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Azer SA, Alsharafi AA. Can pharmacy students use Wikipedia as a learning resource? Critical assessment of articles on chemotherapeutic drugs. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2023; 47:333-345. [PMID: 36951631 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00212.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacy students tend to use Wikipedia as a quick resource of knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of content and readability level of Wikipedia articles on chemotherapeutics, using quality and readability tools. Using the British National Formulary (BNF-2018) and ClinicalTrials.gov, we identified 188 chemotherapeutic drugs. We randomly selected 100 drugs with an Excel randomization program. The English Wikipedia was searched for the selected 100 drugs, and prints of the identified articles were obtained. Readability was calculated with an online instrument (http://www.readabilityformulas.com/). Articles were independently scored by two researchers using the modified DISCERN tool for content assessment. The modified DISCERN scores had a median value of 24 [interquartile range (IQR) = 7.5]. Two articles (2%) had good quality (DISCERN score 36-40), thirty-eight (38%) were moderate (DISCERN 26-35), and sixty (60%) were poor in score (DISCERN ≤25). The articles covered drug indications and most side effects. However, the majority lacked information on the routes of administration, contraindications, pharmacokinetics, and mechanisms of action. We found a correlation between DISCERN scores and number of edits (P value = 0.00033, R2 = 0.1238). The number of references varied from 2 to 150 (median= 17, IQR = 17). Several problems were identified in the lists of references and citations. Most articles lacked tables and figures. The readability of the articles was 14.35 ± 3.13, consistent with the readability level of university students. In conclusion, the Wikipedia articles on chemotherapeutic drugs were not written for professional pharmacy students. Although they matched the expected readability level of university students, most were incomplete and lacked essential information.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pharmacy students use Wikipedia as a quick resource of knowledge. However, Wikipedia articles are not written for professional pharmacy students. The study shows that although Wikipedia articles on chemotherapeutic drugs matched the expected readability level of university students, most needed to be completed and lacked essential information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A Azer
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya A Alsharafi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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The Lipophilic Purine Nucleoside-Tdp1 Inhibitor-Enhances DNA Damage Induced by Topotecan In Vitro and Potentiates the Antitumor Effect of Topotecan In Vivo. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010323. [PMID: 36615517 PMCID: PMC9822400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cancer chemotherapy sensitizers is a promising approach to induce the effect of clinically used anticancer treatments. One of the interesting targets is Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1), a DNA-repair enzyme, that may prevent the action of clinical Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibitors, such as topotecan (Tpc). Tdp1 eliminates covalent Top1-DNA (Top1c) complexes that appear under the action of topotecan and determines the cytotoxic effect of this drug. We hypothesize that Tdp1 inhibition would sensitize cells towards the effect of Tpc. Herein, we report the synthesis and study of lipophilic derivatives of purine nucleosides that efficiently suppress Tdp1 activity, with IC50 values in the 0.3-22.0 μM range. We also showed that this compound class can enhance DNA damage induced by topotecan in vitro by Comet assay on human cell lines HeLa and potentiate the antitumor effect of topotecan in vivo on a mice ascitic Krebs-2 carcinoma model. Thereby, this type of compound may be useful to develop drugs, that sensitize the effect of topotecan and reduce the required dose and, as a result, side effects.
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Ahmed MB, Islam SU, Alghamdi AAA, Kamran M, Ahsan H, Lee YS. Phytochemicals as Chemo-Preventive Agents and Signaling Molecule Modulators: Current Role in Cancer Therapeutics and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15765. [PMID: 36555406 PMCID: PMC9779495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest non communicable diseases. Numerous anticancer medications have been developed to target the molecular pathways driving cancer. However, there has been no discernible increase in the overall survival rate in cancer patients. Therefore, innovative chemo-preventive techniques and agents are required to supplement standard cancer treatments and boost their efficacy. Fruits and vegetables should be tapped into as a source of compounds that can serve as cancer therapy. Phytochemicals play an important role as sources of new medication in cancer treatment. Some synthetic and natural chemicals are effective for cancer chemoprevention, i.e., the use of exogenous medicine to inhibit or impede tumor development. They help regulate molecular pathways linked to the development and spread of cancer. They can enhance antioxidant status, inactivating carcinogens, suppressing proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest and death, and regulating the immune system. While focusing on four main categories of plant-based anticancer agents, i.e., epipodophyllotoxin, camptothecin derivatives, taxane diterpenoids, and vinca alkaloids and their mode of action, we review the anticancer effects of phytochemicals, like quercetin, curcumin, piperine, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and gingerol. We examine the different signaling pathways associated with cancer and how inflammation as a key mechanism is linked to cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Cecos University, Peshawar, Street 1, Sector F 5 Phase 6 Hayatabad, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Young Sup Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Hybrids of 1,4-Quinone with Quinoline Derivatives: Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Molecular Docking with DT-Diaphorase (NQO1). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196206. [PMID: 36234741 PMCID: PMC9572083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrids 1,4-quinone with quinoline were obtained by connecting two active structures through an oxygen atom. This strategy allows to obtain new compounds with a high biological activity and suitable bioavailability. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The enzymatic assay used showed that these compounds were a suitable DT-diaphorase (NQO1) substrates as evidenced by increasing enzymatic conversion rates relative to that of streptonigrin. Hybrids were tested in vitro against a panel of human cell lines including melanoma, breast, and lung cancers. They showed also a high cytotoxic activity depending on the type of 1,4-quinone moiety and the applied tumor cell lines. It was found that cytotoxic activity of the studied hybrids was increasing against the cell lines with higher NQO1 protein level, such as breast (MCF-7 and T47D) and lung (A549) cancers. Selected hybrids were tested for the transcriptional activity of the gene encoding a proliferation marker (H3 histone), cell cycle regulators (p53 and p21) and the apoptosis pathway (BCL-2 and BAX). The molecular docking was used to examine the probable interaction between the hybrids and NQO1 protein.
