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Guo J, Bao G, Zhang X, Pan X, Zhao H, Fan C, Li G. Artemisinin and Ambrosia trifida extract aggravate the effects of short freeze-thaw stress in winter rye ( Secale cereale) seedlings. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:497-506. [PMID: 37105725 DOI: 10.1071/fp22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The freeze-thaw and allelopathy from alien giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) and artemisinin have led to a serious stress to plants, influencing the agricultural quality and crop yield in north-east China. Yet, little is known how allelopathy affect plants under the freeze-thaw process. In this study, the characteristics in winter rye (Secale cereale L.) seedlings were investigated by laboratory simulation. The results showed that during the freezing process, application of artemisinin and A. trifida extract significantly increased the soluble protein content and accelerated lipid peroxidation, while they significantly inhibited antioxidant enzymes, photosynthesis and respiration (P <0.05). During the thawing process, the freezing pressure decreased, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly improved to mitigate artemisinin and A. trifida extract induced stress (P <0.05). In addition, the sensitivity of the investigated metabolic processes in winter rye seedlings were highest to artemisinin and A. trifida extract in the freezing process. This study suggested that the stress response induced by artemisinin and A. trifida extract on winter rye seedlings in the freezing process was greater than that in the thawing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University); Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guozhang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University); Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University); Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- The Administration of Jingyu Water Conservation, Jingyu 135200, China
| | - Cunxin Fan
- The Administration of Jingyu Water Conservation, Jingyu 135200, China
| | - Guomei Li
- Yushu Forestry and Grassland Comprehensive Service Center, Yushu 815000, China
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2
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Yin B, Li J, Zhang Q, Wu N, Zhang J, Rong X, Tao Y, Zang Y, Li Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Freeze-thaw cycles change the physiological sensitivity of Syntrichia caninervis to snow cover. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153528. [PMID: 34563792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spring, especially the freeze-thaw season, is considered the key period for the growth and carbon sequestration of desert mosses. It is not clear how the change in environment water and temperature affects the physiological characteristics of desert mosses in freeze-thaw season. In this study, the effects of water and freeze-thaw cycles on the physiological characteristics of Syntrichia caninervis were assessed by manipulating the increase or removal of 65% snow and changes in the freeze-thaw cycles. The results showed that the changes in snow depth, freeze-thaw cycles, and their interaction significantly affected the plant water content, osmoregulatory substances content, antioxidant substance, and antioxidant enzyme activities. The contents of free proline, soluble sugar, ascorbic acid (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly with the decrease in snow depth and freeze-thaw cycles. POD and free proline were the most sensitive to the snow depth and freeze-thaw cycles, while SOD and CAT were the least sensitive. Therefore, compared with the increase in freeze-thaw cycles, the reduction in freeze-thaw cycles weakened the physiological sensitivity of S. caninervis to snow depth changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benfeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830064, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China; Geography Science College, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi Province, 041000, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Coastal Hydrological Processes and Environmental Security, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoying Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China
| | - Yongxin Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China.
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China.
