1
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Holt WV. Biobanks, offspring fitness and the influence of developmental plasticity in conservation biology. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230026. [PMID: 37700907 PMCID: PMC10494884 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitigation of the widely known threats to the world's biodiversity is difficult, despite the strategies and actions proposed by international agreements such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Nevertheless, many scientists devote their time and effort to finding and implementing various solutions to the problem. One potential way forward that is gaining popularity involves the establishment of biobank programs aimed at preserving and storing germplasm from threatened species, and then using it to support the future viability and health of threatened populations. This involves developing and using assisted reproductive technologies to achieve their goals. Despite considerable advances in the effectiveness of reproductive technologies, differences between the reproductive behavior and physiology of widely differing taxonomic groups mean that this approach cannot be applied with equal success to many species. Moreover, evidence that epigenetic influences and developmental plasticity, whereby it is now understood that embryonic development, and subsequent health in later life, can be affected by peri-conceptional environmental conditions, is raising the possibility that cryopreservation methods themselves may have to be reviewed and revised when planning the biobanks. Here, I describe the benefits and problems associated with germplasm biobanking across various species, but also offer some realistic assessments of current progress and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Vincent Holt
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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2
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Yang LL, Ito D, Ushigome N, Wakayama S, Ooga M, Wakayama T. A novel, simplified method to prepare and preserve freeze-dried mouse sperm in plastic microtubes. J Reprod Dev 2023; 69:198-205. [PMID: 37357399 PMCID: PMC10435530 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2023-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although freeze-drying sperm can save space, reduce maintenance costs, and facilitate the transportation of genetic samples, the current method requires breakable, custom-made, and expensive glass ampoules. In the present study, we developed a simple and economical method for collecting freeze-dried (FD) sperm using commercially available plastic microtubes. Mouse epididymal sperm suspensions were placed in 1.5 ml polypropylene tubes, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and dried in an acrylic freeze-drying chamber, after which they were closed under a vacuum. The drying duration did not differ between the microtube and glass ampoule methods (control); however, the sperm recovery rate was higher using the microtube method, and the physical damage to the sperm after rehydration was also reduced. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using FD sperm stored in microtubes at -30°C yielded healthy offspring without reducing the success rate, even after 9 months of storage. Air infiltration into all microtubes stored at room temperature (RT) within 2 weeks of storage caused a drastic decrease in the fertilization rate of FD sperm; underwater storage did not prevent air infiltration. RT storage of FD sperm in microtubes for 1 week resulted in healthy offspring after ICSI (5-18%), but the addition of silica gel or CaCl2 did not improve the success rate. Our novel microtube method is currently the simplest and most effective method for treating FD sperm, contributing to the development of alternative low-cost approaches for preserving and transporting genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ly Yang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Daiyu Ito
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ushigome
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Sayaka Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ooga
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Wakayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
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3
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Wake Y, Endo M, Tsunoda S, Tawara H, Abe H, Nakagawa Y, Kaneko T. Successful induction of pseudopregnancy using sonic vibration in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3604. [PMID: 36869082 PMCID: PMC9984469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo transfer (ET) is an essential reproductive technology for the production of new animal strains and maintenance of genetic resources. We developed a method, named Easy-ET, to induce pseudopregnancy in female rats by artificial stimulation using sonic vibration instead of mating with vasectomized males. This study examined the application of this method for the induction of pseudopregnancy in mice. Offspring were obtained from two-cell embryos transferred into females with pseudopregnancy induced using sonic vibration in proestrus on the day before embryo transfer. Furthermore, high developmental rates of offspring were observed when pronuclear and two-cell embryos were transferred to females in estrus that were stimulated on the day of embryo transfer. Genome-edited mice were also obtained using frozen-warmed pronuclear embryos with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system (Cas) nucleases introduced using the technique for animal knockout system by electroporation (TAKE) method, which were transferred to females with pseudopregnancy induced on the day of embryo transfer. This study demonstrated that induction of pseudopregnancy by sonic vibration was also possible in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Wake
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Marina Endo
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | | | | | - Hisayuki Abe
- Institute for Animal Reproduction, Ibaraki, 300-0134, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
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4
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Comizzoli P, Amelkina O, Lee PC. Damages and stress responses in sperm cells and other germplasms during dehydration and storage at nonfreezing temperatures for fertility preservation. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:565-578. [PMID: 36370428 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-term preservation of sperm, oocytes, and gonadal tissues at ambient temperatures has the potential to lower the costs and simplify biobanking in human reproductive medicine, as well as for the management of animal populations. Over the past decades, different dehydration protocols and long-term storage solutions at nonfreezing temperatures have been explored, mainly for mammalian sperm cells. Oocytes and gonadal tissues are more challenging to dehydrate so little to no progress have been made. Currently, the detrimental effects of the drying process itself are better characterized than the impact of long-term storage at nonfreezing temperatures. While structural and functional properties of germ cells can be preserved after dehydration, a long list of damages and stresses in nuclei, organelles, and cytoplasmic membranes have been reported and sometimes mitigated. Characterizing those damages and better understanding the response of germ cells and tissues to the stress of dehydration is fundamental. It will contribute to the development of optimal protocols while proving the safety of alternative storage options for fertility preservation. The objective of this review is to (1) document the types of damages and stress responses, as well as their mitigation in cells dried with different techniques, and (2) propose new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Veterinary Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Olga Amelkina
