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Lin S, Jiang Q, Huang X, Xu J, Wu L, Liu Y. Synthesis of Novel Dual Target Inhibitors of CDK12 and PARP1 and Their Antitumor Activities in HER2-Positive Breast Cancers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25574-25581. [PMID: 37483237 PMCID: PMC10357520 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Several anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) treatments have improved the landscape of HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) over the past few years; due to the heterogeneity of the disease itself, the drug resistance mechanisms and relapse are still the main issue in HER2-positive BC. Here, we intended to target simultaneous inhibition of both poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) and cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) that have had an impact on this disease up to their implementation in clinical practice. We successfully screened PARP1 inhibitors (PARPis) containing bicyclic tetrahydropyridine pyrimidines with antitumor activity. Most synthesized compounds with various alcohols were more effective at killing tumor cells than olaparib (ola), especially in HER2-positive cancer cells. Among them, compound 9 showed potent inhibitory effects on PARP1 enzymatic activity and the PAR protein level; moreover, the expression of CDK12 was inhibited by compound 9. Overall, compound 9 exhibited a significant antitumor effect by inhibiting DNA damage repair in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lin
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362046, P. R. China
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Qingna Jiang
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiuwang Huang
- Department
of Public Technology Service Center, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Lixian Wu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, PR China
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, PR China
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Yang T, Xiao Y, Liu S, Luo F, Tang D, Yu Y, Xie Y. Isorhamnetin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by triggering DNA damage and regulating the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154780. [PMID: 37004402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired resistance to doxorubicin (DOX) inevitably limits its clinical use against breast cancer (BC). Isorhamnetin (IS), a native flavonoid which extensively available in vegetables, fruits, and phytomedicine, has been deemed to the probable cancer chemopreventive agent in preceding explorations since it exhibits satisfied antitumor activity. So far, the strategy for alleviating DOX resistance by using IS as a sensitizer against resistant BC has not yet been covered. PURPOSE To investigate the effect of IS on potentiating the chemoreceptivity of drug-resistant BC cells to DOX in vitro and in vivo and elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS MTS assays, colony formation assays, three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid model, and migration assay were deployed to verify the inhibiting action of IS in the presence or absence of DOX on resistant BC cells in vitro. Apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and endocellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry. Protein levels were monitored by western blotting. Nuclear staining and EdU proliferation were photographed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The effects of the IS and DOX combination on the tumorigenesis in the xenograft experiments were evaluated for further confirming the in vitro cytotoxicity. RESULTS IS significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and enhanced the antitumor competence of DOX against resistant BC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Adjuvant IS (50 μM) effectively enhanced the proapoptotic impacts of DOX in resistant BC cells (35.38 ± 3.18%, vs. 5.83 ± 0.68% in the DOX group) by suppressing the expression of bcl 2 in addition to enhancing cleaved caspase 3, ultimately leading to DNA condensation and fragmentation. IS (20, 30, and 50 μM) treatments induced significant increases in the G2/M populations (41.60 ± 1.28%, 44.60 ± 1.14%, and 50.64 ± 0.67%, vs. 35.84 ± 1.56% in the untreated control in MCF7/ADR cells, p < 0.01) via regulating CDK1/Cyclin B1 complex expression, subsequently triggering the inhibition of BC proliferation. In addition, IS (10, 20, 30, and 50 μM) stimulated the production of interstitial ROS in MCF7/ADR cells, by 3.99-, 4.20-, 6.29-, and 6.78-fold, respectively, versus the untreated group (p < 0.001), which were involved in DNA damage and AMPK-caused intercept of the mTOR/p70S6K signaling. CONCLUSION Our study suggested the anti-breast cancer actions of IS as a DOX sensitizer and expounded the underlying molecular mechanisms, showing that IS could be deemed to a capable alternative for resistant BC cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Yang
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fazhen Luo
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Dongyun Tang
- Pharmacy Department, Xiangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Yilin Yu
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Butel-Simoes LE, Haw TJ, Williams T, Sritharan S, Gadre P, Herrmann SM, Herrmann J, Ngo DTM, Sverdlov AL. Established and Emerging Cancer Therapies and Cardiovascular System: Focus on Hypertension-Mechanisms and Mitigation. Hypertension 2023; 80:685-710. [PMID: 36756872 PMCID: PMC10023512 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.17947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are 2 of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although improvements in outcomes have been noted for both disease entities, the success of cancer therapies has come at the cost of at times very impactful adverse events such as cardiovascular events. Hypertension has been noted as both, a side effect as well as a risk factor for the cardiotoxicity of cancer therapies. Some of these dynamics are in keeping with the role of hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor not only for heart failure, but also for the development of coronary and cerebrovascular disease, and kidney disease and its association with a higher morbidity and mortality overall. Other aspects such as the molecular mechanisms underlying the amplification of acute and long-term cardiotoxicity risk of anthracyclines and increase in blood pressure with various cancer therapeutics remain to be elucidated. In this review, we cover the latest clinical data regarding the risk of hypertension across a spectrum of novel anticancer therapies as well as the underlying known or postulated pathophysiological mechanisms. Furthermore, we review the acute and long-term implications for the amplification of the development of cardiotoxicity with drugs not commonly associated with hypertension such as anthracyclines. An outline of management strategies, including pharmacological and lifestyle interventions as well as models of care aimed to facilitate early detection and more timely management of hypertension in patients with cancer and survivors concludes this review, which overall aims to improve both cardiovascular and cancer-specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd E Butel-Simoes
