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Su H, Huang L, Zhou J, Yang G. Prostate cancer stem cells and their targeted therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1410102. [PMID: 39175878 PMCID: PMC11338935 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1410102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy among men worldwide. Through androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) treatment, patients eventually succumb to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). For this, the prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), as a minor population of tumor cells that can promote tumor relapse, ARSI resistance, and disease progression, are gaining attention. Therefore, specific therapy targeting PCSCs has momentum. This study reviewed the identification and characterization of PCSCs and PCSC-based putative biomarkers and summarized their mechanisms of action. We further discussed clinical trials of novel therapeutic interventions focused on PCSC-related pathways, the PCSC microenvironment, cutting-edge miRNA therapy, and immunotherapy approaches from a mechanistic standpoint. This review provides updated insights into PCSC plasticity, identifying new PCSC biomarkers and optimized treatments for patients with advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Su
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Jing N, Tao Z, Du X, Wen Z, Gao WQ, Dong B, Fang YX. Targeting SOX4/PCK2 signaling suppresses neuroendocrine trans-differentiation of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Biol Direct 2024; 19:56. [PMID: 39014441 PMCID: PMC11251300 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a lethal subset of prostate cancer (PCa), is characterized by loss of AR signaling and resistance to AR-targeted therapy. While it is well reported that second-generation AR blockers induce neuroendocrine (NE) trans-differentiation of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to promote the occurrence of NEPC, and pluripotent transcription factors might be potential regulators, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We analyzed the data from public databsets to screen candidate genes and then focused on SOX4, a regulator of NE trans-differentiation. The expression changes of SOX4 and its relationship with tumor progression were validated in clinical tumor tissues. We evaluated malignant characteristics related to NEPC in prostate cancer cell lines with stable overexpression or knockdown of SOX4 in vitro. Tumor xenografts were analyzed after inoculating the relevant cell lines into nude mice. RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, non-targeted metabolomics analysis, as well as molecular and biochemical assays were carried out to determine the mechanism. RESULTS We screened public datasets and identified that expression of SOX4 was significantly elevated in NEPC. Overexpressing SOX4 in C4-2B cells increased cell proliferation and migration, upregulated the expression of NE marker genes, and inhibited AR expression. Consistently, inhibition of SOX4 expression in DU-145 and PC-3 cells reduced the above malignant phenotypes and repressed the expression of NE marker genes. For the in vivo assay, we found that knockdown of SOX4 inhibited tumor growth of subcutaneous xenografts in castrated nude mice which were concomitantly treated with enzalutamide (ENZ). Mechanically, we identified that one of the key enzymes in gluconeogenesis, PCK2, was a novel target of SOX4. The activation of carbohydrate metabolism reprogramming by SOX4 could promote NE trans-differentiation via the SOX4/PCK2 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that SOX4 promotes NE trans-differentiation both in vitro and in vivo via directly enhancing PCK2 activity to activate carbohydrate metabolism reprogramming. The SOX4/PCK2 pathway and its downstream changes might be novel targets for blocking NE trans-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhenkeke Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinxing Du
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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3
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Wang J, Yang K, Yang X, Jin T, Tian Y, Dai C, Xu F. HHLA2 promotes hepatoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via SPP1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1275-1287. [PMID: 38578157 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as one of the most malignant tumors characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Emerging evidence underscores the crucial role of the B7 protein family in various cancers, including HCC. However, the involvement of the human endogenous retrovirus H long-terminal repeat-associated protein 2 (HHLA2, or B7-H5) in HCC remains unclear. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the differential expression of HHLA2 between HCC and normal liver tissues. A battery of assays, including CCK8, EdU, tablet clone-forming, Transwell, and wound healing assays, were conducted to elucidate the function and potential mechanisms of HHLA2 in the malignant biological behaviors of HCC. Additionally, a xenograft mouse model was established to evaluate the tumorigenicity of hepatoma cell lines exhibiting different HHLA2 expression levels in vivo. Western blot analysis was used to analyze HHLA2, secretory phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and PI3K/AKT/mTOR levels. HHLA2 exhibited elevated expression in HCC tissues, correlating with poor tumor differentiation and shortened overall survival in HCC patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated that HHLA2 overexpression (OE) promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatoma cells, while in vivo experiments revealed that HHLA2 OE enhanced HCC tumor growth. Conversely, inhibition of HHLA2 expression yielded the opposite effect. Downregulation of SPP1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by HHLA2 OE, and this effect was linked to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that HHLA2 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatoma cells via the SPP1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, establishing it as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianqiang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chaoliu Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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4
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Jing N, Du X, Liang Y, Tao Z, Bao S, Xiao H, Dong B, Gao WQ, Fang YX. PAX6 promotes neuroendocrine phenotypes of prostate cancer via enhancing MET/STAT5A-mediated chromatin accessibility. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:144. [PMID: 38745318 PMCID: PMC11094950 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal subset of prostate cancer which is characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation and loss of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Growing evidence reveals that cell lineage plasticity is crucial in the failure of NEPC therapies. Although studies suggest the involvement of the neural transcription factor PAX6 in drug resistance, its specific role in NEPC remains unclear. METHODS The expression of PAX6 in NEPC was identified via bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry. CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, tumorsphere formation assay and apoptosis assay were used to illustrate the key role of PAX6 in the progression of in vitro. ChIP and Dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the binding sequences of AR in the promoter region of PAX6, as well as the binding sequences of PAX6 in the promoter regions of STAT5A and MET. For in vivo validation, the xenograft model representing NEPC subtype underwent pathological analysis to verify the significant role of PAX6 in disease progression. Complementary diagnoses were established through public clinical datasets and transcriptome sequencing of specific cell lines. ATAC-seq was used to detect the chromatin accessibility of specific cell lines. RESULTS PAX6 expression was significantly elevated in NEPC and negatively regulated by AR signaling. Activation of PAX6 in non-NEPC cells led to NE trans-differentiation, while knock-down of PAX6 in NEPC cells inhibited the development and progression of NEPC. Importantly, loss of AR resulted in an enhanced expression of PAX6, which reprogramed the lineage plasticity of prostate cancer cells to develop NE phenotypes through the MET/STAT5A signaling pathway. Through ATAC-seq, we found that a high expression level of PAX6 elicited enhanced chromatin accessibility, mainly through attenuation of H4K20me3, which typically causes chromatin silence in cancer cells. CONCLUSION This study reveals a novel neural transcription factor PAX6 could drive NEPC progression and suggest that it might serve as a potential therapeutic target for the management of NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Med-X Research Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xinxing Du
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - ZhenKeke Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shijia Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huixiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Med-X Research Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Zhao G, Forn-Cuní G, Scheers M, Lindenbergh PP, Yin J, van Loosen Q, Passarini L, Chen L, Snaar-Jagalska BE. Simultaneous targeting of AMPK and mTOR is a novel therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216657. [PMID: 38336289 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic colonization by circulating cancer cells is a highly inefficient process. To colonize distant organs, disseminating cancer cells must overcome many obstacles in foreign microenvironments, and only a small fraction of them survives this process. How these disseminating cancer cells cope with stress and initiate metastatic process is not fully understood. In this study, we report that the metastatic onset of prostate cancer cells is associated with the dynamic conversion of metabolism signaling pathways governed by the energy sensors AMPK and mTOR. While in circulation in blood flow, the disseminating cancer cells display decreased mTOR and increased AMPK activities that protect them from stress-induced death. However, after metastatic onset, the mTOR-AMPK activities are reversed, enabling mTOR-dependent tumor growth. Suppression of this dynamic conversion by co-targeting of AMPK and mTOR signaling significantly suppresses prostate cancer cell and tumor organoid growth in vitro and experimental metastasis in vivo, suggesting that this can be a therapeutic approach against metastasizing prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangyin Zhao
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Forn-Cuní
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marvin Scheers
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jie Yin
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Quint van Loosen
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Passarini
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lanpeng Chen
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B Ewa Snaar-Jagalska
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Zhang S, Li M, Qiu Y, Wu J, Xu X, Ma Q, Zheng Z, Lu G, Deng Z, Huang H. Enhanced VEGF secretion and blood-brain barrier disruption: Radiation-mediated inhibition of astrocyte autophagy via PI3K-AKT pathway activation. Glia 2024; 72:568-587. [PMID: 38009296 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the recognized pathological basis of radiation-induced brain injury (RBI), a side effect of head and neck cancer treatments. There is currently a lack of therapeutic approaches for RBI due to the ambiguity of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, it is essential to identify these mechanisms in order to prevent RBI or provide early interventions. One crucial factor contributing to BBB disruption is the radiation-induced activation of astrocytes and oversecretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mechanistically, the PI3K-AKT pathway can inhibit cellular autophagy, leading to pathological cell aggregation. Moreover, it acts as an upstream pathway of VEGF. In this study, we observed the upregulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in irradiated cultured astrocytes through bioinformatics analysis, we then validated these findings in animal brains and in vitro astrocytes following radiation exposure. Additionally, we also found the inhibition of autophagy and the oversecretion of VEGF in irradiated astrocytes. By inhibiting the PI3K-AKT pathway or promoting cellular autophagy, we observed a significant amelioration of the inhibitory effect on autophagy, leading to reductions in VEGF oversecretion and BBB disruption. In conclusion, our study suggests that radiation can inhibit autophagy and promote VEGF oversecretion by upregulating the PI3K-AKT pathway in astrocytes. Blocking the PI3K pathway can alleviate both of these effects, thereby mitigating damage to the BBB in patients undergoing radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingping Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengxin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhezhi Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
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Sarfraz M, Abida, Eltaib L, Asdaq SMB, Guetat A, Alzahrani AK, Alanazi SS, Aaghaz S, Singla N, Imran M. Overcoming chemoresistance and radio resistance in prostate cancer: The emergent role of non-coding RNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155179. [PMID: 38320439 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a major health concern worldwide, with its resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy presenting major hurdles in successful treatment. While patients with localized prostate cancer generally have a good survival rate, those with metastatic prostate cancer often face a grim prognosis, even with aggressive treatments using various methods. The high mortality rate in severe cases is largely due to the lack of treatment options that can offer lasting results, especially considering the significant genetic diversity found in tumors at the genomic level. This comprehensive review examines the intricate molecular mechanisms governing resistance in PCa, emphasising the pivotal contributions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). We delve into the diverse roles of microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and other non-coding elements as critical regulators of key cellular processes involved in CR & RR. The review emphasizes the diagnostic potential of ncRNAs as predictive biomarkers for treatment response, offering insights into patient stratification and personalized therapeutic approaches. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic implications of targeting ncRNAs to overcome CR & RR, highlighting innovative strategies to restore treatment sensitivity. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review not only provides a comprehension of the chemical basis of resistance in PCa but also identifies gaps in knowledge, paving the way for future research directions. Ultimately, this exploration of ncRNA perspectives offers a roadmap for advancing precision medicine in PCa, potentially transforming therapeutic paradigms and improving outcomes for patients facing the challenges of treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Eltaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Arbi Guetat
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Khuzaim Alzahrani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Applied Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shams Aaghaz
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Neelam Singla
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.
