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Whitmore M, Tobin I, Burkardt A, Zhang G. Nutritional Modulation of Host Defense Peptide Synthesis: A Novel Host-directed Antimicrobial Therapeutic Strategy? Adv Nutr 2024:100277. [PMID: 39053604 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance underscores the imperative for innovative therapeutic strategies. Host defense peptides (HDPs), integral components of innate immunity, exhibit profound antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Various dietary compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, sugars, amino acids, phytochemicals, bile acids, probiotics, and prebiotics have been identified to enhance the synthesis of endogenous HDPs without provoking inflammatory response or compromising barrier integrity. Additionally, different classes of these compounds synergize in augmenting HDP synthesis and disease resistance. Moreover, dietary supplementation of several HDP-inducing compounds or their combinations have demonstrated robust protection in animals from experimental infections. However, the efficacy of these compounds in inducing HDP synthesis varies considerably among distinct compounds. Additionally, the regulation of HDP genes occurs in a gene-, cell type-, and species-specific manner. In this comprehensive review, we systematically summarized the modulation of HDP synthesis and the mechanism of action attributed to each major class of dietary compounds, including their synergistic combinations, across a spectrum of animal species including humans. We argue that the ability to enhance innate immunity and barrier function without triggering inflammation or microbial resistance positions the nutritional modulation of endogenous HDP synthesis as a promising host-directed approach for mitigating infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. These HDP-inducing compounds, particularly in combinations, harbor substantial clinical potential for further exploration in antimicrobial therapies for both human and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Isabel Tobin
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Amanda Burkardt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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Gao J, Wu Y, Yu J, Qiu Y, Yi T, Luo C, Zhang J, Lu G, Li X, Xiong F, Wu X, Pan X. Impact of genomic and epigenomic alterations of multigene on a multicancer pedigree. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7394. [PMID: 38970307 PMCID: PMC11226725 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations have been identified in a small number of hereditary cancers, but the genetic predisposition for many familial cancers remains to be elucidated. METHODS This study identified a Chinese pedigree that presented different cancers (breast cancer, BRCA; adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction, AEG; and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-ALL) in each of the three generations. Whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing were performed on peripheral blood or bone marrow and cancer biopsy samples. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was conducted on the monozygotic twin brothers, one of whom developed B-ALL. RESULTS According to the ACMG guidelines, bioinformatic analysis of the genome sequencing revealed 20 germline mutations, particularly mutations in the DNAH11 (c.9463G > A) and CFH (c.2314G > A) genes that were documented in the COSMIC database and validated by Sanger sequencing. Forty-one common somatic mutated genes were identified in the cancer samples, displaying the same type of single nucleotide substitution Signature 5. Meanwhile, hypomethylation of PLEK2, MRAS, and RXRA as well as hypermethylation of CpG island associated with WT1 was shown in the twin with B-ALL. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal genomic alterations in a pedigree with multiple cancers. Mutations found in the DNAH11, CFH genes, and other genes predispose to malignancies in this family. Dysregulated methylation of WT1, PLEK2, MRAS, and RXRA in the twin with B-ALL increases cancer susceptibility. The similarity of the somatic genetic changes among the three cancers indicates a hereditary impact on the pedigree. These familial cancers with germline and somatic mutations, as well as epigenomic alterations, represent a common molecular basis for many multiple cancer pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Gao
- Department of PediatricsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yongzhang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jieming Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yinbin Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tiantian Yi
- Department of PediatricsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chaochao Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junxiao Zhang
- SequMed Institute of Biomedical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Gary Lu
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal DiagnosisZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xu Li
- Kaiser Permanente Regional Genetics Laboratory, San Jose Medical CenterSan JoseCaliforniaUSA
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuedong Wu
- Department of PediatricsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of PediatricsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Precision Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Division of Medical SciencesMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina
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Simões RB, Simões MDELPB, Ioshii SO, Robes RR, Dall'antonia MO, Goehr MP, Neves PJF. Effects of valproic acid on wound healing of the abdominal wall musculoaponeurotic layer: an experimental study in rats. Rev Col Bras Cir 2024; 51:e20243676. [PMID: 38896636 PMCID: PMC11185066 DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20243676-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION valproic acid (VPA), an epigenetic drug, has potential for the treatment of neoplasms. Its effects on the healing of the peritoneal-musculo-aponeurotic plane (PMA) of the abdominal wall are studied. METHOD sixty Wistar rats were allocated into two groups: experimental (VPA) and control (0.9% sodium chloride), treated daily, starting three days before the intervention and until euthanasia. Under anesthesia, a median laparotomy was performed and repaired with two synthetic layers. Assessments took place 3, 7 and 14 days after surgery. The integrity of the wounds, the quality of the inflammatory reaction, the intensity of the leukocyte infiltrate, collagen synthesis, the intensity of angiogenesis and the presence of myofibroblasts were studied. RESULTS there was dehiscence of the PMA plane in 11 of the 30 animals (p=0.001) in the experimental group. There was no difference in the quality and intensity of the inflammatory reaction. Immunohistochemistry revealed, in the experimental group, less collagen I (p3=0.003, p7=0.013 and p14=0.001) and more collagen III (p3=0.003, p7=0.013 and p14= 0.001). Collagen evaluated by Sirus Supra Red F3BA showed, in the experimental group, less collagen at all three times (p<0.001) with less collagen I and collagen III (p<0.001). A lower number of vessels was found on the 3rd day (p<0.001) and on the 7th day (p=0.001) and did not affect the number of myofibroblasts. CONCLUSION VPA showed dehiscence of the PMA plane, with less deposition of total collagen and collagen I, less angiogenic activity, without interfering with the number of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Biondo Simões
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Clínica Cirúrgica - Dep. de Cirurgia - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Maria DE Lourdes Pessole Biondo Simões
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Clínica Cirúrgica - Dep. de Cirurgia - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Técnica Cirúrgica e Cirurgia Experimental - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Sérgio Ossamu Ioshii
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia da UFPR - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Rogério Ribeiro Robes
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Técnica Cirúrgica e Cirurgia Experimental - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | | | - Matheus Prince Goehr
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Técnica Cirúrgica e Cirurgia Experimental - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Pedro Juan Furtado Neves
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Técnica Cirúrgica e Cirurgia Experimental - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
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Khathayer F, Mikael M. Mocetinostat as a novel selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor in the promotion of apoptosis in glioblastoma cell line C6 and T98G. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4170668. [PMID: 38645087 PMCID: PMC11030514 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4170668/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Histon deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme is one of the enzymes involved in regulating gene expression and epigenetic alternation of cells by removing acetyl groups from lysine residue on a histone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly and suppressing a tumor-suppressing gene. HDAC inhibitors play an important role in inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells by restricting the mechanism of action of HDAC enzyme, leading to the addition of acetyl groups to lysine. Mocetinostat, also known by its chemical name (MGCD0103), is a novel isotype selective HDAC enzyme that explicitly targets HDAC isoforms inhibiting Class1(HDAC 1,2,3,8) and Class IV (HDAC11) enzymes. It was approved for treating the phase II trial of Hodgkin's lymphoma in 2010. Our study revealed that different doses of Mocetinostat inhibit the growth of glioblastoma cells, metastasis, and angiogenesis and induce the apoptosis and differentiation of glioblastoma cells C6 and T98G. Western blot has shown that MGCD0103 has many biological activities to control glioblastoma cancer cells. MGCD0103 can modulate the molecular mechanism for several pathways in cells, such as inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway and suppression of HDAC1 enzyme activity in charge of many biological processes in the initiation and progression of cancer. The high doses of Mocetinostat drug significantly induce apoptosis and suppress cancer cell proliferation through increased pro-apoptotic proteins (BAX) and a down level of anti-apoptotic proteins(Bid, Bcl2). Also, the mocetinostat upregulated the expression of the tumor suppressor gene and downregulated the gene expression of the E2f1 transcription factor. Additionally, MGCDO103-induced differentiation was facilitated by activating the differentiation marker GFAP and preventing the undifferentiation marker from expression (Id2, N-Myc). The MGCD0103 is a potent anticancer drug crucial in treating glioblastoma cells.
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Ziemiński R, Stupak A, Kwiatek M, Gęca T, Warowicka A, Hejne K, Kwaśniewska A, Goździcka-Józefiak A, Kwaśniewski W. Analysis of the Expression of LSF Transcription Factor in the Regulation of Transcription and TSG101 during the Neoplastic Transformation of Endometrial Cells. Cells 2024; 13:580. [PMID: 38607019 PMCID: PMC11011417 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that carcinogenesis involves disrupting the functions of numerous genes, including factors involved in the regulation of transcription and cell proliferation. For these reasons, in endometrial carcinogenesis, we decided to investigate the expression of TSG101 (a suppressor of tumor transformation) and LSF (a transcription factor involved in numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle regulation, cell growth, development, and apoptosis). LSF may be involved in the regulation of TSG101 expression. The research material consisted of endometrial cancer samples from 60 patients. The control group consisted of normal endometrium samples donated by 60 women undergoing surgery for benign diseases of the female reproductive organs. The samples were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific to TSG101 and LSF. Specific antibodies were used to identify TSG101 and LSF in the examined histopathological preparations. An approximately 14-fold lower risk of endometrial cancer development was observed in patients with TSG expression in more than 75% of the assessed cells (4% vs. 36%; OR = 0.07; p = 0.0182). There was a four-fold lower risk of endometrial cancer development in patients with LSF expression in more than 50% of the assessed cells (32% vs. 64%; OR = 0.26; p = 0.0262). A more than three-fold lower risk of endometrial cancer development was observed in patients with LSF expression in more than 75% of the assessed cells (24% vs. 52%; OR = 0.29; p = 0.0454). Endometrial cancer was diagnosed in those with a lower level of TSG101 expression than in those with a cancer-free endometrium. Decreased expression of TSG101 may be a marker of endometrial cancer, and increased expression of LSF when diagnosed with endometrial cancer may indicate greater advancement of the disease. These markers might be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers-however, there is a lack of a correlation between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ziemiński
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Stupak
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Maciej Kwiatek
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Tomasz Gęca
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-712 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.)