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Trent Williams
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Shanathan Sritharan
- Department of Medicine, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Payal Gadre
- Department of Medicine, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Doan TM Ngo
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Aaron L Sverdlov
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
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Stella S, Martorana F, Massimino M, Vitale SR, Manzella L, Vigneri P. Potential Therapeutic Targets for Luminal Androgen Receptor Breast Cancer: What We Know so Far. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:235-247. [PMID: 37056632 PMCID: PMC10089148 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s379867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminal Androgen Receptor Breast Cancers (LAR BCs) are characterized by a triple negative phenotype and by the expression of Androgen Receptor (AR), coupled with luminal-like genomic features. This unique BC subtype, accounting for about 10% of all triple negative BC, has raised considerable interest given its ill-defined clinical behavior and the chance to exploit AR as a therapeutic target. The complexity of AR activity in BC cells, as revealed by decades of mechanistic studies, holds promise to offer additional therapeutic options beyond mere AR inhibition. Indeed, preclinical and translational evidence showed that several pathways and mediators, including PI3K/mToR, HER2, BRCA1, cell cycle and immune modulation, can be tackled in LAR BCs. Moving from bench to bedside, several clinical trials tested anti-androgen therapies in LAR BCs, but their results are inconsistent and often disappointing. More recently, studies exploring combinations of anti-androgen agents with other targeted therapies have been designed and are currently ongoing. While the results from these trials are awaited, a concerted effort will be needed to find the biological vulnerabilities of LAR BCs which may disclose new and effective therapeutic targets, eventually improving patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: Stefania Stella, University of Catania, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Via S. Sofia, 78, Edificio 8D/2, Catania, Italy, Tel +39 95 378 1946, Email ;
| | - Federica Martorana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
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Concomitant Inhibition of IRE1α/XBP1 Axis of UPR and PARP: A Promising Therapeutic Approach against c-Myc and Gammaherpesvirus-Driven B-Cell Lymphomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169113. [PMID: 36012375 PMCID: PMC9409055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is emerging that targeting the adaptive functions of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) may represent a promising anti-cancer therapeutic approach. This is particularly relevant for B-cell lymphomas, characterized by a high level of constitutive stress due to high c-Myc expression. In this study, we found that IRE1α/XBP1 axis inhibition exerted a stronger cytotoxic effect compared to the inhibition of the other two UPR sensors, namely PERK and ATF6, in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells, in correlation with c-Myc downregulation. Interestingly, such an effect was more evident in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative BL cells or those cells expressing type I latency compared to type III latency BL cells. The other interesting finding of this study was that the inhibition of IRE1α/XBP1 downregulated BRCA-1 and RAD51 and potentiated the cytotoxicity of PARP inhibitor AZD2661 against BL cells and also against Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL), another aggressive B-cell lymphoma driven by c-Myc and associated with gammaherpesvirus infection. These results suggest that combining the inhibition of UPR sensors, particularly IRE1α/XBP1 axis, and molecules involved in DDR, such as PARP, could offer a new therapeutic opportunity for treating aggressive B-cell lymphomas such as BL and PEL.
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Development of Olaparib-Resistance Prostate Cancer Cell Lines to Identify Mechanisms Associated with Acquired Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163877. [PMID: 36010871 PMCID: PMC9405809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PARP inhibitors (PARPi; olaparib) are presently in clinical trials for advanced prostate cancer (PC). Resistance mechanisms are not fully understood in PC compared to ovarian and breast cancers. Our study aimed to identify new molecular mechanisms that affect acquired olaparib-resistance. We developed new resistant PC cell line models derived from original PC cell lines. We identified that DNA repair, autophagy, and the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) could be potential targets to reverse the acquired olaparib-resistance. Abstract Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) were initially deployed to target breast and ovarian tumors with mutations in DNA damage response genes. Recently, PARPi have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of prostate cancer (PC) patients having exhausted conventional therapeutics. Despite demonstrating promising response rates, all patients treated with PARPi eventually develop resistance. However, PARPi resistance in PC is not well understood, and further studies are required to understand PARPi resistance in PC to propose strategies to circumvent resistance. Methods: Starting from well-established olaparib-sensitive PC cell lines (LNCaP, C4-2B and DU145), we derived olaparib-resistant (OR) PC cell lines and performed a microarray analysis. Results: The olaparib IC50 values of OR cell lines increased significantly as compared to the parental cell lines. Gene expression analyses revealed that different pathways, including DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and autophagy, were affected by acquired resistance. A total of 195 and 87 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in all three OR cell lines compared to their parental counterparts. Among these genes, we selected BRCC3, ROCK2 and ATG2B for validation. We showed that ROCK2 expression, basal autophagy and homologous recombination (HR) efficiency were increased in all OR cell lines. Conclusions: Our study provides a new in vitro model to study PARPi resistance in PC and suggests new possible targets to reverse resistance and prolong the benefits of PARPi treatment.