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Almatroodi SA, Almatroudi A, Alharbi HOA, Khan AA, Rahmani AH. Effects and Mechanisms of Luteolin, a Plant-Based Flavonoid, in the Prevention of Cancers via Modulation of Inflammation and Cell Signaling Molecules. Molecules 2024; 29:1093. [PMID: 38474604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavonoid, is mainly found in various vegetables and fruits, including carrots, cabbages, onions, parsley, apples, broccoli, and peppers. Extensive research in vivo and in vitro has been performed to explore its role in disease prevention and treatment. Moreover, this compound possesses the ability to combat cancer by modulating cell-signaling pathways across various types of cancer. The studies have confirmed that luteolin can inhibit cancer-cell survival and proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, mTOR/PI3K/Akt, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, and cell-cycle arrest, and induce apoptosis. Further, scientific evidence describes that this compound plays a vital role in the up/down-regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer therapy. This review aims to outline the anti-cancer mechanisms of this compound and its molecular targets. However, a knowledge gap remains regarding the studies on its safety and efficacy and clinical trials. Therefore, it is essential to conduct more research based on safety, efficacy, and clinical trials to explore the beneficial role of this compound in disease management, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajed Obaid A Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Giordano F, Comità S, Venneri G, Rago V, Naimo GD, De Amicis F, De Bartolo A, Tundis R, Mauro L, Panno ML. Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. Seed Extract Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in the Androgen Receptor Positive LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16351. [PMID: 38003541 PMCID: PMC10671002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer. Its incidence derives from the interaction between modifiable and non-modifiable factors. The progression of prostate cancer into a more aggressive phenotype is associated with chronic inflammation and increased ROS production. For their biological properties, some phytochemicals from fruits and vegetable emerge as a promise strategy for cancer progression delay. These bioactive compounds are found in the highest amounts in peels and seeds. Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. (PT) has been widely used in traditional medicine and retains anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anticancer effects. The seeds of P. trifoliata were exhaustively extracted by maceration with methanol as the solvent. The cell proliferation rate was performed by MTT and flow cytometry, while the apoptosis signals were analyzed by Western blotting and TUNEL assay. P. trifoliata seed extract reduced LNCaP and PC3 cell viability and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1phase and apoptosis. In addition, a reduction in the AKT/mTOR pathway has been observed together with the up-regulation of stress-activated MAPK (p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase). Based on the study, the anti-growth effects of PT seed extract on prostate tumor cells give indications on the potential of the phytochemical drug for the treatment of this type of cancer. However, future in-depth studies are necessary to identify which components are mainly responsible for the anti-neoplastic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.C.); (G.V.); (V.R.); (G.D.N.); (F.D.A.); (R.T.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Stefano Comità
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.C.); (G.V.); (V.R.); (G.D.N.); (F.D.A.); (R.T.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Giulia Venneri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.C.); (G.V.); (V.R.); (G.D.N.); (F.D.A.); (R.T.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.C.); (G.V.); (V.R.); (G.D.N.); (F.D.A.); (R.T.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.C.); (G.V.); (V.R.); (G.D.N.); (F.D.A.); (R.T.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.C.); (G.V.); (V.R.); (G.D.N.); (F.D.A.); (R.T.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Anna De Bartolo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.C.); (G.V.); (V.R.); (G.D.N.); (F.D.A.); (R.T.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Loredana Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.C.); (G.V.); (V.R.); (G.D.N.); (F.D.A.); (R.T.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Maria Luisa Panno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.C.); (G.V.); (V.R.); (G.D.N.); (F.D.A.); (R.T.); (M.L.P.)
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10
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Gao D, Wang P, Zhi L, Sun S, Qiu X, Liu Y. Expression of TMEM59L associated with radiosensitive in glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:833-841. [PMID: 37439405 PMCID: PMC10516732 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the cornerstone of the glioblastoma treatment paradigm. However, the resistance of tumor cells to radiation results in poor survival. The mechanism of radioresistance has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to screen the differential expressed genes related with radiosensitivity. The differentially expressed genes were screened based on RNA sequencing in 15 pairs of primary and recurrent glioblastoma that have undergone radiotherapy. Candidate genes were validated in 226 primary and 134 recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) obtained from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database. RNA and protein expression were verified by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot in irradiated GBM cell lines. The candidate gene was investigated to explore the relationship between mRNA levels and clinical characteristics in the CGGA and The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used for survival analysis. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were used for bioinformatics analysis. Four genes (TMEM59L, Gelsolin, ZBTB7A and ATX) were screened. TMEM59L expression was significantly elevated in recurrent glioblastoma and lower in normal brain tissue. We selected TMEM59L as the target gene for further study. The increasing of TMEM59L expression induced by radiation was confirmed by mRNA and western blot in irradiated GBM cell. Further investigation revealed that high expression of TMEM59L was enriched in IDH mutant and MGMT methylated gliomas and associated with a better prognosis. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that TMEM59L was closely related to the DNA damage repair and oxidative stress respond process. We speculated that the high expression of TMEM59L might enhance radiotherapy sensitivity by increasing ROS-induced DNA damage and inhibiting DNA damage repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Gao
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Gamma-Knife Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Lin Zhi
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Shibin Sun
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Gamma-Knife Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
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11
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Imamura J, Ganguly S, Muskara A, Liao RS, Nguyen JK, Weight C, Wee CE, Gupta S, Mian OY. Lineage plasticity and treatment resistance in prostate cancer: the intersection of genetics, epigenetics, and evolution. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191311. [PMID: 37455903 PMCID: PMC10349394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is a cornerstone of treatment for advanced prostate cancer, and the development of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the primary cause of prostate cancer-related mortality. While CRPC typically develops through a gain in androgen receptor (AR) signaling, a subset of CRPC will lose reliance on the AR. This process involves genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal changes that promote cellular plasticity, leading to AR-indifferent disease, with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) being the quintessential example. NEPC is enriched following treatment with second-generation anti-androgens and exhibits resistance to endocrine therapy. Loss of RB1, TP53, and PTEN expression and MYCN and AURKA amplification appear to be key drivers for NEPC differentiation. Epigenetic modifications also play an important role in the transition to a neuroendocrine phenotype. DNA methylation of specific gene promoters can regulate lineage commitment and differentiation. Histone methylation can suppress AR expression and promote neuroendocrine-specific gene expression. Emerging data suggest that EZH2 is a key regulator of this epigenetic rewiring. Several mechanisms drive AR-dependent castration resistance, notably AR splice variant expression, expression of the adrenal-permissive 3βHSD1 allele, and glucocorticoid receptor expression. Aberrant epigenetic regulation also promotes radioresistance by altering the expression of DNA repair- and cell cycle-related genes. Novel therapies are currently being developed to target these diverse genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal mechanisms promoting lineage plasticity-driven NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrell Imamura
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shinjini Ganguly
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andrew Muskara
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ross S. Liao
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jane K. Nguyen
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher Weight
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher E. Wee
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Omar Y. Mian
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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12
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Lu JH, Chueh KS, Juan TJ, Mao JW, Lin RJ, Lee YC, Shen MC, Sun TW, Lin HY, Juan YS. Effects of Therapeutic Platelet-Rich Plasma on Overactive Bladder via Modulating Hyaluronan Synthesis in Ovariectomized Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098242. [PMID: 37175945 PMCID: PMC10179536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women who have ovary hormone deficiency (OHD) may experience urological dysfunctions, such as overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. This study used a female Sprague Dawley rat model that underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) to simulate post-menopause in humans. The rats were treated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or platelet-poor plasma (PPP) after 12 months of OVX to investigate the therapeutic effects of PRP on OHD-induced OAB. The OVX-treated rats exhibited a decrease in the expression of urothelial barrier-associated proteins, altered hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan; HA) production, and exacerbated bladder pathological damage and interstitial fibrosis through NFƘB/COX-2 signaling pathways, which may contribute to OAB. In contrast, PRP instillation for four weeks regulated the inflammatory fibrotic biosynthesis, promoted cell proliferation and matrix synthesis of stroma, enhanced mucosal regeneration, and improved urothelial mucosa to alleviate OHD-induced bladder hyperactivity. PRP could release growth factors to promote angiogenic potential for bladder repair through laminin/integrin-α6 and VEGF/VEGF receptor signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of OHD-induced OAB. Furthermore, PRP enhanced the expression of HA receptors and hyaluronan synthases (HAS), reduced hyaluronidases (HYALs), modulated the fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, and increased angiogenesis and matrix synthesis via the PI3K/AKT/m-TOR pathway, resulting in bladder remodeling and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-He Lu