| | - Karolina Hejne
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 11-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Kwaśniewska
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-712 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.)
| | - Wojciech Kwaśniewski
- Department of Gynecology Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Wei S, Zhang J, Zhao R, Shi R, An L, Yu Z, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Yao Y, Li H, Wang H. Histone lactylation promotes malignant progression by facilitating USP39 expression to target PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signal pathway in endometrial carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:121. [PMID: 38459014 PMCID: PMC10923933 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone lactylation has been reported to involve in tumorigenesis and development. However, its biological regulatory mechanism in endometrial carcinoma (EC) is yet to be reported in detail. In the present study, we evaluated the modification levels of global lactylation in EC tissues by immunohistochemistry and western blot, and it was elevated. The non-metabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) and oxamate treatment could decrease the level of lactylation so as to inhibit the proliferation and migration ability, induce apoptosis significantly, and arrest the cell cycle of EC cells. Mechanically, histone lactylation stimulated USP39 expression to promote tumor progression. Moreover, USP39 activated PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway via interacting with and stabilizing PGK1 to stimulate glycolysis. The results of present study suggest that histone lactylation plays an important role in the progression of EC by promoting the malignant biological behavior of EC cells, thus providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lanfen An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuwei Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Haojia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Park MJ, Sohn WM, Bae YA. Genome-wide identification of histone lysine methyltransferases and their implications in the epigenetic regulation of eggshell formation-related genes in a trematode parasite Clonorchis sinensis. PARASITES, HOSTS AND DISEASES 2024; 62:98-116. [PMID: 38443774 PMCID: PMC10915263 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic writers including DNA and histone lysine methyltransferases (DNMT and HKMT, respectively) play an initiative role in the differentiation and development of eukaryotic organisms through the spatiotemporal regulation of functional gene expressions. However, the epigenetic mechanisms have long been suspected in helminth parasites lacking the major DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a/3b. Very little information on the evolutionary status of the epigenetic tools and their role in regulating chromosomal genes is currently available in the parasitic trematodes. We previously suggested the probable role of a DNMT2-like protein (CsDNMT2) as a genuine epigenetic writer in a trematode parasite Clonorchis sinensis. Here, we analyzed the phylogeny of HKMT subfamily members in the liver fluke and other platyhelminth species. The platyhelminth genomes examined conserved genes for the most of SET domain-containing HKMT and Disruptor of Telomeric Silencing 1 subfamilies, while some genes were expanded specifically in certain platyhelminth genomes. Related to the high gene dosages for HKMT activities covering differential but somewhat overlapping substrate specificities, variously methylated histones were recognized throughout the tissues/organs of C. sinensis adults. The temporal expressions of genes involved in eggshell formation were gradually decreased to their lowest levels proportionally to aging, whereas those of some epigenetic tool genes were re-boosted in the later adult stages of the parasite. Furthermore, these expression levels were significantly affected by treatment with DNMT and HKMT inhibitors. Our data strongly suggest that methylated histones are potent epigenetic markers that modulate the spatiotemporal expressions of C. sinensis genes, especially those involved in sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999,
Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999,
Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727,
Korea
| | - Young-An Bae
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999,
Korea
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Rajaselvi ND, Jida MD, Ajeeshkumar KK, Nair SN, John P, Aziz Z, Nisha AR. Antineoplastic activity of plant-derived compounds mediated through inhibition of histone deacetylase: a review. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1803-1817. [PMID: 37389730 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
In the combat of treating cancer recent therapeutic approaches are focused towards enzymatic targets as they occupy a pivotal participation in the cascade of oncogenesis and malignancy. There are several enzymes that modulate the epigenetic pathways and chromatin structure related to cancer mutation. Among several epigenetic mechanisms such as methylation, phosphorylation, and sumoylation, acetylation status of histones is crucial and is governed by counteracting enzymes like histone acetyl transferase (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) which have contradictory effects on the histone acetylation. HDAC inhibition induces chromatin relaxation which forms euchromatin and thereby initiates the expression of certain transcription factors attributed with apoptosis, which are mostly correlated with the expression of the p21 gene and acetylation of H3 and H4 histones. Most of the synthetic and natural HDAC inhibitors elicit antineoplastic effect through activation of various apoptotic pathways and promoting cell cycle arrest at various phases. Due to their promising chemo preventive action and low cytotoxicity against normal host cells, bioactive substances like flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenolic compounds from plants have recently gained importance. Even though all bioactive compounds mentioned have an HDAC inhibitory action, some of them have a direct effect and others enhance the effects of the standard well known HDAC inhibitors. In this review, the action of plant derived compounds against histone deacetylases in a variety of in vitro cancer cell lines and in vivo animal models are articulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Divya Rajaselvi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680 651, India
| | - M D Jida
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680 651, India
| | - K K Ajeeshkumar
- Tumor Biology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh N Nair
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680 651, India
| | - Preethy John
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, 673 576, India
| | - Zarina Aziz
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680 651, India
| | - A R Nisha
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680 651, India.
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Ebrahimi A, Bakhshaei Shahrebabaki P, Fouladi H, Mansoori Derakhshan S. The impact of microRNAs on the resistance of breast cancer subtypes to chemotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154702. [PMID: 37562283 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) formation is primarily influenced by genetics, epigenetics and environmental factors. Aberrant Genetics and epigenetics leads to a condition known as heterogeneity. The heterogeneity of BC can be divided into several subtypes. Among the epigenetic factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a crucial role in the development and progression of malignancies. These small non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression through a variety of mechanisms, resulting in either mRNA degradation or translation repression. As miRNAs directly control many proteins, genetic anomalies affect tumor metastasis, apoptosis, proliferation, and cell transportation. Consequently, miRNA dysregulations contribute not only in cancer development but also in invasiveness, proliferation rate and more importantly, drug response. Findings mostly indicate subtype-specified identical miRNA profile in BC. Among the BC subtypes, TNBC, HER2 + and luminal are the most resistant to therapy, respectively. Therapy resistance is greatly associated with miRNA expression profile. Hence, concentration of miRNA is the first marker of its role in chemotherapy response. Overexpressed miRNAs may disrupt drug efflux transporters and decrease the drug accumulation in cell. While down-regulated miRNAs which mediate drug resistance processes are mostly correlated with poor treatment response. Moreover, other mechanisms in which miRNAs play crucial roles in chemoresistance such as cell receptor mediations, dysregulation by environmental factors, DNA defects, etc. Recently, several miRNA-based treatments have shown promising results in cancer treatment. Inhibition of up-regulated miRNAs is one of these therapeutic approaches whilst transfecting cell with down-regulated miRNAs also show promising results. Moreover, drug-resistance could also be determined while in the pre-treatment phase via expression levels of miRNAs. Therefore, miRNAs provide intriguing insights and challenges in overcoming chemoresistance. In this article, we have discussed how miRNAs regulate breast cancer subtypes-specific chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Genetics, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Bakhshaei Shahrebabaki
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Fouladi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Genetics, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Mansoori Derakhshan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Genetics, Tabriz, Iran.
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10
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Jensen D, Chen J, Turner JA, Stephen JM, Wang YP, Wilson TW, Calhoun VD, Liu J. Epigenetic associations with adolescent grey matter maturation and cognitive development. Front Genet 2023; 14:1222619. [PMID: 37529779 PMCID: PMC10390095 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1222619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescence, a critical phase of human neurodevelopment, is marked by a tremendous reorganization of the brain and accompanied by improved cognitive performance. This development is driven in part by gene expression, which in turn is partly regulated by DNA methylation (DNAm). Methods: We collected brain imaging, cognitive assessments, and DNAm in a longitudinal cohort of approximately 200 typically developing participants, aged 9-14. This data, from three time points roughly 1 year apart, was used to explore the relationships between seven cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in genes highly expressed in brain tissues (GRIN2D, GABRB3, KCNC1, SLC12A9, CHD5, STXBP5, and NFASC), seven networks of grey matter (GM) volume change, and scores from seven cognitive tests. Results: The demethylation of the CpGs as well as the rates of change in DNAm were significantly related to improvements in total, crystalized, and fluid cognition scores, executive function, episodic memory, and processing speed, as well as several networks of GM volume increases and decreases that highlight typical patterns of brain maturation. Discussion: Our study provides a first look at the DNAm of genes involved in myelination, excitatory and inhibitory receptors, and connectivity, how they are related to the large-scale changes occurring in the brain structure as well as cognition during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Jensen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Wexnar Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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11
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Kohestani H, Wereszczynski J. The effects of RNA.DNA-DNA triple helices on nucleosome structures and dynamics. Biophys J 2023; 122:1229-1239. [PMID: 36798026 PMCID: PMC10111275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an emerging epigenetic factor and have been recognized as playing a key role in many gene expression pathways. Structurally, binding of ncRNAs to isolated DNA is strongly dependent on sequence complementary and results in the formation of an RNA.DNA-DNA (RDD) triple helix. However, in vivo DNA is not isolated but is rather packed in chromatin fibers, the fundamental unit of which is the nucleosome. Biochemical experiments have shown that ncRNA binding to nucleosomal DNA is elevated at DNA entry and exit sites and is dependent on the presence of the H3 N-terminal tails. However, the structural and dynamical bases for these mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we have examined the mechanisms and effects of RDD formation in the context of the nucleosome using a series of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Results highlight the importance of DNA sequence on complex stability, elucidate the effects of the H3 tails on RDD structures, show how RDD formation impacts the structure and dynamics of the H3 tails, and show how RNA alters the local and global DNA double-helical structure. Together, our results suggest ncRNAs can modify nucleosome, and potentially higher-order chromatin, structures and dynamics as a means of exerting epigenetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Kohestani
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeff Wereszczynski
- Departments of Physics & Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois.