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Gutt J, Isla E, Xavier JC, Adams BJ, Ahn IY, Cheng CHC, Colesie C, Cummings VJ, di Prisco G, Griffiths H, Hawes I, Hogg I, McIntyre T, Meiners KM, Pearce DA, Peck L, Piepenburg D, Reisinger RR, Saba GK, Schloss IR, Signori CN, Smith CR, Vacchi M, Verde C, Wall DH. Antarctic ecosystems in transition - life between stresses and opportunities. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:798-821. [PMID: 33354897 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 international experts. Ten key messages emerged that have stakeholder-relevance and/or a high impact for the scientific community. They address (i) altered biogeochemical cycles, (ii) ocean acidification, (iii) climate change hotspots, (iv) unexpected dynamism in seabed-dwelling populations, (v) spatial range shifts, (vi) adaptation and thermal resilience, (vii) sea ice related biological fluctuations, (viii) pollution, (ix) endangered terrestrial endemism and (x) the discovery of unknown habitats. Most Antarctic biotas are exposed to multiple stresses and considered vulnerable to environmental change due to narrow tolerance ranges, rapid change, projected circumpolar impacts, low potential for timely genetic adaptation, and migration barriers. Important ecosystem functions, such as primary production and energy transfer between trophic levels, have already changed, and biodiversity patterns have shifted. A confidence assessment of the degree of 'scientific understanding' revealed an intermediate level for most of the more detailed sub-messages, indicating that process-oriented research has been successful in the past decade. Additional efforts are necessary, however, to achieve the level of robustness in scientific knowledge that is required to inform protection measures of the unique Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and their contributions to global biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gutt
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstr., Bremerhaven, 27568, Germany
| | - Enrique Isla
- Institute of Marine Sciences-CSIC, Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - José C Xavier
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra, Portugal.,British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, U.K
| | - Byron J Adams
- Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, U.S.A
| | - In-Young Ahn
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - C-H Christina Cheng
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - Claudia Colesie
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, U.K
| | - Vonda J Cummings
- National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Research Ltd (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Guido di Prisco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples, I-80131, Italy
| | - Huw Griffiths
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, U.K
| | - Ian Hawes
- Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, 58 Cross Road, Tauranga, 3100, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hogg
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Canadian High Antarctic Research Station, Polar Knowledge Canada, PO Box 2150, Cambridge Bay, NU, X0B 0C0, Canada
| | - Trevor McIntyre
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Klaus M Meiners
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, and Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS, 7004, Australia
| | - David A Pearce
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, U.K.,Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Northumberland Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Lloyd Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, U.K
| | - Dieter Piepenburg
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstr., Bremerhaven, 27568, Germany
| | - Ryan R Reisinger
- Centre d'Etudes Biologique de Chizé, UMR 7372 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - Grace K Saba
- Center for Ocean Observing Leadership, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, U.S.A
| | - Irene R Schloss
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, Bernardo Houssay 200, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, CP V9410CAB, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, CP V9410CAB, Argentina
| | - Camila N Signori
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, CEP: 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Craig R Smith
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, U.S.A
| | - Marino Vacchi
- Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability of the Marine Environment (IAS), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via de Marini 6, Genoa, 16149, Italy
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples, I-80131, Italy
| | - Diana H Wall
- Department of Biology and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A
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Cyanobacteria and Algae in Clouds and Rain in the Area of puy de Dôme, Central France. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:AEM.01850-20. [PMID: 33097513 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01850-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The atmosphere contains diverse living microbes, of which the heterotrophic community has been the best studied. Microbes with other trophic modes, such as photoautotrophy, have received much less attention. In this study, culture-independent and dependent methods were used to examine the presence and diversity of oxygenic photoautotrophic microbes in clouds and rain collected at or around puy de Dôme Mountain, central France. Cloud water was collected from the summit of puy de Dôme (1,465 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) for cultivation and metagenomic analysis. Cyanobacteria, diatoms, green algae, and other oxygenic photoautotrophs were found to be recurrent members of clouds, while green algae affiliated with the Chlorellaceae were successfully cultured from three different clouds. Additionally, rain samples were collected below the mountain from Opme meteorological station (680 m a.s.l.). The abundance of chlorophyll a-containing cells and the diversity of cyanobacteria and green algae in rain were assessed by flow cytometry and amplicon sequencing. The corresponding downward flux of chlorophyll a-containing organisms to the ground, entering surface ecosystems with rain, varied with time and was estimated to be between ∼1 and >300 cells cm-2 day-1 during the sampling period. Besides abundant pollen from Pinales and Rosales, cyanobacteria of the Chroococcidiopsidales and green algae of the Trebouxiales were dominant in rain samples. Certain members of these taxa are known to be ubiquitous and stress tolerant and could use the atmosphere for dispersal. Overall, our results indicate that the atmosphere carries diverse, viable oxygenic photoautotrophic microbes and acts as a dispersal vector for this microbial guild.IMPORTANCE Information regarding the diversity and abundance of oxygenic photoautotrophs in the atmosphere is limited. More information from diverse locations is needed. These airborne organisms could have important impacts upon atmospheric processes and on the ecosystems they enter after deposition. Oxygenic photoautotrophic microbes are integral to ecosystem functioning, and some have the potential to affect human health. A better understanding of the diversity and the movements of these aeolian dispersed organisms is needed to understand their ecology, as well as how they could affect ecosystems and human health.
