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Żeliszewska P, Wasilewska M, Szych J, Adamczyk Z. Mechanism of Anti-Salmonella Rabbit Immunoglobulin Adsorption on Polymer Particles. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1390. [PMID: 37759790 PMCID: PMC10526532 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The adsorption of anti-Salmonella rabbit immunoglobulin (IgaR) on negatively charged polymer particles leading to the formation of immunolatex was studied using various techniques comprising atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). Initially, the basic physicochemical properties of IgaR molecules and the particles, inter alia their electrophoretic mobilities, the zeta potentials and hydrodynamic diameters, were determined under different ionic strengths and pHs. Applying AFM, single immunoglobulin molecules adsorbed on mica were also imaged, which allowed to determine their size. The adsorption of the IgaR molecules on the particles leading to changes in their electrophoretic mobility was monitored in situ using the LDV method. The obtained results were interpreted applying a general electrokinetic model which yielded quantitative information about the molecule coverage on the particles. The obtained immunolatex was thoroughly characterized with respect to its acid-base properties and its stability upon storage. Notably, the developed procedure demonstrated better efficiency compared to commercially applied methods, characterized by a higher immunoglobulin consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żeliszewska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Monika Wasilewska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Szych
- Biomex Co., Ltd., ul. Friedleina 4-6 lok. 117, 30-009 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Adamczyk
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
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2
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Le TN, Chen HY, Lam XM, Wang CC, Chang HC. Antibody-Conjugated Nanodiamonds as Dual-Functional Immunosensors for In Vitro Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12080-12088. [PMID: 37534668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are carbon nanoparticles with a large refractive index, a high density, and exceptional chemical stability. When excited by green light, they can emit bright red fluorescence from implanted nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. Taking advantage of these properties, we have developed antibody-conjugated NDs as in vitro diagnostic sensors for two complementary assays: particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) and spin-enhanced lateral flow immunoassay (SELFIA). To achieve this goal, monocrystalline diamond powders (∼100 nm in diameter) with or without NV implantation were first treated in molten KNO3 to reduce their size and shape inhomogeneity, followed by surface carboxylation in strong oxidative acids and non-covalent conjugation with antibodies in water. PETIA and SELFIA were carried out separately with a microplate reader and a magnetically modulated fluorescence analyzer. Using C-reactive protein (CRP) as the target antigen, we found that anti-CRP-conjugated NDs exhibited high colloidal stability over 1 month at 4 °C in buffer solution. The limits of detection for 3 μL of CRP sample solution were 0.06 μg/mL and 1 ng/mL with variation coefficients of less than 10 and 15% for PETIA and SELFIA, respectively. These two methods together provide a detection range of 1 ng/mL-10 μg/mL, potentially useful for clinical applications. This work represents the first practical use of rounded monocrystalline NDs as in vitro diagnostic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Nghia Le
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Xuan Mai Lam
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chia Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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3
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Ssemadaali MA, Arredondo J, Buser EA, Newmyer S, Radhakrishnan H, Javitz HS, Dandekar S, Bhatnagar P. Genetically engineered pair of cells for serological testing and its application for SARS-CoV-2. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10508. [PMID: 37206248 PMCID: PMC10189431 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a serology test platform for identifying individuals with prior exposure to specific viral infections and provide data to help reduce public health risks. The serology test composed of a pair of cell lines engineered to express either a viral envelop protein (Target Cell) or a receptor to recognize the Fc region of an antibody (Reporter Cell), that is, Diagnostic-Cell-Complex (DxCell-Complex). The formation of an immune synapse, facilitated by the analyte antibody, resulted into a dual-reporter protein expression by the Reporter Cell. We validated it with human serum with confirmed history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. No signal amplification steps were necessary. The DxCell-Complex quantitatively detected the target-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) within 1 h. Validation with clinical human serum containing SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies confirmed 97.04% sensitivity and 93.33% specificity. The platform can be redirected against other antibodies. Self-replication and activation-induced cell signaling, two attributes of the cell, will enable rapid and cost-effective manufacturing and its operation in healthcare facilities without requiring time-consuming signal amplification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Arredondo
- Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCalifornia95616United States
| | - Elise A. Buser
- Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCalifornia95616United States
| | - Sherri Newmyer
- Biosciences DivisionSRI InternationalMenlo ParkCalifornia94025United States
| | | | - Harold S. Javitz
- Education DivisionSRI InternationalMenlo ParkCalifornia94025United States
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCalifornia95616United States
| | - Parijat Bhatnagar
- Biosciences DivisionSRI InternationalMenlo ParkCalifornia94025United States
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Kobayashi J, Matsuyama S, Shirakura M, Arita T, Suzuki Y, Asanuma H, Watanabe S, Hasegawa H, Nakamura K. Use of the particle agglutination/particle agglutination inhibition test for antigenic analysis of SARS-CoV-2. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13093. [PMID: 36824396 PMCID: PMC9942275 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 is a critical issue for the effectiveness of the vaccine, and thus, it should be phenotypically evaluated by serological assays as new field isolates emerge. The hemagglutination/hemagglutination inhibition (HA/HI) tests are well known as a representative method for antigenic analysis of influenza viruses, but SARS-CoV-2 does not agglutinate human or guinea pig red blood cells. Therefore, the antigenic analysis requires complicated cell-based assays using special equipment such as plate reader or ELISPOT analyzer. Methods Based on the HA/HI tests for influenza viruses, we developed the particle agglutination/particle agglutination inhibition (PA/PAI) test to easily and rapidly quantify the virus and antibody using human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)-bound latex beads. The virus titers were determined by mixing the beads and the virus from culture supernatant, settling it overnight, and then observing the sedimentation/agglutination pattern (PA test). The neutralization antibody titers were determined by mixing virus-infected hamster antisera in addition to the beads and virus (PAI test). Results The PA titer was positively correlated with the plaque-forming units. The PAI titer using the hamster antisera clearly revealed the antigenic difference between the omicron and previous variants. The antigenic differences were supported by the results shown in other methods. Conclusions The PAI test is an easy and rapid method to analyze the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Acute Respiratory Virus, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory VirusesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Shutoku Matsuyama
