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Jiang G, Zhou X, Hu Y, Tan X, Wang D, Yang L, Zhang Q, Liu S. The antipsychotic drug pimozide promotes apoptosis through the RAF/ERK pathway and enhances autophagy in breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2302413. [PMID: 38356266 PMCID: PMC10878017 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2302413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The antipsychotic drug pimozide has been demonstrated to inhibit cancer. However, the precise anti-cancer mechanism of pimozide remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pimozide on human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, and the potential involvement in the RAF/ERK signaling. The effects of pimozide on cells were examined by 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-3,5-diphenylformazan, wound healing, colony formation, transwell assays, and caspase activity assay. Flow cytometry and acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining were performed to assess changes in cells. Transmission electron microscopy and monodansylcadaverine staining were used to observe autophagosomes. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate was evaluated using the FRET system. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, RNA interference, and western blot investigated the expression of proteins. Mechanistically, we focus on the RAF1/ERK signaling. We detected pimozide was docked to RAF1 by Schrodinger software. Pimozide down-regulated the phosphorylation of RAF1, ERK 1/2, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl, up-regulated Bax, and cleaved caspase-9 to induce apoptosis. Pimozide might promote autophagy by up-regulating cAMP. The enhancement of autophagy increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and down-regulated p62 expression. But mTOR signaling was not involved in promoting autophagy. The knockdown of RAF1 expression induced autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer cells, consistent with the results of pimozide or sorafenib alone. Blocked autophagy by chloroquine resulted in the impairment of pimozide-induced apoptosis. These data showed that pimozide inhibits breast cancer by regulating the RAF/ERK signaling pathway and might activate cAMP-induced autophagy to promote apoptosis and it may be a potential drug for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Jiang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Biology, Life Science and Technology College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xingzhi Zhou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qinggao Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Kundu M, Das S, Dey A, Mandal M. Dual perspective on autophagy in glioma: Detangling the dichotomous mechanisms of signaling pathways for therapeutic insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189168. [PMID: 39121913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a normal physiological process that aids the recycling of cellular nutrients, assisting the cells to cope with stressed conditions. However, autophagy's effect on cancer, including glioma, is uncertain and involves complicated molecular mechanisms. Several contradictory reports indicate that autophagy may promote or suppress glioma growth and progression. Autophagy inhibitors potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy or radiation therapy in glioma. Numerous compounds stimulate autophagy to cause glioma cell death. Autophagy is also involved in the therapeutic resistance of glioma. This review article aims to detangle the complicated molecular mechanism of autophagy to provide a better perception of the two-sided role of autophagy in glioma and its therapeutic implications. The protein and epigenetic modulators of the cytoprotective and cytotoxic role of autophagy are described in this article. Moreover, several signaling pathways are associated with autophagy and its effects on glioma. We have reviewed the molecular pathways and highlighted the signaling axis involved in cytoprotective and cytotoxic autophagy. Additionally, this article discusses the role of autophagy in therapeutic resistance, including glioma stem cell maintenance and tumor microenvironment regulation. It also summarizes several investigations on the anti-glioma effects of autophagy modulators to understand the associated mechanisms and provide insights regarding its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Kundu
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India; Center for Multidisciplinary Research & Innovations, Brainware University, Barasat, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat, India.