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Oh SH, Chang YK, Lee JH. Identification of significant proxy variable for the physiological status affecting salt stress-induced lipid accumulation in Chlorella sorokiniana HS1. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:242. [PMID: 31632454 PMCID: PMC6790037 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current efforts on the optimization of the two-stage cultivation using stress-induced lipid accumulation have mostly focused only on the lipid induction stage. Although recent studies have shown that stress-induced lipid accumulation is affected by the physiological status of the cells harvested at the preceding cultivation stage, this issue has hardly been examined hitherto. Such a study needs to be carried out in a systematic way in order to induce lipid accumulation in a consistent and predictable manner with regard for variances seen at the cultivation stage. RESULTS After a photoautotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana HS1 in a modified BG11, harvested cells were re-suspended in the fresh medium, and then NaCl was added as the sole stress inducer with light illumination to induce additional accumulation of lipid. Effects of culture temperature on the lipid accumulation were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. From the microscopic observation, we had observed a definite increase in lipid body induced by the stress since the cell entered a stationary phase. A multiple linear regression model was developed so as to identify significant parameters to be included for the estimation of lipid induction. As a result, several key parameters at the end of cultivation, such as cell weight, total lipid content, chlorophyll a in a cell, and Fv/Fm, were identified as the important proxy variables for the cell's physiological status, and the modeling accuracy was achieved by 87.6%. In particular, the variables related to Fv/Fm were shown to have the largest influence, accounting for 65.7% of the total variance, and the Fv/Fm had an optimal point of maximum induction at below its average. Clustering analysis using the K-means algorithm indicated that the algae which are 0.15 pg cell-1 or less in chlorophyll concentration, regardless of other conditions, had achieved high induction results. CONCLUSION Experimental results showed that it usually achieves high lipid induction after the cells naturally end their division and begin to synthesize lipid. The amount of lipid induction could be estimated by the selected proxy variables, and the estimation method can be adapted according to practical situations such as those with limited measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
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Temperature effects on photosynthetic performance of Antarctic lichen Dermatocarpon polyphyllizum: a chlorophyll fluorescence study. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Post rapid freezing growth of Antarctic strain of Heterococcus sp. monitored by cell viability and chlorophyll fluorescence. Cryobiology 2018; 85:39-46. [PMID: 30292810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The soil microalgae of the genus Heterococcus are found in cold environments and have been reported for the terrestrial ecosystems of several Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Islands. This study focused on resistance of Heterococcus sp. to sub-zero temperature. Heterococcus sp. was isolated from soil samples from James Ross Island, Antarctica. Culture of Heterococcus sp. grown in liquid medium were used to study ribitol effects at sub-zero temperatures on the species resistance to rapid freezing (RF, immersion of a sample into liquid nitrogen) and consequent cultivation on agar. Before the experiment, Heterococcus sp. was cultured in liquid medium for 11 months and then treated in ribitol concentrations of 32 or 50 mM for 2 h. Then, 1 ml samples were frozen to -196 °C in liquid nitrogen (day 0) and inoculated on BBM agar after thawing. Number of living and dead cells was evaluated and the cell viability (Pν) was calculated repeatedly using the optical microscopy approach. The addition of ribitol caused a noticable increase in Pν on days 9, 12, 14 (with a Pν of 25-45% in ribitol-treated samples compared to 10% in the untreated control). In the following period (d 16-19), the positive effect of ribitol on Pν was less pronounced but still statistically significant. To evaluate the negative effects of RF on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the potential yield of photochemical reactions in PS II (FV/FM), and the effective quantum yield of photochemical reactions in PS II (ФPSII) were measured immediately before and after RF. Consequently, FV/FM and ФPSII of agar inoculates were measured repeatedly for 30 d cultivation in 3 d interval. Both the 32 and the 50 mM addition of ribitol caused earlier detection of the parameters (d 16) compared to the control measurements (d 23) as well as reaching the maximum values of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters earlier (d 23 in ribitol-treated samples compared to d 25 in control samples). Heterococcus sp. proved to be a species resistant to rapid freezing. The ability may help the species to survive in harsh Antarctic environments typified by rapid fluctuations in temperature that may bring a rapid freezing of the alga.