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Adant I, Bird M, Decru B, Windmolders P, Wallays M, de Witte P, Rymen D, Witters P, Vermeersch P, Cassiman D, Ghesquière B. Pyruvate and uridine rescue the metabolic profile of OXPHOS dysfunction. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101537. [PMID: 35772644 PMCID: PMC9287363 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) are a large, heterogeneous group of genetic disorders affecting mitochondrial function, mostly by disrupting the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Understanding the cellular metabolic re-wiring occurring in PMD is crucial for the development of novel diagnostic tools and treatments, as PMD are often complex to diagnose and most of them currently have no effective therapy. Objectives To characterize the cellular metabolic consequences of OXPHOS dysfunction and based on the metabolic signature, to design new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Methods In vitro assays were performed in skin-derived fibroblasts obtained from patients with diverse PMD and validated in pharmacological models of OXPHOS dysfunction. Proliferation was assessed using the Incucyte technology. Steady-state glucose and glutamine tracing studies were performed with LC-MS quantification of cellular metabolites. The therapeutic potential of nutritional supplements was evaluated by assessing their effect on proliferation and on the metabolomics profile. Successful therapies were then tested in a in vivo lethal rotenone model in zebrafish. Results OXPHOS dysfunction has a unique metabolic signature linked to an NAD+/NADH imbalance including depletion of TCA intermediates and aspartate, and increased levels of glycerol-3-phosphate. Supplementation with pyruvate and uridine fully rescues this altered metabolic profile and the subsequent proliferation deficit. Additionally, in zebrafish, the same nutritional treatment increases the survival after rotenone exposure. Conclusions Our findings reinforce the importance of the NAD+/NADH imbalance following OXPHOS dysfunction in PMD and open the door to new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for PMD. OXPHOS deficiency causes a distinct metabolic profile linked to a NAD+/NADH imbalance. Depleted intracellular aspartic acid is a potential biomarker for OXPHOS dysfunction. Therapy with pyruvate and uridine corrects the metabolic profile of OXPHOS deficiency. Pyruvate and uridine treatment increases survival in a lethal rotenone zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Adant
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, CCB-VIB, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Matthew Bird
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, CCB-VIB, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Bram Decru
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, CCB-VIB, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Petra Windmolders
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Marie Wallays
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Daisy Rymen
- Metabolic Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Witters
- Metabolic Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Metabolic Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, CCB-VIB, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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Lin S, Zhang X, Yu Z, Huang X, Xu J, Liu Y, Wu L. Synthesis of novel dual target inhibitors of PARP and EGFR and their antitumor activities in triple negative breast cancers. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 61:116739. [PMID: 35393219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic strategy of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition of BRCA1/2 mutant cancers has been overwhelmingly successful, however, the highly aggressive triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) that receptor protein tyrosine kinase (RTKs) is known to be overexpressed are not sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Our research focused on exploring PARP inhibitors incorporating a bicyclic tetrahydropyridine pyrimidine. All synthesized compounds were more potent than Olaparib (ola) in killing tumor cells, especially in TNBC. Furthermore, compound 7 exhibited strong inhibitory effects on PARP enzymatic activity, moreover, the expression of EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR was inhibited by compound 7. Therefore, compound 7 can effectively inhibit TNBC cells with high expression of EGFR. In addition, significant synergistic effect of anti-tumor effect of new PARP inhibitors and adriamycin was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, P.R. China
| | - Zelei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiuwang Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P. R. China; Department of Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P. R. China; Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Lixian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P. R. China.