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Veterinary Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Pei-Chih Lee
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Veterinary Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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USHIGOME N, WAKAYAMA S, YAMAJI K, ITO D, OOGA M, WAKAYAMA T. Production of offspring from vacuum-dried mouse spermatozoa and assessing the effect of drying conditions on sperm DNA and embryo development. J Reprod Dev 2022; 68:262-270. [PMID: 35676029 PMCID: PMC9334318 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2022-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze-dried sperm (FD sperm) are of great value because they can be stored at room temperature for long periods of time, However, the birth rate of offspring derived from FD sperm is low
and the step in the freeze-drying process particularly responsible for low offspring production remains unknown. In this study, we determined whether the drying process was responsible for
the low success rate of offspring by producing vacuum-dried sperm (VD sperm), using mouse spermatozoa dried in a vacuum without being frozen. Transfer of embryos fertilized with VD sperm to
recipients resulted in the production of several successful offspring. However, the success rate was slightly lower than that of FD sperm. The volume, temperature, and viscosity of the
medium were optimized to improve the birth rate. The results obtained from a comet assay indicated that decreasing the drying rate reduced the extent of DNA damage in VD sperm. Furthermore,
even though the rate of blastocyst formation increased upon fertilization with VD sperm, full-term development was not improved. Analysis of chromosomal damage at the two-cell stage through
an abnormal chromosome segregation (ACS) assay revealed that reduction in the drying rate failed to prevent chromosomal damage. These results indicate that the lower birth rate of offspring
from FD sperm may result from the drying process rather than the freezing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki USHIGOME
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Sayaka WAKAYAMA
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kango YAMAJI
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Daiyu ITO
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Masatoshi OOGA
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Teruhiko WAKAYAMA
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
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Desiccated cat spermatozoa retain DNA integrity and developmental potential after prolonged storage and shipping at non-cryogenic temperatures. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:141-151. [PMID: 34609666 PMCID: PMC8866589 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the DNA integrity and developmental potential of microwave-dehydrated cat spermatozoa after storage at - 20 °C for different time periods and/or overnight shipping on dry ice. METHODS Epididymal spermatozoa from domestic cats were microwave-dehydrated on coverslips after trehalose exposure. Dried samples were either assessed immediately, stored for various duration at - 20 °C, or shipped internationally on dry ice before continued storage. Dry-stored spermatozoa were rehydrated before assessing DNA integrity (TUNEL assays) or developmental potential (injection into in vitro matured oocytes followed by in vitro embryo culture for up to 7 days). RESULTS Percentages of dried-rehydrated spermatozoa with intact DNA was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by desiccation and short-term storage (range, 78.9 to 80.0%) but decreased (P < 0.05) with storage over 5 months (range, 71.0 to 75.2%) compared to fresh controls (92.6 ± 2.2%). After oocyte injection with fresh or dried-rehydrated spermatozoa (regardless of storage time), percentages of activation, pronuclear formation, and embryo development were similar (P > 0.05). Importantly, spermatozoa shipped internationally also retained the ability to support embryo development up to the morula stage. CONCLUSION Results demonstrated the possibility to sustain DNA integrity and developmental potential of spermatozoa by dry-preservation, even after long-term storage and long-distance shipment at non-cryogenic temperatures. While further studies are warranted, present results demonstrate that dry preservation can be a reliable approach for simple and cost-effective sperm biobanking or shipment.
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Abstract
Rabbits are an important animal species for meeting the nutritional requirements of the world's growing population due to the high conversion rate of feed. In most countries, the rabbit industry currently relies on artificial insemination with fresh or chilled and frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Various factors during the freezing process, including diluents, sperm preparation and freezing techniques, antioxidants, sudden temperature changes, ice formation and osmotic stress, have been proposed as reasons for the poor sperm quality post thaw. Despite the extensive progress reached in the field of rabbit sperm cryopreservation, new methodological approaches that could overcome problems in sperm cryopreservation are necessary. The aim of this review was to describe the factors that affect the cryopreservation of rabbit sperm.
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Wakayama S, Ito D, Kamada Y, Shimazu T, Suzuki T, Nagamatsu A, Araki R, Ishikawa T, Kamimura S, Hirose N, Kazama K, Yang L, Inoue R, Kikuchi Y, Hayashi E, Emura R, Watanabe R, Nagatomo H, Suzuki H, Yamamori T, Tada MN, Osada I, Umehara M, Sano H, Kasahara H, Higashibata A, Yano S, Abe M, Kishigami S, Kohda T, Ooga M, Wakayama T. Evaluating the long-term effect of space radiation on the reproductive normality of mammalian sperm preserved on the International Space Station. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/24/eabg5554. [PMID: 34117068 PMCID: PMC8195474 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Space radiation may cause DNA damage to cells and concern for the inheritance of mutations in offspring after deep space exploration. However, there is no way to study the long-term effects of space radiation using biological materials. Here, we developed a method to evaluate the biological effect of space radiation and examined the reproductive potential of mouse freeze-dried spermatozoa stored on the International Space Station (ISS) for the longest period in biological research. The space radiation did not affect sperm DNA or fertility after preservation on ISS, and many genetically normal offspring were obtained without reducing the success rate compared to the ground-preserved control. The results of ground x-ray experiments showed that sperm can be stored for more than 200 years in space. These results suggest that the effect of deep space radiation on mammalian reproduction can be evaluated using spermatozoa, even without being monitored by astronauts in Gateway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan.