- Center for Agricultural, Forestry, Fishery, Livestock and Aquaculture Carbon Emission Inventory and Emerging Compounds, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Shun Chueh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801735, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Jui Juan
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Wen Mao
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jyh Lin
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Shen
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840301, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shun Juan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Cancer, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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13
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Al Salhi Y, Sequi MB, Valenzi FM, Fuschi A, Martoccia A, Suraci PP, Carbone A, Tema G, Lombardo R, Cicione A, Pastore AL, De Nunzio C. Cancer Stem Cells and Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097746. [PMID: 37175453 PMCID: PMC10178135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small and elusive subpopulation of self-renewing cancer cells with the remarkable ability to initiate, propagate, and spread malignant disease. In the past years, several authors have focused on the possible role of CSCs in PCa development and progression. PCa CSCs typically originate from a luminal prostate cell. Three main pathways are involved in the CSC development, including the Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways. Studies have observed an important role for epithelial mesenchymal transition in this process as well as for some specific miRNA. These studies led to the development of studies targeting these specific pathways to improve the management of PCa development and progression. CSCs in prostate cancer represent an actual and promising field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Al Salhi
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Manfredi Bruno Sequi
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Fabio Maria Valenzi
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Andrea Fuschi
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Alessia Martoccia
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Paolo Pietro Suraci
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Antonio Carbone
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Tema
- Urology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lombardo
- Urology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cicione
- Urology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Luigi Pastore
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Cosimo De Nunzio
- Urology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
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14
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Zhang H, Zheng J, Fu Y, Ling J, Liu Z, Lin X, Dong X, Sun Y, Tan T, Guo Z, Xie G. Overexpression of POU3F2 promotes radioresistance in triple-negative breast cancer via Akt pathway activation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 198:437-446. [PMID: 36797433 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE POU3F2 is associated with malignant behaviors and poor prognosis in cancer. However, the function and mechanism of POU3F2 in breast cancer remain to be elucidated. Our study aimed to explore the role of POU3F2 in triple-negative breast cancer and radiotherapy. METHODS POU3F2 expression was examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation of cancer cells was measured by MTT assay. Migration of cancer cells was determined by Transwell assay and wound healing assay. To determine which protein interacts with POU3F2, Co-IP was performed. Survival analysis was performed based on the online database GEPIA. DNA damage after radiation was examined by Comet Assay. Radiosensitivity was evaluated with clonogenic survival assays. A tumor xenograft model was established with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in BALB/c nude mice to explore the effect of POU3F2 in vivo. RESULTS We found that the expression of POU3F2 was significantly elevated in breast cancer cells, especially in TNBC, and higher POU3F2 expression was related to poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Functional assays revealed that POU3F2 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the knockdown of POU3F2 decreased the radioresistance of TNBC cells in vitro. Furthermore, POU3F2 could enhance the activation of the Akt pathway by interacting with ARNT2, thereby promoting proliferation and radioresistance in TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that high expression of POU3F2 promotes radioresistance in triple-negative breast cancer via Akt pathway activation by interacting with ARNT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jieling Zheng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yiming Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - ZiShen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaotong Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yao Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tingting Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhaoze Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Guozhu Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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15
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Li W, Yan J, Tian H, Li B, Wang G, Sang W, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Dai Y. A platinum@polymer-catechol nanobraker enables radio-immunotherapy for crippling melanoma tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and radioresistance. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:34-46. [PMID: 36203954 PMCID: PMC9513621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Bei Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Guohao Wang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Wei Sang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- Corresponding author. Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
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16
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Kuwahara Y, Tomita K, Habibi Roudkenar M, Mohammadi Roushandeh A, Sato T, Kurimasa A. The reversibility of cancer radioresistance: a novel potential way to identify factors contributing to tumor radioresistance. Hum Cell 2023; 36:963-971. [PMID: 36745313 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for radioresistance in cancer cells, we previously established clinically relevant radioresistant (CRR) cell lines from several human cancer cell lines. These CRR cells proliferate even under exposure to 2 Gy/day of X-rays for more than 30 days, which is a standard protocol for tumor radiotherapy. CRR cells received 2 Gy/day of X-rays to maintain their radioresistance (maintenance irradiation; MI). Interestingly, CRR cells that did not receive MI for more than a year lost their radioresistance, indicating that radiation-induced radioresistance is reversible. We designated these CRR-NoIR cells. Karyotyping of the parental and CRR cells revealed that the chromosomal composition of CRR cells is quite different from that of the parental cells. However, CRR and CRR-NoIR cells were more similar compared with the parental cells because CRR cells repair X-ray-induced DNA damage with higher fidelity. To identify the factor(s) involved in tumor radioresistance, previously published studies including ours have compared radioresistant cells to parental cells. In this review, we conclude that a comparison between CRR and CRR-NoIR cells, rather than parental cells, is the best way to identify factors involved in tumor radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.,Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.,Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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17
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Manunu B, Serafin AM, Akudugu JM. BAG1, MGMT, FOXO1, and DNAJA1 as potential drug targets for radiosensitizing cancer cell lines. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:292-307. [PMID: 35511481 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2074164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Activation of some signaling pathways can promote cell survival and have a negative impact on tumor response to radiotherapy. Here, the role of differences in expression levels of genes related to the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways in the survival or death of cells following X-ray exposure was investigated. METHODS Eight human cell cultures (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231: breast cancers; MCF-12A: apparently normal breast; A549: lung cancer; L132: normal lung; G28, G44 and G112: glial cancers) were irradiated with X-rays. The colony-forming and real-time PCR based on a custom human pathway RT2 Profiler PCR Array assays were used to evaluate cell survival and gene expression, respectively. RESULTS The surviving fractions at 2 Gy for the cell lines, in order of increasing radioresistance, were found to be as follows: MCF-7 (0.200 ± 0.011), G44 (0.277 ± 0.065), L132 (0.367 ± 0.023), MDA-MB-231 (0.391 ± 0.057), G112 (0.397 ± 0.113), A549 (0.490 ± 0.048), MCF-12A (0.526 ± 0.004), and G28 (0.633 ± 0.094). The rank order of radioresistance at 6 Gy was: MCF-7 < L132 < G44 < MDA-MB-231 < A549 < G28 < G112 < MCF-12A. PCR array data analysis revealed that several genes were differentially expressed between irradiated and unirradiated cell cultures. The following genes, with fold changes: BCL2A1 (21.91), TP53 (8743.75), RAD51 (11.66), FOX1 (65.86), TCP1 (141.32), DNAJB1 (3283.64), RAD51 (51.52), and HSPE1 (12887.29) were highly overexpressed, and BAX (-127.21), FOX1 (-81.79), PDPK1 (-1241.78), BRCA1 (-8.70), MLH1 (-12143.95), BCL2 (-18.69), CCND1 (-46475.98), and GJA1 (-2832.70) were highly underexpressed in the MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, MCF-12A, A549, L132, G28, G44, and G112 cell lines, respectively. The radioresistance in the malignant A549 and G28 cells was linked to upregulation in the apoptotic, DNA repair, PI3K, and Hsp90 pathway genes BAG1, MGMT, FOXO1, and DNAJA1, respectively, and inhibition of these genes resulted in significant radiosensitization. CONCLUSIONS Targeting BAG1, MGMT, FOXO1, and DNAJA1 with specific inhibitors might effectively sensitize radioresistant tumors to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayanika Manunu
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Antonio M Serafin
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - John M Akudugu
