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Vladev V, Brazkova M, Bozhkov S, Angelova G, Blazheva D, Minkova S, Nikolova K, Eftimov T. Light-Emitting-Diode-Induced Fluorescence from Organic Dyes for Application in Excitation-Emission Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Food System Analysis. Foods 2024; 13:1329. [PMID: 38731700 PMCID: PMC11083508 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
An experimental study is presented on the possibility of using the fluorescence from organic dyes as a broadband light source together with a monochromator for applications in excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. A high-power single-chip light-emitting diode (LED) was chosen as an excitation source with a central output wavelength at 365 nm to excite a fluorescent solution of Coumarin 1 dye dissolved in ethanol. Two excitation configurations were investigated: direct excitation from the LED and excitation through an optical-fiber-coupled LED. A Czerny-Turner monochromator with a diffraction grating was used for the spectral tuning of the fluorescence. A simple method was investigated for increasing the efficiency of the excitation as well as the fluorescence signal collection by using a diffuse reflector composed of barium sulfate (BaSO4) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). As research objects, extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), Coumarin 6 dye, and Perylene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), were used. The results showed that the light-emitting-diode-induced fluorescence was sufficient to cover the losses on the optical path to the monochromator output, where a detectable signal could be obtained. The obtained results reveal the practical possibility of applying the fluorescence from dyes as a light source for food system analysis by EEM fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veselin Vladev
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Information Technologies, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.V.); (S.B.); (K.N.)
- Central Laboratory of Applied Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 61 Sankt Peterburg Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Mariya Brazkova
- Department of Biotechnology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Stefan Bozhkov
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Information Technologies, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.V.); (S.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Galena Angelova
- Department of Biotechnology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Denica Blazheva
- Department of Microbiology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Stefka Minkova
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University—Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Krastena Nikolova
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Information Technologies, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.V.); (S.B.); (K.N.)
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University—Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Tinko Eftimov
- Central Laboratory of Applied Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 61 Sankt Peterburg Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Centre de Recherche en Photonique, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 101 rue Saint-Jean-Bosco, Gatineau, QC J8Y 3G5, Canada
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Chen C, Du R, Tang J, Wang B, Li F, Zhang Z, Yu G. Characterization of microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter in freshwater: Effects of light irradiation and polymer types. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108536. [PMID: 38471263 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impacts of light irradiation and polymer types on the leaching behavior of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from microplastics (MPs) in freshwater. Polypropylene had the highest leaching capacity of DOM after photoaging, followed by polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). While similarly low levels of DOM were observed in the remaining 5 MP suspensions under UV irradiation and in almost all MP suspensions (except PA) under darkness. These suggest that the photooxidation of some buoyant plastics may influence the carbon cycling of nature waters. Among 9 MP-derived leachates, PET leachates had the highest chromophoric DOM concentration and aromaticity, probably owing to the special benzene rings and carbonyl groups in PET structures and its fast degradation rate. Protein-like substances were the primary fluorescent DOM in MP suspensions (except PS), especially in darkness no other fluorescent substances were found. Considering the bio-labile properties of proteins together, MPs regardless of floating or suspended in an aquatic environment may have prevalent long-term effects on microbial activities. Besides, from monomers to hexamers with newly formed chemical bonds were identified in UV-irradiated MP suspensions. These results will contribute to a deep insight into the potential ecological effects related to MP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Chen
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Roujia Du
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China; School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Ropciuc S, Dranca F, Pauliuc D, Oroian M. Honey authentication and adulteration detection using emission - excitation spectra combined with chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122459. [PMID: 36812751 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of emission-excitation matrices for honey authentication and adulteration detection. For this purpose, 4 types of authentic honeys (tilia, sunflower, acacia and rape) and samples adulterated with different adulteration agents (agave, maple, inverted sugar, corn and rice in different percentages - 5%, 10% and 20%) were analysed. Each honey type and each adulteration agent exhibit unique emission-excitation spectra that can be used for the classification according to the botanical origin and for the detection of adulteration. The principal component analysis clearly separated the rape, sunflower and acacia honeys. The partial least squares - discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machines (SVM) were used in a binary mode to separate the authentic honeys from the adulterated ones, and the SVM proved to separate much better than PLS-DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Ropciuc
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania
| | - Florina Dranca
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania
| | - Daniela Pauliuc
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania
| | - Mircea Oroian
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania.
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Zhang J, Huang N, Li H, Cheng B, Zhou X, Wang C. Interaction between biochar-dissolved organic matter and chlorophenols during biochar adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40375-40387. [PMID: 36609760 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) has been widely applied in the remediation of chlorophenols (CPs) from contaminated sites in which the role and mechanisms of BC dissolved organic matter (BDOM), as a crucial component of BC, with CPs are largely unknown and thus need to be investigated. In this study, DOM was derived from peanut hulls (PDOM) and corn stalks (CDOM) as BC sources, and the interactions between PDOM/CDOM and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) were analysed using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEM) in combination with multiple models. EEM combined with fluorescence region integration (EEM-FRI) indicated that humic-like materials were the major materials of both PDOM and CDOM (percentage fluorescence response Ri,n > 60%), and CDOM contained more protein- and fulvic-like materials than PDOM. Based on EEM in combination with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), 4 components were obtained, and the percentage decrease in maximum fluorescence intensities (Fmax) showed that the main components interacting with TCP in PDOM/CDOM were protein- and fulvic-like components (> 25%). Moreover, the modified Stern-Volmer model was used to calculate the stability constants (Log KTCP) of PDOM/CDOM and TCP for the first time, and the mechanism of static quenching was dominant for interacting with TCP in PDOM (Log KTCP: 4.36-4.65) and CDOM (Log KTCP: 3.53-4.73). Furthermore, the sequential TCP binding of fluorescent components in BDOM generally followed the order of protein-like → short-wavelength fulvic-like → long-wavelength fulvic-like → humic-like components. These findings will provide a basis for screening biochar as a functional material for CP remediation applications and for understanding the environmental chemical behaviour of leached DOM during biochar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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