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhuang W, Yu Y, Sun X, Wang H, Li F, Li Q. Investigation of the Uptake and Transport of Two Novel Camptothecin Derivatives in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123669. [PMID: 35744795 PMCID: PMC9230870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irinotecan and Topotecan are two Camptothecin derivatives (CPTs) whose resistance is associated with the high expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). To reverse this resistance, two novel CPTs, FL77-28 (7-(3-Fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-10,11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-CPT) and FL77-29 (7-(4-Fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-10,11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-CPT), were synthesized by our group. In this study, the anti-tumor activities of FL77-28, FL77-29, and their parent, FL118 (10,11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-CPT), were evaluated and the results showed that FL77-28 and FL77-29 had stronger anti-tumor activities than FL118. The transport and uptake of FL118, FL77-28, and FL77-29 were investigated in Caco-2 cells for the preliminary prediction of intestinal absorption. The apparent permeability coefficient from apical to basolateral (Papp AP-BL) values of FL77-28 and FL77-29 were (2.32 ± 0.04) × 10−6 cm/s and (2.48 ± 0.18) × 10−6 cm/s, respectively, suggesting that the compounds had moderate absorption. Since the transport property of FL77-28 was passive diffusion and the efflux ratio (ER) was less than 2, two chemical inhibitors were added to further confirm the involvement of efflux proteins. The results showed that FL77-28 was not a substrate of P-gp or BCRP, but FL77-29 was mediated by P-gp. In conclusion, FL77-28 might be a promising candidate to overcome drug resistance induced by multiple efflux proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiangli Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Wenya Zhuang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Yanlei Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Xuanrong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Qingyong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-8832-0984
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Khaiwa N, Maarouf NR, Darwish MH, Alhamad DWM, Sebastian A, Hamad M, Omar HA, Orive G, Al-Tel TH. Camptothecin's journey from discovery to WHO Essential Medicine: Fifty years of promise. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113639. [PMID: 34175539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nature represents a rich source of compounds used for the treatment of many diseases. Camptothecin (CPT), isolated from the bark of Camptotheca acuminata, is a cytotoxic alkaloid that attenuates cancer cell replication by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase 1. Despite its promising and wide spectrum antiproliferative activity, its use is limited due to low solubility, instability, acquired tumour cell resistance, and remarkable toxicity. This has led to the development of numerous CPT analogues with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles. Three natural product-inspired drugs, namely, topotecan, irinotecan, and belotecan, are clinically approved and prescribed drugs for the treatment of several types of cancer, whereas other derivatives are in clinical trials. In this review, which covers literature from 2015 to 2020, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview and describe efforts that led to the development of a variety of CPT analogues. These efforts have led to the discovery of potent, first-in-class chemotherapeutic agents inspired by CPT. In addition, the mechanism of action, SAR studies, and recent advances of novel CPT drug delivery systems and antibody drug conjugates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Khaiwa
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor R Maarouf
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mhd H Darwish
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dima W M Alhamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anusha Sebastian
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamad Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Health Sciences, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A Omar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Hur J, Ghosh M, Kim TH, Park N, Pandey K, Cho YB, Hong SD, Katuwal NB, Kang M, An HJ, Moon YW. Synergism of AZD6738, an ATR Inhibitor, in Combination with Belotecan, a Camptothecin Analogue, in Chemotherapy-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031223. [PMID: 33513721 PMCID: PMC7865398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of mortality among all gynecologic malignancies owing to recurrence and ultimate development of chemotherapy resistance in the majority of patients. In the chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer preclinical model, we investigated whether AZD6738 (an ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) inhibitor) could synergize with belotecan (a camptothecin analog and topoisomerase I inhibitor). In vitro, both chemotherapy-resistant and chemotherapy-sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines showed synergistic anti-proliferative activity with a combination treatment of belotecan and AZD6738. The combination also demonstrated synergistic tumor inhibition in mice with a chemotherapy-resistant cell line xenograft. Mechanistically, belotecan, a DNA-damaging agent, increased phospho-ATR (pATR) and phospho-Chk1 (pChk1) in consecutive order, indicating the activation of the DNA repair system. This consequently induced G2/M arrest in the cell cycle analysis. However, when AZD6738 was added to belotecan, pATR and pChk1 induced by belotecan alone were suppressed again. A cell cycle analysis in betotecan showed a sub-G1 increase as well as a G2/M decrease, representing the release of G2/M arrest and the induction of apoptosis. In ascites-derived primary cancer cells from both chemotherapy-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer patients, this combination was also synergistic, providing further support for our hypothesis. The combined administration of ATR inhibitor and belotecan proved to be synergistic in our preclinical model. This combination warrants further investigation in a clinical trial, with a particular aim of overcoming chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hur
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.H.); (M.G.); (N.P.); (K.P.); (Y.B.C.); (S.D.H.); (N.B.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - Mithun Ghosh
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.H.); (M.G.); (N.P.); (K.P.); (Y.B.C.); (S.D.H.); (N.B.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - Tae Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (T.H.K.); (H.J.A.)
| | - Nahee Park
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.H.); (M.G.); (N.P.); (K.P.); (Y.B.C.); (S.D.H.); (N.B.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Kamal Pandey
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.H.); (M.G.); (N.P.); (K.P.); (Y.B.C.); (S.D.H.); (N.B.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Young Bin Cho
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.H.); (M.G.); (N.P.); (K.P.); (Y.B.C.); (S.D.H.); (N.B.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Sa Deok Hong
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.H.); (M.G.); (N.P.); (K.P.); (Y.B.C.); (S.D.H.); (N.B.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - Nar Bahadur Katuwal
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.H.); (M.G.); (N.P.); (K.P.); (Y.B.C.); (S.D.H.); (N.B.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - Minsil Kang
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.H.); (M.G.); (N.P.); (K.P.); (Y.B.C.); (S.D.H.); (N.B.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hee Jung An
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (T.H.K.); (H.J.A.)