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Ye X, Liu J, Quan R, Lu Y, Zhang J. DKK1 affects survival of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by inducing resistance to radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2023; 181:109485. [PMID: 36690301 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved to treat various types of tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). However, most HNSC patients do not respond to ICIs. Radioimmunotherapy has been proposed to enhance the immune response rate in HNSC. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a secreted protein, plays important roles in the Wnt signaling pathways. Herein, we aimed to explore the effect of DKK1 on radioimmunotherapy in HNSC. METHODS We collected the gene expression profile and clinical information of HNSC patients from TCGA and GEO databases. The immune cell infiltration and immune score were assessed using R package CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE. The level of related pathways and biological processes were analyzed by GSEA. The signature scores of gene sets of interest were calculated by GSVA. We also performed cell viability and apoptosis assay, and clonogenic assay to investigate the radiation sensitivity of HSC-3 cells and CNE-2 cells after silencing DKK1 by siRNA. RESULTS We found DKK1 was significantly higher expressed in HNSC, and closely correlated with patients' survival time, especially the patients who received radiotherapy. DKK1-knockdown HSC-3 cells or CNE-2 cells showed a decrease in cell viability and colony formation, and an increase in apoptotic rate after radiation. DKK1high tumors showed a more immunosuppressive microenvironment with lower infiltration of T cells and higher infiltration of marrow-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). CONCLUSION Our data show that DKK1 can affect both radiotherapy and immunotherapy in HNSC, suggesting that DKK1 can be a potential target for radioimmunology in HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ye
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rencui Quan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Deng H, Chen Y, Li P, Hang Q, Zhang P, Jin Y, Chen M. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, hypoxia, and glucose metabolism: Potential targets to overcome radioresistance in small cell lung cancer. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:56-66. [PMID: 38328610 PMCID: PMC10846321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive tumor type for which limited therapeutic progress has been made. Platinum-based chemotherapy with or without thoracic radiotherapy remains the backbone of treatment, but most patients with SCLC acquire therapeutic resistance. Given the need for more effective therapies, better elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of SCLC is imperative. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently activated in SCLC and strongly associated with resistance to ionizing radiation in many solid tumors. This pathway is an important regulator of cancer cell glucose metabolism, and its activation probably effects radioresistance by influencing bioenergetic processes in SCLC. Glucose metabolism has three main branches-aerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the pentose phosphate pathway-involved in radioresistance. The interaction between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and glucose metabolism is largely mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway also influences glucose metabolism through other mechanisms to participate in radioresistance, including inhibiting the ubiquitination of rate-limiting enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway. This review summarizes our understanding of links among the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, hypoxia, and glucose metabolism in SCLC radioresistance and highlights promising research directions to promote cancer cell death and improve the clinical outcome of patients with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yamei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Peijing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Qingqing Hang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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20
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Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway as a Radiosensitization in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415749. [PMID: 36555391 PMCID: PMC9778923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, there are over half a million new patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) every year. The current therapeutic approaches to HNSCC are surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. These approaches carry a high incidence of metastasis or recurrence from HNSCC cells' radioresistance. Recent studies have revealed that a combination with radiosensitizers can be used to improve the radioresistance in HNSCC; however, few agents are approved as radiosensitizers. The constitutive activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a vitally oncogenic type of signaling that promotes tumorigenesis, metastasis, and radiotherapy resistance in HNSCC. Pharmacological targeting of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is considered a promising strategy of radiosensitization in HNSCC. In this review, we summarize the oncogenic significance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in HNSCC with radiotherapy resistance and highlight the therapeutic potential of small molecule inhibitors against PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling for the radiosensitization in HNSCC treatment. It provides a mechanistic framework for the development of new drugs for radiosensitization in HNSCC radiotherapy via targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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21
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Parupathi P, Campanelli G, Deabel RA, Puaar A, Devarakonda LS, Kumar A, Levenson AS. Gnetin C Intercepts MTA1-Associated Neoplastic Progression in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246038. [PMID: 36551523 PMCID: PMC9775406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional chemoprevention is particularly suitable for prostate cancer. Gnetin C, a resveratrol dimer found abundantly in the melinjo plant (Gnetum gnemon), may possess more potent biological properties compared to other stilbenes. We examined the effects of gnetin C in a high-risk premalignant transgenic mouse model overexpressing tumor-promoting metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) on the background of Pten heterozygosity (R26MTA1; Pten+/f; Pb-Cre+). Mice were fed diets supplemented with the following compounds: pterostilbene (70 mg/kg diet); gnetin C, high dose (70 mg/kg diet); and gnetin C, low dose (35 mg/kg diet). Prostate tissues were isolated after 17 weeks and examined for histopathology and molecular markers. Serum was analyzed for cytokine expression. Gnetin C-supplemented diets substantially delayed the progression of preneoplastic lesions compared to other groups. Prostate tissues from gnetin C-fed mice showed favorable histopathology, with decreased severity and number of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) foci, reduced proliferation, and angiogenesis. A decreased level of MTA1, concurrent with the trend of increasing phosphatase and tensin homolog expression and reduced interleukin 2 (IL-2) levels in sera, were also detected in gnetin C-fed mice. Importantly, gnetin C did not exert any visible toxicity in mice. Our findings demonstrate that a gnetin C-supplemented diet effectively blocks MTA1-promoted tumor progression activity in high-risk premalignant prostate cancer, which indicates its potential as a novel form of nutritional interception for prostate cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Parupathi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Gisella Campanelli
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Rabab Al Deabel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Professions and Nursing, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA
| | - Anand Puaar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Lakshmi Sirisha Devarakonda
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Anait S. Levenson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA
- Correspondence:
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22
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Shen W, Yu Q, Pu Y, Xing C. Upregulation of Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 in Colorectal Cancer Promotes Radioresistance and Aggressive Malignance. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:8365-8380. [PMID: 36465270 PMCID: PMC9717691 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s393270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a conserved transcript with 8000 nt, is highly associated with malignancy of numerous cancer types. However, the function of MALAT1 plays in regulating the response to radiotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Thus, the object of this study is to investigate the functions of MALAT1 in CRC radioresistance. METHODS First, the expression of MALAT1 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) was analyzed through the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, we detected the expression level of MALAT1 in tumor tissues and CRC cell lines and analyzed the relevance of MALAT1 and clinicopathological parameters. In the end, the effect of silencing MALAT1 on the radiosensitivity of CRC cells was investigated, and its potential mechanism was preliminarily illustrated. RESULTS The analysis of TCGA data showed that MALAT1 was closely related to the type of tumor, and high expression of MALAT1 was remarkably relevant to poor outcome. MALAT1 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines and related to tumor stages. Knockdown of MALAT1 could significantly suppress colony survival, proliferation, and migration and increase apoptosis, G2/M phase arrest, and formation of gamma-H2AX foci in HCT116, whether in combination with X-rays or not. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis demonstrated that the regulated proteins were principally enriched in the glycosaminoglycan degradation pathway after silencing MALAT1. CONCLUSION Our results implied that MALAT1 was highly expressed in CRC and associated with tumor stage and prognosis. Silencing MALAT1 can increase HCT116 cell radiosensitivity, which may be potentially influenced by glycosaminoglycan degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Minematsu H, Afify SM, Sugihara Y, Hassan G, Zahra MH, Seno A, Adachi M, Seno M. Cancer stem cells induced by chronic stimulation with prostaglandin E2 exhibited constitutively activated PI3K axis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15628. [PMID: 36115905 PMCID: PMC9482612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, our group has demonstrated establishment of Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) models from stem cells in the presence of conditioned medium of cancer cell lines. In this study, we tried to identify the factors responsible for the induction of CSCs. Since we found the lipid composition could be traced to arachidonic acid cascade in the CSC model, we assessed prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a candidate for the ability to induce CSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Mouse iPSCs acquired the characteristics of CSCs in the presence of 10 ng/mL of PGE2 after 4 weeks. Since constitutive Akt activation and pik3cg overexpression were found in the resultant CSCs, of which growth was found independent of PGE2, chronic stimulation of the receptors EP-2/4 by PGE2 was supposed to induce CSCs from iPSCs through epigenetic effect. The bioinformatics analysis of the next generation sequence data of the obtained CSCs proposed not only receptor tyrosine kinase activation by growth factors but also extracellular matrix and focal adhesion enhanced PI3K pathway. Collectively, chronic stimulation of stem cells with PGE2 was implied responsible for cancer initiation enhancing PI3K/Akt axis.
