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Yadav C, Yadav R, Nanda S, Ranga S, Ahuja P, Tanwar M. Role of HOX genes in cancer progression and their therapeutical aspects. Gene 2024; 919:148501. [PMID: 38670395 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
HOX genes constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that play pivotal roles in embryonic development, tissue patterning, and cell differentiation. These genes are essential for the precise spatial and temporal control of body axis formation in vertebrates. In addition to their developmental functions, HOX genes have garnered significant attention for their involvement in various diseases, including cancer. Deregulation of HOX gene expression has been observed in numerous malignancies, where they can influence tumorigenesis, progression, and therapeutic responses. This review provides an overview of the diverse roles of HOX genes in development, disease, and potential therapeutic targets, highlighting their significance in understanding biological processes and their potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
| | - Smiti Nanda
- Retd. Senior Professor and Head, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Parul Ahuja
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Mukesh Tanwar
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
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Yadav R, Chauhan MB, Yadav C, Ranga S, Ahuja P, Tanwar M, Balhara N, Kadian L, Chauhan P, Tanwar N, Ahlawat C. Awareness data on cervical cancer among females of rural and urban areas of Haryana, India. Data Brief 2024; 53:110168. [PMID: 38384314 PMCID: PMC10879805 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was done to assess the degree of current awareness and behaviors about cervical cancer among females in urban and rural areas of North India. This survey was conducted on one thousand females (500 rural and 500 urban). A well-structured questionnaire was designed to collect information about participants' knowledge on cancer of cervix uteri such as age, height and weight measurements, marital status, menstrual status, personal hygiene, age at menarche, sexual history, pregnancy and abortion history, use of contraceptive pills for birth-control, smoking, alcohol consumption, and other relevant information. The data was collected by conducting face-to-face interviews after obtaining the verbal consent of the participants. The data has the potential to reduce disease burden by spreading awareness about symptoms and risk factors of cervical cancer as well as implementation of effective early screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Meenakshi B. Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Chetna Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Parul Ahuja
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Mukesh Tanwar
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Nikita Balhara
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Lokesh Kadian
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202 United States
| | - Preeti Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Chandigarh 140307 India
| | - Neha Tanwar
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Chavi Ahlawat
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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Ahuja P, Yadav R, Goyal S, Yadav C, Ranga S, Kadian L. Targeting epigenetic deregulations for the management of esophageal carcinoma: recent advances and emerging approaches. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2437-2465. [PMID: 37338772 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Ranking from seventh in incidence to sixth in mortality, esophageal carcinoma is considered a severe malignancy of food pipe. Later-stage diagnosis, drug resistance, and a high mortality rate contribute to its lethality. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma are the two main histological subtypes of esophageal carcinoma, with squamous cell carcinoma alone accounting for more than eighty percent of its cases. While genetic anomalies are well known in esophageal cancer, accountability of epigenetic deregulations is also being explored for the recent two decades. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and functional non-coding RNAs are the crucial epigenetic players involved in the modulation of different malignancies, including esophageal carcinoma. Targeting these epigenetic aberrations will provide new insights into the development of biomarker tools for risk stratification, early diagnosis, and effective therapeutic intervention. This review discusses different epigenetic alterations, emphasizing the most significant developments in esophageal cancer epigenetics and their potential implication for the detection, prognosis, and treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Further, the preclinical and clinical status of various epigenetic drugs has also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Ahuja
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India.