| | - Yong Wha Moon
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.H.); (M.G.); (N.P.); (K.P.); (Y.B.C.); (S.D.H.); (N.B.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-780-3436; Fax: +82-31-780-3929
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8
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Lanphere C, Arnott PM, Jones SF, Korlova K, Howorka S. A Biomimetic DNA-Based Membrane Gate for Protein-Controlled Transport of Cytotoxic Drugs. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:1931-1936. [PMID: 38504763 PMCID: PMC10947198 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry is ideally placed to replicate biomolecular structures with tuneable building materials. Of particular interest are molecular nanopores, which transport cargo across membranes, as in DNA sequencing. Advanced nanopores control transport in response to triggers, but this cannot be easily replicated with biogenic proteins. Here we use DNA nanotechnology to build a synthetic molecular gate that opens in response to a specific protein. The gate self-assembles from six DNA strands to form a bilayer-spanning pore, and a lid strand comprising a protein-binding DNA aptamer to block the channel entrance. Addition of the trigger protein, thrombin, selectively opens the gate and enables a 330-fold increase inw the transport rate of small-molecule cargo. The molecular gate incorporates in delivery vesicles to controllably release enclosed cytotoxic drugs and kill eukaryotic cells. The generically designed gate may be applied in biomedicine, biosensing or for building synthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Lanphere
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Patrick M. Arnott
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
| | - Sioned Fôn Jones
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonWC1H 0AJUK
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Katarina Korlova
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Stefan Howorka
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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9
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Lanphere C, Arnott PM, Jones SF, Korlova K, Howorka S. A Biomimetic DNA-Based Membrane Gate for Protein-Controlled Transport of Cytotoxic Drugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1903-1908. [PMID: 33231913 PMCID: PMC7894144 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry is ideally placed to replicate biomolecular structures with tuneable building materials. Of particular interest are molecular nanopores, which transport cargo across membranes, as in DNA sequencing. Advanced nanopores control transport in response to triggers, but this cannot be easily replicated with biogenic proteins. Here we use DNA nanotechnology to build a synthetic molecular gate that opens in response to a specific protein. The gate self‐assembles from six DNA strands to form a bilayer‐spanning pore, and a lid strand comprising a protein‐binding DNA aptamer to block the channel entrance. Addition of the trigger protein, thrombin, selectively opens the gate and enables a 330‐fold increase inw the transport rate of small‐molecule cargo. The molecular gate incorporates in delivery vesicles to controllably release enclosed cytotoxic drugs and kill eukaryotic cells. The generically designed gate may be applied in biomedicine, biosensing or for building synthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Lanphere
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Patrick M Arnott
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Sioned Fôn Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.,Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Katarina Korlova
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Stefan Howorka
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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10
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Mobasheri T, Rayzan E, Shabani M, Hosseini M, Mahmoodi Chalbatani G, Rezaei N. Neuroblastoma-targeted nanoparticles and novel nanotechnology-based treatment methods. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1751-1775. [PMID: 32735058 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a complicated pediatric tumor, originating from the neural crest, which is the most prevalent in adrenal glands, but may rarely be seen in some other tissues as well. Studies are focused on developing new strategies through novel chemo- and immuno-therapeutic drug targets. Different types of oncogenes such as MYCN, tumor suppressor genes such as p53, and some structural genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor are considered as targets for neuroblastoma therapy. The individual expression patterns in NB cells make them appropriate for this purpose. The combined effect of nano-drug delivery systems and specific drug targets will result in lower systemic side effects, prolonged therapeutic effects, and improvements in the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs. Some of these novel drug delivery systems with a focus on liposomes as carriers are also discussed. In this review, genes and protein products that are beneficial as drug targets in the treatment of neuroblastoma have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranom Mobasheri
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Rayzan
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsima Shabani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mina Hosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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11
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Kang YM, Lan A, Huang YH, Hsu KM, Chao Y, Lan KL. Identification of key genes and pathways associated with topotecan treatment using multiple bioinformatics tools. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:446-453. [PMID: 32243271 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study is to determine critical genes and pathways associated with topotecan using publicly accessible bioinformatics tools. METHODS Topotecan signatures were downloaded from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) database (http://www.ilincs.org/ilincs/). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined as genes that appeared at least three times with p values <0.05 and a fold change of ≥50% (|log2FC| ≥ 0.58). Hub genes were identified by evaluating the following parameters using a protein-protein interaction network: node degrees, betweenness, and eigenfactor scores. Hub genes and the top-40 DEGs by |log2FC| were used to generate a Venn diagram, and key genes were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Information on ovarian cancer patients derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed, and the effect of topotecan on the protein expression was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS Eleven topotecan signatures were downloaded, and 65 upregulated and 87 downregulated DEGs were identified. Twenty-one hub genes were identified. We identified eight key genes as upregulated genes, including NFKBIA, IKBKB, GADD45A, CDKN1A, and HIST2H2BE, while EZH2, CDC20, and CDK7 were identified as downregulated genes, which play critical roles in the cell cycle and carcinogenesis in KEGG analysis. In the TCGA analysis, the CDKN1A+/EZH2- group had the longest median survival, while the CDKN1A-/EZH2+ group had the shortest median survival. Topotecan-treated murine ovarian (MOSEC), colorectal (CT26), and lung (LLC) cancer cell lines displayed upregulated CDKN1A encoding p21 and downregulated Ezh2. CONCLUSION Using publicly accessible bioinformatics tools, we evaluated key genes and pathways related to topotecan and examined the key genes using the TCGA database and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Kang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Alexander Lan
- School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Mei Hsu
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yee Chao
