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Guo F, Wen W, Mi Z, Long C, Shi Q, Yang M, Zhao J, Ma R. NRSN2 promotes the malignant behavior of HPV-transfected laryngeal carcinoma cells through AMPK/ULK1 pathway mediated autophagy activation. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2334463. [PMID: 38569536 PMCID: PMC10993921 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2334463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurensin-2 (NRSN2) performs a pro-carcinogenic function in multiple cancers. However, the function of NRSN2 in HPV-infected laryngeal carcinoma (LC) remains unclear. HPV transfection was performed in LC cells. The mRNA and protein levels were monitored using RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, and IF. Cell viability and proliferation were found using the CCK-8 assay and Edu staining. Cell invasion, migration, and apoptosis were probed using the Transwell, wound healing, and flow cytometry, respectively. The autophagosome was observed using TEM. NRSN2 was overexpressed in HPV-transfected LC cells. Inhibition of NRSN2 restrained the autophagy and malignant behavior of HPV-transfected LC cells. Meanwhile, the inhibition of AMPK/ULK1 pathway limited the increased autophagy of HPV-transfected LC cells caused by NRSN2 overexpression. Furthermore, NRSN2 knockdown inhibits autophagy by suppressing AMPK/ULK1 pathway, thereby restraining the malignant behavior of HPV-transfected LC cells. Our research confirmed that HPV transfection increased the autophagy and malignant behavior of LC cells by regulating the NRSN2-mediated activation of the AMPK/ULK1 pathway, offering a new target for cure of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Wulin Wen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Otolaryngology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Mi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Chao Long
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Qiangyou Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Meihua Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Ruixia Ma
- Otolaryngology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
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Balhara N, Yadav R, Ranga S, Ahuja P, Tanwar M. Understanding the HPV associated cancers: A comprehensive review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:743. [PMID: 38874682 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common cause of sexually transmitted diseases, may cause warts and lead to various types of cancers, which makes it important to understand the risk factors associated with it. HPV is the leading risk factor and plays a crucial role in the progression of cervical cancer. Viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 play a pivotal role in this process. Beyond cervical cancer, HPV-associated cancers of the mouth and throat are also increasing. HPV can also contribute to other malignancies like penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. Emerging evidence links HPV to these cancers. Research on the oncogenic effect of HPV is still ongoing and explorations of screening techniques, vaccination, immunotherapy and targeted therapeutics are all in progress. The present review offers valuable insight into the current understanding of the role of HPV in cancer and its potential implications for treatment and prevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Balhara
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Parul Ahuja
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Mukesh Tanwar
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
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Xue H, Sun Q, Zhang H, Huang H, Xue H. Disulfidptosis features and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients: unveiling and validating the prognostic signature across cohorts. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:156. [PMID: 38526631 PMCID: PMC10963584 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant health concern with a variable global incidence and is linked to regional lifestyle factors and HPV infections. Despite treatment advances, patient prognosis remains variable, necessitating an understanding of its molecular mechanisms and the identification of reliable prognostic biomarkers. METHODS We analyzed 959 HNSCC samples and employed batch correction to obtain consistent transcriptomic data across cohorts. We examined 79 disulfidptosis-related genes to determine consensus clusters and utilized high-throughput sequencing to identify genetic heterogeneity within tumors. We established a disulfidptosis prognostic signature (DSPS) using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and developed a prognostic nomogram integrating the DSPS with clinical factors. Personalized chemotherapy prediction was performed using the "pRRophetic" R package. RESULTS Batch corrections were used to harmonize gene expression data, revealing two distinct disulfidptosis subtypes, C1 and C2, with differential gene expression and survival outcomes. Subtype C1, characterized by increased expression of the MYH family genes ACTB, ACTN2, and FLNC, had a mortality rate of 48.4%, while subtype C2 had a mortality rate of 38.7% (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.633-0.934, P = 0.008). LASSO regression identified 15 genes that composed the DSPS prognostic model, which independently predicted survival (HR = 2.055, 95% CI: 1.420-2.975, P < 0.001). The prognostic nomogram, which included the DSPS, age, and tumor stage, predicted survival with AUC values of 0.686, 0.704, and 0.789 at 3, 5, and 8 years, respectively, indicating strong predictive capability. In the external validation cohort (cohort B), the DSPS successfully identified patients at greater risk, with worse overall survival outcomes in the high-DSPS subgroup (HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.17-2.023, P = 0.002) and AUC values of 0.601, 0.644, 0.636, and 0.748 at 3, 5, 8, and 10 years, respectively, confirming the model's robustness. CONCLUSION The DSPS provides a robust prognostic tool for HNSCC, underscoring the complexity of this disease and the potential for tailored treatment strategies. This study highlights the importance of molecular signatures in oncology, offering a step toward personalized medicine and improved patient outcomes in HNSCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xue
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Qianyu Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Heqing Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Hanxiao Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Haowei Xue