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24
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Sutera P, Deek MP, Van der Eecken K, Wyatt AW, Kishan AU, Molitoris JK, Ferris MJ, Minhaj Siddiqui M, Rana Z, Mishra MV, Kwok Y, Davicioni E, Spratt DE, Ost P, Feng FY, Tran PT. Genomic biomarkers to guide precision radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82 Suppl 1:S73-S85. [PMID: 35657158 PMCID: PMC9202472 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our ability to prognosticate the clinical course of patients with cancer has historically been limited to clinical, histopathological, and radiographic features. It has long been clear however, that these data alone do not adequately capture the heterogeneity and breadth of disease trajectories experienced by patients. The advent of efficient genomic sequencing has led to a revolution in cancer care as we try to understand and personalize treatment specific to patient clinico-genomic phenotypes. Within prostate cancer, emerging evidence suggests that tumor genomics (e.g., DNA, RNA, and epigenetics) can be utilized to inform clinical decision making. In addition to providing discriminatory information about prognosis, it is likely tumor genomics also hold a key in predicting response to oncologic therapies which could be used to further tailor treatment recommendations. Herein we review select literature surrounding the use of tumor genomics within the management of prostate cancer, specifically leaning toward analytically validated and clinically tested genomic biomarkers utilized in radiotherapy and/or adjunctive therapies given with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sutera
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P. Deek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kim Van der Eecken
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander W. Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amar U. Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason K. Molitoris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J. Ferris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M. Minhaj Siddiqui
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaker Rana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark V. Mishra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Young Kwok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniel E. Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Network, Antwerp, Belgium and Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medicine and Urology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phuoc T. Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhang YF, Meng LB, Hao ML, Li XY, Zou T. CXCR4 and TYROBP mediate the development of atrial fibrillation via inflammation. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3557-3567. [PMID: 35607269 PMCID: PMC9189330 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rapid supraventricular arrhythmia. However, the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation remains controversial. We obtained transcriptome expression profiles GSE41177, GSE115574 and GSE79768 from GEO database. WGCNA was performed, DEGs were screened, PPI network was constructed using STRING database. CTD database was used to identify the reference score of hub genes associated with cardiovascular diseases. Prediction of miRNAs of hub genes was performed by TargetScan. DIANA‐miRPath v3.0 was applied to make functional annotation of miRNA. The animal model of atrial fibrillation was constructed, RT‐PCR was used to verify the expression of hub genes. Immunofluorescence assay for THBS2 and VCAN was made to identify molecular. Design of BP neural network was made to explore the prediction relationship of CXCR4 and TYROBP on AF. The merged datasets contained 104 up‐regulated and 34 down‐regulated genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis results of DEGs showed they were mainly enriched in ‘regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol’, ‘actin cytoskeleton organization’ and ‘focal adhesion’. The hub genes were CXCR4, SNAI2, S100A4, IGFBP3, CSNK2A1, CHGB, VCAN, APOE, C1QC and TYROBP, which were up‐regulated expression in the AF compared with control tissues. There was strong correlation among the CXCR4, TYROBP and AF based on the BP neural network. Through training, best training performance is 9.6474e‐05 at epoch 14, and the relativity was 0.99998. CXCR4 and TYROBP might be involved in the development of atrial fibrillation by affecting inflammation‐related signalling pathways and may serve as targets for early diagnosis and preventive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Bing Meng
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Lei Hao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xing-Yu Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Resurreccion EP, Fong KW. The Integration of Metabolomics with Other Omics: Insights into Understanding Prostate Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060488. [PMID: 35736421 PMCID: PMC9230859 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of prostate cancer (PCa) has shifted from solely caused by a few genetic aberrations to a combination of complex biochemical dysregulations with the prostate metabolome at its core. The role of metabolomics in analyzing the pathophysiology of PCa is indispensable. However, to fully elucidate real-time complex dysregulation in prostate cells, an integrated approach based on metabolomics and other omics is warranted. Individually, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics are robust, but they are not enough to achieve a holistic view of PCa tumorigenesis. This review is the first of its kind to focus solely on the integration of metabolomics with multi-omic platforms in PCa research, including a detailed emphasis on the metabolomic profile of PCa. The authors intend to provide researchers in the field with a comprehensive knowledge base in PCa metabolomics and offer perspectives on overcoming limitations of the tool to guide future point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazer P. Resurreccion
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Ka-wing Fong
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-859-562-3455
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Integrative Analyses of Antler Cartilage Transcriptome and Proteome of Gansu Red Deer (Cervus elaphus kansuensis) at Different Growth Stages. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070934. [PMID: 35405922 PMCID: PMC8997108 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Velvet antler is the only organ in mammals that can completely and circularly regenerate, which involves the co-development of a variety of tissues including cartilage. Thus, velvet antler can provide an ideal model for studying chondrogenesis, endochondral ossification and rapid tissue growth. However, the mechanism of rapid growth and regeneration of velvet antler is still unclear. In this study, we conducted integrated analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of antler cartilage tissues at different growth stages. The results showed that gene13546 and its coding protein rna13546 were annotated in Wnt signaling pathway. They may play roles in antler rapid growth and regeneration. Abstract The velvet antler is a unique model for cancer and regeneration research due to its periodic regeneration and rapid growth. Antler growth is mainly triggered by the growth center located in its tip, which consists of velvet skin, mesenchyme and cartilage. Among them, cartilage accounts for most of the growth center. We performed an integrative analysis of the antler cartilage transcriptome and proteome at different antler growth stages. RNA-seq results revealed 24,778 unigenes, 19,243 known protein-coding genes, and 5535 new predicted genes. Of these, 2722 were detected with differential expression patterns among 30 d, 60 d, and 90 d libraries, and 488 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened at 30 d vs. 60 d and 60 d vs. 90 d but not at 30 d vs. 90 d. Proteomic data identified 1361 known proteins and 179 predicted novel proteins. Comparative analyses showed 382 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), of which 16 had differential expression levels at 30 d vs. 60 d and 60 d vs. 90 d but not at 30 d vs. 90 d. An integrated analysis conducted for DEGs and DEPs showed that gene13546 and its coding protein protein13546 annotated in the Wnt signaling pathway may possess important bio-logical functions in rapid antler growth. This study provides in-depth characterization of candidate genes and proteins, providing further insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling antler development.
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28
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Eke I, Aryankalayil MJ, Bylicky MA, Makinde AY, Liotta L, Calvert V, Petricoin EF, Graves EE, Coleman CN. Radiotherapy alters expression of molecular targets in prostate cancer in a fractionation- and time-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3500. [PMID: 35241721 PMCID: PMC8894377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of molecular targeted therapy depends on expression and enzymatic activity of the target molecules. As radiotherapy modulates gene expression and protein phosphorylation dependent on dose and fractionation, we analyzed the long-term effects of irradiation on the post-radiation efficacy of molecular targeted drugs. We irradiated prostate cancer cells either with a single dose (SD) of 10 Gy x-ray or a multifractionated (MF) regimen with 10 fractions of 1 Gy. Whole genome arrays and reverse phase protein microarrays were used to determine gene expression and protein phosphorylation. Additionally, we evaluated radiation-induced pathway activation with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. To measure cell survival and sensitivity to clinically used molecular targeted drugs, we performed colony formation assays. We found increased activation of several pathways regulating important cell functions such as cell migration and cell survival at 24 h after MF irradiation or at 2 months after SD irradiation. Further, cells which survived a SD of 10 Gy showed a long-term upregulation and increased activity of multiple molecular targets including AKT, IGF-1R, VEGFR2, or MET, while HDAC expression was decreased. In line with this, 10 Gy SD cells were more sensitive to target inhibition with Capivasertib or Ipatasertib (AKTi), BMS-754807 (IGF-1Ri), or Foretinib (VEGFR2/METi), but less sensitive to Panobinostat or Vorinostat (HDACi). In summary, understanding the molecular short- and long-term changes after irradiation can aid in optimizing the efficacy of multimodal radiation oncology in combination with post-irradiation molecularly-targeted drug treatment and improving the outcome of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Eke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research (CCSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr., Room 1260, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michelle A Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adeola Y Makinde
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Valerie Calvert
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research (CCSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr., Room 1260, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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29
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Liu G, Yang S, Liu Y, Xu Y, Qiu H, Sun J, Song J, Shi L. The adenosine-A2a receptor regulates the radioresistance of gastric cancer via PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:911-920. [PMID: 35122587 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is a key strategy in gastric cancer (GC) treatment. However, radioresistance remains a serious concern. It is unclear whether the accumulation of adenosine A2a receptor (ADO-A2aR) is related to radioresistance in GC. In this study, the molecular role of ADO-A2aR in GC radioresistance was investigated. METHODS Colony formation assays were used to assess the role of ADO-A2aR on radioresistance. GC stem cell surface marker expression (including Nanog, OCT-4, SOX-2 and CD44) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway associated protein levels (including phosphorylated PI3K, phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated mTOR) were determined via western blotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. In addition, the role of ADO-A2aR on radioresistance was explored in vivo using murine xenograft models. RESULTS ADO-A2aR regulated GC cell stemness both in vitro and in vivo. This was shown to induce radioresistance in GC. ADO-A2aR was revealed to significantly induce cell cycle arrest and promote GC cell apoptosis. These activities were closely linked to activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION This study identified that ADO enhances GC cell stemness via interaction with A2aR and subsequent activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Ultimately, this resulted in radioresistance. A2aR is a potential target to improve GC radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Liu
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Song Yang
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yumei Xu
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Song
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Linsen Shi
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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30
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Abdelgawad MA, Elkanzi NA, Nayl A, Musa A, Hadal Alotaibi N, Arafa W, Gomha SM, Bakr RB. Targeting tumor cells with pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold: A literature review on synthetic approaches, structure activity relationship, structural and target-based mechanisms. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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31