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India; Department of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Barasat, India
| | - Ankita Dey
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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3
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Therapeutic Potential and Limitation of Serotonin Type 7 Receptor Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032070. [PMID: 36768393 PMCID: PMC9916679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a number of mood-stabilising atypical antipsychotics and antidepressants modulate serotonin type 7 receptor (5-HT7), the detailed contributions of 5-HT7 function to clinical efficacy and pathophysiology have not been fully understood. The mood-stabilising antipsychotic agent, lurasidone, and the serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor, vortioxetine, exhibit higher binding affinity to 5-HT7 than other conventional antipsychotics and antidepressants. To date, the initially expected rapid onset of antidepressant effects-in comparison with conventional antidepressants or mood-stabilising antipsychotics-due to 5-HT7 inhibition has not been observed with lurasidone and vortioxetine; however, several clinical studies suggest that 5-HT7 inhibition likely contributes to quality of life of patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders via the improvement of cognition. Furthermore, recent preclinical studies reported that 5-HT7 inhibition might mitigate antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic complication by blocking other monoamine receptors. Further preclinical studies for the development of 5-HT7 modulation against neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases have been ongoing. To date, various findings from various preclinical studies indicate the possibility that 5-HT7 modifications can provide two independent strategies. The first is that 5-HT7 inhibition ameliorates the dysfunction of inter-neuronal transmission in mature networks. The other is that activation of 5-HT7 can improve transmission dysfunction due to microstructure abnormality in the neurotransmission network-which could be unaffected by conventional therapeutic agents-via modulating intracellular signalling during the neurodevelopmental stage or via loss of neural networks with aging. This review attempts to describe the current and novel clinical applications of 5-HT7 modulation based on preclinical findings.
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The Effects of Drying Techniques on Phytochemical Contents and Biological Activities on Selected Bamboo Leaves. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196458. [PMID: 36234995 PMCID: PMC9571890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of bamboos has acquired global attention. Nonetheless, the biological activities of the plants are rarely considered due to limited available references in Sabah, Malaysia. Furthermore, the drying technique could significantly affect the retention and degradation of nutrients in bamboos. Consequently, the current study investigated five drying methods, namely, sun, shade, microwave, oven, and freeze-drying, of the leaves of six bamboo species, Bambusa multiplex, Bambusa tuldoides, Bambusa vulgaris, Dinochloa sublaevigata, Gigantochloa levis, and Schizostachyum brachycladum. The infused bamboo leaves extracts were analysed for their total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The antioxidant activities of the samples were determined via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, whereas their toxicities were evaluated through the brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). The chemical constituents of the samples were determined using liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The freeze-drying method exhibited the highest phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity yield, excluding the B. vulgaris sample, in which the microwave-dried sample recorded the most antioxidant and phytochemical levels. The TPC and TFC results were within the 2.69 ± 0.01−12.59 ± 0.09 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 0.77 ± 0.01−2.12 ± 0.01 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g ranges, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) were 2.92 ± 0.01−4.73 ± 0.02 and 1.89−0.01 to 3.47 ± 0.00 µg/mL, respectively, indicating high radical scavenging activities. The FRAP values differed significantly between the drying methods, within the 6.40 ± 0.12−36.65 ± 0.09 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g range. The phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacities exhibited a moderate correlation, revealing that the TPC and TFC were slightly responsible for the antioxidant activities. The toxicity assessment of the bamboo extracts in the current study demonstrated no toxicity against the BSLA based on the LC50 (lethal concentration 50) analysis at >1000 µg/mL. LC-MS analysis showed that alkaloid and pharmaceutical compounds influence antioxidant activities, as found in previous studies. The acquired information might aid in the development of bamboo leaves as functional food items, such as bamboo tea. They could also be investigated for their medicinal ingredients that can be used in the discovery of potential drugs.
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Yeh SJ, Chen BS. Systems Medicine Design based on Systems Biology Approaches and Deep Neural Network for Gastric Cancer. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:3019-3031. [PMID: 34232888 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3095369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the world. It is associated with the stimulation of microenvironment, aberrant epigenetic modification, and chronic inflammation. However, few researches discuss the GC molecular progression mechanisms from the perspective of the system level. In this study, we proposed a systems medicine design procedure to identify essential biomarkers and find corresponding drugs for GC. At first, we did big database mining to construct candidate protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) and candidate gene regulation network (GRN). Second, by leveraging the next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, we performed system modeling and applied system identification and model selection to obtain real genome-wide genetic and epigenetic networks (GWGENs). To make the real GWGENs easy to analyze, the principal network projection method was used to extract the core signaling pathways denoted by KEGG pathways. Subsequently, based on the identified biomarkers, we trained a deep neural network of drug-target interaction (DeepDTI) with supervised learning and filtered our candidate drugs considering drug regulation ability and drug sensitivity. With the proposed systematic strategy, we not only shed the light on the progression of GC but also suggested potential multiple-molecule drugs efficiently.