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Solhaug KA, Chowdhury DP, Gauslaa Y. Short- and long-term freezing effects in a coastal (Lobaria virens) versus a widespread lichen (L. pulmonaria). Cryobiology 2018; 82:124-129. [PMID: 29571630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are considered freezing tolerant, although few species have been tested. Growth, a robust measure of fitness integrating processes in all partners of a lichen thallus, has not yet been used as a viability measure after freezing. We compared relative growth rates (RGR) after freezing with short-term viability measures of photo- and mycobiont functions in the coastal Lobaria virens and the widespread L. pulmonaria to test the hypothesis that low temperature shapes the coastal distribution of L. virens. Hydrated thalli from sympatric populations were subjected to freezing at -10, -20 and -40 °C for 5 h. The rate of cooling and subsequent warming was 5 °C h-1. Short-term viability measures of photobiont (maximal photosystem II efficiency, effective PSII yield) and mycobiont viability (conductivity index), as well as subsequent RGR, were assessed. The exotherms showed that L. virens froze at -3 °C; L. pulmonaria, at -4 °C. Freezing significantly impaired short-term viability measures of both photo- and mycobiont, particularly in the coastal species. Lobaria pulmonaria grew 2.1 times faster than L. virens, but the short-term damage after one freezing event did not affect the long-term RGR in any species. Thereby, short-term responses were impaired by freezing, long-term responses were not. While the lacking RGR-responses to freezing suggest that freezing tolerance does not shape the coastal distribution of L. virens, the significant reported adverse short-term effects in L. virens may be aggravated by repeated freezing-thawing cycles in cold winters. In such a perspective, repeated freezing may eventually lead to reduced long-term fitness in L. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dipa Paul Chowdhury
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yngvar Gauslaa
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Tanner K, Martí JM, Belliure J, Fernández-Méndez M, Molina-Menor E, Peretó J, Porcar M. Polar solar panels: Arctic and Antarctic microbiomes display similar taxonomic profiles. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:75-79. [PMID: 29194980 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Solar panels located on high (Arctic and Antarctic) latitudes combine the harshness of the climate with that of the solar exposure. We report here that these polar solar panels are inhabited by similar microbial communities in taxonomic terms, dominated by Hymenobacter spp., Sphingomonas spp. and Ascomycota. Our results suggest that solar panels, even on high latitudes, can shape a microbial ecosystem adapted to irradiation and desiccation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Tanner
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Martí
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josabel Belliure
- Ecology Section, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esther Molina-Menor
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juli Peretó
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Spain
- Darwin Bioprospecting Excellence SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Porcar
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Darwin Bioprospecting Excellence SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Hájek J, Barták M, Hazdrová J, Forbelská M. Sensitivity of photosynthetic processes to freezing temperature in extremophilic lichens evaluated by linear cooling and chlorophyll fluorescence. Cryobiology 2016; 73:329-334. [PMID: 27729220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Extremophilic lichens and their photosynthesizing photobionts from the cold regions of Earth are adapted to perform photosynthesis at subzero temperatures. To evaluate interspecific differences in the critical temperature for primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis, we exposed lichen thalli of Usnea antarctica, Usnea aurantiaco-atra, and Umbilicaria cylindrica to linear cooling from +20 to -50 °C at a constant rate of 2 °C min-1. Simultaneously, two chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FV/FM - potential yield of photosynthetic processes in photosystem II, ΦPSII - effective quantum yield of PS II) evaluating a gradual subzero temperature-induced decline in photosynthetic processes were measured by a modulated fluorometer. For the studied species, the response of FV/FM and ΦPSII to declining temperature showed an S-curve shape. The decline in FV/FM and ΦPSII at low temperatures started at -5 and +5 °C, respectively in the majority of cases. The decline was, however, species-specific. U. aurantiaco-atra showed a constant-rate decline of ΦPSII from the physiological temperature 20 °C. U. antarctica exhibited the first sign of FV/FM decline at -12 °C. The critical temperature related to full inhibition of the photosynthetic processes in PSII (FV/FM), was found at -20 °C. However, this occurred at -30 °C for U. cylindrica. In an individual sample, the critical temperature for FV/FM was typically lower than for ΦPSII. The method of linear cooling combined with simultaneous measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters proved to be an efficient tool in the estimation of extremophilic species sensitivity/resistance to freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Hájek