| | - Daiyu Ito
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Kamada
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Toru Shimazu
- Space Utilization Promotion Department, Japan Space Forum, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tomomi Suzuki
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan
| | - Aiko Nagamatsu
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan
| | - Ryoko Araki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamimura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Hirose
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kazama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Rei Inoue
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kikuchi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Erika Hayashi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Rina Emura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Ren Watanabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagatomo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Space Utilization Promotion Department, Japan Space Forum, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamamori
- Space Utilization Promotion Department, Japan Space Forum, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Motoki N Tada
- Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ikuko Osada
- Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Masumi Umehara
- Advanced Engineering Services Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sano
- Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Haruo Kasahara
- Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | | | - Sachiko Yano
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan
| | - Masumi Abe
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishigami
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ooga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan.
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Long-term preservation of mammalian sperm at suprazero temperatures is desired to save storage and space costs, as well as to facilitate transport of preserved samples. This can be accomplished by the freeze-drying of sperm samples. Although freeze-drying results in immotile and membrane-compromised sperm, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can be used to introduce such an immotile sperm into an oocyte and thus start the fertilization process. So far, it has been shown that improved freeze-drying protocols preserve chromosomal integrity and oocyte-activating factor(s) in rodent and mammalian species at 4 °C for several years and at ambient temperature for up to 1 year depending on species, which permits shipping freeze-dried samples at ambient temperature. This chapter concisely reviews freeze-drying of mammalian sperm first and then presents a simple freeze-drying protocol.
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10
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Development of feline embryos produced using freeze-dried sperm. Theriogenology 2020; 147:71-76. [PMID: 32126383 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Freeze drying has been developed as a new sperm preservation method that eliminates the necessity of using liquid nitrogen. An advantage of freeze-dried sperm is that it can be stored at 4 °C and transported at room temperature. To develop assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) for domestic cats, we evaluated the effect of the freeze-dry procedure on cat sperm DNA by analyzing DNA integrity (experiment 1) and by generating cat embryos using freeze-dried sperm that had been preserved for several months (experiment 2). In experiment 1, the rate of DNA damage to freeze-dried sperm was not significantly different than that of sperm cryopreserved with liquid nitrogen (P > 0.05). In experiment 2, the proportions of cleaved embryos, morulae, and blastocysts and the cell number of blastocysts did not differ between experimental groups in which fresh sperm and freeze-dried sperm were used (P > 0.05). In addition, we generated feline blastocysts using freeze-dried sperm stored for 1-5 months. These results support an expansion of the repertoire of ARTs that are potentially applicable to both domestic and endangered species of cats.
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Ito D, Wakayama S, Kamada Y, Shibasaki I, Kamimura S, Ooga M, Wakayama T. Effect of trehalose on the preservation of freeze-dried mice spermatozoa at room temperature. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:353-359. [PMID: 31118350 PMCID: PMC6708850 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze-drying of spermatozoa is a convenient and safe method to preserve mammalian genetic material without the use of liquid nitrogen or a deep freezer. However, freeze-dried spermatozoa
(FD sperm) are not frequently used because of the low success rate of offspring after intracytoplasmic spermatozoa injection (ICSI). In this study, we determined the optimal concentration
and a point of action of trehalose as a protectant for the preservation of FD sperm from different mouse strains at room temperature (RT). Although trehalose demonstrated no potential to
protect the FD sperm of ICR mice against the freeze-drying procedure itself, the blastocyst rate was significantly improved when FD sperm was preserved for more than 1 month at RT (56–63%
vs. 29% without trehalose). The optimal concentration of trehalose was 0.5 M. Importantly, remarkable results were obtained when spermatozoa of inbred mouse strains
(C57BL/6N, C3H/He, and 129/Sv) were used, and many offspring were obtained when FD sperm that was preserved for 3 months at RT (26–28% vs. 6–11% of without trehalose) was
used. However, when DNA damage in FD sperm was examined by gamma-H2Ax assays, it was found that trehalose failed to protect the FD sperm from DNA damage. These results suggest that trehalose
has the potential to protect other sperm factors rather than sperm DNA during preservation at RT for longer periods and trehalose is more effective for inbred mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyu Ito
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Sayaka Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Kamada
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan.,Present: Kameda Medical Center, Chiba 296-8602, Japan
| | - Ikue Shibasaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan.,Present: RIKEN Center for Brain Science (CBS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamimura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan.,Present: Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ooga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Wakayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan.,Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
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12