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Asadian S, Piryaei A, Gheibi N, Aziz Kalantari B, Reza Davarpanah M, Azad M, Kapustina V, Alikhani M, Moghbeli Nejad S, Keshavarz Alikhani H, Mohamadi M, Shpichka A, Timashev P, Hassan M, Vosough M. Rhenium Perrhenate ( 188ReO 4) Induced Apoptosis and Reduced Cancerous Phenotype in Liver Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:305. [PMID: 35053421 PMCID: PMC8774126 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after conventional treatments is a crucial challenge. Despite the promising progress in advanced targeted therapies, HCC is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Radionuclide therapy can potentially be a practical targeted approach to address this concern. Rhenium-188 (188Re) is a β-emitting radionuclide used in the clinic to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation. Although adherent cell cultures are efficient and reliable, appropriate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contact is still lacking. Thus, we herein aimed to assess 188Re as a potential therapeutic component for HCC in 2D and 3D models. The death rate in treated Huh7 and HepG2 lines was significantly higher than in untreated control groups using viability assay. After treatment with 188ReO4, Annexin/PI data indicated considerable apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells after 48 h but not Huh7 cells. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting data also showed increased apoptosis in response to 188ReO4 treatment. In Huh7 cells, exposure to an effective dose of 188ReO4 led to cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. Moreover, colony formation assay confirmed post-exposure growth suppression in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Then, the immunostaining displayed proliferation inhibition in the 188ReO4-treated cells on 3D scaffolds of liver ECM. The PI3-AKT signaling pathway was activated in 3D culture but not in 2D culture. In nude mice, Huh7 cells treated with an effective dose of 188ReO4 lost their tumor formation ability compared to the control group. These findings suggest that 188ReO4 can be a potential new therapeutic agent against HCC through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibition of tumor formation. This approach can be effectively combined with antibodies and peptides for more selective and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samieh Asadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16123798, Iran;
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16123798, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Bagher Aziz Kalantari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj 16255879, Iran;
| | | | - Mehdi Azad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Valentina Kapustina
- Department of Internal Medicine N1, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Sahar Moghbeli Nejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Hani Keshavarz Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Morteza Mohamadi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 17456987, Iran;
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Guo Y, Wang L, Yang H, Ding N. Knockdown long non-coding RNA HCP5 enhances the radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma by modulating AKT signaling activation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:884-893. [PMID: 34969363 PMCID: PMC8805942 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2014386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to participate in cancer therapy. Especial in tumor radiotherapy, lncRNAs usually could enhance or restrict the radiosensitivity in different ways. LncRNA HCP5 is highly expressed in esophageal cancer and influenced the malignant behaviors of esophageal cancer cells. However, this study dedicates to clarify if lncRNA HCP5 affects the radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma. The expression levels of HCP5 in esophageal cancer and adjacent noncancerous tissue were first analyzed on the TCGA database and then detected by qRT-PCR. The related functional experiments were used to investigate whether the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was affected by the inhibition of HCP5. The expression results showed HCP5 is upregulated in esophageal cancers compared to the normal tissues. Meanwhile, knockdown HCP5 further suppressed the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells treated with a 2 Gy dose of radiotherapy. Moreover, we uncovered that knockdown HCP5 eliminated radiotherapy resistance by modulating the miR-216a-3p/PDK1 axis to inhibit the AKT activation. Finally, rescue experiments pointed that lowering the miR-216a-3p expression weakened the inhibition effect of knockdown HCP5 on cells treated with radiotherapy. To summary, our results indicate that HCP5 is involved in esophageal carcinoma radiotherapy and knockdown HCP5 enhances the radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma by modulating AKT signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guo
- Hematology Department, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Nannan Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
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33
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Cailleteau A, Sargos P, Saad F, Latorzeff I, Supiot S. Drug Intensification in Future Postoperative Radiotherapy Practice in Biochemically-Relapsing Prostate Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:780507. [PMID: 35004302 PMCID: PMC8739777 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.780507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although salvage prostate bed radiotherapy is highly effective in biochemically-relapsing prostate cancer patients following prostatectomy, relapses remain frequent and improvements are needed. Randomized phase 3 trials have shown the benefit of adding androgen-depriving therapy to irradiation, but not all patients benefit from this combination. Preclinical studies have shown that novel agents targeting the androgen receptor, DNA repair, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, or the hypoxic microenvironment may help increase the response to prostate bed irradiation while minimizing potential side effects. This perspective review focuses on the most relevant molecules that may have an impact when combined with salvage radiotherapy, and underlines the strategies that need to be developed to increase the efficacy of salvage post-prostatectomy radiotherapy in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Cailleteau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, Nantes Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Paul Sargos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fred Saad
- Department of Urology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Igor Latorzeff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncorad Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, Nantes Saint-Herblain, France
- University of Nantes, CRCINA (CNRS, Inserm), Nantes, France
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34
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Zhao G, Shi X, Sun Z, Zhao P, Lu Z. PAQR4 promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating PI3K/AKT pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1602-1613. [PMID: 34718369 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progestin and adipoQ receptor 4 (PAQR4) is a novel tumorigenic factor that promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in lung and breast cancer, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. The aim of our study was to explore its role and underlying mechanism in the development of HCC. Analysis of GEPIA database indicated that PAQR4 was highly expressed in HCC samples, and the mRNA level of PAQR4 was negatively correlated with the overall survival of HCC patients. Knockdown of PAQR4 in Hep3B cells suppressed cell proliferation by hindering G1/S transition of cell cycle as shown by the flow cytometry analysis. PAQR4 knockdown also expedited the cell apoptosis. Knockdown of PAQR4 repressed the migratory and invasive potential of Hep3B cells. PAQR4 knockdown sensitized Hep3B cells to apatinib-based chemotherapy. PAQR4 knockdown blocked the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, as reflected by the reduced phosphorylation of AKT and p85. Conversely, overexpression of PAQR4 exerted opposite effects in Huh-7 cells. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could eliminate the effects of PAQR4 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, chemoresistance, and invasion. In tumor xenograft model, knockdown of PAQR4 suppressed tumor growth in vivo, while PAQR4 overexpression promoted tumor growth. Collectively, our data suggest that PAQR4 has a tumorigenic effect on HCC progression by activating PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiaobao Shi
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhanbo Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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35
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Wang Y, Sun J, Yao N. Correlation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34783234 PMCID: PMC8611413 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to examine the correlation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with the clinicopathological features and prognostic significance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The study tissues were collected from 285 patients with NPC and normal mucosal tissues were obtained from 289 individuals with normal nasopharynxes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detected the expression of the AKT, mTOR, and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (P70S6K) proteins. Follow-up was performed for between 8 and 60 months. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation of the expression of the AKT, mTOR, and P70S6K proteins in NPC tissues. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to show the survival of patients with NPC. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the independent risk factors for prognosis. The expression of the AKT, mTOR, and P70S6K proteins in NPC tissues was higher than that in healthy nasopharyngeal mucosal tissues, and was correlated with T-staging, N-staging, clinical stage, distant metastasis, and differentiation. The positive expression of the AKT, mTOR, and P70S6K proteins was higher in patients with stage III/IV NPC, low differentiation, and metastasis. The survival rates of patients with NPC with AKT-positive, mTOR-positive, and P70S6K-positive expression were considerably lower than those without the expression of these proteins. Distant metastasis and the overexpression of the AKT, mTOR, and P70S6K proteins were independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with NPC. The results obtained from this study indicated an association between the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and the progression of NPC. The upregulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway in patients with NPC is a predictor of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong.
| | - Ninghua Yao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong.
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36
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Turdo A, D'Accardo C, Glaviano A, Porcelli G, Colarossi C, Colarossi L, Mare M, Faldetta N, Modica C, Pistone G, Bongiorno MR, Todaro M, Stassi G. Targeting Phosphatases and Kinases: How to Checkmate Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:690306. [PMID: 34778245 PMCID: PMC8581442 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.690306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease represents the major cause of death in oncologic patients worldwide. Accumulating evidence have highlighted the relevance of a small population of cancer cells, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), in the resistance to therapies, as well as cancer recurrence and metastasis. Standard anti-cancer treatments are not always conclusively curative, posing an urgent need to discover new targets for an effective therapy. Kinases and phosphatases are implicated in many cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and oncogenic transformation. These proteins are crucial regulators of intracellular signaling pathways mediating multiple cellular activities. Therefore, alterations in kinases and phosphatases functionality is a hallmark of cancer. Notwithstanding the role of kinases and phosphatases in cancer has been widely investigated, their aberrant activation in the compartment of CSCs is nowadays being explored as new potential Achille's heel to strike. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the major protein kinases and phosphatases pathways by which CSCs can evade normal physiological constraints on survival, growth, and invasion. Moreover, we discuss the potential of inhibitors of these proteins in counteracting CSCs expansion during cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina D'Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Glaviano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colarossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), Catania, Italy
| | - Marzia Mare
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), Catania, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Modica
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pistone
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Bongiorno
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (AOUP), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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37
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Hamouda RA, Abd El Maksoud AI, Wageed M, Alotaibi AS, Elebeedy D, Khalil H, Hassan A, Abdella A. Characterization and Anticancer Activity of Biosynthesized Au/Cellulose Nanocomposite from Chlorella vulgaris. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3340. [PMID: 34641156 PMCID: PMC8512388 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic selectivity is a critical issue in cancer therapy. As a result of its adjustable physicochemical characteristics, the Au/cellulose nanocomposite currently holds a lot of potential for solving this challenge. This work was designed to prepare a Au/cellulose nanocomposite with enhanced anticancer activity through the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway. Nanocellulose, nanogold (AuNPs), and a Au/cellulose nanocomposite were biosynthesized from microgreen alga Chlorella vulgaris. Using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), zeta potential analyzer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed and characterized. In human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells), the selectivity and anticancer activity of the produced nanoparticles were evaluated. The cytotoxicity results revealed that the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the Au/cellulose nanocomposite against A549 cancer lung cells was 4.67 ± 0.17 µg/µL compared to 182.75 ± 6.45 µg/µL in the case of HEL299 normal lung fibroblasts. It was found that treatment with nanocellulose and the Au/cellulose nanocomposite significantly increased (p < 0.05) the relative expression of tumor suppressor 53 (p53) in comparison to control cells. They also significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the relative expression of the Raf-1 gene. These findings indicate that nanocellulose and the Au/cellulose nanocomposite regulate cell cycles mostly via the motivation of p53 gene expression and reduction of Raf-1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa A. Hamouda
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jedda 21959, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Madonna Wageed
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City 23546, Egypt; (M.W.); (D.E.)
