1
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Liu R, Cui SF, Gan CD, Yang JY. Effect of exogenous Ca on the physiology and growth indicators of pakchoi under foliar and root fluorine stress. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01575-y. [PMID: 37138141 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine (F) is not an essential element for vegetation and excessive F can be phytotoxic to plant growth, which can cause fluorosis to human beings by ingesting F-contaminated plant. Although there have been some studies focusing on the toxicity of F to plants and the retarding effect of Ca to F-stress plant, atmospheric F contamination to vegetation and the role of the application of foliar Ca are scantly reported. This study investigated several biochemical parameters to evaluate F toxicity under both F-exposure (root and leaf F-exposure) and the remedial effects of foliar Ca. The results showed that F concentration of pakchoi leaves was correlated with exogenous F level positively in both foliar and root F-exposure series, and F concentration of pakchoi roots was only changed under root F-exposure treatments. Ca supplement (0.5 g/L and 1 g/L) significantly decreased plant F concentration. Both F-exposure treatments caused lipid peroxidation in plants and exogenous Ca alleviated the toxicity of F to pakchoi. Meanwhile, chlorophyll-a concentration was decreased by foliar and root F, whereas chlorophyll-b concentration was only affected by foliar F, and chlorophyll-a concentration could be elevated by exogenous Ca but chlorophyll-b could not. It was concluded that both atmospheric and root F can impair pakchoi growth and disturb photosynthesis, and foliar Ca showed an ameliorative effect to F toxicity of pakchoi through alleviating chlorophyll decomposition, increasing protein content and alleviating oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Si-Fan Cui
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Chun-Dan Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China.
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2
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Sharma R, Sharma R, Parveen K, Pant D, Malaviya P. Comprehensive and critical appraisal of plant-based defluoridation from environmental matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130892. [PMID: 34044304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is recognized as one of the global environmental threats because of its non-biodegradable nature and long-term persistence in the environment. This has created the dire need to explore various defluoridation techniques (membrane process, adsorption, precipitation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and electrocoagulation). Owing to their cost ineffectiveness and high operational costs, these technologies failed to find any practical utility in fluoride remediation. Comparatively, defluoridation techniques involving the use of low-cost plant-derived adsorbents and fluoride phytoremediators are considered better alternatives. Through this review, an attempt has been made to critically synthesize information about various plant-based bioadsorbents and hyperaccumulators from existing literature. Moreover, mechanisms underlying the fluoride adsorption and accumulation by plants have been thoroughly discussed that will invigorate the researchers to develop novel ideas about process/product modifications to further enhance the removal potential of the adsorbents and plants. Literature survey unravels that various low-cost plant-derived adsorbents have shown their efficacy in defluoridation, yet there is an urgent need to explore their pragmatic application on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rozi Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Khalida Parveen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation & Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium
| | - Piyush Malaviya
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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3
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Jeddi K, Fatnassi M, Chaieb M, Siddique KHM. Tree species as a biomonitor of metal pollution in arid Mediterranean environments: case for arid southern Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28598-28605. [PMID: 33547608 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the accumulation of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in the soil and the leaves and bark of five common tree species (Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl., Acacia salicina Lindl., Cupressus sempervirens L., Casuarina equisetifolia L., and Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst.) in the city of Gabès Tunisia to elucidate their bioaccumulation potential and determine their usefulness as biomonitors of metallic pollution in arid urban areas. Our results indicated that the bark had higher mean concentrations of Pb and Cd than leaves. In contrast, the leaves had higher mean concentrations of Zn and Cu than bark. No hyperaccumulation was detected for any of the analyzed metals in any of the studied species. E. occidentalis and T. aphylla had the highest mean concentrations of the investigated metals in leaves and bark. Based on the calculated metal accumulation index (MAI) values, these two species accumulated more metals than other studied tree species. Likewise, the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in soil had significant positive correlations with that in leaves and bark. Accordingly, E. occidentalis could be used for biomonitoring in arid areas subjected to industrial and traffic pollution. T. aphylla would be a good alternative when native species are a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Jeddi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Gabès, Zrig, 6072, Gabès, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Marwa Fatnassi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Gabès, Zrig, 6072, Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chaieb