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Section of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Miloš Barták
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Section of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hazdrová
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Section of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Forbelská
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czechia
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Brandt A, Posthoff E, de Vera JP, Onofri S, Ott S. Characterisation of Growth and Ultrastructural Effects of the Xanthoria elegans Photobiont After 1.5 Years of Space Exposure on the International Space Station. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2016; 46:311-21. [PMID: 26526425 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-015-9470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The lichen Xanthoria elegans has been exposed to space and simulated Mars-analogue environment in the Lichen and Fungi Experiment (LIFE) on the EXPOSE-E facility at the International Space Station (ISS). This long-term exposure of 559 days tested the ability of various organisms to cope with either low earth orbit (LEO) or Mars-analogue conditions, such as vacuum, Mars-analogue atmosphere, rapid temperature cycling, cosmic radiation of up to 215 ± 16 mGy, and insolation of accumulated doses up to 4.87 GJm(-2), including up to 0.314 GJm(-2) of UV irradiation. In a previous study, X. elegans demonstrated considerable resistance towards these conditions by means of photosynthetic activity as well as by post-exposure metabolic activity of 50-80% in the algal and 60-90% in the fungal symbiont (Brandt et al. Int J Astrobiol 14(3):411-425, 2015). The two objectives of the present study were complementary: First, to verify the high post-exposure viability by using a qualitative cultivation assay. Second, to characterise the cellular damages by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which were caused by the space and Mars-analogue exposure conditions of LIFE. Since the algal symbiont of lichens is considered as the more susceptible partner (de Vera and Ott 2010), the analyses focused on the photobiont. The study demonstrated growth and proliferation of the isolated photobiont after all exposure conditions of LIFE. The ultrastructural analysis of the algal cells provided an insight to cellular damages caused by long-term exposure and highlighted that desiccation-induced breakdown of cellular integrity is more pronounced under the more severe space vacuum than under Mars-analogue atmospheric conditions. In conclusion, desiccation-induced damages were identified as a major threat to the photobiont of X. elegans. Nonetheless, a fraction of the photobiont cells remained cultivable after all exposure conditions tested in LIFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Brandt
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine-University (HHU), Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Posthoff
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine-University (HHU), Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre de Vera
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstr. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvano Onofri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sieglinde Ott
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine-University (HHU), Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Ryu BG, Kim J, Farooq W, Han JI, Yang JW, Kim W. Algal-bacterial process for the simultaneous detoxification of thiocyanate-containing wastewater and maximized lipid production under photoautotrophic/photoheterotrophic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 162:70-79. [PMID: 24747384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a cooperative algal-bacterial system that efficiently degrades thiocyanate (SCN(-)), a toxic contaminant, and exhibits high lipid productivity, was developed. A consortium of mixed bacteria (activated sludge) and microalgae was sequentially cultivated under photoautotrophic and photoheterotrophic modes. The hydrolysis of SCN(-) to ammonium (NH4(+))-nitrogen and subsequent nitrification steps were performed by the initial activated sludge under lithoautotrophic conditions. The NH4(+) and oxidized forms of nitrogen, nitrite (NO2(-)) and nitrate (NO3(-)), were then assimilated and removed by the microalgal cells when light was supplied. After the degradation of SCN(-), the cultivation mode was changed to photoheterotrophic conditions in a sequential manner. Algal-bacterial cultures containing Chlorella protothecoides and Ettlia sp. yielded significantly increased lipid productivity under photoheterotrophic conditions compared to photoautotrophic conditions (28.7- and 17.3-fold higher, respectively). Statistical methodologies were also used to investigate the effects of volatile fatty acids and yeast extract on biomass and lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gon Ryu