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Keng-Li Lan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Peng S, Zhang J, Tan X, Huang Y, Xu J, Silk N, Zhang D, Liu Q, Jiang J. The VHL/HIF Axis in the Development and Treatment of Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:586857. [PMID: 33329393 PMCID: PMC7732471 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.586857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla (PCCs) or extra-adrenal sympathetic or parasympathetic paraganglia (PGLs). About 40% of PPGLs result from germline mutations and therefore they are highly inheritable. Although dysfunction of any one of a panel of more than 20 genes can lead to PPGLs, mutations in genes involved in the VHL/HIF axis including PHD, VHL, HIF-2A (EPAS1), and SDHx are more frequently found in PPGLs. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that pseudohypoxia plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of PPGLs, and therefore PPGLs are also known as metabolic diseases. However, the interplay between VHL/HIF-mediated pseudohypoxia and metabolic disorder in PPGLs cells is not well-defined. In this review, we will first discuss the VHL/HIF axis and genetic alterations in this axis. Then, we will dissect the underlying mechanisms in VHL/HIF axis-driven PPGL pathogenesis, with special attention paid to the interplay between the VHL/HIF axis and cancer cell metabolism. Finally, we will summarize the currently available compounds/drugs targeting this axis which could be potentially used as PPGLs treatment, as well as their underlying pharmacological mechanisms. The overall goal of this review is to better understand the role of VHL/HIF axis in PPGLs development, to establish more accurate tools in PPGLs diagnosis, and to pave the road toward efficacious therapeutics against metastatic PPGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Peng
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xintao Tan
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Natalie Silk
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Jiang, ; Qiuli Liu,
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Jiang, ; Qiuli Liu,
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Cacho-Díaz B, Lorenzana-Mendoza NA, Salmerón-Moreno K, Reyes-Soto G, Castillo-Rangel C, Corona-Cedillo R, Escobar-Ceballos S, de la Garza-Salazar JG. Chemotherapy-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Three case reports. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15691. [PMID: 31083272 PMCID: PMC6531111 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has been associated with the use of several medications, including chemotherapeutic agents. PATIENT CONCERNS A 65-year-old woman was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the ovary, after sixth-line treatment with topotecan, at the beginning of the fourth cycle, she was admitted to the emergency room for presenting tonic-clonic seizures, visual disturbance, and hypertension. A 66-year-old woman was diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer; due to disease progression, treatment with paclitaxel and gemcitabine was started, 1 month after the last dose of chemotherapy, she was admitted to the emergency room for suffering severe headache, altered mental status, tonic-clonic seizures, and hypertension. A 60-year-old patient diagnosed with breast cancer on the left side, underwent second-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine, carboplatin, and bevacizumab, and 1 month after the last dose of chemotherapy, she was also admitted to the emergency room due to altered mental status, vomiting, tonic-clonic seizures, and hypertension. DIAGNOSIS They were diagnosed as PRES based on physical examination, laboratory findings, and imaging techniques that revealed diffuse lesions and edema within the parieto-occipital regions. INTERVENTIONS They received support treatment with blood pressure (BP) control, seizures were controlled with a single anti-epileptic agent, and chemotherapeutic agents from the onset of PRES to its resolution were discontinued. OUTCOMES All these patients improved after medical treatment was started. LESSONS Medical personnel and therapeutic establishments need to be made aware about this chemotherapy-induced neurologic complication.
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Weng Q, Zhou L, Xia L, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Li F, Li Q. In vitro evaluation of FL118 and 9-Q20 cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in 2D and 3D different cell models. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:527-537. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Zakharova O, Luzina O, Zakharenko A, Sokolov D, Filimonov A, Dyrkheeva N, Chepanova A, Ilina E, Ilyina A, Klabenkova K, Chelobanov B, Stetsenko D, Zafar A, Eurtivong C, Reynisson J, Volcho K, Salakhutdinov N, Lavrik O. Synthesis and evaluation of aryliden- and hetarylidenfuranone derivatives of usnic acid as highly potent Tdp1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4470-4480. [PMID: 30076000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) is a repair enzyme for stalled DNA-topoisomerase 1 (Top 1) cleavage complexes and other 3'-end DNA lesions. Tdp1 is a promising target for anticancer therapy, since it can repair DNA lesions caused by Top1 inhibitors leading to drug resistance. Hence, Tdp1 inhibition should result in synergistic effect with Top1 inhibitors. Twenty nine derivatives of (+)-usnic acid were tested for in vitro Tdp1 inhibitory activity using a fluorescent-based assay. Excellent activity was obtained, with derivative 6m demonstrating the lowest IC50 value of 25 nM. The established efficacy was verified using a gel-based assay, which gave close results to that of the fluorescent assay. In addition, molecular modeling in the Tdp1 substrate binding pocket suggested plausible binding modes for the active analogues. The synergistic effect of the Tdp1 inhibitors with topotecan, a Top1 poison in clinical use, was tested in two human cell lines, A-549 and HEK-293. Compounds 6k and 6x gave very promising results. In particular, 6x has a low cytotoxicity and an IC50 value of 63 nM, making it a valuable lead compound for the development of potent Tdp1 inhibitors for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zakharova
- Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Luzina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Zakharenko
- Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Sokolov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr Filimonov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Dyrkheeva
- Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Arina Chepanova
- Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Ilina
- Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Ilyina
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Boris Chelobanov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Stetsenko
- Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Konstantin Volcho
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Nariman Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Lavrik
- Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
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WITHDRAWN: Addition of targeted agents to chemotherapy for persistent or recurrent ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Hjortkjær M, Kanstrup H, Jakobsen A, Steffensen KD. Veliparib and topotecan for patients with platinum-resistant or partially platinum-sensitive relapse of epithelial ovarian cancer with BRCA negative or unknown BRCA status. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2017; 14:7-12. [PMID: 30104007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Hjortkjær
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, Kabbeltoft 25, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19-3, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Viborg Hospital, Heibergs Allé 4, 8800 Viborg, Denmark.