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
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4
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Ben Amor A, Bagues M, Elloumi N, Chaira N, Rahmani R, Nagaz K. Suitability of four main Mediterranean tree crops for their growth in peri-urban agriculture and restoration (Gabes, Tunisia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19034-19045. [PMID: 33394422 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase the knowledge about crop tolerance to air pollutants in the different agroclimatic zones of the world, so that they can be efficiently considered for improving peri-urban agriculture, increasing the success of restoration projects, or enhancing air quality in polluted sites, the suitability of four economical valuable tree crops of the Mediterranean agriculture were studied under field conditions: date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), fig tree (Ficus carica L.), and olive tree (Olea europaea L.). The measurement of biochemical markers such as ascorbic acid content, leaf relative water content, leaf total chlorophyll and leaf extract pH, at two contrasted air quality sites, a polluted site located around Gabes (Tunisia) industrial area and a control site, allowed the assessment of the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API) for the assayed species. Results showed obvious differences between the evergreen and the caducifolious tree crops assayed. Phoenix dactylifera tree (API = 6) was classified as an excellent performer for growing under poor air quality, followed by Olea europaea tree (API = 2) which was classified as a moderate performer. Both of trees can be recommended for successful results in peri-urban agriculture and restoration projects of polluted areas in the Mediterranean climate; on the contrary, the suitability of the Punica granatum (API = 1) was very poor, but still potentially interesting as a biological indicator of air pollution. Regarding the Ficus carica tree (API = 0), this species is not suitable for growing in air-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afef Ben Amor
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bagues
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia.
| | - Nada Elloumi
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Chaira
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Rami Rahmani
- Research Unit of Active Biomolecules Valorization, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Mednine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Nagaz
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
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5
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Boukhris A, Laffont-Schwob I, Folzer H, Rabier J, Mezghani I, Salducci MD, Tatoni T, Chaieb M. Tolerance strategies of two Mediterranean native xerophytes under fluoride pollution in Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34753-34764. [PMID: 30324375 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A field study was conducted along a fluorine gradient of soil pollution in Tunisia from Gabes, the most polluted site, to Smara, the reference site. Variations of fluoride (F) concentrations in soils were detected over 1 year in Gabes, Skhira, and Smara. F concentrations in the aerial part of two native plant species, i.e., Erodium glaucophyllum and Rhanterium suaveolens, were above the usual background concentrations. Bioaccumulation factors ranged from 0.08 to 1.3. With F concentrations in aerial parts up to 355 mg kg-1, both species may be described as F accumulators. Both species showed an earlier vegetative growth in Gabes than in Smara. However, some difference between their strategies could be observed, i.e., E. glaucophyllum shortening the period of its vegetative growth with an escape strategy and R. suaveolens decreasing its ratio of alive/dead parts potentially lowering the F toxicity by storage in dead cells. However, at a tissue level, mechanisms of tolerance were similar. Leaf section micrographs of both species showed a higher calcium accumulation in leaf midveins at Gabes than at Smara, confirming the role of calcium in plant F tolerance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Boukhris
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
- Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Isabelle Laffont-Schwob
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Marseille, France.
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, LPED, 3 place Victor Hugo, case 10, 13331, Marseille Cedex 3, France.