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pt. B.D, Sharma University of Health Sciences, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Chetna Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Lokesh Kadian
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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Yadav C, Yadav R, Chhabra R, Nanda S, Ranga S, Kadian L, Ahuja P. Correction to: Overview of genetic and epigenetic regulation of human papillomavirus and apoptosis in cervical cancer. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1500. [PMID: 36757581 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Yadav
- Research Scholars, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Rohtak, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Research Scholars, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Rohtak, India.
| | - Ravindresh Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Smiti Nanda
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, 124001, Rohtak, India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Research Scholars, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Rohtak, India
| | - Lokesh Kadian
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 46202, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Parul Ahuja
- Research Scholars, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Rohtak, India
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Yadav C, Yadav R, Chabbra R, Nanda S, Ranga S, Kadian L, Ahuja P. Overview of genetic and epigenetic regulation of human papillomavirus and apoptosis in cervical cancer. Apoptosis 2023; 28:683-701. [PMID: 36652131 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01812-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide after breast, colorectal and lung cancers. Owing to a lack of awareness and resources, low- and middle-income countries bear most of the burden of cervical cancer. In developed countries, the incidence rate has been halved over the past three decades due to robust screening and implementation of vaccine programs. HPV is not the sole cause of cervical cancer but acts as a principal factor in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. By integrating into the host genome, its oncogenic proteins (E6 and E7) alter and interfere with the standard signal transduction machinery of the host. Apoptosis is a key pathway affected by aberrant genetic mutations, polymorphisms and epigenetic mechanisms during cervical carcinogenesis. Along with DNA methylation and histone modifications, non-coding RNAs have also been implicated as epigenetic modulators in various malignancies and are being explored for reversing disease severity. This review emphasizes various genetic and epigenetic approaches regulating apoptotic pathways and HPV E6 and E7 genes that can be targeted to overcome the challenges in cervical cancer treatment. In addition, it also discusses the apoptosis targeting novel drug molecules in cervical cancer which are currently undergoing clinical and pre-clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Yadav
- Research Scholars, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Rohtak, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Research Scholars, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Rohtak, India.
| | - Ravindresh Chabbra
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Smiti Nanda
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, 124001, Rohtak, India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Research Scholars, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Rohtak, India
| | - Lokesh Kadian
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 46202, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Parul Ahuja
- Research Scholars, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Rohtak, India
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Ranga S, Yadav R, Chhabra R, Chauhan MB, Tanwar M, Yadav C, Kadian L, Ahuja P. Long non-coding RNAs as critical regulators and novel targets in cervical cancer: current status and future perspectives. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01840-6. [PMID: 37095313 PMCID: PMC10125867 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality in women. In spite of vaccine availability, improved screening procedures, and chemoradiation therapy, cervical cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in 23 countries and the leading cause of cancer deaths in 36 countries. There is, therefore, a need to come up with novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a remarkable role in genome regulation and contribute significantly to several developmental and disease pathways. The deregulation of lncRNAs is often observed in cancer patients, where they are shown to affect multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion. Many lncRNAs are found to be involved in the pathogenesis as well as progression of cervical cancer and have shown potency to track metastatic events. This review provides an overview of lncRNA mediated regulation of cervical carcinogenesis and highlights their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for cervical cancer. In addition, it also discusses the challenges associated with the clinical implication of lncRNAs in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Ranga
- Associate Professor, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Associate Professor, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
| | - Ravindresh Chhabra
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
| | - Meenakshi B Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Mukesh Tanwar
- Associate Professor, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Chetna Yadav
- Associate Professor, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Lokesh Kadian
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Parul Ahuja
- Associate Professor, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
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Handa M, Ahuja P, Jain S. Enjoying music and movies without paying: examining factors affecting unauthorized downloading amongst young adults. JICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jices-10-2021-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Along with their immense benefit, online channels of communication and information-sharing also present a myriad set of challenges. The unauthorized downloading and sharing of copyrighted content such as music and movies is one such issue. This study aims to examine the factors related to the unauthorized downloading of content amongst young internet users in an emerging market.
Design/methodology/approach
An online structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 219 internet users between 17 and 24 years of age. The partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyse the primary data.
