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De Roo NMC, Toulouse K, Thierens LAM, Henry S, De Buyser S, Temmerman L, Verbeeck RMH, De Pauw GAM. In Vitro Investigation into the Effect of Cryopreservation on the Mechanical Characteristics of Dental Hard Tissues. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:551. [PMID: 37998120 PMCID: PMC10672544 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has reported on hidden damage within the dentin introduced by cryopreservation, but the effect on the mechanical properties of the hard tissues at tooth level remains unclear. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on the mechanical properties of teeth. A matched sample of 234 premolars of 117 children (9 ≤ age ≤ 16 years), bilaterally extracted for orthodontic reasons, were included. For each child, one tooth was randomly allocated to the cryopreservation group and the contralateral tooth was assigned to the control group. Static compression tests were performed to determine load to failure, stiffness, and toughness. In a subgroup of 20 teeth, a cyclic preloading or chewing simulation was performed. Additionally, the fracture mode was determined, and the microstructure of the fractured surfaces was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Linear mixed model analyses could not detect a statistical difference in the mean load to failure (p = 0.549), mean toughness (p = 0.968), or mean stiffness (p = 0.150) between cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved teeth. No significant difference in load to failure after cyclic preloading was detected between groups (p = 0.734). SEM analysis revealed comparable fracture characteristics between groups. It is concluded that cryopreservation does not affect the mean load to failure, stiffness, or toughness of teeth, indicating that hidden damage in the dentin is not critical at tooth level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmi M. C. De Roo
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (L.A.M.T.); (G.A.M.D.P.)
| | - Kaat Toulouse
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (L.A.M.T.); (G.A.M.D.P.)
| | - Laurent A. M. Thierens
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (L.A.M.T.); (G.A.M.D.P.)
- Translational Neurosciences, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Silke Henry
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Buyser
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Liesbeth Temmerman
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (L.A.M.T.); (G.A.M.D.P.)
| | - Ronald M. H. Verbeeck
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy A. M. De Pauw
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (L.A.M.T.); (G.A.M.D.P.)
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Li X, Nakamura M, Tian W, Sasano Y. Application of cryopreservation to tooth germ transplantation for root development and tooth eruption. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9522. [PMID: 33947923 PMCID: PMC8096938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We cryopreserved mouse tooth germs with widely open cervical margins of the enamel organ to overcome difficulties in cryoprotectant permeation and tested their efficacy by transplanting them into recipient mice. The upper right first molar germs of 8-day-old donor mice were extracted and categorized into the following four groups according to cryopreservation time: no cryopreservation, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. The donor tooth germs were transplanted into the upper right first molar germ sockets of the 8-day-old recipient mice. The upper left first molars of the recipient mice were used as controls. The outcome of the transplantation was assessed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after transplantation. Stereomicroscopic evaluation revealed that most of the transplanted teeth erupted by 3 weeks after transplantation. Micro-computed tomography analysis revealed root elongation in the transplanted groups as well as in the controls. There was no significant difference between the cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved transplanted teeth, but the roots of the cryopreserved teeth were significantly shorter than those of the control teeth. Histological examination revealed root and periodontal ligament formations in all the transplanted groups. These results suggest that the transplantation of cryopreserved tooth germs facilitates subsequent root elongation and tooth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghan Li
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.,Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Megumi Nakamura
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yasuyuki Sasano
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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De Roo NMC, Deboosere E, Thierens LAM, Vercruysse C, Temmerman L, Verbeeck RMH, Pauw GAMDE. The orthodontic bonding properties of human enamel after cryopreservation. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:950-955. [PMID: 32595189 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on the enamel bonding properties of orthodontic brackets. Sixty-six human premolars were randomly allocated to a control group or a cryopreserved group. Conventional stainless-steel orthodontic brackets were bonded with a light cure adhesive on the buccal side of the premolars. The shear bond strength (SBS) was determined at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were evaluated respectively by an independent samples t test and Fisher's exact test (α≤0.05). The mean failure load was lower in the cryopreserved group. However, this difference in SBS was not significant (p=0.443). In both groups, the ARI mostly indicated a failure at the enamel-adhesive interface. The mean ARI scores for both groups were not significantly different (p=0.099). Within the limitations of this macro bond strength testing, it can be concluded that cryopreservation does not significantly affect the bonding properties of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmi M C De Roo
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University
| | - Eline Deboosere
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University
| | | | - Chris Vercruysse
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University
| | | | | | - Guy A M DE Pauw
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University