| | - Hélène Folzer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Rabier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | - Imed Mezghani
- Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Thierry Tatoni
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Chaieb
- Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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6
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Reis GBD, Andrade-Vieira LF, Moraes IDC, César PHS, Marcussi S, Davide LC. Reliability of plant root comet assay in comparison with human leukocyte comet assay for assessment environmental genotoxic agents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:110-116. [PMID: 28395203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Comet assay is an efficient test to detect genotoxic compounds based on observation of DNA damage. The aim of this work was to compare the results obtained from the comet assay in two different type of cells extracted from the root tips from Lactuca sativa L. and human blood. For this, Spent Pot Liner (SPL), and its components (aluminum and fluoride) were applied as toxic agents. SPL is a solid waste generated in industry from the aluminum mining and processing with known toxicity. Three concentrations of all tested solutions were applied and the damages observed were compared to negative and positive controls. It was observed an increase in the frequency of DNA damage for human leukocytes and plant cells, in all treatments. On human leukocytes, SPL induced the highest percentage of damage, with an average of 87.68%. For root tips cells of L. sativa the highest percentage of damage was detected for aluminum (93.89%). Considering the arbitrary units (AU), the average of nuclei with high levels of DNA fragmentation was significant for both cells type evaluated. The tested cells demonstrated equal effectiveness for detection of the genotoxicity induced by the SPL and its chemical components, aluminum and fluoride. Further, using a unique method, the comet assay, we proved that cells from root tips of Lactuca sativa represent a reliable model to detect DNA damage induced by genotoxic pollutants is in agreement of those observed in human leukocytes as model. So far, plant cells may be suggested as important system to assess the toxicological risk of environmental agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvana Marcussi
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), CEP 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Lisete Chamma Davide
- Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), CEP 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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7
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Ben Salem Z, Drira Z, Ayadi H. What factors drive the variations of phytoplankton, ciliate and mesozooplankton communities in the polluted southern coast of Sfax, Tunisia? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11764-11780. [PMID: 25854209 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the spatial distribution of phytoplankton, ciliate and mesozooplankton communities coupled with environmental factors in the southern coast of Sfax (central eastern coastline of Tunisia). Phytoplankton assemblages were dominated by Dinophyceae (69.99%) and Bacillariophyceae (15.88%). The ciliate community consisted of Spirotrichea with a dominance of Tintinnopsis beroidea (57.69%). The mesozooplankton community was dominated by copepods representing 66.12% of the total zooplankton. Oithona nana showed a high frequency mainly in stations 9 and 10 with 66.86 and 64.65%, respectively. Some toxic phytoplankton species were recorded in the present study site. For this reason, the pollution generated in this area presents a slight degradation of the water quality and can be responsible for the bloom generated by the high proliferation of these toxic microalgae. The pollution generated by industrial activities has an effect on the spatial distribution of phytoplankton, ciliate and copepod communities with a reduction of their diversity indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Ben Salem
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences Research, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Street of Soukra Km 3.5. BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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8
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Boukhris A, Laffont-Schwob I, Rabier J, Salducci MD, El Kadri L, Tonetto A, Tatoni T, Chaieb M. Changes in mesophyll element distribution and phytometabolite contents involved in fluoride tolerance of the arid gypsum-tolerant plant species Atractylis serratuloides Sieber ex Cass. (Asteraceae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:7918-7929. [PMID: 25510616 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atractylis serratuloides is an abundant native spiny species that grows in the surroundings of superphosphate factories in Tunisia. This plant species is adapted to arid environments and tolerates a high level of fluoride pollution in soils. The aim of this study was to better understand the physiological mechanisms of fluoride tolerance of this species, comparing the fluoride-contaminated sites of Gabes and Skhira with the reference site of Smara. Results demonstrated the involvement of leaf element and phytometabolite balances in the in situ response of A. serrulatoides to fluoride. Calcium, sulphur and magnesium were differently distributed between the sites of Gabes and Smara in all plant organs. No specific tissue fluorine accumulation in root, stem and leaf, even in the most contaminated site at Gabes, was detected by EDAX mapping. Lower anthocyan and flavonol levels but enhanced nitrogen balance index were found in A. serrulatoides leaves from Gabes compared to the two other sites. A. serratuloides appeared as a fluoride excluder and its tolerance involved calcium interactions with fluoride. Moreover, an occurrence of dark septate endophytes and arbuscular mycorhizal fungi in root systems of A. serratuloides was reported for the first time, and these symbioses were present but low at all sites. We suggest the use of this plant species for fluoride-polluted soil stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Boukhris
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, 52 Avenue Normandie-Niemen, 13397, Marseille CEDEX 20, France,
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9
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Boukhris A, Laffont-Schwob I, Mezghani I, Kadri LE, Prudent P, Pricop A, Tatoni T, Chaieb M. Screening biological traits and fluoride contents of native vegetations in arid environments to select efficiently fluoride-tolerant native plant species for in-situ phytoremediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:217-223. [PMID: 25014764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
High fluoride pollution has been detected in the surrounding soils of the coastal superphosphate industries in the Gulf of Gabes (Southeast of Tunisia). A study was conducted in vicinity of factories analysing plant functional traits combined with plant fluoride accumulation and soil metal concentrations aiming to screen more efficiently native plant species tolerant to this pollution. Aerial parts of 18 plant species out of the 10 most abundant species per site were harvested on two polluted sites of Gabes and Skhira at the vicinity of the factories and on the less polluted site of Smara. Native plant species accumulated fluoride following the gradient of soil pollution. Fluoride contents of plant aerial parts ranged from 37 mg kg(-1) to 360 mg kg(-1) and five plant species were only found in the most polluted site. However these latter had low biomass and soil cover. Crossing biological traits and fluoride contents, a selection grid for potentially restorative plant species enabled the selection of three native perennials i.e. Rhanterium suaveolens, Atractylis serratuloides and, Erodium glaucophyllum as potential candidates for an in-situ phytoremediation program on arid fluoride-polluted sites. This approach may be used in other fluoride-polluted Mediterranean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Boukhris
- Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), 52 avenue Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France; Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Isabelle Laffont-Schwob
- Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), 52 avenue Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France.