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Charlton SJ, Nielsen MB, Pedersen CR, Thomsen L, Kristjansen MP, Sørensen TB, Pertoldi C, Strand J. Strong Heterogeneity in Advances in Cryopreservation Techniques in the Mammalian Orders. Zoolog Sci 2019; 35:1-22. [PMID: 29417894 DOI: 10.2108/zs170037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Between 1970 and 2012, vertebrate abundance has declined by 58% with an average annual decline of 2%, calling for serious action to prevent a mass extinction and an irreversible loss of biodiversity. Cryobanks and cryopreservation have the potential to assist and improve ex situ and in situ conservation strategies by storing valuable genetic material. A great deal of studies concerning cryopreservation have been performed within the class Mammalia, although no systematic overview has previously been presented. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the status, pattern and future of cryopreservation within Mammalia. A strong disproportional distribution of studies in examined orders is displayed. For the majority of examined orders less than 10% of species has been examined. However, the cryopreservation of germplasm has in several cases been successful and resulted in successful applications of assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). Various obstacles are associated with the development of cryopreservation protocols, and among them the most prominent is interspecific differences in cryotolerance. Extrapolation of protocols in closely related species is considered the most applicable procedure, and a future supplement to overcome this problem is the examination and comparison of cryobiological traits. Successful protocols have been developed for the vast majority of domesticated mammals, which gives incentive for the further extrapolation of protocols in threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Charlton
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Nielsen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carina R Pedersen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lisette Thomsen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads P Kristjansen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Sørensen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.,2 Aalborg Zoo, Aalborg, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Julie Strand
- 3 Randers Regnskov, Randers, Tørvebryggen 11, 8900 Randers, Denmark
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13
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Exploring dry storage as an alternative biobanking strategy inspired by Nature. Theriogenology 2019; 126:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Grötter LG, Cattaneo L, Marini PE, Kjelland ME, Ferré LB. Recent advances in bovine sperm cryopreservation techniques with a focus on sperm post-thaw quality optimization. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:655-665. [PMID: 30681204 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation facilitates the storage and transport of germplasm for its use in artificial insemination (AI) and other advanced reproductive technologies. The cryopreservation process can damage sperm and compromise functionality. Several cryobiological studies have found that the physical and biological factors that affect sperm survival at low temperatures during the cryopreservation process often involve the integrity of sperm membrane. In this review, the behaviour of the sperm membrane against cooling, cold shock, ice crystal formation, oxidative stress, osmotic changes, reorganization of the lipid bilayer and addition of cryoprotective agents (CPA) is discussed. In addition, the phenomenon of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its relationship with the cryopreservation process is also described. Semen cryopreservation techniques have progressed slowly in past years, and the current performance, measured as post-thawed survival, is not very different compared to past decades. Recent advances in understanding the structure of the cell membrane, its function and metabolism have driven to new conservation systems, including lyophilization and vitrification. However, none of these technologies is commercially available, although its future appears very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guadalupe Grötter
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luciano Cattaneo
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Patricia Estela Marini
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET) y Área Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Michael E Kjelland
- Conservation, Genetics & Biotech, LLC, Vicksburg, Mississippi.,Mayville State University, Mayville, North Dakota
| | - Luis B Ferré
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Tres Arroyos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Kamada Y, Wakayama S, Shibasaki I, Ito D, Kamimura S, Ooga M, Wakayama T. Assessing the tolerance to room temperature and viability of freeze-dried mice spermatozoa over long-term storage at room temperature under vacuum. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10602. [PMID: 30006561 PMCID: PMC6045625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Freeze-drying has been frequently used to preserve food and microorganisms at room temperature (RT) for extended periods of time; however, its application to mammalian species is difficult. Here, we developed a method to prolong the stability of freeze-dried (FD) mice spermatozoa at RT for more than one year without using any cryoprotectant agents. Our data showed that maintaining a vacuum in ampoules is critical to ensuring the viability of FD spermatozoa, as the stability of spermatozoa DNA increased when imperfectly vacuumed ampoules were detected using a non-destructive test and eliminated. Finally a large number of healthy offspring were obtained from mice oocytes fertilized with FD spermatozoa stored at RT for more than one year. Although the birth rate from three-month stored spermatozoa was lower than that from one-day stored spermatozoa, no further reduction was observed even in one-year stored spermatozoa. Therefore, FD spermatozoa preserved in this study were highly tolerant to warm temperatures. This method of storage shows a great potential for the preservation of genetic resources of mammalian species, such as genetically-modified mouse strains, without the use of electric power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kamada
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Sayaka Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Centre, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan.
| | - Ikue Shibasaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Daiyu Ito
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamimura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ooga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Wakayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan. .,Advanced Biotechnology Centre, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan.
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16
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Kaneko T. Reproductive technologies for the generation and maintenance of valuable animal strains. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:209-215. [PMID: 29657233 PMCID: PMC6021608 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of mutant and genetically engineered strains have been produced in various animal species. Their numbers have dramatically increased in recent years, with new strains being
rapidly produced using genome editing techniques. In the rat, it has been difficult to produce knockout and knock-in strains because the establishment of stem cells has been insufficient.