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Brown JS. Treatment of cancer with antipsychotic medications: Pushing the boundaries of schizophrenia and cancer. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104809. [PMID: 35970416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Over a century ago, the phenothiazine dye, methylene blue, was discovered to have both antipsychotic and anti-cancer effects. In the 20th-century, the first phenothiazine antipsychotic, chlorpromazine, was found to inhibit cancer. During the years of elucidating the pharmacology of the phenothiazines, reserpine, an antipsychotic with a long historical background, was likewise discovered to have anti-cancer properties. Research on the effects of antipsychotics on cancer continued slowly until the 21st century when efforts to repurpose antipsychotics for cancer treatment accelerated. This review examines the history of these developments, and identifies which antipsychotics might treat cancer, and which cancers might be treated by antipsychotics. The review also describes the molecular mechanisms through which antipsychotics may inhibit cancer. Although the overlap of molecular pathways between schizophrenia and cancer have been known or suspected for many years, no comprehensive review of the subject has appeared in the psychiatric literature to assess the significance of these similarities. This review fills that gap and discusses what, if any, significance the similarities have regarding the etiology of schizophrenia.
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Persico M, Abbruzzese C, Matteoni S, Matarrese P, Campana AM, Villani V, Pace A, Paggi MG. Tackling the Behavior of Cancer Cells: Molecular Bases for Repurposing Antipsychotic Drugs in the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020263. [PMID: 35053377 PMCID: PMC8773942 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with a very dismal prognosis, and current therapeutic options still retain an overall unsatisfactorily efficacy in clinical practice. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches and effective medications are highly needed. Since the development of new drugs is an extremely long, complex and expensive process, researchers and clinicians are increasingly considering drug repositioning/repurposing as a valid alternative to the standard research process. Drug repurposing is also under active investigation in GBM therapy, since a wide range of noncancer and cancer therapeutics have been proposed or investigated in clinical trials. Among these, a remarkable role is played by the antipsychotic drugs, thanks to some still partially unexplored, interesting features of these agents. Indeed, antipsychotic drugs have been described to interfere at variable incisiveness with most hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we analyze the effects of antipsychotics in oncology and how these drugs can interfere with the hallmarks of cancer in GBM. Overall, according to available evidence, mostly at the preclinical level, it is possible to speculate that repurposing of antipsychotics in GBM therapy might contribute to providing potentially effective and inexpensive therapies for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Persico
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Claudia Abbruzzese
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Matteoni
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Campana
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Veronica Villani
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Pace
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Marco G. Paggi
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-52662550
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Maqsood Q, Sumrin A, Mahnoor M, Waseem M, Tabassum N, Bhattacharya R, Saraf D, Bose D. Tumor suppressor protein p53 and association of its gene TP53 with schizophrenia patients. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Meyer N, Henkel L, Linder B, Zielke S, Tascher G, Trautmann S, Geisslinger G, Münch C, Fulda S, Tegeder I, Kögel D. Autophagy activation, lipotoxicity and lysosomal membrane permeabilization synergize to promote pimozide- and loperamide-induced glioma cell death. Autophagy 2021; 17:3424-3443. [PMID: 33461384 PMCID: PMC8632287 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1874208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that induction of lethal macroautophagy/autophagy carries potential significance for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). In continuation of previous work, we demonstrate that pimozide and loperamide trigger an ATG5- and ATG7 (autophagy related 5 and 7)-dependent type of cell death that is significantly reduced with cathepsin inhibitors and the lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger α-tocopherol in MZ-54 GBM cells. Global proteomic analysis after treatment with both drugs also revealed an increase of proteins related to lipid and cholesterol metabolic processes. These changes were accompanied by a massive accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids in the lysosomal compartment, indicative of impaired lipid transport/degradation. In line with these observations, pimozide and loperamide treatment were associated with a pronounced increase of bioactive sphingolipids including ceramides, glucosylceramides and sphingoid bases measured by targeted lipidomic analysis. Furthermore, pimozide and loperamide inhibited the activity of SMPD1/ASM (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1) and promoted induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), as well as release of CTSB (cathepsin B) into the cytosol in MZ-54 wild-type (WT) cells. Whereas LMP and cell death were significantly attenuated in ATG5 and ATG7 knockout (KO) cells, both events were enhanced by depletion of the lysophagy receptor VCP (valosin containing protein), supporting a pro-survival function of lysophagy under these conditions. Collectively, our data suggest that pimozide and loperamide-driven autophagy and lipotoxicity synergize to induce LMP and cell death. The results also support the notion that simultaneous overactivation of autophagy and induction of LMP represents a promising approach for the treatment of GBM.Abbreviations: ACD: autophagic cell death; AKT1: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG14: autophagy related 14; CERS1: ceramide synthase 1; CTSB: cathepsin B; CYBB/NOX2: cytochrome b-245 beta chain; ER: endoplasmatic reticulum; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GBM: glioblastoma; GO: gene ontology; HTR7/5-HT7: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; RB1CC1: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; SMPD1/ASM: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1; VCP/p97: valosin containing protein; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Meyer
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Henkel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Svenja Zielke
- Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Lianos GD, Alexiou GA, Rausei S, Galani V, Mitsis M, Kyritsis AP. Repurposing antipsychotic drugs for cancer treatment: current evidence and future perspectives. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 22:131-134. [PMID: 34612130 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.1987221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Lianos
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George A Alexiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefano Rausei
- Department of Surgery, ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Galani
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michail Mitsis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Ishikawa C, Mori N. The antipsychotic drug pimozide is effective against human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected T cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174373. [PMID: 34303663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), exhibit poor prognosis owing to drug resistance. Pimozide is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and antipsychotic shown to exhibit anticancer activity. Herein, we investigated whether pimozide exerts anti-ATL effects and explored the mechanisms underlying these effects. Pimozide inhibited cell growth and survival in HTLV-1-infected T cells but not in the uninfected T cells. The dopamine D2 receptor subfamily mRNA expression levels in HTLV-1-infected T cells were high. Pimozide induced G1 cell cycle arrest concomitant with the upregulation of p21/p27/p53, and suppression of cyclin D2/E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2/4/6 and c-Myc expression, and pRb phosphorylation. Pimozide also induced apoptosis by activating caspases, upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins and downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins. Additionally, it promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and increased the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker activating transcription factor 4 and the DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45α and the phosphorylation of the DNA damage marker H2AX. Furthermore, pimozide-induced cytotoxicity was partially inhibited by a ROS scavenger, and pan-caspase and necroptosis inhibitors, indicating the involvement of caspase-dependent and -independent lethal pathways. The activities of the nuclear factor-κB, Akt, STAT3/5 and AP-1 signaling pathways were inhibited via the dephosphorylation of IκBα, IκB kinase α/β, Akt and STAT3/5, in addition to reduced JunB and JunD expression in HTLV-1-infected T cells. Pimozide also exhibited potent anti-ATL activity in the xenograft mouse model. These findings demonstrated the efficacy of pimozide as a potential therapeutic agent for ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan; Division of Health Sciences, Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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Allegra A, Sant'Antonio E, Musolino C, Ettari R. New insights into neuropeptides regulation of immune system and hemopoiesis: effects on hematologic malignancies. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2412-2437. [PMID: 34521320 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210914120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several neurotransmitters and neuropeptides were reported to join to or to cooperate with different cells of the immune system, bone marrow, and peripheral cells and numerous data support that neuroactive molecules might control immune system activity and hemopoiesis operating on lymphoid organs, and the primary hematopoietic unit, the hematopoietic niche. Furthermore, many compounds seem to be able to take part to the leukemogenesis and lymphomagenesis process, and in the onset of multiple myeloma. In this review, we will assess the possibility that neurotransmitters and neuropeptides may have a role in the onset of haematological neoplasms, may affect the response to treatment or may represent a useful starting point for a new therapeutic approach. More in vivo investigations are needed to evaluate neuropeptide's role in haematological malignancies and the possible utilization as an antitumor therapeutic target. Comprehending the effect of the pharmacological administration of neuropeptide modulators on hematologic malignancies opens up new possibilities in curing clonal hematologic diseases to achieve more satisfactory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina. Italy
| | | | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina. Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina. Italy
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Antoszczak M, Markowska A, Markowska J, Huczyński A. Antidepressants and Antipsychotic Agents as Repurposable Oncological Drug Candidates. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2137-2174. [PMID: 32895037 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200907141452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning/reprofiling, is a relatively new strategy for the identification of alternative uses of well-known therapeutics that are outside the scope of their original medical indications. Such an approach might entail a number of advantages compared to standard de novo drug development, including less time needed to introduce the drug to the market, and lower costs. The group of compounds that could be considered as promising candidates for repurposing in oncology include the central nervous system drugs, especially selected antidepressant and antipsychotic agents. In this article, we provide an overview of some antidepressants (citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline) and antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, pimozide, thioridazine, trifluoperazine) that have the potential to be repurposed as novel chemotherapeutics in cancer treatment, as they have been found to exhibit preventive and/or therapeutic action in cancer patients. Nevertheless, although drug repurposing seems to be an attractive strategy to search for oncological drugs, we would like to clearly indicate that it should not replace the search for new lead structures, but only complement de novo drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Antoszczak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Markowska
- \Department of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janina Markowska
- Department of Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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Rosas-Cruz A, Salinas-Jazmín N, Velázquez MAV. Dopamine Receptors in Cancer: Are They Valid Therapeutic Targets? Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211027913. [PMID: 34212819 PMCID: PMC8255587 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211027913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine receptors (DRs) family includes 5 members with differences in signal transduction and ligand affinity. Abnormal DRs expression has been correlated multiple tumors with their clinical outcome. Thus, it has been proposed that DRs-targeting drugs-developed for other diseases as schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease-could be helpful in managing neoplastic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of DRs and the effects of DRs-targeting in tumor progression and cancer cell biology using multiple high-prevalence neoplasms as examples. The evidence shows that DRs are valid therapeutic targets for certain receptor/disease combinations, but the data are inconclusive or contradictory for others. In either case, further studies are required to define the precise role of DRs in tumor progression and propose better therapeutic strategies for their targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arely Rosas-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, UNAM, México
| | - Nohemí Salinas-Jazmín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México
| | - Marco A. Velasco- Velázquez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación en Biomedicina Traslacional, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre ISSSTE / Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México
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15
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Okubo R, Hasegawa T, Fukuyama K, Shiroyama T, Okada M. Current Limitations and Candidate Potential of 5-HT7 Receptor Antagonism in Psychiatric Pharmacotherapy. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:623684. [PMID: 33679481 PMCID: PMC7930824 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.623684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mood-stabilizing atypical antipsychotics and antidepressants weakly block serotonin (5-HT) receptor type-7 (5-HT7R); however, the contributions of 5-HT7R antagonism to clinical efficacy and pathophysiology are yet to be clarified. A novel mood-stabilizing antipsychotic agent, lurasidone exhibits predominant binding affinity to 5-HT7R when compared with other monoamine receptors. To date, we have failed to discover the superior clinical efficacy of lurasidone on schizophrenia, mood, or anxiety disorders when compared with conventional mood-stabilizing atypical antipsychotics; however, numerous preclinical findings have indicated the possible potential of 5-HT7R antagonism against several neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as the generation of novel therapeutic options that could not be expected with conventional atypical antipsychotics. Traditional experimental techniques, electrophysiology, and microdialysis have demonstrated that the effects of 5-HT receptor type-1A (5-HT1AR) and 5-HT7R on neurotransmission are in contrast, but the effect of 5-HT1AR is more predominant than that of 5-HT7R, resulting in an insufficient understanding of the 5-HT7R function in the field of psychopharmacology. Accumulating knowledge regarding the pharmacodynamic profiles of 5-HT7R suggests that 5-HT7R is one of the key players in the establishment and remodeling of neural development and cytoarchitecture during the early developmental stage to the mature brain, and dysfunction or modulation of 5-HT7R is linked to the pathogenesis/pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, to explore candidate novel applications for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including mood disorders, schizophrenia, and other cognitive disturbance disorders, we discuss perspectives of psychopharmacology regarding the effects of 5-HT7R antagonism on transmission and intracellular signaling systems, based on preclinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Okubo