| | - Imed Mezghani
- Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lefi El Kadri
- Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Pascale Prudent
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE FRE 3416, Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Environnement, case 29, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France
| | - Anca Pricop
- Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), 52 avenue Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE FRE 3416, Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Environnement, case 29, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France
| | - Thierry Tatoni
- Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), 52 avenue Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Mohamed Chaieb
- Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
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10
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Zouari M, Ben Ahmed C, Fourati R, Delmail D, Ben Rouina B, Labrousse P, Ben Abdallah F. Soil fluoride spiking effects on olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 108:78-83. [PMID: 25042248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment under open air conditions was carried out to investigate the uptake, accumulation and toxicity effects of fluoride in olive trees (Olea europaea L.) grown in a soil spiked with inorganic sodium fluoride (NaF). Six different levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100mM NaF) of soil spiking were applied through NaF to irrigation water. At the end of the experiment, total fluoride content in soil was 20 and 1770mgFkg(-1) soil in control and 100mM NaF treatments, respectively. The comparative distribution of fluoride partitioning among the different olive tree parts showed that the roots accumulated the most fluoride and olive fruits were minimally affected by soil NaF spiking as they had the lowest fluoride content. In fact, total fluoride concentration varied between 12 and 1070µgFg(-1) in roots, between 9 and 570µgFg(-1) in shoots, between 12 and 290µgFg(-1) in leaves, and between 10 and 29µgFg(-1) in fruits, respectively for control and 100mM NaF treatments. Indeed, the fluoride accumulation pattern showed the following distribution: roots>shoots>leaves>fruits. On the other hand, fluoride toxicity symptoms such as leaf necrosis and leaf drop appeared only in highly spiked soils (60, 80 and 100mM NaF).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zouari
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, B.P. 1087, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; University of Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy, GRESE EA 4330, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France.
| | - C Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, B.P. 1087, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - R Fourati
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - D Delmail
- Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, University of Rennes, 2, Avenue of Professor Léon Bernard F-35043 RENNES Cedex, France
| | - B Ben Rouina
- Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, B.P. 1087, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - P Labrousse
- University of Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy, GRESE EA 4330, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France.
| | - F Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
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11
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Palmieri MJ, Luber J, Andrade-Vieira LF, Davide LC. Cytotoxic and phytotoxic effects of the main chemical components of spent pot-liner: a comparative approach. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 763:30-5. [PMID: 24561381 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Spent pot-liner (SPL) is a hazardous solid waste produced by the aluminum industry. Although its composition may vary, fluoride and cyanide salts as well as aluminum are predominant components. A seed-germination and root-elongation test was performed with Lactuca sativa seeds as a test system. SPL induced decrease of seed germination rate and root elongation. The concentration of 26.5g/L SPL was established from a regression curve as the IC50 (inhibition concentration 50%). Through chemical analyses, the concentrations of fluoride, cyanide and aluminum in SPL solutions of 26.5g/L (IC50), 39.75g/L (1.5IC50) and 13.25g/L (0.5IC50) were determined. Further, a cell-cycle test was conducted with root tips of L. sativa exposed to these same SPL solutions. All test chemicals presented toxic effects on meristematic cells of L. sativa. Aluminum was identified as the SPL component mainly responsible for reduction of the mitotic index. Chromosomal alterations resulted from the interactions among the three main chemical components of SPL, without a clear predominantly responsible agent. Induction of condensed nuclei was mainly due to effects of aluminum and fluoride, and may serve as an indicator of induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel José Palmieri
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), ZIP Code: 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Jaquelini Luber
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Lisete Chamma Davide
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), ZIP Code: 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
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