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12
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Li X, Liu D, Dai Z, You Y, Chen Y, Lei C, Lv Y, Wang Y. Intraperitoneal 5-Azacytidine Alleviates Nerve Injury-Induced Pain in Rats by Modulating DNA Methylation. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2186-2199. [PMID: 36627549 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of DNA methylation in modulating chronic neuropathic pain (NPP), identify possible target genes of DNA methylation involved in this process, and preliminarily confirm the medicinal value of the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) in NPP by targeting gene methylation. Two rat NPP models, chronic constriction injury (CCI) and spinal nerve ligation (SNL), were used. The DNA methylation profiles in the lumbar spinal cord were assayed using an Arraystar Rat RefSeq Promoter Array. The underlying genes with differential methylation were then identified and submitted to Gene Ontology and pathway analysis. Methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR (MeDIP-qPCR) and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to confirm gene methylation and expression. The protective function of 5-AZA in NPP and gene expression were evaluated via behavioral assays and RT-qPCR, respectively. Analysis of the DNA methylation patterns in the lumbar spinal cord indicated that 1205 differentially methylated fragments in CCI rats were located within DNA promoter regions, including 638 hypermethylated fragments and 567 hypomethylated fragments. The methylation levels of Grm4, Htr4, Adrb2, Kcnf1, Gad2, and Pparg, which are associated with long-term potentiation (LTP) and glutamatergic synapse pathways, were increased with a corresponding decrease in their mRNA expression, in the spinal cords of CCI rats. Moreover, we found that the intraperitoneal injection of 5-AZA (4 mg/kg) attenuated CCI- or SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Finally, the mRNA expression of hypermethylated genes such as Grm4, Htr4, Adrb2, Kcnf1, and Gad2 was reversed after 5-AZA treatment. CCI induced widespread methylation changes in the DNA promoter regions in the lumbar spinal cord. Intraperitoneal 5-AZA alleviated hyperalgesia in CCI and SNL rats, an effect accompanied by the reversed expression of hypermethylated genes. Thus, DNA methylation inhibition represents a promising epigenetic strategy for protection against chronic NPP following nerve injury. Our study lays a theoretical foundation for 5-AZA to become a clinical targeted drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - DeZhao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - ZhiSen Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - YiSheng You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - ChenXing Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - YouYou Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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13
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Tobin I, Zhang G. Regulation of Host Defense Peptide Synthesis by Polyphenols. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:660. [PMID: 37107022 PMCID: PMC10135163 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance has created an urgent need for antibiotic-alternative strategies for disease control and prevention. Host defense peptides (HDPs), which have both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, are an important component of the innate immune system. A host-directed approach to stimulate the synthesis of endogenous HDPs has emerged as a promising solution to treat infections with a minimum risk for developing antimicrobial resistance. Among a diverse group of compounds that have been identified as inducers of HDP synthesis are polyphenols, which are naturally occurring secondary metabolites of plants characterized by the presence of multiple phenol units. In addition to their well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, a variety of polyphenols have been shown to stimulate HDP synthesis across animal species. This review summarizes both the in vitro and in vivo evidence of polyphenols regulating HDP synthesis. The mechanisms by which polyphenols induce HDP gene expression are also discussed. Natural polyphenols warrant further investigation as potential antibiotic alternatives for the control and prevention of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
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14
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Abdelmaksoud NM, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail A, Elsakka EGE, El-Husseiny AA, Khidr EG, Ali EM, Rashed MH, El-Demerdash FES, Doghish AS. The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of endometrial cancer: a spotlight on the convergence of signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154411. [PMID: 36921547 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 2nd common cancer in females after breast cancer. Besides, it's the most common among gynecological cancers. Several epigenetic factors such as miRNAs have been reported to affect EC aspects including initiation, progression, angiogenesis, and resistance to therapy. miRNAs could regulate the expression of various genes involved in EC pathogenesis. This effect is attributed to miRNAs' effects in proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. miRNAs also influence crucial EC-related mechanistic pathways such as JAK/STAT axis, EGFR, TGF-β signaling, and P53. Beside pathogenesis, miRNAs also have the potential to affect EC response to treatments including radio and chemotherapy. Thus, this review aims to illustrate the link between miRNAs and EC; focusing on the effects of miRNAs on EC signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Helmy Rashed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Fatma El-Saeed El-Demerdash
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
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15
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PAMAM-G4 protect the N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA) and maintain its antiproliferative effects on MCF-7. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3383. [PMID: 36854957 PMCID: PMC9974963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our work group designed and synthesized a promissory compound N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA). The HO-AAVPA is a HDAC1 inhibitor and antiproliferative in cancer cell lines. However, HO-AAVPA is poor water solubility and enzymatically metabolized. In this work, the fourth-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM-G4) was used as a drug deliver carrier of HO-AAVPA. Moreover, HO-AAVPA and HO-AAVPA-PAMAM complex were submitted to forced degradation studies (heat, acid, base, oxidation and sunlight). Also, the HO-AAVPA-PAMAM-G4 complex was assayed as antiproliferative in a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The HO-AAVPA-PAMAM-G4 complex was obtained by docking and experimentally using three pH conditions: acid (pH = 3.0), neutral (pH = 7.0) and basic (pH = 9.0) showing that PAMAM-G4 captureand protect the HO-AAVPA from forced degradation, it is due to sunlight yielded a by-product from HO-AAVPA. In addition, the PAMAM-G4 favored the HO-AAVPA water solubility under basic and neutral pH conditions with significant difference (F(2,18) = 259.9, p < 0.001) between the slopes of the three conditions being the basic condition which solubilizes the greatest amount of HO-AAVPA. Finally, the HO-AAVPA-PAMAM-G4 complex showed better antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 (IC50 = 75.3 μM) than HO-AAVPA (IC50 = 192 μM). These results evidence that PAMAM-G4 complex improve the biological effects of HO-AAVPA.
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16
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Sutopo NC, Kim JH, Cho JY. Role of histone methylation in skin cancers: Histone methylation-modifying enzymes as a new class of targets for skin cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188865. [PMID: 36841366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Histone methylation, one of the most prominent epigenetic modifications, plays a vital role in gene transcription, and aberrant histone methylation levels cause tumorigenesis. Histone methylation is a reversible enzyme-dependent reaction, and histone methyltransferases and demethylases are involved in this reaction. This review addresses the biological and clinical relevance of these histone methylation-modifying enzymes for skin cancer. In particular, the roles of histone lysine methyltransferases, histone arginine methyltransferase, lysine-specific demethylases, and JmjC demethylases in skin cancer are discussed in detail. In addition, we summarize the efficacy of several epigenetic inhibitors targeting histone methylation-modifying enzymes in cutaneous cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. In conclusion, we propose histone methylation-modifying enzymes as novel targets for next-generation pharmaceuticals in the treatment of skin cancers and further provide a rationale for the development of epigenetic drugs (epidrugs) that target specific histone methylases/demethylases in cutaneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Murugesan P, Begum H, Tangutur AD. Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation proteins as IDs for pancreatic cancer: Role in pancreatic cancer initiation, development and prognosis. Gene 2023; 853:147092. [PMID: 36464175 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A family of inhibitors of cell differentiation or DNA-binding proteins, known as ID proteins (ID1-4), function as mighty transcription factors in various cellular processes, such as inhibiting differentiation, promoting cell-cycle progression, senescence, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis in cancer. Pancreatic cancer represents the deadliest cancer with the lowest survival rate of 10% due to the diagnosis at an advanced fatal stage and therapeutic resistance. Modestly, the only curative option for this lethal cancer is surgery but is done in less than 15-20% of patients because of the locally aggressive and early metastatic nature. Finding the earliest biomarkers and targeting the various hallmarks of pancreatic cancer can improve the treatment and survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Therefore, herein in this review, we explore in depth the potential roles of ID proteins function in hallmarks of pancreatic cancer, signaling pathways, and its oncogenic and tumor-suppressive effects. Hence, understanding the roles of dysregulated ID proteins would provide new insights into its function in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Murugesan
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Habeebunnisa Begum
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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18
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Shuoxin Y, Shuping W, Xinyue Z, Tao Z, Yuanneng C. Progress of research on tumor organoids: A bibliometric analysis of relevant publications from 2011 to 2021. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1092870. [PMID: 36776331 PMCID: PMC9909405 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1092870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research on tumor organoids has developed rapidly over the past 20 years, but a systematic analysis of current research trends is lacking. Researchers in the field need relevant references and knowledge of current research hot spots. Bibliometric analysis and visualization is a systematic method of acquiring an in-depth understanding of the status of research on tumor organoids. Methods CiteSpace, VOSviewer and the Bibliometric Online Analysis Platform from the Web of Science Core Collection were used to analyze and predict publishing trends and research hot spots worldwide in the field of tumor organoids. Results A total of 3,666 publications on tumor organoids were retrieved, and 2,939 eligible articles were included in the final analysis. The number of publications has grown significantly, with the United States of America as the leading country for research on tumor organoids. Among journals, Cancers published the largest number of articles. Harvard Medical School published the highest number of articles among all institutions. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was ranked highest among all contributing institutions on the importance of their publications. A trend in multi-disciplinary collaboration was observed in studies on tumor organoids. Keywords indicated that the current research largely concentrated on optimizing the construction of organoid models to use for medication development and screening in the clinical setting, and to provide patients with individualized treatment for gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, which are newly emerging research hotspots. Gastric and colorectal cancers were the top two tumors that have received increasing attention and have become the focal points of recent studies. Conclusion This study analyzed 2,939 publications covering the topic of tumor organoids. Although optimizing the construction of organoid models has always been a hot topic in this field, the application of tumor organoids to the development of medications and screenings will foster individualized treatment for patients, which is another emerging hot spot in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shuoxin
- Graduate School of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wang Shuping
- Graduate School of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhang Xinyue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhang Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China,*Correspondence: Chen Yuanneng, ; Zhang Tao,
| | - Chen Yuanneng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China,*Correspondence: Chen Yuanneng, ; Zhang Tao,
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High-Throughput Screening for Epigenetic Compounds That Induce Human β-Defensin 1 Synthesis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020186. [PMID: 36830097 PMCID: PMC9952773 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial host defense peptides (HDPs) are critically important for innate immunity. Small-molecule compounds with the ability to induce HDP synthesis are being actively explored for antimicrobial therapy. To facilitate the discovery of the compounds that specifically activate human β-defensin 1 (DEFB1) gene transcription, we established a cell-based high-throughput screening assay that employs HT-29/DEFB1-luc, a stable reporter cell line expressing the luciferase gene driven by a 3-Kb DEFB1 gene promoter. A screening of a library of 148 small-molecule epigenetic compounds led to the identification of 28 hits, with a minimum strictly standardized mean difference of 3.0. Fourteen compounds were further selected and confirmed to be capable of inducing DEFB1 mRNA expression in human HT-29 colonic epithelial cells. Desirably, the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene was also induced by these epigenetic compounds. Benzamide-containing histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) were among the most potent HDP inducers identified in this study. Additionally, several major genes involved in intestinal barrier function, such as claudin-1, claudin-2, tight junction protein 1, and mucin 2, were differentially regulated by HDP inducers. These findings suggest the potential for the development of benzamide-based HDACi as host-directed antimicrobials for infectious disease control and prevention.