However, a large number of knockout and knock-in strains can currently be produced using genome editing techniques, including zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like
effector nuclease (TALEN), and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system. Microinjection technique has also
contributed widely to the production of various kinds of genome edited animal strains. A novel electroporation method, the “Technique for Animal Knockout system by Electroporation (TAKE)”
method, is a simple and highly efficient tool that has accelerated the production of new strains. Gamete preservation is extremely useful for maintaining large numbers of these valuable
strains as genetic resources in the long term. These reproductive technologies, including microinjection, TAKE method, and gamete preservation, strongly support biomedical research and the
bio-resource banking of animal models. In this review, we introduce the latest reproductive technologies used for the production of genetically engineered animals, especially rats, using
genome editing techniques and the efficient maintenance of valuable strains as genetic resources. These technologies can also be applied to other laboratory animals, including mice, and
domestic and wild animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8551, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8551, Japan.,Soft-Path Science and Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Iwate University, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
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17
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Domingo P, Olaciregui M, González N, De Blas I, Gil L. Long-term preservation of freeze-dried rabbit sperm by adding rosmarinic acid and different chelating agents. Cryobiology 2018; 81:174-177. [PMID: 29366763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-drying (FD) technique has been applied as an alternative technology to preserve gene resources to allow simple sperm preservation and shipment at 4 °C. Nevertheless, DNA sperm might be damaged by mechanical or oxidative stress throughout FD procedure. Therefore, suitable protection to maintain DNA integrity is required. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) as an antioxidant and two chelating agents (EGTA and EDTA) on the DNA integrity of freeze-dried rabbit sperm after storage of the samples at 4 °C and room temperature for 8 months. Rabbit sperm were freeze-dried in basic medium (10 mM Tris-HCl buffer and 50 mM NaCl) supplemented with 50 mM EGTA (1), 50 mM EGTA plus 105 μM RA (2), 50 mM EDTA (3) or 50 mM EDTA plus 105 μM RA (4). Semen samples were kept at 4 °C and room temperature during 8 months. After rehydration, DNA integrity was evaluated with Sperm Chromatin Dispersion test observing that DNA fragmentation was higher when semen samples were freeze-dried with EGTA (10.9%) than with EDTA (4.1%) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, RA acted better under adverse conditions and no significant differences were found in temperature storage. Summarizing, FD is a method that can allow simple gene resources preservation among 4 °C to 25 °C during 8 months and transportation without the need for liquid nitrogen or dry ice. EDTA chelating agent is the most suitable media for freeze-dried rabbit sperm and the addition of RA protects the DNA against the oxidative stress caused during FD procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Domingo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Maite Olaciregui
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Noelia González
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio De Blas
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Health Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lydia Gil
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Olaciregui M, Luño V, González N, Domingo P, de Blas I, Gil L. Chelating agents in combination with rosmarinic acid for boar sperm freeze-drying. Reprod Biol 2017; 17:193-198. [PMID: 28576621 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of DNA protective agents in the medium is necessary to maintain sperm functionality after freeze-drying procedure. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chelating agents, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA), in combination with rosmarinic acid (RA) on DNA integrity of freeze-dried boar sperm. We also examined the effect of these agents on the in vitro developmental ability of porcine oocytes following sperm injection (ICSI). Heterospermic mix, obtained from ejaculated sperm of three boars, was freeze-dried in two different chelating agents' media: 50mM EDTA or 50mM EGTA, and in these media supplemented with 105μM of rosmarinic acid. Frozen-thawed sperm was used as control. After rehydration, samples were subjected to DNA damage detection using Sperm Chromatin Dispersion test. ICSI was performed to verify the ability of freeze-dried sperm to participate in embryonic development. Five replicated trials were carried out for each group. In the presence of rosmarinic acid, the percentage of spermatozoa with DNA damage decreased significantly (p=0.010), without differences between the two chelating agents combination. EDTA solution preserves more efficiently DNA integrity of boar sperm than EGTA solution (p=0.002). There were no significant differences among the studied groups related to the blastocyst formation rate. Results suggested that the addition of rosmarinic acid to the medium improves sperm DNA integrity after freeze-drying, but does not promote fertilization and blastocyst development. We also observed a similar percentage of embryos production with freeze-dried and with frozen-thawed sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Olaciregui
- Reproduction and Obstetric Area, Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Victoria Luño
- Reproduction and Obstetric Area, Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Noelia González
- Reproduction and Obstetric Area, Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Domingo
- Reproduction and Obstetric Area, Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio de Blas
- Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Area, Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lydia Gil
- Reproduction and Obstetric Area, Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
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Wakayama S, Kamada Y, Yamanaka K, Kohda T, Suzuki H, Shimazu T, Tada MN, Osada I, Nagamatsu A, Kamimura S, Nagatomo H, Mizutani E, Ishino F, Yano S, Wakayama T. Healthy offspring from freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa held on the International Space Station for 9 months. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5988-5993. [PMID: 28533361 PMCID: PMC5468614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701425114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
If humans ever start to live permanently in space, assisted reproductive technology using preserved spermatozoa will be important for producing offspring; however, radiation on the International Space Station (ISS) is more than 100 times stronger than that on Earth, and irradiation causes DNA damage in cells and gametes. Here we examined the effect of space radiation on freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa held on the ISS for 9 mo at -95 °C, with launch and recovery at room temperature. DNA damage to the spermatozoa and male pronuclei was slightly increased, but the fertilization and birth rates were similar to those of controls. Next-generation sequencing showed only minor genomic differences between offspring derived from space-preserved spermatozoa and controls, and all offspring grew to adulthood and had normal fertility. Thus, we demonstrate that although space radiation can damage sperm DNA, it does not affect the production of viable offspring after at least 9 mo of storage on the ISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan;