| | - Hanne Kanstrup
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, Kabbeltoft 25, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Anders Jakobsen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, Kabbeltoft 25, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19-3, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Karina Dahl Steffensen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, Kabbeltoft 25, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19-3, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
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18
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In vitro assay for measuring real time topotecan release from liposomes: release kinetics and cellular internalization. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:544-557. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Crotti S, Posocco B, Marangon E, Nitti D, Toffoli G, Agostini M. Mass spectrometry in the pharmacokinetic studies of anticancer natural products. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:213-251. [PMID: 26280357 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the history of medicine, nature has represented the main source of medical products. Indeed, the therapeutic use of plants certainly goes back to the Sumerian and Hippocrates and nowadays nature still represents the major source for new drugs discovery. Moreover, in the cancer treatment, drugs are either natural compounds or have been developed from naturally occurring parent compounds firstly isolated from plants and microbes from terrestrial and marine environment. A critical element of an anticancer drug is represented by its severe toxicities and, after administration, the drug concentrations have to remain in an appropriate range to be effective. Anyway, the drug dosage defined during the clinical studies could be inappropriate for an individual patient due to differences in drug absorption, metabolism and excretion. For this reason, personalized medicine, based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), represents one of most important challenges in cancer therapy. Mass spectrometry sensitivity, specificity and fastness lead to elect this technique as the Golden Standard for pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism studies therefore for TDM. This review focuses on the mass spectrometry-based methods developed for pharmacokinetic quantification in human plasma of anticancer drugs derived from natural sources and already used in clinical practice. Particular emphasis was placed both on the pre-analytical and analytical steps, such as: sample preparation procedures, sample size required by the analysis and the limit of quantification of drugs and metabolites to give some insights on the clinical practice applicability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. 36:213-251, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Crotti
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Bianca Posocco
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Elena Marangon
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Donato Nitti
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Nicolo Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Nicolo Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Bonanthaya R, Lakshmaiah KC, Babu S, Lokanatha D. Palliative chemotherapy in recurrent carcinoma cervix: experience from a regional cancer centre in southern India. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2016.1175152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Kim MK, James J, Annunziata CM. Topotecan synergizes with CHEK1 (CHK1) inhibitor to induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:196. [PMID: 25884494 PMCID: PMC4379550 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Topotecan (TPT) is a therapeutic option for women with platinum-resistant or -refractory ovarian cancer. However, the dose-limiting toxicity of TPT is myelosuppression. This led us to seek a combination treatment to augment TPT anti-cancer activity in a cancer-targeted manner. Ovarian serous cancers, a major subtype, show dysregulated DNA repair pathway and often display a high level of CHEK1 (CHK1), a cell cycle regulator and DNA damage sensor. CHEK1 inhibitors are a novel approach to treatment, and have been used as single agents or in combination chemotherapy in many cancers. Methods We evaluated the cellular effects of TPT in a panel of high grade serous (HGS) and non-HGS ovarian cancer cells. We then determined IC50s of TPT in the absence and presence of CHEK1 inhibitor, PF477736. Synergism between TPT and PF477736 was calculated based on cellular viability assays. Cytotoxic effect of the combined treatment was compared with apoptotic activities by Caspase3/7 activity assay and Western blotting of cleaved-PARP1 and γH2AX. Results Non-HGS ovarian cancer cells were generally more sensitive to TPT treatment compared to HGS ovarian cancer cells. When combined with CHEK1 inhibitor, TPT potently and synergistically inhibited the proliferation of HGS ovarian cancer cells. This dramatic synergism in cellular toxicity was consistent with increases in markers of apoptosis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the addition of CHEK1 inhibitor increases the response of ovarian cancer cells to TPT. Furthermore, reduced dosages of both drugs achieved maximal cytotoxic effects by combining TPT with CHEK1 inhibitor. This strategy would potentially minimize side effects of the drugs for extended clinical benefit. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1231-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne K Kim
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jana James
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Christina M Annunziata
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Proszek J, Roy A, Jakobsen AK, Frøhlich R, Knudsen BR, Stougaard M. Topoisomerase I as a biomarker: detection of activity at the single molecule level. SENSORS 2014; 14:1195-207. [PMID: 24434877 PMCID: PMC3926610 DOI: 10.3390/s140101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human topoisomerase I (hTopI) is an essential cellular enzyme. The enzyme is often upregulated in cancer cells, and it is a target for chemotherapeutic drugs of the camptothecin (CPT) family. Response to CPT-based treatment is dependent on hTopI activity, and reduction in activity, and mutations in hTopI have been reported to result in CPT resistance. Therefore, hTOPI gene copy number, mRNA level, protein amount, and enzyme activity have been studied to explain differences in cellular response to CPT. We show that Rolling Circle Enhanced Enzyme Activity Detection (REEAD), allowing measurement of hTopI cleavage-religation activity at the single molecule level, may be used to detect posttranslational enzymatic differences influencing CPT response. These differences cannot be detected by analysis of hTopI gene copy number, mRNA amount, or protein amount, and only become apparent upon measuring the activity of hTopI in the presence of CPT. Furthermore, we detected differences in the activity of the repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1, which is involved in repair of hTopI-induced DNA damage. Since increased TDP1 activity can reduce cellular CPT sensitivity we suggest that a combined measurement of TDP1 activity and hTopI activity in presence of CPT will be the best determinant for CPT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Proszek
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | - Amit Roy
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | | | - Rikke Frøhlich
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | - Birgitta R Knudsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | - Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