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Wang Q, Qi Y, Xiong F, Wang D, Wang B, Chen Y. The H2A.Z-KDM1A complex promotes tumorigenesis by localizing in the nucleus to promote SFRP1 promoter methylation in cholangiocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1166. [PMID: 36368958 PMCID: PMC9652970 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), originating from the bile ducts, is the second most common primary liver malignancy, and its incidence has recently increased. H2A.Z, a highly conserved H2A variant, is emerging as a key regulatory molecule in cancer. However, its underlying mechanism of action in ICC cells remains unclear. Methods Here, we examined the expression of H2A.Z and SFRP1 in normal intrahepatic cholangiocytes, ICC cell lines, ICC tissue microarrays, and fresh specimens. The correlations between H2A.Z or SFRP1 expression and clinical features were analysed. The overall survival rate was analysed based on H2A.Z and SFRP1 expression. Immunoprecipitation was used to analyse the recruitment of KDM1A, and ChIP sequencing and BSP were used to analyse the enrichment of methylation-related molecules such as H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 in the SFRP1 promoter and reveal the underlying mechanisms. Knockdown and rescue experiments were used to determine the potential mechanism by which H2A.Z and SFRP1 promote tumorigenesis in vitro. Results We showed that upregulation of H2A.Z expression is linked to downregulation of SFRP1 expression in ICC tissues and poor overall survival in patients with ICC. H2A.Z interacted with KDM1A in the nucleus to bind to the -151 ~ -136 bp region upstream of the SFRP1 promoter to increase its demethylation in ICC cells. Functionally, H2A.Z silencing inhibited the proliferation and invasion of ICC cells, and these effects were mitigated by SFRP1 silencing in ICC cells. Conclusions Our findings reveal that H2A.Z inhibits SFRP1 expression through chromatin modification in the context of ICC by forming a complex with KDM1A in the nucleus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10279-y.
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Biondo-Simões R, Biondo-Simões MDLP, Ioshii SO, Robes RR, Dall'Antonia MDO. The effects of valproic acid on skin healing: experimental study in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e370403. [PMID: 35857935 PMCID: PMC9290763 DOI: 10.1590/acb370403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To recognize the effects of valproic acid (VPA), an epigenetic drug, on the skin healing process. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the experiment treated with VPA (100 mg/kg/day); and the control, with 0.9% sodium chloride by gavage. Skin healing was studied in three moments (the third, the seventh, and the 14th day), evaluating the parameters: inflammatory reaction and its intensity (anti-LCA), angiogenesis (anti-CD34), collagen I and III (anti-collagen I, anti-collagen III and Picrosirius-red F3BA) and myofibroblasts (anti-alpha-AMS). Results: The inflammatory reaction was acute or sub-acute in both groups on the third day. On the seventh and the 14th day, chronic predominated in the control (p=0.006), and sub-acute in the experiment (p=0.020). There was a greater number of leukocytes in the group treated only on the third day (p=0.036). The number of vessels was lower in the treated group at the three times (p3=0.002, p7<0.001, and p14=0.027). Myofibroblasts were rare in the third day and moderate quantity in the remaining periods. Collagen I density was higher in the control at the three times (p<0.001) and collagen III in the treated group (p<0.001). Conclusions: VPA led to a more intense inflammatory reaction, decreased angiogenesis and collagen deposition, especially type I collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Biondo-Simões
- Fellow Master degree. Universidade Federal do Paraná - Postgraduate Program in Surgery Clinical - Curitiba (PR), Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Ossamu Ioshii
- Full Professor. Universidade Federal do Paraná - Department of Pathology - Curitiba (PR), Brazil
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High-Throughput Identification of Epigenetic Compounds to Enhance Chicken Host Defense Peptide Gene Expression. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070933. [PMID: 35884187 PMCID: PMC9311565 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the synthesis of endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) has emerged as a novel antibiotic-free approach to infectious disease control and prevention. A number of epigenetic compounds have been identified as HDP inducers and several have proved beneficial in antimicrobial therapy. However, species-specific regulation of HDP synthesis is evident. In attempt to identify epigenetic compounds with potent HDP-inducing activity for poultry-specific application, we developed a stable luciferase reporter cell line, known as HTC/AvBD10-luc, following our earlier construction of HTC/AvBD9-luc. HTC/AvBD10-luc was developed through permanent integration of a chicken macrophage cell line, HTC, with a lentiviral luciferase reporter vector driven by a 4-Kb AvBD10 gene promoter. Using a high throughput screening assay based on the two stable cell lines, we identified 33 hits, mostly being histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, from a library of 148 epigenetic compounds. Among them, entinostat and its structural analog, tucidinostat, were particularly effective in promoting multiple HDP gene expression in chicken macrophages and jejunal explants. Desirably, neither compounds triggered an inflammatory response. Moreover, oral gavage of entinostat significantly enhanced HDP gene expression in the chicken intestinal tract. Collectively, the high throughput assay proves to be effective in identifying HDP inducers, and both entinostat and tucidinostat could be potentially useful as alternatives to antibiotics to enhance intestinal immunity and disease resistance.
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Guo H, Zhu L, Huang L, Sun Z, Zhang H, Nong B, Xiong Y. APOBEC Alteration Contributes to Tumor Growth and Immune Escape in Pan-Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122827. [PMID: 35740493 PMCID: PMC9221198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The APOBEC3 family (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like) was shown to induce tumor mutations through an aberrant DNA editing mechanism. In this study, we found that APOBEC genes were widely and significantly differentially expressed between normal and cancer samples in 16 cancer types, and their expression levels were significantly correlated with the prognostic value in 17 cancer types. Further analysis of the APOBEC family revealed extensive regulatory mechanisms by which they affect the tumor microenvironment, the process of tumor oncogenesis and development, and their association with patient prognosis in pan-cancer. Abstract The accumulating evidence demonstrates that the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC), DNA-editing protein plays an important role in the molecular pathogenesis of cancer. In particular, the APOBEC3 family was shown to induce tumor mutations by an aberrant DNA editing mechanism. However, knowledge regarding the reconstitution of the APOBEC family genes across cancer types is still lacking. Here, we systematically analyzed the molecular alterations, immuno-oncological features, and clinical relevance of the APOBEC family in pan-cancer. We found that APOBEC genes were widely and significantly differentially expressed between normal and cancer samples in 16 cancer types, and that their expression levels are significantly correlated with the prognostic value in 17 cancer types. Moreover, two patterns of APOBEC-mediated stratification with distinct immune characteristics were identified in different cancer types, respectively. In ACC, for example, the first pattern of APOBEC-mediated stratification was closely correlated with the phenotype of immune activation, which was characterized by a high immune score, increased infiltration of CD8 T cells, and higher survival. The other pattern of APOBEC-mediated stratification was closely correlated with the low-infiltration immune phenotype, which was characterized by a low immune score, lack of effective immune infiltration, and poorer survival. Further, we found the APOBEC-mediated pattern with low-infiltration immune was also highly associated with the advanced tumor subtype and the CIMP-high tumor subtype (CpG island hypermethylation). Patients with the APOBEC-mediated pattern with immune activation were more likely to have therapeutic advantages in ICB (immunological checkpoint blockade) treatment. Overall, our results provide a valuable resource that will be useful in guiding oncologic and therapeutic analyses of the role of APOBEC family in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuanyan Xiong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-3994-3531; Fax: +86-20-3994-3778
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Rahbari R, Rasmi Y, Khadem-Ansari MH, Abdi M. The role of histone deacetylase 3 in breast cancer. Med Oncol 2022; 39:84. [PMID: 35578147 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently revealed that Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) 3, a unique member of the HDACs family, can trigger and progress cancers by alternation in genes expression and proteins activity. Epigenetic modifications by HDACs have been studied well in various cancer cells. Recent studies have focused on the HDAC enzymes as a possible target in cancer therapy. There are significant documents on upregulation of HDAC3 in breast cancer (BC) cells which suggest an oncogenic role for this enzyme. Interestingly, some studies showed that HDAC3 inhibition could be considered as a promising target in breast cancer therapy, and thus far, several inhibitors from different nature have been introduced. In this review, we discussed the function and highlight the existing inhibitors of HDAC3 in BC pathogenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezgar Rahbari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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The Potential Role of Nigella sativa Seed Oil as Epigenetic Therapy of Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092779. [PMID: 35566130 PMCID: PMC9101516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nigella sativa oil, commonly known as black seed oil (BSO), is a well-known Mediterranean food, and its consumption is associated with beneficial effects on human health. A large number of BSO's therapeutic properties is attributed to its pharmacologically active compound, thymoquinone (TQ), which inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting several epigenetic players, including the ubiquitin-like, containing plant homeodomain (PHD) and an interesting new gene, RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1), and its partners, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). This study was designed to compare the effects of locally sourced BSO with those of pure TQ on the expression of the epigenetic complex UHRF1/DNMT1/HDAC1 and the related events in several cancer cells. The gas chromatographs obtained from GC-MS analyses of extracted BSO showed that TQ was the major volatile compound. BSO significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7, HeLa and Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner, and it induced apoptosis in these cell lines. BSO-induced inhibitory effects were associated with a significant decrease in mRNA expression of UHRF1, DNMT1 and HDAC1. Molecular docking and MD simulation showed that TQ had good binding affinity to UHRF1 and HDAC1. Of note, TQ formed a stable metal coordinate bond with zinc tom, found in the active site of the HDAC1 protein. These findings suggest that the use of TQ-rich BSO represents a promising strategy for epigenetic therapy for both solid and blood tumors through direct targeting of the trimeric epigenetic complex UHRF1/DNMT1/ HDAC1.