| | - Yuko Kamada
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kaori Yamanaka
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohda
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Department of Science and Applications, Japan Space Forum, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan
| | - Toru Shimazu
- Department of Science and Applications, Japan Space Forum, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan
| | - Motoki N Tada
- Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ikuko Osada
- Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Aiko Nagamatsu
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamimura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagatomo
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Center of Community Promotion Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Eiji Mizutani
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ishino
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yano
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan;
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
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20
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In vitro developmental ability of ovine oocytes following intracytoplasmic injection with freeze-dried spermatozoa. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1096. [PMID: 28439073 PMCID: PMC5430622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze-drying (FD) is a new and alternative method to preserve spermatozoa in refrigeration or at room temperature. Suitable protection is required to maintain the sperm DNA integrity during the whole process and storage. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of rosmarinic acid and storage temperature on the DNA integrity of freeze-dried ram sperm. In addition, we evaluated the in vitro developmental ability to the blastocyst stage of oocytes injected with freeze-dried sperm. Ram sperm was freeze-dried in basic medium and in this medium supplemented with 105 µM rosmarinic acid. The vials were stored for 1 year at 4 °C and at room temperature. Frozen sperm was used as control. After rehydration, sperm DNA damage was evaluated, observing that the percentage of spermatozoa with DNA damage decreased significantly in the presence of rosmarinic acid, without differences between the two storage temperatures. Moreover, no differences were observed between the freeze-dried group and the frozen-thawed group in terms of blastocyst formation rate. We proved for the first time that ovine spermatozoa can be lyophilized effectively, stored at room temperature for long term, reconstituted and further injected into oocytes with initial embryo development.
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21
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Patrick J, Comizzoli P, Elliott G. Dry Preservation of Spermatozoa: Considerations for Different Species. Biopreserv Biobank 2017; 15:158-168. [PMID: 28398834 PMCID: PMC5397208 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2016.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current gold standard for sperm preservation is storage at cryogenic temperatures. Dry preservation is an attractive alternative, eliminating the need for ultralow temperatures, reducing storage maintenance costs, and providing logistical flexibility for shipping. Many seeds and anhydrobiotic organisms are able to survive extended periods in a dry state through the accumulation of intracellular sugars and other osmolytes and are capable of returning to normal physiology postrehydration. Using techniques inspired by nature's adaptations, attempts have been made to dehydrate and dry preserve spermatozoa from a variety of species. Most of the anhydrous preservation research performed to date has focused on mouse spermatozoa, with only a small number of studies in nonrodent mammalian species. There is a significant difference between sperm function in rodent and nonrodent mammalian species with respect to centrosomal inheritance. Studies focused on reproductive technologies have demonstrated that in nonrodent species, the centrosome must be preserved to maintain sperm function as the spermatozoon centrosome contributes the dominant nucleating seed, consisting of the proximal centriole surrounded by pericentriolar components, onto which the oocyte's centrosomal material is assembled. Preservation techniques used for mouse sperm may therefore not necessarily be applicable to nonrodent spermatozoa. The range of technologies used to dehydrate sperm and the effect of processing and storage conditions on fertilization and embryogenesis using dried sperm are reviewed in the context of reproductive physiology and cellular morphology in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Patrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gloria Elliott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
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22
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The effect of freeze-drying media and storage temperature on ultrastructure and DNA of freeze-dried buffalo bull spermatozoa. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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23
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Olaciregui M, Gil L. Freeze‐dried spermatozoa: A future tool? Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52 Suppl 2:248-254. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Olaciregui
- Obstetric and Reproduction Area Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - L Gil
- Obstetric and Reproduction Area Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
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Kaneko T. Sperm freeze-drying and micro-insemination for biobanking and maintenance of genetic diversity in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:RD15386. [PMID: 26922373 DOI: 10.1071/rd15386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breeding by natural mating is ideal for maintaining animal populations. However, the lack of breeding space resulting from an increased number of strains and the decline in fertility caused by inbreeding inhibits the reproduction of subsequent generations. Reproductive technologies, such as gamete preservation and artificial fertilisation, have been developed to overcome these problems. These approaches efficiently produce offspring of laboratory, domestic and wild animals, and can also be used to treat human infertility. Gamete preservation using sperm contributes to improvements in reproductive systems and enables the use of smaller breeding spaces. Although cryopreservation with liquid nitrogen has been used to preserve spermatozoa, freeze-drying without liquid nitrogen, a novel method, facilitates long-term storage of spermatozoa. This method has recently been applied to maintain animal strains. Micro-insemination techniques, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), are exceptional for improving assisted reproduction. ICSI can be used to fertilise oocytes, even with immotile and immature spermatozoa that are unsuitable for AI and IVF. Reproductive technologies provide a substantial advantage for biobanking and maintaining the genetic diversity of laboratory, domestic and wild animals. This review covers the latest method of sperm freeze-drying and micro-insemination, and future possibilities for maintaining animal strains and populations.