| | - Amenah S. Alotaibi
- Genomic & Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dalia Elebeedy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City 23546, Egypt; (M.W.); (D.E.)
| | - Hany Khalil
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Amr Hassan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Asmaa Abdella
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
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38
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Alemi F, Raei Sadigh A, Malakoti F, Elhaei Y, Ghaffari SH, Maleki M, Asemi Z, Yousefi B, Targhazeh N, Majidinia M. Molecular mechanisms involved in DNA repair in human cancers: An overview of PI3k/Akt signaling and PIKKs crosstalk. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:313-328. [PMID: 34515349 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cellular genome is frequently subjected to abundant endogenous and exogenous factors that induce DNA damage. Most of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs) family members are activated in response to DNA damage and are the most important DNA damage response (DDR) proteins. The DDR system protects the cells against the wrecking effects of these genotoxicants and repairs the DNA damage caused by them. If the DNA damage is severe, such as when DNA is the goal of chemo-radiotherapy, the DDR drives cells toward cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Some intracellular pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, which is overactivated in most cancers, could stimulate the DDR process and failure of chemo-radiotherapy with the increasing repair of damaged DNA. This signaling pathway induces DNA repair through the regulation of proteins that are involved in DDR like BRCA1, HMGB1, and P53. In this review, we will focus on the crosstalk of the PI3K/Akt and PIKKs involved in DDR and then discuss current achievements in the sensitization of cancer cells to chemo-radiotherapy by PI3K/Akt inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Alemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aydin Raei Sadigh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Malakoti
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yusuf Elhaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamed Ghaffari
- Department of Orthopedics, Shohada Medical Research & Training Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masomeh Maleki
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloufar Targhazeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Wang H, Liu Z, Sun Z, Zhou D, Mao H, Deng G. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 33 promotes cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis through regulation of the SP1/PI3K/AKT pathway in retinoblastoma. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2066-2076. [PMID: 34470581 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1970305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 33 (USP33), a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), has been identified to serve as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in different cancers. However, its role in retinoblastoma (RB) remains unknown. Here, we aimed to uncover USP33 expression profile and function in RB, and disclose the underlying mechanism. USP33 levels in RB tissues and cells were determined using RT-qPCR and western blotting assays. USP33 effects on cell growth, cycle, apoptosis and tumorigenesis were studied using MTT, Edu, cycle and western blotting and in vivo assays. The results showed that USP33 expression levels were elevated in RB tissues and cells as compared with normal retinal tissues and cells. Downregulation of USP33 in RB Y79 and WERI-RB1 cells leaded to significant increases in cell apoptosis, G1 phase arrest and tumorigenesis, and reductions in cell growth and G2 and S phase arrest, as well as inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling. SP1 overexpression abolished the roles of USP33 downregulation in modulating the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, cell growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle. This study uncovered that USP33 promoted the progression of RB through regulation of the SP1/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhinan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanyan Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guohua Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
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A Novel Approach for the Discovery of Biomarkers of Radiotherapy Response in Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080796. [PMID: 34442440 PMCID: PMC8399231 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an important treatment modality for the local control of breast cancer (BC). Unfortunately, not all patients that receive RT will obtain a therapeutic benefit, as cancer cells that either possess intrinsic radioresistance or develop resistance during treatment can reduce its efficacy. For RT treatment regimens to become personalised, there is a need to identify biomarkers that can predict and/or monitor a tumour's response to radiation. Here we describe a novel method to identify such biomarkers. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used on conditioned media (CM) samples from a radiosensitive oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) BC cell line (MCF-7) to identify cancer-secreted biomarkers which reflected a response to radiation. A total of 33 radiation-induced secreted proteins that had higher (up to 12-fold) secretion levels at 24 h post-2 Gy radiation were identified. Secretomic results were combined with whole-transcriptome gene expression experiments, using both radiosensitive and radioresistant cells, to identify a signature related to intrinsic radiosensitivity. Gene expression analysis assessing the levels of the 33 proteins showed that 5 (YBX3, EIF4EBP2, DKK1, GNPNAT1 and TK1) had higher expression levels in the radiosensitive cells compared to their radioresistant derivatives; 3 of these proteins (DKK1, GNPNAT1 and TK1) underwent in-lab and initial clinical validation. Western blot analysis using CM samples from cell lines confirmed a significant increase in the release of each candidate biomarker from radiosensitive cells 24 h after treatment with a 2 Gy dose of radiation; no significant increase in secretion was observed in the radioresistant cells after radiation. Immunohistochemistry showed that higher intracellular protein levels of the biomarkers were associated with greater radiosensitivity. Intracellular levels were further assessed in pre-treatment biopsy tissues from patients diagnosed with ER+ BC that were subsequently treated with breast-conserving surgery and RT. High DKK1 and GNPNAT1 intracellular levels were associated with significantly increased recurrence-free survival times, indicating that these two candidate biomarkers have the potential to predict sensitivity to RT. We suggest that the methods highlighted in this study could be utilised for the identification of biomarkers that may have a potential clinical role in personalising and optimising RT dosing regimens, whilst limiting the administration of RT to patients who are unlikely to benefit.
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Mardanshahi A, Gharibkandi NA, Vaseghi S, Abedi SM, Molavipordanjani S. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitors enhance radiosensitivity in cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1-14. [PMID: 34357550 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is one of the most common types of cancer treatment modalities. Radiation can affect both cancer and normal tissues, which limits the whole delivered dose. It is well documented that radiation activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT signaling pathway; hence, the inhibition of this pathway enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a regulator that is involved in autophagy, cell growth, proliferation, and survival. CONCLUSION The inhibition of mTOR as a downstream mediator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway represents a vital option for more effective cancer treatments. The combination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors with radiation can increase the radiosensitivity of malignant cells to radiation by autophagy activation. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the impact of such inhibitors on the cell response to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mardanshahi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasrin Abbasi Gharibkandi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Samaneh Vaseghi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Abedi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sajjad Molavipordanjani
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention and Intervention. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081195. [PMID: 34452154 PMCID: PMC8400324 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway has been suggested to have connections with the malignant transformation, growth, proliferation, and metastasis of various cancers and solid tumors. Relevant connections between the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, cell survival, and prostate cancer (PC) provide a great therapeutic target for PC prevention or treatment. Recent studies have focused on small-molecule mTOR inhibitors or their usage in coordination with other therapeutics for PC treatment that are currently undergoing clinical testing. In this study, the function of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, the consequence of its dysregulation, and the development of mTOR inhibitors, either as an individual substance or in combination with other agents, and their clinical implications are discussed. The rationale for targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and specifically the application and potential utility of natural agents involved in PC treatment is described. In addition to the small-molecule mTOR inhibitors, there are evidence that several natural agents are able to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in prostatic neoplasms. These natural mTOR inhibitors can interfere with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway through multiple mechanisms; however, inhibition of Akt and suppression of mTOR 1 activity are two major therapeutic approaches. Combination therapy improves the efficacy of these inhibitors to either suppress the PC progression or circumvent the resistance by cancer cells.