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Lamiable-Oulaidi F, Harijan RK, Shaffer KJ, Crump DR, Sun Y, Du Q, Gulab SA, Khan AA, Luxenburger A, Woolhouse AD, Sidoli S, Tyler PC, Schramm VL. Synthesis and Characterization of Transition-State Analogue Inhibitors against Human DNA Methyltransferase 1. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5462-5494. [PMID: 35324190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypermethylation of CpG regions by human DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) silences tumor-suppression genes, and inhibition of DNMT1 can reactivate silenced genes. The 5-azacytidines are approved inhibitors of DNMT1, but their mutagenic mechanism limits their utility. A synthon approach from the analogues of S-adenosylhomocysteine, methionine, and deoxycytidine recapitulated the chemical features of the DNMT1 transition state in the synthesis of 16 chemically stable transition-state mimics. Inhibitors causing both full and partial inhibition of purified DNMT1 were characterized. The inhibitors show modest selectivity for DNMT1 versus DNMT3b. Active-site docking predicts inhibitor interactions with S-adenosyl-l-methionine and deoxycytidine regions of the catalytic site, validated by direct binding analysis. Inhibitor action with purified DNMT1 is not reflected in cultured cells. A partial inhibitor activated cellular DNA methylation, and a full inhibitor had no effect on cellular DNA methylation. These compounds provide chemical access to a new family of noncovalent DNMT chemical scaffolds for use in DNA methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Lamiable-Oulaidi
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33436, Petone 5046, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh K Harijan
- Biochemistry Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Karl J Shaffer
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33436, Petone 5046, New Zealand
| | - Douglas R Crump
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33436, Petone 5046, New Zealand
| | - Yan Sun
- Biochemistry Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Quan Du
- Biochemistry Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Shivali A Gulab
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33436, Petone 5046, New Zealand
| | - Ashna A Khan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33436, Petone 5046, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Luxenburger
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33436, Petone 5046, New Zealand
| | - Anthony D Woolhouse
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33436, Petone 5046, New Zealand
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Biochemistry Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Peter C Tyler
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33436, Petone 5046, New Zealand
| | - Vern L Schramm
- Biochemistry Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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Computing microRNA-gene interaction networks in pan-cancer using miRDriver. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3717. [PMID: 35260634 PMCID: PMC8904490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA copy number aberrated regions in cancer are known to harbor cancer driver genes and the short non-coding RNA molecules, i.e., microRNAs. In this study, we integrated the multi-omics datasets such as copy number aberration, DNA methylation, gene and microRNA expression to identify the signature microRNA-gene associations from frequently aberrated DNA regions across pan-cancer utilizing a LASSO-based regression approach. We studied 7294 patient samples associated with eighteen different cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified several cancer-specific and common microRNA-gene interactions enriched in experimentally validated microRNA-target interactions. We highlighted several oncogenic and tumor suppressor microRNAs that were cancer-specific and common in several cancer types. Our method substantially outperformed the five state-of-art methods in selecting significantly known microRNA-gene interactions in multiple cancer types. Several microRNAs and genes were found to be associated with tumor survival and progression. Selected target genes were found to be significantly enriched in cancer-related pathways, cancer hallmark and Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Furthermore, subtype-specific potential gene signatures were discovered in multiple cancer types.
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Borges B, Do Amaral P, Soldi L, Silva V, De Souza F, Cordeiro Da Luz F, De Araújo R, Silva M. Undetected αKlotho in serum is associated with the most aggressive phenotype of breast cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:93. [PMID: 35350405 PMCID: PMC8943645 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho, a cellular anti-senescence protein, is related to antitumor actions, growth regulation, proliferation and invasiveness in several types of tumor, including breast cancer. The present study aimed to analyze the serum levels of αKlotho in patients with breast cancer according to histopathological and immunohistochemical variables. A total of 74 patients and 60 healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected and serum levels were assessed by sandwich ELISA. Clinical and diagnostic data were obtained from medical records and databases of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (Uberlândia, Brazil). The results indicated no difference in the levels of αKlotho between patients and controls (P=0.068); however, the number of patients with breast cancer with undetectable αKlotho was high (n=52). Thus, the variables that were associated with the lowest survival rates were analyzed, relating them to undetectable αKlotho. Among cases of metastatic tumors or tumors with poor differentiation, positive lymph node status and triple-negative status, patients with undetectable αKlotho predominated and had unfavorable overall survival. Due to the significant results obtained in triple-negative patients, an in vitro analysis was performed to determine whether estrogen receptors (ERs) have a role in αKlotho production. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with ER agonists, estradiol (E2) and diarylpropionitrile (DPN), resulted in increases in αKlotho expression and supernatant levels of both agonists, demonstrating a direct association between the ER and Klotho production; of note, the ERβ-specific agonist DPN tripled αKlotho expression when compared to E2 (P=0.078). These data suggested that undetectable αKlotho in the serum of patients with breast cancer is related to unfavorable histopathological variables and poor prognosis and ERs possibly have an important role in maintaining adequate quantities of αKlotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Borges
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400‑902, Brazil
| | - Pedro Do Amaral
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400‑902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Soldi
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400‑902, Brazil
| | - Victor Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400‑902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda De Souza
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400‑902, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cordeiro Da Luz
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400‑902, Brazil
| | - Rogério De Araújo
- Núcleo de Prevenção, Pesquisa e Projeto de Câncer, Hospital do Câncer, Uberlândia, MG 38400‑902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400‑902, Brazil
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Ruzic D, Djoković N, Srdić-Rajić T, Echeverria C, Nikolic K, Santibanez JF. Targeting Histone Deacetylases: Opportunities for Cancer Treatment and Chemoprevention. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010209. [PMID: 35057104 PMCID: PMC8778744 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of gene expression is a critical event involved in all steps of tumorigenesis. Aberrant histone and non-histone acetylation modifications of gene expression due to the abnormal activation of histone deacetylases (HDAC) have been reported in hematologic and solid types of cancer. In this sense, the cancer-associated epigenetic alterations are promising targets for anticancer therapy and chemoprevention. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) induce histone hyperacetylation within target proteins, altering cell cycle and proliferation, cell differentiation, and the regulation of cell death programs. Over the last three decades, an increasing number of synthetic and naturally derived compounds, such as dietary-derived products, have been demonstrated to act as HDACi and have provided biological and molecular insights with regard to the role of HDAC in cancer. The first part of this review is focused on the biological roles of the Zinc-dependent HDAC family in malignant diseases. Accordingly, the small-molecules and natural products such as HDACi are described in terms of cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Furthermore, structural considerations are included to improve the HDACi selectivity and combinatory potential with other specific targeting agents in bifunctional inhibitors and proteolysis targeting chimeras. Additionally, clinical trials that combine HDACi with current therapies are discussed, which may open new avenues in terms of the feasibility of HDACi’s future clinical applications in precision cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Ruzic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.R.); (N.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Nemanja Djoković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.R.); (N.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Tatjana Srdić-Rajić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Cesar Echeverria
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapo 1531772, Chile;
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.R.); (N.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Juan F. Santibanez
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 4, POB 102, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2685-788; Fax: +381-11-2643-691
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Baksi R, Rana R, Nivsarkar M. Chemopreventive potential of plant-derived epigenetic inhibitors silibinin and quercetin: an involvement of apoptotic signaling cascade modulation. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epigenetic deregulation of the cellular apoptotic mechanism is the common hallmark of cancer. Silibinin (SBN) and quercetin (QCT) are two bioflavonoids well known for their epigenetic inhibition property. The objective of the present study was to explore the preventive anti-cancer efficacy of the SBN and QCT in both in vitro as well as in vivo tumor xenograft model through regulating cellular apoptotic signaling pathway.
Results
SBN and QCT inhibited the growth of A549 and MDA-MB-468 cancer cells in the concentration dependent manner. The treatment caused significant (p < 0.05) reduction of the size and the number of colonies formed by the cancer cells. In vitro apoptosis assay using the fluorescence microscopy revealed that the treatment noticeably increased the percentage of apoptotic cells as compared to the untreated control. Dosing with SBN (200mg/kg), QCT (100mg/kg) alone and in combination was initiated in 3-week-old C57BL6 mice. Interestingly, the treatment prevented tumor progression significantly (p < 0.05) in adult mice without causing any toxicity. Furthermore, SBN and QCT triggered apoptosis via modulating p53 and Bcl2 gene expression and the SOD enzyme activity.
Conclusion
Daily oral intake of SBN and QCT alone and in combination from the very early stage of life might prevent tumor growth in adult mice through activating cellular apoptotic signaling cascade.
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Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Epigenetic Pathways in Cancer: A Review on Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Quinones, and Isothiocyanates. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113714. [PMID: 34835969 PMCID: PMC8621755 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most complex and systemic diseases affecting the health of mankind, causing major deaths with a significant increase. This pathology is caused by several risk factors, of which genetic disturbances constitute the major elements, which not only initiate tumor transformation but also epigenetic disturbances which are linked to it and which can induce transcriptional instability. Indeed, the involvement of epigenetic disturbances in cancer has been the subject of correlations today, in addition to the use of drugs that operate specifically on different epigenetic pathways. Natural molecules, especially those isolated from medicinal plants, have shown anticancer effects linked to mechanisms of action. The objective of this review is to explore the anticancer effects of alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, and isothiocyanates.