- Laboratory of Acute Respiratory Virus, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory VirusesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory VirusesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoko Arita
- Laboratory of Vaccine Seed Virus Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory VirusesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Yasushi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Vaccine Seed Virus Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory VirusesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Hideki Asanuma
- Laboratory of Vaccine Seed Virus Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory VirusesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory VirusesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Acute Respiratory Virus, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory VirusesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan,Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory VirusesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan,Laboratory of Vaccine Seed Virus Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory VirusesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuya Nakamura
- Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory VirusesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
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Żeliszewska P, Szych J, Wasilewska M, Adamczyk Z. Kinetics of Immunolatex Deposition at Abiotic Surfaces under Flow Conditions: Towards Quantitative Agglutination Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010692. [PMID: 36614134 PMCID: PMC9820969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical properties of immunolatex, prepared by incubation of negatively charged polystyrene microparticles with polyclonal rabbit IgGs, were determined by a variety of experimental techniques. These comprised dynamic light scattering (DLS), laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The particle diffusion coefficient, the hydrodynamic diameter, the electrophoretic mobility, the zeta potential and the suspension stability were determined as a function of pH for different ionic strengths. The deposition of the immunolatex on bare and polyallylamine (PAH) functionalized mica was investigated using the microfluidic oblique impinging-jet cell, with an in situ, real-time image analysis module. The particle deposition kinetics was acquired by a direct particle enumeration procedure. The measurements enabled us to determine the range of pH where the specific deposition of the immunolatex on these substrates was absent. We argue that the obtained results have practical significance for conducting efficient flow immunoassays governed by specific antigen/antibody interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żeliszewska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Monika Wasilewska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Adamczyk
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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6
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Focosi D, Franchini M, Maggi F. Modified Hemagglutination Tests for COVID-19 Serology in Resource-Poor Settings: Ready for Prime-Time? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:406. [PMID: 35335038 PMCID: PMC8953758 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, serology has suffered several manufacturing and budget bottlenecks. Kode technology exposes exogenous antigens on the surface of cells; in the case of red blood cells, modified cells are called kodecytes, making antibody-antigen reactions detectable by the old-fashioned hemagglutination test. In this commentary, we review evidence supporting the utility of SARS-CoV-2 Spike kodecytes for clinical diagnostic purposes and serosurveys in resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Franchini
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, 46100 Mantua, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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7
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Peptide Linked Diacetylene Amphiphiles for Detection of Epitope Specific Antibodies. CHEMOSENSORS 2022; 10. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies produced in response to adaptive immunity provide a receptor with multiple sites for binding to a distinct epitope of an antigen. Determining antibody levels to specific antigens has important clinical applications in assessing immune status or deficiency, monitoring infectious or autoimmune diseases, and diagnosing allergies. Leveraging that a specific antibody will bind to a distinct small peptide epitope without requiring the entire antigen to be present, we demonstrate in this work a proof-of-concept assay to detect the presence of an antibody by using peptide epitopes linked to an amphiphile to generate a vesicle-based sensing system. By affording multiple copies of the epitope site on the vesicle, we revealed that the vesicles visibly aggregate in response to an antibody specific for that epitope due to multivalent binding provided by the antibody. We also uncovered the role of peptide surface density in providing accessible epitopes on the vesicles for antibody binding. In summary, using a peptide derived from the coat protein of human influenza virus directly linked to a diacetylene-containing amphiphile afforded peptide-laden vesicles that proved capable of detecting the presence of antibodies specific for human influenza hemagglutinin.
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8
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Kesarwani V, Walker JA, Henderson EC, Huynh G, McLiesh H, Graham M, Wieringa M, Banaszak Holl MM, Garnier G, Corrie SR. Column Agglutination Assay Using Polystyrene Microbeads for Rapid Detection of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2501-2509. [PMID: 34990107 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid serology platforms are essential in disease pandemics for a variety of applications, including epidemiological surveillance, contact tracing, vaccination monitoring, and primary diagnosis in resource-limited areas. Laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) platforms are inherently multistep processes that require trained personnel and are of relatively limited throughput. As an alternative, agglutination-based systems have been developed; however, they rely on donor red blood cells and are not yet available for high-throughput screening. Column agglutination tests are a mainstay of pretransfusion blood typing and can be performed at a range of scales, ranging from manual through to fully automated testing. Here, we describe a column agglutination test using colored microbeads coated with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that agglutinates when incubated with serum samples collected from patients recently infected with SARS-CoV-2. After confirming specific agglutination, we optimized centrifugal force and time to distinguish samples from uninfected vs SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and then showed concordant results against ELISA for 22 clinical samples, and also a set of serial bleeds from one donor at days 6-10 postinfection. Our study demonstrates the use of a simple, scalable, and rapid diagnostic platform that can be tailored to detect antibodies raised against SARS-CoV-2 and can be easily integrated with established laboratory frameworks worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhishri Kesarwani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Julia A Walker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Edward C Henderson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gabriel Huynh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Heather McLiesh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Maryza Graham
- Department of Microbiology and Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Megan Wieringa
- Department of Microbiology and Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Simon R Corrie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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