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De Roo NMC, Thierens LAM, Temmerman L, De Pauw GAM. The evaluation of the transport medium for extracted premolars prior to cryopreservation: a systematic literature review. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:259-267. [PMID: 29511942 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior to cryopreservation, a tooth is transported from a contaminated oral environment to the tooth bank. Our objective was to identify all studies reporting or investigating a transport protocol prior to the cryopreservation of teeth, in terms of decontamination of the subjects. The systematic literature search (1970-2017) was based on MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. The reference lists of the included studies and the Science Citation Index were used for hand searching (snowballing). Only studies reporting the transport conditions of the transplant were included. Language restrictions for English, Dutch or French were applied. The search led to 14 eligible studies. Almost all studies were laboratory studies, so the methodological quality of evidence was low. The majority of the included studies was performed by only five different research groups and the number of subjects varied between 1 and 120 teeth. In general, the teeth were stored in a tissue culture medium supplemented with fetal calf serum and/or different combinations of antibiotics and/or antimycotics. The teeth were transported cooled (4 °C) or at room temperature, for a period of time not exceeding 24 h. Only three studies reported the irrigation of the teeth with phosphate buffered saline prior to the transport. The optimisation of the decontamination during transport was investigated in three studies (from 1971, 1980 and 1982). It was concluded that the literature on this topic is scarce, and the decontamination protocol for teeth, prior to cryopreservation has not been validated recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmi M C De Roo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, P8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Laurent A M Thierens
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, P8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Temmerman
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, P8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy A M De Pauw
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, P8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Staels S, De Coster P, Vral A, Temmerman L, De Pauw G. An experimental study on periodontal regeneration after subcutaneous transplantation of rat molar with and without cryopreservation: an in vivo study. Cryobiology 2013; 66:303-10. [PMID: 23562570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analysed the effects of cryopreservation on periodontal regeneration of autotransplanted rat molars. First and second maxillary molars (n=92) of 24 four-week-old Wistar rats were gently extracted and autotransplanted into the abdominal tissue immediately (control group n=44) or after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen for 7 days (experimental group n=48). At 1, 2, 4 and 10 weeks after transplantation, the transplanted molars were excised and regeneration of the periodontal tissues was analysed on histological sections stained with routine H&E and Goldner method. Different tissue responses were scored on a tooth basis: inflammation, regeneration of the periodontal ligament, resorption/apposition of cementum, and alveolar bone formation. Sixty-two teeth were available for histological evaluation, including 30 experimental and 32 control samples. One week after transplantation, both control and test teeth were surrounded by granulation tissue and some areas of root resorption could be seen. After 2 weeks, signs of regeneration of the periodontal ligament, cementum apposition, and new bone formation roughly coincided in both groups, however markedly retarded in the experimental group. After 4 weeks, regeneration progressed equally in both groups, presenting fewer areas of cementum apposition in experimental samples. Finally, 10 weeks after baseline transplantation, no significant differences between both groups could be observed. Cryopreservation followed by autotransplantation of extracted teeth in rats appears to have minimal detrimental effects on regeneration of periodontal tissues after integration periods of 1-10 weeks. However, the present findings indicated that the regeneration process in general is retarded for cryopreserved teeth, as compared to their immediately transplanted homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Staels
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium.
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The critical apical diameter to obtain regeneration of the pulp tissue after tooth transplantation, replantation, or regenerative endodontic treatment. J Endod 2013; 39:759-63. [PMID: 23683275 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regeneration of pulp-like tissue in the pulp chamber after tooth transplantation, replantation, or in regenerative endodontic treatment is only possible if the apical foramen is open. According to the literature, the success of regeneration decreases considerably if the foramen is smaller than 1 mm when measured on radiographs. The aim of this study was to study histologically the relation between the width of the apical foramen and regeneration of tissue in the pulp chamber after autotransplantation. METHODS Fifteen single-rooted mature teeth of 3 adult beagle dogs were used. All experimental teeth were extracted and underwent apicoectomy. The teeth were photographed from the apical side, and the width of the foramen was calculated. The foramen width ranged from 0.24-1.09 mm. All teeth were replanted in infraocclusion. The observation period was 90 days after transplantation. RESULTS The 10 teeth with the smallest apical diameter, ranging between 0.24 and 0.53 mm, showed vital tissue in at least one third of the pulp chamber. The 6 most successful teeth showing vital tissue in the entire pulp chamber had an apical diameter between 0.32 and 0.65 mm, and 80% of the experimental teeth with a diameter varying between 1.09 and 0.31 mm showed vital tissue in at least one third of the pulp chamber 90 days after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The size of the apical foramen seems not to be the all decisive factor for successful revascularization and ingrowth of new tissue after transplantation. The minimum width of the apical foramen has not been determined, but a size smaller than 1 mm does not prevent revascularization and ingrowth of vital tissue. In this animal study an apical foramen of 0.32 mm did not prevent ingrowth of new tissue in two-thirds of the pulp chamber 90 days after transplantation.
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