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Karuppiah N, B S, Chockalingam RM, Bhupathy PK, Kalaimani G, Ramamurthi R. Chemopreventive Efficacy of Sulindac Sulfone as a Selective Apoptotic Antineoplastic Drug in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e51692. [PMID: 38313951 PMCID: PMC10838484 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulindac sulfone, an active metabolite of sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has good anti-inflammatory potential. The antineoplastic effect of sulindac sulfone is mediated through a cyclooxygenase inhibitory mechanism, followed by apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation. Mounting studies have explored the anti-neoplastic effect of sulindac sulfone in various types of cancers in a dose-dependent manner. In this backdrop, we have conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and dose of sulindac sulfone as an anti-neoplastic agent in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (HNSCCs). In this study, we used a systematic literature review approach, and articles were searched in PubMed, and Medline with the keywords "sulindac sulfone," "anti-neoplastic activity," "chemopreventive," and "head and neck squamous cell carcinoma". A hand-search of journals was also performed. Articles were reviewed and analyzed. The analysis reveals that, based on the in vitro studies on various tumor models, the optimum concentration of sulindac sulfone which elicits anti-neoplastic effects is 200-800 µM. The anti-neoplastic effect is mediated through inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The results of our systematic review show that the anti-neoplastic activity of pharmacologic Sulindac sulfone is part of its dose-dependent activity, which can be safely employed in the therapy for human HNSCCs and would be responsible for a beneficial outcome of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivethitha Karuppiah
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Tiruvallur, IND
| | - Sivapathasundharam B
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Tiruvallur, IND
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Cao J, Wu C, Han Z, Liu Z, Yang Z, Ren M, Wang X. Revealing the potential of necroptosis-related genes in prognosis, immune characteristics, and treatment strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20382. [PMID: 37989855 PMCID: PMC10663615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a recently discovered apoptotic mechanism that has been linked to tumor formation, prognosis, and treatment response. However, the relationship between the TME and NRGs remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of NRGs in 769 HNSCC cases from two distinct data sets. Our findings revealed distinct genetic groups and a correlation between patient clinical features, prognosis, TME cell infiltration characteristics, and NRG alterations. We then developed an NRG model to predict OS and confirmed its accuracy in predicting OS in HNSCC patients. Moreover, we have devised a precise nomogram that enhances the clinical utility of the NRG model substantially. The low-risk group had a better OS, and they were associated with immune suppression, more mutated genes, and higher TIDE scores. The risk score also had a significant correlation with the CSC index and susceptibility to anti-tumor agents. Our study provides insights into how NRGs affect prognosis, clinically significant features, TME, and immunotherapy response in HNSCC. With a better knowledge of NRGs in HNSCC, we could assess the prognosis and develop immunotherapy regimens that are more successful at opening up new doors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Cao
- Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Road, JianShe, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Congxiao Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaofeng Han
- Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Road, JianShe, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Road, JianShe, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Road, JianShe, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Minge Ren
- Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Road, JianShe, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ximei Wang
- Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Road, JianShe, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan, China.
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Arfin S, Kumar D, Lomagno A, Mauri PL, Di Silvestre D. Differentially Expressed Genes, miRNAs and Network Models: A Strategy to Shed Light on Molecular Interactions Driving HNSCC Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4420. [PMID: 37686696 PMCID: PMC10563081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for hundreds thousands deaths annually. Unfortunately, most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage and only a percentage respond favorably to therapies. To help fill this gap, we hereby propose a retrospective in silico study to shed light on gene-miRNA interactions driving the development of HNSCC. Moreover, to identify topological biomarkers as a source for designing new drugs. To achieve this, gene and miRNA profiles from patients and controls are holistically reevaluated using protein-protein interaction (PPI) and bipartite miRNA-target networks. Cytoskeletal remodeling, extracellular matrix (ECM), immune system, proteolysis, and energy metabolism have emerged as major functional modules involved in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. Of note, the landscape of our findings depicts a concerted molecular action in activating genes promoting cell cycle and proliferation, and inactivating those suppressive. In this scenario, genes, including VEGFA, EMP1, PPL, KRAS, MET, TP53, MMPs and HOXs, and miRNAs, including mir-6728 and mir-99a, emerge as key players in the molecular interactions driving HNSCC tumorigenesis. Despite the heterogeneity characterizing these HNSCC subtypes, and the limitations of a study pointing to relationships that could be context dependent, the overlap with previously published studies is encouraging. Hence, it supports further investigation for key molecules, both those already and not correlated to HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Arfin
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttrakhand, India; (S.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttrakhand, India; (S.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Andrea Lomagno
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (P.L.M.)
- IRCCS Foundation, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Luigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (P.L.M.)