- Environmental and Energy Program, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Center for Water Resources Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Wasif Farooq
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Ryu BG, Kim J, Yoo G, Lim JT, Kim W, Han JI, Yang JW. Microalgae-mediated simultaneous treatment of toxic thiocyanate and production of biodiesel. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 158:166-173. [PMID: 24603489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a method for simultaneously degrading the toxic pollutant, thiocyanate, and producing microalgal lipids using mixed microbial communities was developed. Aerobic activated sludge was used as the seed culture and thiocyanate was used as the sole nitrogen source. Two cultivation methods were sequentially employed: a lithoautotrophic mode and a photoautotrophic mode. Thiocyanate hydrolysis and a nitrification was found to occur under the first (lithoautotrophic) condition, while the oxidized forms of nitrogen were assimilated by the photoautotrophic consortium and lipids were produced under the second condition. The final culture exhibited good settling efficiency (∼ 70% settling over 10 min), which can benefit downstream processing. The highest CO2 fixation rate and lipid productivity were observed with 2.5% and 5% CO2, respectively. The proposed integrated algal-bacterial system appears to be a feasible and even beneficial option for thiocyanate treatment and production of microbial lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gon Ryu
- Environmental and Energy Program, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gursong Yoo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Taek Lim
- Corporate Technology Division, POSCO, 892 Daechi 4-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-777, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Liu BR, Huang YW, Lee HJ. Mechanistic studies of intracellular delivery of proteins by cell-penetrating peptides in cyanobacteria. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:57. [PMID: 23497160 PMCID: PMC3637573 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The plasma membrane plays an essential role in selective permeability, compartmentalization, osmotic balance, and cellular uptake. The characteristics and functions of cyanobacterial membranes have been extensively investigated in recent years. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are special nanocarriers that can overcome the plasma membrane barrier and enter cells directly, either alone or with associated cargoes. However, the cellular entry mechanisms of CPPs in cyanobacteria have not been studied. Results In the present study, we determine CPP-mediated transduction efficiency and internalization mechanisms in cyanobacteria using a combination of biological and biophysical methods. We demonstrate that both Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 strains of cyanobacteria possess red autofluorescence. Green fluorescent protein (GFP), either alone or noncovalently associated with a CPP comprised of nine arginine residues (R9/GFP complexes), entered cyanobacteria. The ATP-depleting inhibitor of classical endocytosis, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), could block the spontaneous internalization of GFP, but not the transduction of R9/GFP complexes. Three specific inhibitors of macropinocytosis, cytochalasin D (CytD), 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA), and wortmannin, reduced the efficiency of R9/GFP complex transduction, indicating that entry of R9/GFP complexes involves macropinocytosis. Both the 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) and membrane leakage analyses confirmed that R9/GFP complexes were not toxic to the cyanobacteria, nor were the endocytic and macropinocytic inhibitors used in these studies. Conclusions In summary, we have demonstrated that cyanobacteria use classical endocytosis and macropinocytosis to internalize exogenous GFP and CPP/GFP proteins, respectively. Moreover, the CPP-mediated delivery system is not toxic to cyanobacteria, and can be used to investigate biological processes at the cellular level in this species. These results suggest that both endocytic and macropinocytic pathways can be used for efficient internalization of regular protein and CPP-mediated protein delivery in cyanobacteria, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty R Liu
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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