Findings
The study findings report that monetary savings and social influence are the main drivers underlying the propensity to engage in unauthorized downloading amongst young adults. Perceptions of harm caused to artists and producers appear to be a deterrent. Though the respondents perceive the quality of content downloaded from unauthorized sites to be less than desirable, and there is also a higher perceived threat from viruses, this does not appear to deter unauthorized downloading behaviour amongst this segment of consumers.
Research limitations/implications
Combating unauthorized downloading and other forms of questionable online behaviours is a challenge for multiple stakeholders. Consumption of unauthorized digital content is examined in the context of online consumers whose demographic profile is often associated with this category of questionable behaviour. The study adds to the extant understanding of the aetiology of what are often considered online unethical and illegal behaviours and makes both practical and theoretical contributions to the subject field.
Originality/value
The study examines an important aspect of rapidly evolving internet technologies. The internet provides a veil to individuals engaging in unethical online activities. Despite the existence of laws declaring these activities to be illegal, instances of copyright violations of music and movies abound. The insights regarding the drivers and deterrents of a form of online unauthorized activity are used to present a set of strategies aimed at addressing such behaviours.
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Handa M, Ahuja P. The grey and dark facets of online activities: a study of consumer perceptions. JICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jices-07-2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The internet has provided a gamut of benefits to consumers. The digital world, however, also provides space for various illegal or unethical consumer activities. Consumers may not always be fully aware of the unethical or illegal nature of some of the online activities that they engage in. This study aims to examine the questionable side of online consumer behaviour in an emerging market where internet penetration and smart phone accessibility is rapidly expanding. Using a third-person technique, this study attempts to empirically capture the perceptions of Indian adults regarding the prevalence of various questionable online activities such as unauthorized downloading of digital content, spreading fake news/misinformation and fraudulent returns and to understand the extent to which these respondents believe that such actions are acceptable or illegal and unethical.
Design/methodology/approach
An online questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 212 consumers. Non-probability convenience and snowball sampling was used for the purpose.
Findings
Unauthorized watching or downloading of online content is reported to be the most prevalent among the various types of questionable behaviours examined. However, it is behaviours such as fraudulent returns and spreading misinformation through online channels which are considered to be the most unethical or illegal. Certain behaviours which may be deemed to be unethical and illegal nevertheless are seen as acceptable. Significant differences between demographics in the case of several of the unethical activities are reported.
Research limitations/implications
This study examines the grey and dark side of online behaviours among consumers in an emerging market and points to the need for action on several fronts to increase consumer awareness and sensitivity about the unethical or illegal nature of some of their online activities and the implications for multiple stakeholders. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations directed at consumers, marketers and policymakers are discussed.
Originality/value
Although the benefits of online communication channels have been extensively studied, their ability to facilitate certain unethical and even illegal activities is an under-researched area. The inclination to engage in these types of questionable behaviours may have been exacerbated by the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights the importance of research on various grey consumer activities in the digital space and paves the way for further investigations by identifying online actions which are considered as most prevalent and/or unethical and illegal.