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Zeng XH, Li YH, Wu SS, Hao RL, Li H, Ni H, Han HB, Li HH. New and highly efficient column chromatographic extraction and simple purification of camptothecin from Camptotheca acuminata and Nothapodytes pittosporoides. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:623-630. [PMID: 23722924 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Camptothecin, a widely used natural anti-cancer drug, is difficult to extract and purify effectively from plants. OBJECTIVE To develop new and highly efficient extraction and purification methods for analysis and production of camptothecin from leaves and fruits of Camptotheca acuminata and Nothapodytes pittosporoides roots. METHODS Dried materials were loaded in empty columns with fivefold 60% ethanol for leaves or 70% ethanol for fruits of C. acumnata, and sixfold 70% ethanol for N. pittosporoides roots. The columns were eluted with the same solvents at room temperature. Eluent was collected as extraction solution. Extraction solution from leaves and fruits of C. acuminata was vacuum-evaporated to remove ethanol, precipitated at pH 8.0 to remove alkaline insolubles and fractionated with chloroform at pH 3.0, which yields a crude product with 70% purity. Extraction solution from N. pittosporoides roots was concentrated to 1/10 volume and precipitated at pH 3.0, which yields a crude product with 60% purity. All crude products were purified by crystallisation. All steps were monitored by HPLC. RESULTS Camptothecin was extracted from the three plant materials at a 98% rate with 15- or 18-fold solvent for content analysis, or at a 97% rate with five- or sixfold solvent for production. All crude products were purified to 98%. The overall recovery rates of camptothecin from plant materials to purified products reached 92% or higher. CONCLUSION The new procedures are simple and highly efficient, and have multiple advantages for quantitative analysis and large production of camptothecin from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hua Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China, 510631
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Trojandt S, Knies D, Pektor S, Ritz S, Mailänder V, Grabbe S, Reske-Kunz AB, Bros M. The chemotherapeutic agent topotecan differentially modulates the phenotype and function of dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1315-26. [PMID: 23666509 PMCID: PMC11029351 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The camptothecin analogue topotecan (TPT) induces tumor cell apoptosis due to interference with topoisomerase I and is clinically used as a second-line chemotherapeutic in the treatment for metastasizing ovarian and small cell lung carcinoma. Based on the more recent finding of TPT-mediated inhibition of the transcription factor hypoxia-induced factor-1α, a hallmark of solid tumors, TPT, is currently tested in clinical trials for its suitability as a first-line chemotherapeutic for the treatment for various types of tumors. Due to the gained clinical interest in TPT and in light of its modulatory effect on signaling pathways, which are also of importance for immune cell functions, we asked for potential effects of TPT on dendritic cells (DCs), the main antigen-presenting cell population of the immune system. Here, we show that TPT at a therapeutically relevant dose partially activated monocyte-derived DCs as reflected by enhanced migratory activity, elevated expression of HLA-DR and costimulatory/maturation markers, and accordingly an increased allogenic CD4(+) T cell stimulation. In marked contrast, TPT prevented full maturation of DCs stimulated with a cocktail of proinflammatory mediators, accompanied by somewhat lower upregulation of NF-κB factors p65 and RelB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Trojandt
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Research Unit Allergology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Obere Zahlbacher-Str. 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Phenothiazines inhibit hepatitis C virus entry, likely by increasing the fluidity of cholesterol-rich membranes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2571-81. [PMID: 23529728 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02593-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in the development of direct-acting antiviral agents against hepatitis C virus (HCV), more effective therapies are still urgently needed. We and others previously identified three phenothiazine compounds as potent HCV entry inhibitors. In this study, we show that phenothiazines inhibit HCV entry at the step of virus-host cell fusion, by intercalating into cholesterol-rich domains of the target membrane and increasing membrane fluidity. Perturbation of the alignment/packing of cholesterol in lipid membranes likely increases the energy barrier needed for virus-host fusion. A screening assay based on the ability of molecules to selectively increase the fluidity of cholesterol-rich membranes was subsequently developed. One compound that emerged from the library screen, topotecan, is able to very potently inhibit the fusion of liposomes with cell culture-derived HCV (HCVcc). These results yield new insights into HCV infection and provide a platform for the identification of new HCV inhibitors.
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A systematic review on topoisomerase 1 inhibition in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138:347-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Musa F, Blank S, Muggia F. A pharmacokinetic evaluation of topotecan as a cervical cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:215-24. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.758249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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von Gruenigen VE, Frasure HE, Smith DA, Fusco NL, Eaton SM, DeBernardo RL, Heugel AM, Waggoner SE. Toxicity of weekly oral topotecan in relation to dosage for gynecologic malignancies: a phase I study. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:724-30. [PMID: 22555194 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32835396d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the dose of weekly oral topotecan that allows safe administration and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of this dose in patients with recurrent gynecologic malignancies. The first cohort of patients received oral topotecan 6 mg/week administered orally on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day regimen. A standard 3+3 dose-escalating phase design was used for dose levels II-V (8, 10, 12 and 14 mg/week). Toxicity was scored according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Cumulative toxicity was summarized in the 6-12 mg/week combined cohort and 14 mg/week cohort separately. Pharmacokinetic samples were obtained for day 1, cycle 1 only in the expansion cohort (dose level V). Twenty-five patients received a total of 88 cycles of therapy. Hematologic toxicities of grade 3 (6-12 mg dose) were neutropenia (25%) and anemia (8.3%). Gastrointestinal toxicities of grade 3 were diarrhea (16.7%) and obstruction (8.3%, disease-related). Grade 3 or 4 (14 mg/week) hematologic toxicities consisted of neutropenia (38.5%), platelets (15.4%), anemia (15.4%), infection with neutropenia (7.7%), and thrombosis (7.7%). Gastrointestinal toxicities of grade 3 were diarrhea (7.7%), obstruction (7.7%), and vomiting (7.7%). One patient died secondary to neutropenic sepsis. One patient (4%; 95% confidence interval: 2.1, 22.3) showed a partial response and five patients (20%; 95% confidence interval: 7.6, 41.3) had stable disease. An oral topotecan dose of 14 mg/week for 3 consecutive weeks out of 4 is mostly associated with acceptable toxicities and may be considered for use in future single-agent phase II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian E von Gruenigen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron, Ohio 44309, USA.