- Division of Neuroscience, Laboratory Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshiki Hasegawa
- Division of Neuroscience, Laboratory Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kouji Fukuyama
- Division of Neuroscience, Laboratory Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiroyama
- Division of Neuroscience, Laboratory Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Motohiro Okada
- Division of Neuroscience, Laboratory Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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16
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Genetic Profiles Playing Opposite Roles of Pathogenesis in Schizophrenia and Glioma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:3656841. [PMID: 32565801 PMCID: PMC7275202 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3656841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were found having lower risks to develop cancers, including glioma. Based on this epidemiology, we hypothesized that there were gene profiles playing opposite roles in pathogenesis of schizophrenia and glioma. Methods Based on GEO datasets and TCGA, key genes of schizophrenia genes on the opposite development of glioma were screened by different expressed genes (DEGs) screening, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), disease-specific survival (DSS), and glioma grading and verified by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results First, 612 DEGs were screened from schizophrenia and control brain samples. Second, 134 key genes more specific to schizophrenia were left by WGCNA, with 93 key genes having annotations in TCGA. Third, DSS of glioma helped to find 42 key gene expressions of schizophrenia oppositely associated with survival of glioma. Finally, 24 key genes showed opposite expression trends in schizophrenia and different glioma grading, i.e., the upregulated key genes in schizophrenia expressed increasingly in higher grade glioma, and vice versa. CAMK2D and MPC2 were taken as the examples and evaluated by GSEA, which indeed showed opposite trends in the same pathways of schizophrenia and glioma. Conclusion This workflow of selecting novel targeted genes which may have opposite roles in pathogenesis of two diseases was firstly and innovatively generated by our team. Some filtered key genes were indeed found by their potential effects in several mechanism studies, indicating our process could be effective to generate novel targeted genes. These 24 key genes may provide potential directions for future biochemical and pharmacotherapeutic research studies.
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17
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Mellini M, Di Muzio E, D’Angelo F, Baldelli V, Ferrillo S, Visca P, Leoni L, Polticelli F, Rampioni G. In silico Selection and Experimental Validation of FDA-Approved Drugs as Anti-quorum Sensing Agents. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2355. [PMID: 31649658 PMCID: PMC6796623 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens is increasing at an unprecedented pace, calling for the development of new therapeutic options. Small molecules interfering with virulence processes rather than growth hold promise as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. Anti-virulence agents are expected to decrease bacterial virulence and to pose reduced selective pressure for the emergence of resistance. In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa the expression of key virulence traits is controlled by quorum sensing (QS), an intercellular communication process that coordinates gene expression at the population level. Hence, QS inhibitors represent promising anti-virulence agents against P. aeruginosa. Virtual screenings allow fast and cost-effective selection of target ligands among vast libraries of molecules, thus accelerating the time and limiting the cost of conventional drug-discovery processes, while the drug-repurposing approach is based on the identification of off-target activity of FDA-approved drugs, likely endowed with low cytotoxicity and favorable pharmacological properties. This study aims at combining the advantages of virtual screening and drug-repurposing approaches to identify new QS inhibitors targeting the pqs QS system of P. aeruginosa. An in silico library of 1,467 FDA-approved drugs has been screened by molecular docking, and 5 hits showing the highest predicted binding affinity for the pqs QS receptor PqsR (also known as MvfR) have been selected. In vitro experiments have been performed by engineering ad hoc biosensor strains, which were used to verify the ability of hit compounds to decrease PqsR activity in P. aeruginosa. Phenotypic analyses confirmed the impact of the most promising hit, the antipsychotic drug pimozide, on the expression of P. aeruginosa PqsR-controlled virulence traits. Overall, this study highlights the potential of virtual screening campaigns of FDA-approved drugs to rapidly select new inhibitors of important bacterial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mellini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Leoni