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Kadian LK, Gulshan G, Ahuja P, Singhal G, Sharma S, Nanda S, Yadav R. Aberrant promoter methylation of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 and its association with cervical cancer risk factors in North Indian population. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2814-2826. [PMID: 32655812 PMCID: PMC7344087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women worldwide, and associated mortality is highest in developing countries like India. Limited studies are available on the role of NOTCH signaling pathway and promoter methylation in cervical cancer. In the current study, we investigated the promoter methylation status of NOTCH receptor genes (mainly NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3) and its correlation with gene expression, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis of cervical cancer. A total cohort of 110 cervical cancer patients of North Indian origin was enrolled in the study. From 28 of these patients, biopsies from adjacent non-cancerous tissue were available to serve as healthy controls. Promoter methylation status and mRNA expression level of NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3 were determined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and real-time quantitative (RT-qPCR), respectively. NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 promoters were methylated in 92% (P<0.0001), and 61% (P<0.001) of the cervical cancer biopsies. We did not observe a statistically significant change in the promoter methylation level of NOTCH2. Further, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3 were down-regulated in cervical cancer biopsies, but the differential expression of only NOTCH1 was found statistically significant. The promoter methylation levels of all three genes also showed a statistically significant association with clinicopathological factors and HPV infection (Type 16 and 18) but we did not observe a statistically significant relationship between their methylation status and gene expression. Overall our results provide evidence of the altered methylation and expression status of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 receptor genes in cervical cancer. This study of NOTCH gene promoter methylation may provide a new perspective for early screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulshan Gulshan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT BombayMumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parul Ahuja
- Department of Genetics, Maharishi Dayanand UniversityRohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Geetanjali Singhal
- Department of Genetics, Maharishi Dayanand UniversityRohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Shivkant Sharma
- Department of Genetics, Maharishi Dayanand UniversityRohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Smiti Nanda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PGIMSRohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharishi Dayanand UniversityRohtak, Haryana, India
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Ahuja P, Jain D, Bhardwaj N, Jain K, Gainder S, Kang M. Airway changes following labor and delivery in preeclamptic parturients: a prospective case control study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2018; 33:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In the field of forensic dentistry, secondary changes in teeth with advancing age have been used as reliable predictors of age in various studies. AIM The purpose of the present study was to present a method for assessing the chronological age based on the relationship between age and morphological parameters of maxillary central incisors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty subjects between 20-70 years of age were included in the study. Intraoral periapical radiographs were taken in relation to maxillary central incisors using paralleling technique. The following measurements were recorded: lengths of tooth, pulp, root and width of root and pulp at three different points. Regression formulas were used to calculate the dental age. RESULTS The mean estimated age showed no statistically significant difference from the actual mean age (P > 0.05). Also, maximum difference was seen for root length variable (-1.035 ± 1.86 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Agarwal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Agarwal N, J Bathi R, Kumar Srivastav S, Ahuja P. Assessment of Gingival Microvasculature Changes in Young Diabetic Patients and Its Correlation with Systemic Complications. JIAOMR 2011. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Comment A, Jannin S, Hyacinthe JN, Miéville P, Sarkar R, Ahuja P, Vasos PR, Montet X, Lazeyras F, Vallée JP, Hautle P, Konter JA, van den Brandt B, Ansermet JP, Gruetter R, Bodenhausen G. Hyperpolarizing gases via dynamic nuclear polarization and sublimation. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:018104. [PMID: 20867484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.018104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A high throughput method was designed to produce hyperpolarized gases by combining low-temperature dynamic nuclear polarization with a sublimation procedure. It is illustrated by applications to 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance in xenon gas, leading to a signal enhancement of 3 to 4 orders of magnitude compared to the room-temperature thermal equilibrium signal at 7.05 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Comment