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Xu Q, Zhang Q, Dong M, Yu Y. MicroRNA-638 inhibits the progression of breast cancer through targeting HOXA9 and suppressing Wnt/β-cadherin pathway. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:247. [PMID: 34416888 PMCID: PMC8379838 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies had shown that microRNA-638 (miR-638) exhibited different effects in malignant tumors. Moreover, the function of miR-638 has not been reported in breast cancer. Hence, we designed this research to explore the function of miR-638 in breast cancer. Methods Firstly, miR-638 expressions were measured in breast cancer tissues via RT-qPCR. Protein expressions were detected through immunocytochemical (IHC) assay and western blot analysis. Then, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Transwell assay were conducted to observe proliferation and motility of the cells. Dual luciferase assay was performed to confirm the binding site between miR-638 and Homeobox protein Hox-A9 (HOXA9). Results Reduced expression of miR-638 was detected in breast cancer. And low miR-638 expression was related to poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Functionally, the viability, migration, and invasion of the breast cancer cells were suppressed by miR-638 overexpression. Furthermore, miR-638 can directly bind to HOXA9, and increased expression of HOXA9 was also detected in breast cancer. In particular, HOXA9 upregulation can impair anti-tumor effect of miR-638 in breast cancer, and miR-638 can hinder the Wnt/β-cadherin pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer. Conclusion miR-638 inhibits breast cancer progression through binding to HOXA9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengli Dong
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, People's Republic of China.
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HIF-1 α RNAi Combined with Asparagus Polysaccharide Exerts an Antiangiogenesis Effect on Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9987383. [PMID: 34335854 PMCID: PMC8324350 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9987383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main form of primary liver cancer and is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening malignancies globally. Hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is the key factor in promoting angiogenesis in HCC. Currently, there are few studies on the effects of HIF-1α-targeted gene therapy combined with traditional Chinese herbal extracts. Objective We investigated the effects of HIF-1α RNA interference (RNAi) combined with asparagus polysaccharide (ASP) on HCC in vitro and in vivo. Methods CCK-8, wound-healing, transwell, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation assays were performed to evaluate the proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of HCC cells in vitro. In addition, western blotting, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, AKT, p-AKT, ERK, p-ERK, and CD34 in HCC cells. Results The combination of HIF-1α RNAi and ASP significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of SK-Hep1 and Hep-3B cells compared with the use of HIF-1α RNAi or ASP alone. In addition, this combined treatment was shown to exert these effects by regulating the PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways. These results were observed both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Our study indicates that HIF-1α RNAi combined with ASP inhibits angiogenesis in HCC via the PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, we suggest that this combination may be an effective method for the comprehensive treatment of HCC, which may provide new ideas for the treatment of other malignant tumors.
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Citarinostat and Momelotinib co-target HDAC6 and JAK2/STAT3 in lymphoid malignant cell lines: a potential new therapeutic combination. Apoptosis 2021; 25:370-387. [PMID: 32394008 PMCID: PMC7244621 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent an encouraging class of antitumor drugs. HDAC inhibitors induce a series of molecular and biological responses and minimal toxicity to normal cells. Citarinostat (Acy-241) is a second generation, orally administered, HDAC6-selective inhibitor. Momelotinib (CYT387) is an orally administered inhibitor of Janus kinase/signal transducer of transcription-3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling. Momelotinib showed efficacy in patients with myelofibrosis. We hypothesized that both HDAC and JAK/STAT pathways were important in lymphoproliferative disorders, and that inhibiting JAK/STAT3 and HDAC simultaneously might enhance the efficacy of momelotinib and citarinostat without increasing toxicity. Accordingly, we tested the citarinostat + momelotinib combination in lymphoid cell lines. Citarinostat + momelotinib showed strong cytotoxicity; it significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and activated caspases 9 and 3. Caspase-8 was upregulated in only two lymphoid cell lines, which indicated activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. We identified a lymphoid cell line that was only slightly sensitive to the combination treatment. We knocked down thioredoxin expression by transfecting with small interfering RNA that targeted thioredoxin. This knockdown increased cell sensitivity to the combination-induced cell death. The combination treatment reduced Bcl-2 expression, activated caspase 3, and significantly inhibited cell viability and clonogenic survival.
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Qiu MJ, Wang QS, Li QT, Zhu LS, Li YN, Yang SL, Xiong ZF. KIF18B is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with Immune Infiltrates in Pan-Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:559800. [PMID: 34109209 PMCID: PMC8182049 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.559800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases at present. Although effective screening and treatment can save lives to a certain extent, our knowledge of the disease is far from sufficient. KIF18B is a member of the kinesin-8 superfamily and plays a conserved regulatory role in the cell cycle. KIF18B reportedly functions as an oncogene in some human cancers, but the correlations between KIF18B and prognosis and immune-infiltrates in different cancers remain unclear. Methods: Data were collected from the TCGA, GTEx, CCLE, TIMER, and GSEA databases. The expression difference, survival, pathological stage, DNA methylation, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repairs (MMRs), tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell infiltration, and gene co-expression of KIF18B were analyzed using the R language software. Results: KIF18B was widely upregulated in cancers, compared with normal tissues, and high KIF18B expression was associated with unfavorable prognoses. TMB, MSI, MMRs, and DNA methylation correlated with KIF18B dysregulation in cancers. KIF18B correlated closely with tumor immunity and interacted with different immune cells and genes in different cancer types. Conclusion: KIF18B could be used as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun Qiu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Ting Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Li Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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LSD1 as a Biomarker and the Outcome of Its Inhibitors in the Clinical Trial: The Therapy Opportunity in Tumor. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5512524. [PMID: 33833800 PMCID: PMC8018836 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5512524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are the foremost cause of death worldwide. As a result of that, there has been a significant enhancement in the investigation, treatment methods, and good maintenance practices on cancer. However, the sensitivity and specificity of a lot of tumor biomarkers are not adequate. Hence, it is of inordinate significance to ascertain novel biomarkers to forecast the prognosis and therapy targets for tumors. This review characterized LSD1 as a biomarker in different tumors. LSD1 inhibitors in clinical trials were also discussed. The recent pattern advocates that LSD1 is engaged at sauce chromatin zones linking with complexes of multi-protein having an exact DNA-binding transcription factor, establishing LSD1 as a favorable epigenetic target, and also gives a large selection of therapeutic targets to treat different tumors. This review sturdily backing the oncogenic probable of LSD1 in different tumors indicated that LSD1 levels can be used to monitor and identify different tumors and can be a useful biomarker of progression and fair diagnosis in tumor patients. The clinical trials showed that inhibitors of LSD1 have growing evidence of clinical efficacy which is very encouraging and promising. However, for some of the inhibitors such as GSK2879552, though selective, potent, and effective, its disease control was poor as the rate of adverse events (AEs) was high in tumor patients causing clinical trial termination, and continuation could not be supported by the risk-benefit profile. Therefore, we propose that, to attain excellent clinical results of inhibitors of LSD1, much attention is required in designing appropriate dosing regimens, developing in-depth in vitro/in vivo mechanistic works of LSD1 inhibitors, and developing inhibitors of LSD1 that are reversible, safe, potent, and selective which may offer safer profiles.
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Cao Y, Li P, Zhang G, Kang L, Zhou T, Wu J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Guan H. MicroRNA Let-7c-5p-Mediated Regulation of ERCC6 Disrupts Autophagic Flux in Age-Related Cataract via the Binding to VCP. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1353-1362. [PMID: 33703976 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1900273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: DNA damage contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related cataract (ARC) and is repaired through the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, which includes ERCC6. Evidence has demonstrated that defective autophagy leads to lens organelle degradation and cataract. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ERCC6 on autophagy and determine its mechanisms in ARC.Methods: The clinical case-control study comprised 30 patients with ARC and 30 age-matched controls who received transparent lens extraction. Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess the ultrastructure of autophagic vesicles in lens anterior capsule tissues and lens epithelial cell line (SRA01/04). Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed to measure relative gene expression levels. Gene expression levels and localization were assessed by immunofluorescence. A coimmunoprecipitation assay was used to investigate the relationship between CSB which encoded by ERCC6 and VCP. ERCC6-siRNA and let-7 c-5p mimic were used to alter the expression of ERCC6 and let-7 c-5p.Results: Autophagy induction occurred in lens anterior capsule tissues of patients with ARC and in UVB-induced SRA01/04 cells, where the number of LC3B puncta was increased. Consistent with this result, the expression of beclin1 (BECN1) and LC3B, in addition to that of p62, was increased. Additionally, ERCC6 expression decreased, and silencing ERCC6 induced increases in the expression of BECN1, LC3B and p62. Moreover, CSB interacted with VCP, and let-7 c-5p induced dysregulation of autophagy by targeting ERCC6.Conclusion: In ARC, Let-7 c-5p-mediated downregulation of ERCC6 might prevent the degradation of autophagic vacuoles. CSB binds to VCP, inducing autophagosomes to combine with lysosomes and be degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianqiu Zhou
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Garcinol-A Natural Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor and New Anti-Cancer Epigenetic Drug. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062828. [PMID: 33799504 PMCID: PMC8001519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinol extracted from Garcinia indica fruit peel and leaves is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone. In traditional medicine it was used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Several studies have shown anti-cancer properties of garcinol in cancer cell lines and experimental animal models. Garcinol action in cancer cells is based on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but also on its potency to inhibit histone acetyltransferases (HATs). Recent studies indicate that garcinol may also deregulate expression of miRNAs involved in tumour development and progression. This paper focuses on the latest research concerning garcinol as a HAT inhibitor and miRNA deregulator in the development and progression of various cancers. Garcinol may be considered as a candidate for next generation epigenetic drugs, but further studies are needed to establish the precise toxicity, dosages, routes of administration, and safety for patients.