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Roma Tre Section, Rome, Italy
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18
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Emerging therapeutic potential of anti-psychotic drugs in the management of human glioma: A comprehensive review. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3952-3977. [PMID: 31231472 PMCID: PMC6570463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous advancements in the last decade, human gliomas such as astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme have the worst prognoses among all cancers. Anti-psychotic drugs are commonly prescribed to treat mental disorders among cancer patients, and growing empirical evidence has revealed their antitumor, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, chemo-preventive, and neo-adjuvant efficacies in various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical glioma models. Anti-psychotic drugs have drawn the attention of physicians and researchers owing to their beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of gliomas. This review highlights data on the therapeutic potential of various anti-psychotic drugs as anti-proliferative, chemopreventive, and anti-angiogenic agents in various glioma models via the modulation of upstream and downstream molecular targets involved in apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and the cell cycle in in vitro and in vivo preclinical and clinical stages among glioma patients. The ability of anti-psychotic drugs to modulate various signaling pathways and multidrug resistance-conferring proteins that enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs with low side-effects exemplifies their great potential as neo-adjuvants and potential chemotherapeutics in single or multimodal treatment approach. Moreover, anti-psychotic drugs confer the ability to induce glioma into oligodendrocyte-like cells and neuronal-like phenotype cells with reversal of epigenetic alterations through inhibition of histone deacetylase further rationalize their use in glioma treatment. The improved understanding of anti-psychotic drugs as potential chemotherapeutic drugs or as neo-adjuvants will provide better information for their use globally as affordable, well-tolerated, and effective anticancer agents for human glioma.
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Visa A, Shaikh S, Alza L, Herreros J, Cantí C. The Hard-To-Close Window of T-Type Calcium Channels. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:571-584. [PMID: 31031178 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
T-Type calcium channels (TTCCs) are key regulators of membrane excitability, which is the reason why TTCC pharmacology is subject to intensive research in the neurological and cardiovascular fields. TTCCs also play a role in cancer physiology, and pharmacological blockers such as tetralols and dihydroquinazolines (DHQs) reduce the viability of cancer cells in vitro and slow tumor growth in murine xenografts. However, the available compounds are better suited to blocking TTCCs in excitable membranes rather than TTCCs contributing window currents at steady potentials. Consistently, tetralols and dihydroquinazolines exhibit cytostatic/cytotoxic activities at higher concentrations than those required for TTCC blockade, which may involve off-target effects. Gene silencing experiments highlight the targetability of TTCCs, but further pharmacological research is required for TTCC blockade to become a chemotherapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Visa
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Soni Shaikh
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Lía Alza
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Carles Cantí
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain.
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20
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Abdelaleem M, Ezzat H, Osama M, Megahed A, Alaa W, Gaber A, Shafei A, Refaat A. Prospects for repurposing CNS drugs for cancer treatment. Oncol Rev 2019; 13:411. [PMID: 31044029 PMCID: PMC6478007 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2019.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is the idea of using an already approved drug for another disease or disorder away from its initial use. This new approach ensures the reduction in high cost required for developing a new drug in addition to the time consumed, especially in the tumor disorders that show an unceasing rising rate with an unmet success rate of new anticancer drugs. In our review, we will review the anti-cancer effect of some CNS drugs, including both therapeutic and preventive, by searching the literature for preclinical or clinical evidence for anticancer potential of central nervous system drugs over the last 8 years period (2010-2018) and including only evidence from Q1 journals as indicated by Scimago website (www.scimagojr.com). We concluded that Some Central Nervous system drugs show a great potential as anti-cancer in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials through different mechanisms and pathways in different types of cancer that reveal a promising evidence for the repurposing of CNS drugs for new indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossam Ezzat
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Adel Megahed
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Waleed Alaa
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Shafei
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Refaat
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt.,Research Center, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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