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Vasos PR, Comment A, Sarkar R, Ahuja P, Jannin S, Ansermet JP, Konter JA, Hautle P, van den Brandt B, Bodenhausen G. Long-lived states to sustain hyperpolarized magnetization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:18469-73. [PMID: 19841270 PMCID: PMC2774001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908123106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Major breakthroughs have recently been reported that can help overcome two inherent drawbacks of NMR: the lack of sensitivity and the limited memory of longitudinal magnetization. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) couples nuclear spins to the large reservoir of electrons, thus making it possible to detect dilute endogenous substances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We have designed a method to preserve enhanced ("hyperpolarized") magnetization by conversion into long-lived states (LLS). It is shown that these enhanced long-lived states can be generated for proton spins, which afford sensitive detection. Even in complex molecules such as peptides, long-lived proton states can be sustained effectively over time intervals on the order of tens of seconds, thus allowing hyperpolarized substrates to reach target areas and affording access to slow metabolic pathways. The natural abundance carbon-13 polarization has been enhanced ex situ by almost four orders of magnitude in the dipeptide Ala-Gly. The sample was transferred by the dissolution process to a high-resolution magnet where the carbon-13 polarization was converted into a long-lived state associated with a pair of protons. In Ala-Gly, the lifetime T(LLS) associated with the two nonequivalent H(alpha) glycine protons, sustained by suitable radio-frequency irradiation, was found to be seven times longer than their spin-lattice relaxation time constant (T(LLS)/T(1) = 7). At desired intervals, small fractions of the populations of long-lived states were converted into observable magnetization. This opens the way to observing slow chemical reactions and slow transport phenomena such as diffusion by enhanced magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Vasos
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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15
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Ahuja P, Caffé AR, Ahuja S, Ekström P, van Veen T. Decreased glutathione transferase levels in rd1/rd1 mouse retina: Replenishment protects photoreceptors in retinal explants. Neuroscience 2005; 131:935-43. [PMID: 15749346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently much attention is focused on glutathione S transferase (GST)-induced suppression of apoptosis. The objective of our studies was therefore to see if GST isoenzymes rescue photoreceptors in retinal explants from rd1/rd1 mice, in which photoreceptors degenerate rapidly. Eyes from C3H rd1/rd1 and +/+ mice were collected at various time points between postnatal day (PN) 2 and PN28. Localization and content of alpha-GST and mu-GST was investigated by immunofluorescence and semi-quantitative Western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, PN2 and PN7 retinal explants were cultured till PN28, during which they were treated with 10 ng/ml alpha-GST or mu-GST. The spatiotemporal expression of both GST isoforms was closely similar: early presence in ganglion cell layer after which staining became restricted to Muller cells (particularly in the endfeet) and horizontal cell fibers in both rd1/rd1 and +/+. Doublets of alpha-GST and mu-GST were detected by Western blot analysis. Densitometry of these bands indicated steady reduction of alpha-GST content in rd1/rd1 retina starting from the second postnatal week. When alpha-GST and mu-GST were added exogenously to rd1/rd1 explants, photoreceptor rescue was produced that was more prominent in PN2 than in PN7 explants and more effective by alpha-GST than mu-GST. We propose that alpha-GST neuroprotection is mediated by reduction of tissue oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ahuja
- Wallenberg Retina Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Lund University, BMC-B13, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 221 84, Sweden
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Abstract
Oscillatoria anguistissima could tolerate 50 ppm ZnSO4 x 7H2O, and a zinc-tolerant strain with maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) of 100 ppm ZnSO4 x 7H2O was obtained by stepwise transfer to higher concentrations. The adaptation was irreversible even after three generations in metal-free medium. In the presence of metal, the tolerant strain grew with a shorter lag period of 4 days as against 6 days in the case of the wild strain. The tolerant strain had higher MTC than that of the wild strain for other metals also, viz., Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+. The zinc resistance in the tolerant strain was a result of reduced uptake, since around 42% of the total metal was present on the surface as against only 30% in the wild strain. The calcium-stimulated uptake, as observed in the wild strain, was absent in the tolerant strain. Ultrastructural comparisons revealed no structural change in the tolerant strain on exposure to zinc, whereas in the wild strain a thick extracellular matrix was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ahuja
- Ramlal Anand College, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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17