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Expected Benefits of Topotecan Combined With Lapatinib in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer According to Biological Profile. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2012; 22:1483-8. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e31826d1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Diaz-Padilla I, Monk BJ, Mackay HJ, Oaknin A. Treatment of metastatic cervical cancer: future directions involving targeted agents. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 85:303-14. [PMID: 22883215 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the third most common cause of female cancer mortality, and it remains a major health problem in populations with limited economic resources. Metastatic disease or recurrent lesions not amenable to radical local excision or regional radiation have a poor prognosis, and are treated with palliative platinum-based chemotherapy. There are few effective therapeutic options for patients who progressed after first-line chemotherapy. Future advances in the treatment of metastatic or recurrent disease may rely on more effective and better-tolerated therapies, and molecularly driven targeted agents could represent an attractive option. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and epidermal growth factor receptor directed therapies have focused the most recent clinical research efforts. A thorough molecular characterization of cervical cancer remains crucial for a rationale implementation of targeted agents and companion biomarkers. Alternative clinical trial designs may also be necessary to optimize the clinical development of new drugs for metastatic cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Diaz-Padilla
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.
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Defferrari C, Campora S, D'Amico M, Piccardo A, Biscaldi E, Rosselli D, Pasa A, Puntoni M, Gozza A, Gennari A, Zanardi S, Lionetto R, Bandelloni M, DeCensi A. A case series of low dose bevacizumab and chemotherapy in heavily pretreated patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2012; 5:17. [PMID: 22732001 PMCID: PMC3408333 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-5-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy prolongs progression free survival in the first line treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but its cost/effectiveness is debated. We assessed the safety and activity of a lower dose of bevacizumab in pretreated advanced stage EOC. METHODS We treated 15 patients, mostly with platinum resistant EOC, who had received a median of four prior cytotoxic regimens, with bevacizumab 5-7.5 mg/kg q21 days in combination with either carboplatin (n = 8), oral cyclofosfamide (n = 5) or weekly paclitaxel (n = 2). Bevacizumab was administered until disease progression. Tumor response was assessed by CA125 and fusion 18 F-FDG PET/contrast enhanced CT. RESULTS The median number of bevacizumab cycles was 21 (range 3-59). The median baseline CA125 was 272 U/ml and decreased to 15.2 U/ml at nadir. Tumor response was 4 complete response (CR) (26.7%) and 7 partial response (PR) (46.7%) by chemotherapy (CT), with an overall response rate of 73.4% (95% CI, 51.0 - 95.8) according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST), and 6 CR (40%) and 4 PR (26.7%) by PET, for an overall metabolic response rate of 67% (95%CI, 42.8 - 90.6) according to PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST). Median progression free survival (PFS) was 21 months and median overall survival (OS) was 24 months. Grade 3 adverse events related to bevacizumab were hypertension (n = 2), proteinuria (n = 1) and epistaxis (n = 5). Treatment was delayed in five patients for nasal bleeding or uncontrolled hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose bevacizumab and chemotherapy was well tolerated and active in a heavily pretreated population of advanced EOC. Further studies should assess the activity of low dose bevacizumab in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Defferrari
- Unit of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Campora
- Unit of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro D'Amico
- Unit of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ambra Pasa
- Unit of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Puntoni
- Scientific Direction, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Gozza
- Unit of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gennari
- Unit of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Zanardi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rita Lionetto
- Health Direction, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea DeCensi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
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Achilli C, Palaia I, Perniola G, Di Donato V, Marchetti C, Benedetti Panici P. Complete remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of an advanced vulvar cancer patient: A case report. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38:1036-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The external location of the zebrafish lateral line makes it a powerful model for studying mechanosensory hair cell regeneration. We have developed a chemical screen to identify FDA-approved drugs and biologically active compounds that modulate hair cell regeneration in zebrafish. Of the 1680 compounds evaluated, we identified two enhancers and six inhibitors of regeneration. The two enhancers, dexamethasone and prednisolone, are synthetic glucocorticoids that potentiated hair cell numbers during regeneration and also induced hair cell addition in the absence of damage. BrdU analysis confirmed that the extra hair cells arose from mitotic activity. We found that dexamethasone and prednisolone, like other glucocorticoids, suppress zebrafish caudal fin regeneration, indicating that hair cell regeneration occurs by a distinctly different process. Further analyses of the regeneration inhibitors revealed that two of the six, flubendazole and topotecan, significantly suppress hair cell regeneration by preventing proliferation of hair cell precursors. Flubendazole halted support cell division in M-phase, possibly by interfering with normal microtubule activity. Topotecan, a topoisomerase inhibitor, killed both hair cells and proliferating hair cell precursors. A third inhibitor, fulvestrant, moderately delayed hair cell regeneration by reducing support cell proliferation. Our observation that hair cells do not regenerate when support cell proliferation is impeded confirms previous observations that cell division is the primary route for hair cell regeneration after neomycin treatment in zebrafish.