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Dżaman K, Czerwaty K. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051327. [PMID: 37242569 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that there are over 890,000 new cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) worldwide each year, accounting for approximately 5% of all cancer cases. Current treatment options for HNSCC often cause significant side effects and functional impairments, thus there is a challenge to discover more acceptable treatment technologies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be utilized for HNSCC treatment in several ways, for example, for drug delivery, immune modulation, as biomarkers for diagnostics, gene therapy, or tumor microenvironment modulation. This systematic review summarizes new knowledge regarding these options. Articles published up to 11 December 2022, were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Only full-text original research papers written in English were considered eligible for analysis. The quality of studies was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies, modified for the needs of this review. Of 436 identified records, 18 were eligible and included. It is important to note that the use of EVs as a treatment for HNSCC is still in the early stages of research, so we summarized information on challenges such as EV isolation, purification, and standardization of EV-based therapies in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dżaman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czerwaty
- Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Ochoa SV, Casas Z, Albarracín SL, Sutachan JJ, Torres YP. Therapeutic potential of TRPM8 channels in cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098448. [PMID: 37033630 PMCID: PMC10073478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial process associated with changes in signaling pathways leading to cell cycle variations and gene expression. The transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel is a non-selective cation channel expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, where it is involved in several processes, including thermosensation, differentiation, and migration. Cancer is a multifactorial process associated with changes in signaling pathways leading to variations in cell cycle and gene expression. Interestingly, it has been shown that TRPM8 channels also participate in physiological processes related to cancer, such as proliferation, survival, and invasion. For instance, TRPM8 channels have an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. In addition, it has been reported that TRPM8 channels are involved in the progress of pancreatic, breast, bladder, colon, gastric, and skin cancers, glioblastoma, and neuroblastoma. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of TRPM8 channels in cancer progression. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of TRPM8 in carcinogenesis, which has been proposed as a molecular target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V. Ochoa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Semillero de Investigación, Biofísica y Fisiología de Canales Iónicos, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Sara V. Ochoa, ; Yolima P. Torres,
| | - Zulma Casas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sonia L. Albarracín
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhon Jairo Sutachan
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yolima P. Torres
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Sara V. Ochoa, ; Yolima P. Torres,
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Bhattacharjee B, Syeda AF, Rynjah D, Hussain SM, Chandra Bora S, Pegu P, Sahu RK, Khan J. Pharmacological impact of microRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Prevailing insights on molecular pathways, diagnosis, and nanomedicine treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1174330. [PMID: 37205904 PMCID: PMC10188950 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1174330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a disease that most commonly produce tumours from the lining of the epithelial cells of the lips, larynx, nasopharynx, mouth, or oro-pharynx. It is one of the most deadly forms of cancer. About one to two percent of all neo-plasm-related deaths are attributed to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which is responsible for about six percent of all cancers. MicroRNAs play a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, stress response, triggering apoptosis, and other physiological process. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and provide new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic options for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In this work, the role of molecular signaling pathways related to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is emphasized. We also provide an overview of MicroRNA downregulation and overexpression and its role as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In recent years, MicroRNA nano-based therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been explored. In addition, nanotechnology-based alternatives have been discussed as a promising strategy in exploring therapeutic paradigms aimed at improving the efficacy of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and attenuating their cytotoxicity. This article also provides information on ongoing and recently completed clinical trials for therapies based on nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayesha Farhana Syeda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaiza College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ayesha Farhana Syeda, ; Ram Kumar Sahu, ; Jiyauddin Khan,
| | | | - Shalam M. Hussain
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Rayyan Medical College, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Padmanath Pegu
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Tezpur, India
| | - Ram Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Ayesha Farhana Syeda, ; Ram Kumar Sahu, ; Jiyauddin Khan,
| | - Jiyauddin Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Ayesha Farhana Syeda, ; Ram Kumar Sahu, ; Jiyauddin Khan,
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Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proteomic Overview. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10040037. [PMID: 36412636 PMCID: PMC9680331 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Endoscopic methods may be useful in the evaluation of oral injuries even though the diagnostic gold standard is a biopsy. Targeted screenings could be considered the best way to prevent the occurrence of oral cancer. Aimed to elucidate the potential identification of specific biomarkers of OSCC, the use of saliva is convenient and noninvasive. Many studies reported more than a hundred putative saliva biomarkers for OSCC, and proteogenomic approaches were fundamental to disclosing this issue. METHODS Relevant literature published in the last few years was systematically searched on PubMed and we focused on articles about the use and study of salivary biomarkers in the diagnostics of head and neck cancer (n = 110). Thereafter, we performed a selection focusing on diagnosis with salivary proteomics in OSCC (n = 8). RESULTS Saliva proteomics can be a source of biomarkers for OSCC. We reviewed literature of biomarker proteins in saliva that could also be evaluated as probable targets for non-invasive screening of oral neoplasm such as cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and acute-phase response proteins. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of salivary biomarkers is a highly hopeful technique for the diagnosis of OSCC. Proteogenomic approaches could permit an accurate and early diagnosis of OSCC. This review seeks to generate an up-to-date view on translational OSCC issues by raising awareness of researchers, physicians, and surgeons. Renewed clinical studies, which will validate the sensitivity and specificity of salivary biomarkers, are necessary to translate these results into possible strategies for early diagnosis of OSCC, thus improving patient outcomes.
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