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Caffé AR, Ahuja P, Holmqvist B, Azadi S, Forsell J, Holmqvist I, Söderpalm AK, van Veen T. Mouse retina explants after long-term culture in serum free medium. J Chem Neuroanat 2001; 22:263-73. [PMID: 11719023 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-0618(01)00140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal mouse retina remains viable as an explant in serum-supplemented growth media for more than 4 weeks. Interpretation of drug effects on this tissue is compromised by the enigmatic composition of the serum. We sought to remove this ambiguity by culturing neonatal as well as late postnatal mouse retina in serum-free nutrient medium. In this study three important observations were made, (1) there is histotypic development of neonatal as well as preservation of late postnatal mouse retinal structure during long-term culture in serum-free medium, although the late postnatal tissue tends to show some loss of cells in the outer nuclear layer. (2) Protein expression in explant photoreceptor cells was similar to that in the litter-matched ones, except for green cone opsin and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, although mRNA of the latter is present at similar amounts as in age-matched in vivo controls. (3) Cells of the inner retina stained by antibodies to calcium-binding proteins display some novel sprouting of processes. The results show that the mouse retina can be cultured as an explant for more than 4 weeks in a serum-free medium. This represents an important step forward because, (1) the possibility of interference of drug effects by unknown serum factors has been eliminated; and (2) the spent culture medium can be analyzed to investigate biomolecules released by the retina in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Caffé
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Center-Wallenberg Retina Center, University of Lund, Klinikgatan 26, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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18
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Ahuja P, Caffé AR, Holmqvist I, Söderpalm AK, Singh DP, Shinohara T, van Veen T. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) delays photoreceptor degeneration in explants of rd/rd mouse retina. Neuroreport 2001; 12:2951-5. [PMID: 11588609 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200109170-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lens epithelium derived growth factor (LEDGF) has been shown to rescue embryonic chick photoreceptor cells from serum starvation and heat stress, light damaged photoreceptor cells in Lewis rats, and photoreceptor cells in RCS rats. The aim of our study is to study the rescue effect of LEDGF on photoreceptor cells in the rd/rd mouse using our long-term serum free organ culture. At the end of this culture period of 21-26 days LEDGF treated rd mouse retina showed an increased photoreceptor survival compared to the untreated controls. LEDGF has no effect on expression and localization of opsin and arrestin in the rod photoreceptor cells when RPE is present. The protective potency of LEDGF on the retinal photoreceptor cells is similar to that of BDNF. LEDGF is known to activate heat shock proteins (Hsps) and the elevated Hsps are also reported to suppress apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ahuja
- University of Lund, Department of Ophthalmology, Wallenberg Retina Center, BMC, B13, Klinikgatan 26, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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19
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Abstract
Oscillatoria anguistissima rapidly adsorbs appreciable amounts of cobalt from the aqueous solutions within 15 min of initial contact with the metal solution. O. anguistissima showed a high sequestration of cobalt at low equilibrium concentrations, and it followed the Freundlich model of adsorption. The adsorption is a strongly pH-dependent and temperature-independent phenomenon. The presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ (100-200 ppm) resulted in decline in Co2+ adsorption capacity of Oscillatoria biomass. Sulphate and nitrate (0. 75-10 mM) drastically reduced the extent of Co2+ biosorption. The biosorption of cobalt is an ion-exchange process as the Co2+ binding was accompanied by release of a large amounts of Mg2+ ions. Na2CO3 (1.0 mM) resulted in about 76% desorption of Co2+ from the loaded biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ahuja
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
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20
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Bavdekar SB, Ahuja P, Vaswani LK. Correlation of tomographic liver density with serum ferritin levels in multiple-transfused children with thalassemia major. Indian Pediatr 1999; 36:383-5. [PMID: 10717698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S B Bavdekar
- Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
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21
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Abstract
Oscillatoria anguistissima rapidly adsorbs Cu2+ from aqueous solution. The adsorption of Cu2+ followed Freundlich Isotherm, and the amount of Cu2+ removed from solution increased with increasing Cu2+ concentration. The adsorption is pH dependent, and maximum Cu2+ removal occurs at pH 5. Of the various pretreatments, HCl treatment of the biomass increased the capacity for Cu2+ removal. Presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ resulted in decline in the Cu2+ adsorption capacity of Oscillatoria cells. This species could also effectively remove Cu2+ from mine water containing 68.4 microg/ml of Cu2+ at pH 3.45.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ahuja
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110021, India
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22
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Dua PR, Ahuja P, Anand N. p-Aminobenzene sulphonyl morpholine, compound 82/208 a new anticonvulsant agent. Indian J Exp Biol 1994; 32:729-31. [PMID: 7821984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