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Pukazhenthi BS. Saving wild ungulate diversity through enhanced management and sperm cryopreservation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:RD15412. [PMID: 27246462 DOI: 10.1071/rd15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild ungulates throughout the world face the impending risk of extinction. Small founding population size, lack of interest in exhibiting wild ungulates and declining space in zoos are not sustaining ex situ populations. Animals managed in ex situ collections continue to experience >20% neonate loss globally. To ensure population sustainability there is a critical need to: (1) manage ungulates in large herds, increasing mate choice and reproductive efficiency; (2) improve husbandry and genetic management; and (3) develop consistent assisted reproductive technologies, including sperm cryopreservation and AI. Recently, new models in the management of ungulates have begun to emerge. Animal managers and researchers are also beginning to exploit advances in genomics to improve genetic management of their collections. Furthermore, the past decade has witnessed significant advances particularly in semen collection and cryopreservation in numerous species. Advances in gonadal tissue cryopreservation now offer additional opportunities to preserve male genomes. The new knowledge generated is enabling the creation of genetic (sperm) banks to rescue and enhance reproductive management of wild ungulates. The present paper reviews the threats to ungulate populations, the status and relevance of animal management and biomaterial banking efforts to ensure long-term survival of these charismatic species.
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26
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Freeze-dried dog sperm: Dynamics of DNA integrity. Cryobiology 2015; 71:286-90. [PMID: 26247315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Freeze-drying (FD) has been proposed as an alternative method to preserve spermatozoa. During the FD procedure, sperm DNA might become damaged by both freezing and drying stresses caused by the endonucleases, the oxidative stress and the storage conditions. We examined the DNA integrity of dog sperm freeze-dried with two kinds of chelating agents in FD buffers and storage at two different temperatures. Ejaculated sperm from four dogs were suspended in basic medium (10 mM Tris-HCl buffer+50 mM NaCl) supplemented with 50 mM EGTA or with 50 mM EDTA and then freeze-dried. Sperm samples were stored at 4°C as room temperature, and the analysis of DNA damage was performed after a month and 5 months of storage using a Sperm Chromatin Dispersion test. We found four different sperm populations according to the size of the halos around the sperm head: (1) absent halo, (2) <6 μm, (3) 6-10 μm, (4) >10 μm. All of them coexisted in each freeze-dried dog semen samples and differed significantly among different treatments. The highest percentage of spermatozoa with halo >10 μm was obtained when the semen samples were freeze-dried in EDTA medium and stored at room temperature for five months. Results suggested that both, the kind of chelating agent as well as storage temperature and period, influenced DNA integrity of freeze-dried dog sperm.
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Abstract
Long-term preservation of mammalian sperm at suprazero temperatures is desired to save storage and space costs as well as to facilitate transport of preserved samples. This can be accomplished by the freeze-drying of sperm samples. Although freeze-drying results in immotile and membrane-compromised sperm, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can be used to introduce such an immotile sperm into an oocyte and thus start the fertilization process. So far, it has been shown that improved freeze-drying protocols preserve chromosomal integrity and oocyte-activating factor(s) at 4 °C for several years and at ambient temperature for approximately 1 month, which permits shipping freeze-dried samples at ambient temperature. This chapter concisely reviews freeze-drying of mammalian sperm first and then presents a simple freeze-drying protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Keskintepe
- School of Medicine, Sher Institute for Reproductive Medicine and University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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28
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Abstract
Freeze-drying spermatozoa is the ultimate method for the maintenance of animal strains, in that the gametes can be preserved for a long time in a refrigerator at 4 °C. Furthermore, it is possible to realize easy and safe transportation of spermatozoa at an ambient temperature that requires neither liquid nitrogen nor dry ice. Freeze-drying spermatozoa has been established as a new method for storing genetic resources instead of cryopreservation using liquid nitrogen. This chapter introduces our latest protocols for freeze-drying of mouse and rat spermatozoa, and the anticipated results of the fertilizing ability of these gametes following long-term preservation or transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan,
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29
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Kaneko T. Simple gamete preservation and artificial reproduction of mammals using micro-insemination techniques. Reprod Med Biol 2014; 14:99-105. [PMID: 29259407 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-014-0202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been applied in various procedures as an effective breeding method in experimental, domestic, and wild animals, and for the treatment of human infertility. Micro-insemination techniques such as intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa and spermatids are now routinely used ART tools. With these techniques, even immotile and immature sperm cells can be employed as donors for producing the next generation. Gamete preservation, another ART tool, has contributed to reproductive regulation, worldwide transportation, and disease protection of animal strains, and the preserved gametes have been effectively used for the production of offspring. ART is now an indispensable tool in mammalian reproduction. This review covers the latest ART tools, with a particular emphasis on micro-insemination and gamete preservation, and discusses the future direction of mammalian artificial reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto Japan
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30
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Abstract