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Nacev A, Kim SH, Rodriguez-Canales J, Tangrea MA, Shapiro B, Emmert-Buck MR. A dynamic magnetic shift method to increase nanoparticle concentration in cancer metastases: a feasibility study using simulations on autopsy specimens. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2907-23. [PMID: 22131836 PMCID: PMC3224717 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A nanoparticle delivery system termed dynamic magnetic shift (DMS) has the potential to more effectively treat metastatic cancer by equilibrating therapeutic magnetic nanoparticles throughout tumors. To evaluate the feasibility of DMS, histological liver sections from autopsy cases of women who died from breast neoplasms were studied to measure vessel number, size, and spatial distribution in both metastatic tumors and normal tissue. Consistent with prior studies, normal tissue had a higher vascular density with a vessel-to-nuclei ratio of 0.48 ± 0.14 (n = 1000), whereas tumor tissue had a ratio of 0.13 ± 0.07 (n = 1000). For tumors, distances from cells to their nearest blood vessel were larger (average 43.8 μm, maximum 287 μm, n ≈ 5500) than normal cells (average 5.3 μm, maximum 67.8 μm, n ≈ 5500), implying that systemically delivered nanoparticles diffusing from vessels into surrounding tissue would preferentially dose healthy instead of cancerous cells. Numerical simulations of magnetically driven particle transport based on the autopsy data indicate that DMS would correct the problem by increasing nanoparticle levels in hypovascular regions of metastases to that of normal tissue, elevating the time-averaged concentration delivered to the tumor for magnetic actuation versus diffusion alone by 1.86-fold, and increasing the maximum concentration over time by 1.89-fold. Thus, DMS may prove useful in facilitating therapeutic nanoparticles to reach poorly vascularized regions of metastatic tumors that are not accessed by diffusion alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alek Nacev
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Update on urodynamic bladder dysfunctions after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 80:323-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Alagkiozidis I, Facciabene A, Tsiatas M, Carpenito C, Benencia F, Adams S, Jonak Z, June CH, Powell DJ, Coukos G. Time-dependent cytotoxic drugs selectively cooperate with IL-18 for cancer chemo-immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2011; 9:77. [PMID: 21609494 PMCID: PMC3118128 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Time-dependent chemotherapeutic agents can selectively target tumor cells in susceptible phases of the cell cycle however a fraction of tumor cells in non-vulnerable cell cycle phases remain drug-resistant. Immunotherapy represents a promising approach to overcome the limitation of phase-specific drugs and improve their clinical efficacy. Here, we investigated the potential use of anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs in combination with IL-18, a cytokine with strong immunostimulatory properties. Methods Four chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used in ovarian cancer were first tested for the ability to increase the immunogenicity and killing of the murine ovarian cancer cell line ID8 in vitro. Chemotherapeutric agents with measured time-dependent immune-enhancing effects were then tested for antitumor effectiveness in vivo in combination with IL-18 immunotherapy using the ID8-Vegf ovarian cancer model. Results Paclitaxel or topotecan exposure alone mediated incomplete, time-dependent killing against the murine ovarian cancer cell line ID8 in vitro, whereas carboplatin or gemcitabine mediated comprehensive, dose-dependent killing. In the plateau phase of the time-dependent killing by topotecan or paclitaxel, drug-resistant ID8 cells were more immunogenic with elevated expression of MHC-I and Fas, and increased sensitivity to CTL and Fas agonistic antibody in vitro. Moreover, the antitumor effectiveness of time-dependent agents in vivo was significantly improved with the addition of IL-18 through a T cell-dependent mechanism, while the effectiveness of drugs without significant phase specificity were not. Conclusions Tumor immunotherapy with IL-18 can significantly augment the killing fraction of phase-specific chemotherapeutic drugs and provide survival benefit. The safety profile of IL-18 and its positive interactions with select anticancer chemotherapeutic agents strongly supports the clinical investigation of this combinatorial approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Alagkiozidis
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Electrochemical detection of anticancer drug topotecan using nano-acetylene black film. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 84:135-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hwang JH, Lim MC, Seo SS, Park SY, Kang S. Phase II Study of Belotecan (CKD 602) as a Single Agent in Patients with Recurrent or Progressive Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2011; 41:624-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyr017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lee YY, Lee JW, Park HS, Song TJ, Kim MK, Choi CH, Kim TJ, Lee JH, Bae DS, Kim BG. Sequence-dependent hematologic side effects of topotecan and cisplatin in persistent or recurrent cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 119:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Glycolytic flux occurs in Drosophila melanogaster recovering from camptothecin treatment. Anticancer Drugs 2010; 21:945-57. [PMID: 20717003 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32833e2f60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) and CPT-derived drugs are widely used against gynaecological and colorectal cancers. On account of their mechanism of action these drugs target rapidly dividing cells and may have an adverse effect on normal tissues. We sought to investigate their impact on normal cells by using Drosophila as a model. We investigated the possible involvement of Drosophila homologue of p53 (Dmp53) and a member of the retinoblastoma binding protein 6 family, known as Snama. On account of its molecular features and experimental evidence gleaned from mammalian studies we propose Snama as a candidate in Dmp53 regulation. We have used proteomics and core molecular biology techniques on embryos and on adult flies. We found that flies that recover from CPT treatment display a metabolic programme characterized by glycolytic flux, depletion of Dmp53 and increase of Snama transcripts. When we introduced methyl pyruvate in the diet to bypass the glycolytic pathway, we noticed differential expression of Dmp53 and Snama and improvement in reproduction and embryonic development. The development of embryos into the pupal stage was significantly improved to 40% (P=0.02) when CPT was given to mothers in combination with methyl pyruvate. This investigation highlights the importance of energy production mechanisms in cells that recover from chemotherapy and differences between the metabolic programmes used by recovering cells and those adopted by cancer cells.
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