p-Aminobenzene sulphonyl morpholine, compound 82/208, was evaluated for acute toxicity and anticonvulsant action in mice against tonic seizures induced by supramaximal electroshock and pentylene tetrazole and strychnine induced seizures and for its effect on blood pressure and respiration in cat. Diphenyl hydantoin (DPH) was used as reference standard. Compound 82/208 exhibited anticonvulsant activity against electroshock induced seizures and PTZ induced tonic seizures in mice. The compound had several distinct advantages over DPH in experimental evaluation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Dua
- Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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23
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24
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Kumar V, Ahuja P, Shingal RN. Histochemistry of carcinoma breast. Indian J Cancer 1988; 25:37-42. [PMID: 3181988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Kumar V, Ahuja P, Singal RN. Normal mammary tissue--a histochemical study. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1987; 30:241-6. [PMID: 3449454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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26
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Kumar V, Ahuja P, Shingal RN. Histochemical study of fibroadenoma breast. Indian J Cancer 1986; 23:128-34. [PMID: 3570351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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28
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Jain P, Gaiha M, Ahuja P. Evaluation of therapeutic response with micro dose of vitamin B12 and folic acid in patients of dimorphic anaemia. J Assoc Physicians India 1984; 32:327-9. [PMID: 6746540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Singh T, Aggarwal D, Ahuja P, Rani S, Mittar SK. Pre leukemic syndrome. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1984; 27:47-51. [PMID: 6595219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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30
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Singh T, Rani S, Ahuja P. Microfilaria in bone marrow aspirate. J Assoc Physicians India 1983; 31:745. [PMID: 6671956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Singh T, Mirakhur N, Ahuja P. Thrombocytopenia in P. Falciparum infection. J Assoc Physicians India 1983; 31:323-4. [PMID: 6360982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Singh T, Ahuja P, Jayaram G, Aggarwal SK. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. (A case report). J Assoc Physicians India 1981; 29:787-9. [PMID: 7345080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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33
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Malik R, Ahuja P, Malik TK, Chandra K. Pathological analysis of intracranial tumors. Int Surg 1980; 65:451-7. [PMID: 7451067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An analysis of 145 intracranial tumors observed in the Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, and associated Irwin and G.B. Pant Hospitals was carried out. The relative frequency of the different tumors, their site, and the age and sex of the patients is reported, and compared with previous reports in the literature.
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34
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Abstract
Bilateral renal dysplasia is a very rare condition, unlike unilateral renal dysplasia. We came across three cases. In one of them there were other multiple congenital anomalies. In all the cases the ureters and renal blood vessels were rudimentary. The condition is incompatible with life. The different theories explaining this congenital anomaly and the incidence of the disease are being discussed.
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35
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Chopra K, Gupta A, Srinivasan S, Ahuja P, Kumar V. Precocious puberty--unusual manifestation of cerebellar astrocytoma. Indian Pediatr 1977; 14:321-3. [PMID: 924642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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37
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Malik R, Ahuja P, Chandra K. Leprosy of the larynx. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1975; 43:114-5. [PMID: 1238372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Five instances of lepromatous leprosy involving lesions of the larynx were encountered among a series of 280 laryngeal lesions. These are briefly described as involving the epiglottis in all cases, vocal cords in two, and extension into the pyriform fossa in one instance.
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38
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Ahuja P, Malik R, Chandra K. Laryngoscleroma in India. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03047580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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39
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Malik R, Ahuja P, Chandra K. Cancer of the larynx: review of 174 cases. Int Surg 1973; 58:793-4. [PMID: 4750833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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40
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Anand NK, Pramanik AK, Ahuja P. Tubercular granuloma of the rectum. Report of a case. Indian J Pediatr 1972; 39:405-7. [PMID: 4657899 DOI: 10.1007/bf02892547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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