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Chen ZW, Hu JF, Wang ZW, Liao CY, Kang FP, Lin CF, Huang Y, Huang L, Tian YF, Chen S. Circular RNA circ-MTHFD1L induces HR repair to promote gemcitabine resistance via the miR-615-3p/RPN6 axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:153. [PMID: 35459186 PMCID: PMC9034615 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer is the main reason for the poor treatment effect of pancreatic cancer patients. Exploring chemotherapy resistance-related genes has been a difficult and hot topic of oncology. Numerous studies implicate the key roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the development of pancreatic cancer. However, the regulation of circRNAs in the process of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) chemotherapy resistance is not yet fully clear. METHODS Based on the cross-analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the data of our center, we explored a new molecule, hsa_circ_0078297 (circ-MTHFD1L), related to chemotherapy resistance. QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in human PDAC tissues and their matched normal tissues. The interaction between circ-MTHFD1L and miR-615-3p/RPN6 signal axis was confirmed by a series of experiments such as Dual-luciferase reporter assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. RESULTS Circ-MTHFD1L was significantly increased in PDAC tissues and cells. And in PDAC patients, the higher the expression level of circ-MTHFD1L, the worse the prognosis. Mechanism analysis showed that circ-MTHFD1L, as an endogenous miR-615-3p sponge, upregulates the expression of RPN6, thereby promoting DNA damage repair and exerting its effect on enhancing gemcitabine chemotherapy resistance. More importantly, we also found that Silencing circ-MTHFD1L combined with olaparib can increase the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine. CONCLUSION Circ-MTHFD1L maintains PDAC gemcitabine resistance through the miR-615-3p/RPN6 signal axis. Circ-MTHFD1L may be a molecular marker for the effective treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fei Hu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Wei Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yu Liao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ping Kang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Feng Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jinshan Branch of Fujian Province Hospital, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Center for Experimental Research in Clinical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Feng Tian
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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Martorana F, Da Silva LA, Sessa C, Colombo I. Everything Comes with a Price: The Toxicity Profile of DNA-Damage Response Targeting Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040953. [PMID: 35205700 PMCID: PMC8870347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary DNA damage induces genome instability, which may elicit cancer development. Defects in the DNA repair machinery further enhance cancer predisposition, but can also be exploited as a therapeutic target. Indeed, targeted agents against specific components of DNA repair, such as PARP inhibitors, are employed in various tumor types, while others, such as ATR, CHK1 or WEE1 inhibitors, are in clinical development. Even though these molecules have proven to be effective in different settings, they display several on- and off-target toxicities, shared by the whole pharmacological class or are drug specific. Among these effects, hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities are the most common, while others are less frequent but potentially life-threatening (e.g., myelodysplastic syndromes). Particular caution is needed in the case of combinatorial therapeutic approaches, which are currently being developed in clinical trials. In any case, it is necessary to recognize and properly manage adverse events of these drugs. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the safety profile of DDR-targeting agents, including indications for their management in clinical practice. Abstract Targeting the inherent vulnerability of cancer cells with an impaired DNA Damage Repair (DDR) machinery, Poly-ADP-Ribose-Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have yielded significant results in several tumor types, eventually entering clinical practice for the treatment of ovarian, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer. More recently, inhibitors of other key components of DNA repair, such as ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, have been developed and are currently under investigation in clinical trials. The inhibition of DDR inevitably induces on-target and off-target adverse events. Hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities as well as fatigue are common with all DDR-targeting agents, while other adverse events are drug specific, such as hypertension with niraparib and transaminase elevation with rucaparib. Cases of pneumonitis and secondary hematological malignancies have been reported with PARP inhibitors and, despite being overly rare, they deserve particular attention due to their severity. Safety also represents a crucial issue for the development of combination regimens incorporating DDR-targeting agents with other treatments, such as chemotherapy, anti-angiogenics or immunotherapy. As such, overlapping and cumulative toxicities should be considered, especially when more than two classes of drugs are combined. Here, we review the safety profile of DDR-targeting agents when used as single agents or in combination and we provide principles of toxicity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Martorana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Leandro Apolinario Da Silva
- Service of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (L.A.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Cristiana Sessa
- Service of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (L.A.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Ilaria Colombo
- Service of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (L.A.D.S.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-91-811-8194
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The role of PARP inhibitors in gastrointestinal cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 171:103621. [PMID: 35124199 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of BReast CAncer (BRCA) mutations as biomarkers for sensitivity to DNA damage response (DDR) targeted drugs and platinum agents is well documented in breast and gynaecological cancers. More recently the successful use DDR targeted therapies including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors has been shown to extend to other germline and somatic deficiencies within the homologous recombination (HR) pathway1-3. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are lagging behind other tumour types when it comes to personalising treatment with targeted therapies. Current methods of identifying PARP-inhibitor sensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers are based on analogies from other cancer types despite there being a lack of uniformity in determining HR status between tumour types. There is an urgent clinical need to better understand the treatment implications of DDR alterations in gastrointestinal cancers. We have reviewed PARP-inhibitor use in pancreatic, gastroesophageal, hepatobiliary and colorectal cancers and explored HRD as a biomarker for sensitivity to PARP-inhibitors.
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