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Chang K, Yuan C, Liu X. A New RBPs-Related Signature Predicts the Prognosis of Colon Adenocarcinoma Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:627504. [PMID: 33767995 PMCID: PMC7985171 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.627504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) is closely related to tumorigenesis and development. However, the role of RBPs in Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is still poorly understood. We downloaded COAD’s RNASeq data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, screened the differently expressed RBPs in normal tissues and tumor, and constructed a protein interaction network. COAD patients were randomly divided into a training set (N = 315) and a testing set (N = 132). In the training set, univariate Cox analysis identified 12 RBPs significantly related to the prognosis of COAD. By multivariate COX analysis, we constructed a prognostic model composed of five RBPs (CELF4, LRRFIP2, NOP14, PPARGC1A, ZNF385A) based on the lowest Akaike information criterion. Each COAD patient was scored according to the model formula. Further analysis showed that compared with the low-risk group, the overall survival rate (OS) of patients in the high-risk group was significantly lower. The area under the curve of the time-dependent receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.722 in the training group and 0.738 in the test group, which confirmed a good prediction feature. In addition, a nomogram was constructed based on clinicopathological characteristics and risk scores. C-index and calibration curve proved the accuracy in predicting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of COAD patients. In short, we constructed a superior prognostic and diagnostic signature composed of five RBPs, which indicates new possibilities for individualized treatment of COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Chang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueguang Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kim HS, Son BK, Kwon MJ, Kim DH, Min KW. High KDM1A Expression Associated with Decreased CD8+T Cells Reduces the Breast Cancer Survival Rate in Patients with Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051112. [PMID: 33799951 PMCID: PMC7961911 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lysine-specific demethylase 1A (KDM1A) plays an important role in epigenetic regulation in malignant tumors and promotes cancer invasion and metastasis by blocking the immune response and suppressing cancer surveillance activities. The aim of this study was to analyze survival, genetic interaction networks and anticancer immune responses in breast cancer patients with high KDM1A expression and to explore candidate target drugs. Methods: We investigated clinicopathologic parameters, specific gene sets, immunologic relevance, pathway-based networks and in vitro drug response according to KDM1A expression in 456 and 789 breast cancer patients from the Hanyang university Guri Hospital (HYGH) and The Cancer Genome Atlas, respectively. Results: High KDM1A expression was associated with a low survival rate in patients with breast cancer. In analyses of immunologic gene sets, high KDM1A expression correlated with low immune responses. In silico flow cytometry results revealed low abundances of CD8+T cells and high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in those with high KDM1A expression. High KDM1A expression was associated with a decrease in the anticancer immune response in breast cancer. In pathway-based networks, KDM1A was linked directly to pathways related to the androgen receptor signaling pathway and indirectly to the immune pathway and cell cycle. We found that alisertib effectively inhibited breast cancer cell lines with high KDM1A expression. Conclusions: Strategies utilizing KDM1A may contribute to better clinical management/research for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Suk Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Korea;
| | - Byoung Kwan Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea;
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-H.K.); (K.-W.M.); Tel.: +82-2-2001-2392 (D.-H.K.); +82-31-560-2346 (K.-W.M.); Fax: +82-2-2001-2398 (D.-H.K.); Fax: +82-2-31-560-2402 (K.-W.M.)
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-H.K.); (K.-W.M.); Tel.: +82-2-2001-2392 (D.-H.K.); +82-31-560-2346 (K.-W.M.); Fax: +82-2-2001-2398 (D.-H.K.); Fax: +82-2-31-560-2402 (K.-W.M.)
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Favier A, Rocher G, Larsen AK, Delangle R, Uzan C, Sabbah M, Castela M, Duval A, Mehats C, Canlorbe G. MicroRNA as Epigenetic Modifiers in Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051137. [PMID: 33800944 PMCID: PMC7961497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 2nd most common gynecologic cancer worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that contribute to epigenetic regulation. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize our current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in the epigenetic deregulation of tumor-related genes in EC. It includes all miRNAs reported to be involved in EC including their roles in DNA methylation and RNA-associated silencing. This systematic review should be useful for development of novel strategies to improve diagnosis and risk assessment as well as for new treatments aimed at miRNAs, their target genes or DNA methylation. Abstract The objective of this systematic review is to summarize our current knowledge on the influence of miRNAs in the epigenetic deregulation of tumor-related genes in endometrial cancer (EC). We conducted a literature search on the role of miRNAs in the epigenetic regulation of EC applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following terms were used: microRNA, miRNA, miR, endometrial cancer, endometrium, epigenetic, epimutation, hypermethylation, lynch, deacetylase, DICER, novel biomarker, histone, chromatin. The miRNAs were classified and are presented according to their function (tumor suppressor or onco-miRNA), their targets (when known), their expression levels in EC tissue vs the normal surrounding tissue, and the degree of DNA methylation in miRNA loci and CpG sites. Data were collected from 201 articles, including 190 original articles, published between November 1, 2008 and September 30, 2020 identifying 313 different miRNAs implicated in epigenetic regulation of EC. Overall, we identified a total of 148 miRNAs with decreased expression in EC, 140 miRNAs with increased expression in EC, and 22 miRNAs with discordant expression levels. The literature implicated different epigenetic phenomena including altered miRNA expression levels (miR-182, -230), changes in the methylation of miRNA loci (miR-34b, -129-2, -130a/b, -152, -200b, -625) and increased/decreased methylation of target genes (miR-30d,-191). This work provides an overview of all miRNAs reported to be involved in epigenetic regulation in EC including DNA methylation and RNA-associated silencing. These findings may contribute to novel strategies in diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatments aimed at miRNAs, their target genes or DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia Favier
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Grégoire Rocher
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Annette K. Larsen
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Romain Delangle
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Catherine Uzan
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Mathieu Castela
- Scarcell Therapeutics, 101 rue de Sèvres, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Alex Duval
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Céline Mehats
- U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Institut Cochin, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Geoffroy Canlorbe
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.C.)
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Mastoraki A, Schizas D, Charalampakis N, Naar L, Ioannidi M, Tsilimigras D, Sotiropoulou M, Moris D, Vassiliu P, Felekouras E. Contribution of Histone Deacetylases in Prognosis and Therapeutic Management of Cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:175-184. [PMID: 32125662 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelium of the biliary tract, has a very poor prognosis because affected patients are frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage and recurrence after resection is common. Over the last two decades, our understanding of the molecular biology of this malignancy has expanded, and various studies have explored targeted therapy for CCA in order to improve patient survival. The histone acetylation/deacetylation equilibrium is affected in carcinogenesis, leading to altered chromatin structure and therefore changes in gene expression. Understanding the molecular identity of histone deacetylases (HDACs), their cellular interactions and potential role as anticancer agents will help us develop new therapeutic strategies for CCA-affected patients. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitors act on cellular stress response pathways and decrease cancer angiogenesis. Downregulation of pro-angiogenic genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibit formation of new vessels and can negatively affect the metastatic process. Finally, recent clinical trials prove that administration of both HDAC inhibitors and DNA-targeting chemotherapeutic agents, such as topoisomerase inhibitors, DNA intercalating agents, inhibitors of DNA synthesis, covalently modifying DNA agents, and ionizing radiation, maximizes the anticancer effect by increasing the cytotoxic efficiency of a variety of DNA-damaging anticancer drugs. Therefore, combination therapy of classic chemotherapeutic drugs with HDAC inhibitors can act synergistically for the patients' benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Mastoraki
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Leon Naar
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Ioannidi
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Diamantis Tsilimigras
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Dimitrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pantelis Vassiliu
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Felekouras
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Chen H, Yao J, Bao R, Dong Y, Zhang T, Du Y, Wang G, Ni D, Xun Z, Niu X, Ye Y, Li HB. Cross-talk of four types of RNA modification writers defines tumor microenvironment and pharmacogenomic landscape in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:29. [PMID: 33557837 PMCID: PMC7869236 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The four major RNA adenosine modifications, i.e., m6A, m1A, alternative polyadenylation, and adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, are mediated mostly by the “writer” enzymes and constitute critical mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in immune response and tumorigenesis. However, the cross-talk and potential roles of these “writers” in the tumor microenvironment (TME), drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy remain unknown. Methods We systematically characterized mRNA expression and genetic alterations of 26 RNA modification “writers” in colorectal cancer (CRC), and evaluated their expression pattern in 1697 CRC samples from 8 datasets. We used an unsupervised clustering method to assign the samples into two patterns of expression of RNA modification “writers”. Subsequently, we constructed the RNA modification “writer” Score (WM_Score) model based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responsible for the RNA modification patterns to quantify the RNA modification-related subtypes of individual tumors. Furthermore, we performed association analysis for WM_Score and characteristics of TME, consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs), clinical features, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, drug response, and the efficacy of immunotherapy. Results We demonstrated that multi-layer alterations of RNA modification “writer” are associated with patient survival and TME cell-infiltrating characteristics. We identified two distinct RNA modification patterns, characterized by a high and a low WM_Score. The WM_Score-high group was associated with worse patient overall survival and with the infiltration of inhibitory immune cells, such as M2 macrophages, EMT activation, and metastasis, while the WM_Score-low group was associated with a survival advantage, apoptosis, and cell cycle signaling pathways. WM_Score correlated highly with the regulation of transcription and post-transcriptional events contributing to the development of CRC. In response to anti-cancer drugs, WM_Score highly negatively correlated (drug sensitive) with drugs which targeted oncogenic related pathways, such as MAPK, EGFR, and mTOR signaling pathways, positively correlated (drug resistance) with drugs which targeted in apoptosis and cell cycle. Importantly, the WM_Score was associated with the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade, suggesting that the development of potential drugs targeting these “writers” to aid the clinical benefits of immunotherapy. Conclusions Our study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of four RNA modifications in CRC. We revealed the potential function of these writers in TME, transcriptional and post-transcriptional events, and identified their therapeutic liability in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. This work highlights the cross-talk and potential clinical utility of RNA modification “writers” in cancer therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01322-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiameng Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rujuan Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Duan Ni
- The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Zhenzhen Xun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Carbamazepine, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line HT-29. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:564-570. [PMID: 31407251 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Colon cancer ranks fourth and is responsible for causing 10% cancer-related mortality in western countries. Its incidence is rising in many countries due to widespread adoption of the Western diet and lifestyle. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a FDA-approved antiepileptic drug and a histone deacetylase inhibitor. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic potentials of CBZ in human colon cancer cells (HT-29 cells). METHODS HT-29 cells were treated with 36 and 76 μg/ml of CBZ for 24 h. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was evaluated through dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining. Morphological changes related to apoptosis were evaluated by dual staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide. Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by rhodamine 123 staining. Immunofluorescence analysis of caspase 3 was done with confocal microscopy. RESULTS CBZ caused significant cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells and the effect was concentration dependent. CBZ treatments also caused significant expression of ROS in HT-29 cells. Dual staining showed early and late apoptotic cells and morphological alterations induced by the CBZ. Confocal microscopic studies confirmed the increased caspase 3 expression in CBZ-treated cells. CONCLUSION CBZ induced apoptosis in HT-29 cell through ROS generation and caspase 3 expression and these results pave the way for further in vivo studies.