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Kantapan J, Paksee S, Duangya A, Sangthong P, Roytrakul S, Krobthong S, Suttana W, Dechsupa N. A radiosensitizer, gallotannin-rich extract from Bouea macrophylla seeds, inhibits radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:189. [PMID: 34217266 PMCID: PMC8254241 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radioresistance can pose a significant obstacle to the effective treatment of breast cancers. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in the acquisition of stem cell traits and radioresistance. Here, we investigated whether Maprang seed extract (MPSE), a gallotannin-rich extract of seed from Bouea macrophylla Griffith, could inhibit the radiation-induced EMT process and enhance the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. Methods Breast cancer cells were pre-treated with MPSE before irradiation (IR), the radiosensitizing activity of MPSE was assessed using the colony formation assay. Radiation-induced EMT and stemness phenotype were identified using breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker (CD24−/low/CD44+) and mammosphere formation assay. Cell motility was determined via the wound healing assay and transwell migration. Radiation-induced cell death was assessed via the apoptosis assay and SA-β-galactosidase staining for cellular senescence. CSCs- and EMT-related genes were confirmed by real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. Results Pre-treated with MPSE before irradiation could reduce the clonogenic activity and enhance radiosensitivity of breast cancer cell lines with sensitization enhancement ratios (SERs) of 2.33 and 1.35 for MCF7 and MDA-MB231cells, respectively. Pretreatment of breast cancer cells followed by IR resulted in an increased level of DNA damage maker (γ-H2A histone family member) and enhanced radiation-induced cell death. Irradiation induced EMT process, which displayed a significant EMT phenotype with a down-regulated epithelial marker E-cadherin and up-regulated mesenchymal marker vimentin in comparison with untreated breast cancer cells. Notably, we observed that pretreatment with MPSE attenuated the radiation-induced EMT process and decrease some stemness-like properties characterized by mammosphere formation and the CSC marker. Furthermore, pretreatment with MPSE attenuated the radiation-induced activation of the pro-survival pathway by decrease the expression of phosphorylation of ERK and AKT and sensitized breast cancer cells to radiation. Conclusion MPSE enhanced the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells by enhancing IR-induced DNA damage and cell death, and attenuating the IR-induced EMT process and stemness phenotype via targeting survival pathways PI3K/AKT and MAPK in irradiated breast cancer cells. Our findings describe a novel strategy for increasing the efficacy of radiotherapy for breast cancer patients using a safer and low-cost natural product, MPSE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03363-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Kantapan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Siwaphon Paksee
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Aphidet Duangya
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Padchanee Sangthong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wipob Suttana
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Chen S, Li K, Zhong X, Wang G, Wang X, Cheng M, Chen J, Chen Z, Chen J, Zhang C, Xiong G, Xu X, Chen D, Li H, Peng L. Sox9-expressing cells promote regeneration after radiation-induced lung injury via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:381. [PMID: 34215344 PMCID: PMC8254240 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is considered one of the most common complications of thoracic radiation. Recent studies have focused on stem cell properties to obtain ideal therapeutic effects, and Sox9 has been reported to be involved in stem cell induction and differentiation. However, whether Sox9-expressing cells play a role in radiation repair and regeneration remains unknown. Methods We successfully obtained Sox9CreER, RosatdTomato and RosaDTA mice and identified Sox9-expressing cells through lineage tracing. Then, we evaluated the effects of the ablation of Sox9-expressing cells in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanism of Sox9-expressing cells during lung regeneration via an online single-cell RNA-seq dataset. Results In our study, we demonstrated that Sox9-expressing cells promote the regeneration of lung tissues and that ablation of Sox9-expressing cells leads to severe phenotypes after radiation damage. In addition, analysis of an online scRNA-Seq dataset revealed that the PI3K/AKT pathway is enriched in Sox9-expressing cells during lung epithelium regeneration. Finally, the AKT inhibitor perifosine suppressed the regenerative effects of Sox9-expressing cells and the AKT pathway agonist promotes proliferation and differentiation. Conclusions Taken together, the findings of our study suggest that Sox9-expressing cells may serve as a therapeutic target in lung tissue after RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kang Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinqi Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ganping Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caihua Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gan Xiong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Xiuyun Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Oncology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Heping Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Oncology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Liang Peng
- Oncology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Chen C, Gao H, Su X. Autophagy-related signaling pathways are involved in cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:710. [PMID: 34007319 PMCID: PMC8120650 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-digestion process in cells that can maintain energy homeostasis under normal circumstances. However, misfolded proteins, damaged mitochondria and other unwanted components in cells can be decomposed and reused via autophagy in some specific cases (including hypoxic stress, low energy states or nutrient deprivation). Therefore, autophagy serves a positive role in cell survival and growth. However, excessive autophagy may lead to apoptosis. Furthermore, abnormal autophagy may lead to carcinogenesis and promote tumorigenesis in normal cells. In tumor cells, autophagy may provide the energy required for excessive proliferation, promote the growth of cancer cells, and evade apoptosis caused by certain treatments, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, resulting in increased treatment resistance and drug resistance. On the other hand, autophagy leads to an insufficient nutrient supply in cancer cells and the destruction of energy homeostasis, thereby inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the double-edged sword of autophagy is crucial for the treatment of cancer. The present review summarizes the signaling pathways and key factors involved in autophagy and cancer to provide possible strategies for treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Chen
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Cancer Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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Sun R, Chen C, Deng X, Wang F, Song S, Cai Q, Wang J, Zhang T, Shi M, Ke Q, Luo Z. IL-11 mediates the Radioresistance of Cervical Cancer Cells via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:4638-4647. [PMID: 34149927 PMCID: PMC8210555 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the female reproductive system. Radioresistance remains a significant factor that limits the efficacy of radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) has been reported to be upregulated in various types of human cancer and correlate with clinical stage and poor survival. However, the exact effects and mechanisms of IL-11 in the radioresistance of cervical cancer have not yet been defined. In this research, TCGA databases revealed that IL-11 expression was upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and was associated with clinical stages and poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients. We discovered that IL-11 concentration was significantly upregulated in radioresistant cervical cancer cells. Knocking down IL-11 in Hela cells could reduce clonogenic survival rate, decrease cell viability, induce G2/M phase block, and facilitate cell apoptosis. In contrast, Exogeneous IL-11 in C33A cells could upregulate clonogenic survival rate, increase cell viability, curb G2/M phase block, and cell apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations showed that radioresistance conferred by IL-11 was attributed to the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Altogether, our results demonstrate that IL-11 might be involved in radioresistance, and IL-11 may be a potent radiosensitization target for cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruige Sun
- Postgraduate Training Basement of Jinzhou Medical University, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Xinzhou Deng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Shimao Song
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Te Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Mingliang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhushan People's Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Qing Ke
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
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Chu X, Zheng W, Chen Q, Wang C, Fan S, Shao C. HBXIP contributes to radioresistance through NF-κB-mediated expression of XIAP in breast cancer. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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48
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Zhu M, Ye C, Wang J, Yang G, Ying X. Activation of COL11A1 by PRRX1 promotes tumor progression and radioresistance in ovarian cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:958-967. [PMID: 33970764 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1928780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although radiotherapy is a common treatment option for all kinds of cancer patients, including ovarian cancer, a major obstacle limiting its application in the development of resistance. Therefore, it is urgently needed to clarify the mechanism of radiosensitivity modulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained open datasets and analyzed the expression of collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) in ovarian cancer patients with different stages. Meanwhile, the correlation of COL11A1 and survival outcomes is determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The role of COL11A1 in cell proliferation was observed in an in vitro knockdown system. SKOV3 radioresistant cells were established to determine the role of COL11A1 on radioresistant in ovarian cancer. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION COL11A1 were highly enriched in late-stage ovarian cancer tumor tissues and negatively correlated with survival outcomes in ovarian cancer. The functional analysis found that COL11A1 promoted ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Importantly, COL11A1 decreased radiosensitivity in ovarian cancer by AKT activation. Paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) acted as an upstream transcription factor to regulate COL11A1 expression in ovarian cancer. Increased COL11A1 expression is related to low survival outcomes and radiosensitivity in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Targeting COL11A1 is a promising strategy for improving radiotherapy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxia Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangxia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Xie FW, Liu JC. LncRNA SNHG12 regulates the miR-101-3p/CUL4B axis to mediate the proliferation, migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:664-674. [PMID: 34002487 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. SNHG12 has been identified in multiple types of malignant tumors. However, the role of SNHG12 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly characterized, and the relevant underlying mechanism remains unclear. The expression levels of SNHG12, miR-101-3p, and CUL4B in collected human NSCLC tumor tissues and NSCLC cell lines were tested via qRT-PCR. Then, NSCLC cellular proliferation, migration and invasion were determined, followed by MTT, scratch and Transwell assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and RNA pulldown assays were adopted to explore the target site. Moreover, western blotting was performed to detect the relevant protein expression concerning the CUL4B/PI3K/AKT pathway. This study clarified that SNHG12 knockdown significantly reduced proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC cells. Our data indicated that SNHG12 targeted and negatively regulated miR-101-3p, and this depletion reversed the inhibitory effect of si-SNHG12 on NSCLC cells. Furthermore, CUL4B was confirmed as a functional target of miR-101-3p, and its knockdown resulted in a strong alleviation of the NSLCL cell phenotype, which was enhanced by the silencing of miR-101-3p. Mechanistically, we found that SNHG12 regulated miR-101-3p to modulate the PI3K/AKT pathway mediated by CUL4B.These observations suggested that lncRNA SNHG12-mediated miR-101-3p downregulation regulated the malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells by targeting CUL4B through the PI3K/AKT pathway, which may present a path to novel therapeutic strategies for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Wen Xie
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ji-Chun Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Li X, Tian R, Liu L, Wang L, He D, Cao K, Ma JK, Huang C. Andrographolide enhanced radiosensitivity by downregulating glycolysis via the inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520946169. [PMID: 32787737 PMCID: PMC7427152 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520946169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, some patients benefit minimally from radiotherapy because of radioresistance. This study investigated the effects of andrographolide on radiosensitivity in HCT116 CRC cells and examined its mechanism of action. Methods Cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were evaluated using MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, and Transwell cell invasion assays, respectively. Glycolysis-related indicators were measured to examine cell glycolytic activity. The expression of related proteins was detected by western blotting. Results After andrographolide treatment, the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway-related proteins, glycolytic activity, and cell survival and invasion rates were decreased in HCT116 cells. Andrographolide plus irradiation increased apoptosis and decreased survival, invasion, and colony formation compared with the effects of irradiation alone. Conclusion Andrographolide enhanced radiosensitivity by downregulating glycolysis via inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruifang Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - John K Ma
- Cotton O'Neil Cancer Center, Stormont Vail Hospital, Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Chenghui Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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