A plethora of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have come into routine use over the past half century. Some of these procedures were used much earlier experimentally. For example, Spallanzani performed artificial insemination in the dog in the late 1700s, and Heape did successful embryo transfer in the rabbit in 1890. Truly revolutionary tools and concepts important for ART occur at approximately half-decade intervals, for example, recombinant DNA procedures, transgenic technology, somatic cell nuclear transplantation, the polymerase chain reaction, and microRNAs. Similarly, obvious technologies sometimes take decades to come into practical use, such as sexing sperm and in vitro fertilization. I have categorized ARTs into five somewhat arbitrary categories in terms of perceived difficulty and feasibility: (a) when the seemingly possible turns out to be (essentially) impossible, e.g., homozygous, uniparental females; (b) when the seemingly impossible becomes possible, e.g., cryopreservation of embryos and transgenesis; (c) when the seemingly difficult turns out to be relatively easy, e.g., cryopreservation of sperm; (d) when the seemingly easy turns out to be difficult in key species, e.g., in vitro fertilization; and (e) when the seemingly difficult remains difficult, e.g., making true embryonic stem cells. The adage that "it is easy when you know how" applies repeatedly. The boundaries between what appears impossible/possible and difficult/easy change constantly owing to new tools and insights, one of the more important lessons learned. ARTs frequently are synergistic with each other. For example, somatic cell nuclear transplantation has made many kinds of experiments feasible that otherwise were impractical. Another example is that sexing sperm is useless for application without artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. ARTs frequently are perceived as neat tricks and stimulate further thinking. This is useful for both teaching and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Seidel
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1683;
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31
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Kaneko T, Ito H, Sakamoto H, Onuma M, Inoue-Murayama M. Sperm preservation by freeze-drying for the conservation of wild animals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113381. [PMID: 25409172 PMCID: PMC4237436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm preservation is a useful technique for the maintenance of biological resources in experimental and domestic animals, and in wild animals. A new preservation method has been developed that enables sperm to be stored for a long time in a refrigerator at 4 °C. Sperm are freeze-dried in a solution containing 10 mM Tris and 1 mM EDTA. Using this method, liquid nitrogen is not required for the storage and transportation of sperm. We demonstrate that chimpanzee, giraffe, jaguar, weasel and the long-haired rat sperm remain viable after freeze-drying. In all species, pronuclei were formed after the injection of freeze-dried sperm into the mouse oocytes. Although preliminary, these results may be useful for the future establishment of "freeze-drying zoo" to conserve wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hideyuki Ito
- Kyoto City Zoo, Kyoto, Japan
- Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidefusa Sakamoto
- Kyoto City Zoo, Kyoto, Japan
- Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Onuma
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miho Inoue-Murayama
- Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
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32
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Gil L, Olaciregui M, Luño V, Malo C, González N, Martínez F. Current Status of Freeze-Drying Technology to Preserve Domestic Animals Sperm. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49 Suppl 4:72-81. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Gil
- Obstetric and Reproduction Area; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - M Olaciregui
- Obstetric and Reproduction Area; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - V Luño
- Obstetric and Reproduction Area; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - C Malo
- Obstetric and Reproduction Area; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - N González
- Obstetric and Reproduction Area; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - F Martínez
- Obstetric and Reproduction Area; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
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33
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Loi P, Iuso D, Czernik M, Zacchini F, Ptak G. Towards storage of cells and gametes in dry form. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:688-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Soejima K, Shimoda K, Kashimura T, Yamaki T, Kono T, Sakurai H, Nakazawa H. Wound dressing material containing lyophilized allogeneic cultured cells. Cryobiology 2013; 66:210-4. [PMID: 23415999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although topical application of a single growth factor is known to accelerate wound healing, treatment with allogeneic cultured cells is more efficient and physiological, because they release various mediators that interact and regulate the wound healing mechanism. However, in clinics, the cells must be cryopreserved until use. To overcome this inconvenience, we designed novel wound dressing materials containing lyophilized allogeneic cultured epithelial cells and/or fibroblasts. This study aimed to confirm growth factor release from those lyophilized products. The results revealed that the cultured cells retained their morphology even after lyophilization and released growth factors. When fibroblasts were used alone, they released growth factors in significantly higher concentrations after lyophilization than after cryopreservation. In particular, bFGF release was almost a hundredfold higher in the lyophilized group compared to the cryopreserved group. When epithelial cells and fibroblasts were co-cultured, both bFGF and VEGF were released in higher concentrations by the cryopreserved dressing material than by the lyophilized dressing material. The growth factors' release was probably regulated by interaction between epithelial cells and fibroblasts. We speculate that repeated application may be necessary for treating difficult wounds with the lyophilized product, because the lyophilized cells release the mediators in a single, transient burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Soejima
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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