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Qiu S, Li D, Shen Z, Li Q, Shen Y, Deng H, Wu Y, Zhou C. Diagnostic and prognostic value of FOXD1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:693-702. [PMID: 33403027 PMCID: PMC7778536 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXD1 has been reported to function as an oncogene in several types of cancer. This study evaluated the expression of FOXD1 and its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We mined the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases for expression profiles, clinical significance, and potential mechanisms of FOXD1in HNSCC. Our validation cohort consisted of FOXD1 mRNA expression in 162 paired HNSCC and adjacent normal tissues, as determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. FOXD1 expression was upregulated in HNSCC in the public databases and in the validation cohort. The expression level of FOXD1 was associated with DNA amplification and methylation level. The areas under the curves (AUC) of TCGA cohort and the validation cohort were 0.855 and 0.843, respectively. Furthermore, higher FOXD1 expression was significantly associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.849, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.280-2.670, P = 0.001) and a lower rate of recurrence-free survival (HR: 1.650, 95% CI: 1.058-2.575, P = 0.027) in patients with HNSCC. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis showed that cases of HNSCC with FOXD1 overexpression were enriched in bladder cancer, cell cycle, DNA replication, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis chondroitin sulfate, homologous recombination, glycan biosynthesis, nucleotide excision repair, p53 signaling pathway, pyrimidine metabolism, and spliceosome pathways. In summary, FOXD1 was significantly upregulated in HNSCC and was a good diagnostic biomarker and an independent predictor of poor survival and low rate of recurrence-free survival in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Yinzhou, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yidong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Effect of photodynamic therapy on expression of HRAS, NRAS and caspase 3 genes at mRNA levels, apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102142. [PMID: 33307231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on expression of CASP3, NRAS and HRAS genes at mRNA levels, and apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to complete the present in vitro study, HNSCC cell line (NCBI C196 HN5) purchased from Pasteur Institute. Cells were divided into four groups; Group 1: photodynamic treatment (laser + methylene blue (MB) as photosensitizer), group 2: MB, group 3: laser (with 660 nm wavelength), and group 4: control (without any treatment). To determine the optimal concentration of MB, in a pilot study, toxicity of MB in different concentration was assessed using MTT assay. Cells in group 1, 2 and 3 was treated at optimal concentration of MB (1.6 μg/mL). Gene expression at mRNA levels was assessed after 24 h incubation, using real-time (qRT)-PCR. The expression of BAX and BCL2 genes at the mRNA levels was analyzed to evaluate apoptosis. 2-ΔΔCt values of BCL2, BAX, CASP3, NRAS, and HRAS in groups was analyzed using ANOVA. Tukey's HSD and Games Howell test was used to compare between two groups. RESULTS Over-expression of BAX (p < 0.001), CASP3 (p < 0.001) and down-regulation of BCL2 (p = 0.004), HRAS (p = 0.023) and NRAS (p = 0.045) were noted in group 1 (PDT), compared with the control group. Treatment by laser alone induce down-regulation of CASP3 (p < 0.05), BAX (p < 0.05), BCL2 (p > 0.05), HRAS (p > 0.05) and NRAS (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION PDT caused down-regulation of NRAS, HRAS and BCL2 and over-expression of CASP3 and BAX genes at mRNA levels in HNSCC cell line. The present study raises the possibility that the role of MB on BCL2 down-regulation and BAX and CASP3 over-expression was higher than laser alone while it seems that laser alone was more effective than MB in HRAS and NRAS down-regulation.
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Cai L, Chen J, Deng F, Wang L, Chen Y. MiR‐326 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of endometrial cancer by targeting Bcl‐2. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 47:621-630. [PMID: 33210403 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine Nanchang China
| | - Juan‐Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine Nanchang China
| | - Fu‐Mou Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Lei Wang
- Further Education Department Jiangxi Health Vocational College Nanchang China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine Nanchang China
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Xu P, Wu Q, Lu D, Yu J, Rao Y, Kou Z, Fang G, Liu W, Han H. A systematic study of critical miRNAs on cells proliferation and apoptosis by the shortest path. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:396. [PMID: 32894041 PMCID: PMC7487489 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are a class of important small noncoding RNAs, which have been reported to be involved in the processes of tumorigenesis and development by targeting a few genes. Existing studies show that the imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is closely related to the initiation and development of cancers. However, the impact of miRNAs on this imbalance has not been studied systematically. RESULTS In this study, we first construct a cell fate miRNA-gene regulatory network. Then, we propose a systematical method for calculating the global impact of miRNAs on cell fate genes based on the shortest path. Results on breast cancer and liver cancer datasets show that most of the cell fate genes are perturbed by the differentially expressed miRNAs. Most of the top-identified miRNAs are verified in the Human MicroRNA Disease Database (HMDD) and are related to breast and liver cancers. Function analysis shows that the top 20 miRNAs regulate multiple cell fate related function modules and interact tightly based on their functional similarity. Furthermore, more than half of them can promote sensitivity or induce resistance to some anti-cancer drugs. Besides, survival analysis demonstrates that the top-ranked miRNAs are significantly related to the overall survival time in the breast and liver cancers group. CONCLUSION In sum, this study can help to systematically study the important role of miRNAs on proliferation and apoptosis and thereby uncover the key miRNAs during the process of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the results of this study will contribute to the development of clinical therapy based miRNAs for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Institute of computational science and technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,School of computer science of information technology, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Deyang Lu
- Institute of computational science and technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Institute of computational science and technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongsheng Rao
- Institute of computational science and technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Kou
- Institute of computational science and technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Fang
- Institute of computational science and technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Institute of computational science and technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Henry Han
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Fordham University, New York, NY, 10023, USA.
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Hou X, Shou C, He M, Xu J, Cheng Y, Yuan Z, Lan M, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Gao F. A combination of LightOn gene expression system and tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticle delivery system for targeted breast cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1741-1753. [PMID: 33088693 PMCID: PMC7564032 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A light-switchable transgene system called LightOn gene expression system could regulate gene expression with a high on/off ratio under blue light, and have great potential for spatiotemporally controllable gene expression. We developed a nanoparticle drug delivery system (NDDS) to achieve tumor microenvironment-responsive and targeted delivery of diphtheria toxin A (DTA) fragment-encoded plasmids to tumor sites. The expression of DTA was induced by exposure to blue light. Nanoparticles composed of polyethylenimine and vitamin E succinate linked by a disulfide bond, and PEGylated hyaluronic acid modified with RGD peptide, accumulated in tumor tissues and were actively internalized into 4T1 cells via dual targeting to CD44 and αvβ3 receptors. The LightOn gene expression system was able to control target protein expression through regulation of the intensity or duration of blue light exposure. In vitro studies showed that light-induced DTA expression reduced 4T1 cell viability and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the LightOn gene expression system enabled spatiotemporal control of the expression of DTA in a mouse 4T1 tumor xenograft model, which resulted in excellent antitumor effects, reduced tumor angiogenesis, and no systemic toxicity. The combination of the LightOn gene expression system and NDDS may be an effective strategy for treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chenting Shou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Muye He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zeting Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Optogenetics & Molecular Imaging Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Optogenetics & Molecular Imaging Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Optogenetics & Molecular Imaging Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 21 64252449; fax: +86 21 64258277.
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 21 64252449; fax: +86 21 64258277.
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Skipping Exon-v6 from CD44v6-Containing Isoforms Influences Chemotherapy Response and Self-Renewal Capacity of Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092378. [PMID: 32842638 PMCID: PMC7564355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo expressed CD44 isoforms containing exon-v6 are frequently associated with gastric cancer (GC) aggressiveness, and may predict chemotherapy response in vitro. Whether exon-v6 itself is responsible for conferring these properties to CD44v6-containing isoforms remains to be elucidated. CRISPR/Cas9 and Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomers (PMOs) were used to induce specific exon-v6 skipping, maintaining the CD44 reading frame, in two GC cell lines endogenously expressing CD44v6. Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil treatment response, and self-renewal ability was compared between CRISPR/Cas9-edited, CD44v6 knockdown and mock cells. We obtained homozygous genome-edited cell lines with exon-v6 deletion. Edited cells transcribed CD44v isoforms presenting in frame v5–v7 splicing, mimicking exon-v6 skipping. Results showed that removing specifically exon-v6 sensitizes cells to cisplatin and impairs cells’ self-renewal ability, similarly to CD44v6 knockdown. In parallel, we also tested a clinically feasible approach for transient exon-v6 skipping with a PMO-based strategy. We demonstrate that exon-v6 specific removal from CD44v isoforms increases cell sensitivity to cisplatin and impairs GC cells self-renewal. We trust that a PMO approach designed towards CD44v6 overexpressing GC cells may be a suitable approach to sensitize tumor cells for conventional therapy.
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