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Nakagawa Y, Kaneko T. Improvement of survivability and developmental ability in vitrified rat oocytes. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104882. [PMID: 38452847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Oocyte cryopreservation is useful for human fertility treatment and strain preservation in both experimental and domestic animals. However, the embryonic development of vitrified rat oocytes was lower than that of vitrified embryos. To increase the viability of vitrified oocytes, intracellular ice formation during cooling and warming must be prevented. Rapid warming is important to prevent ice formation. Furthermore, suppressing the spontaneous activation of oocytes is also important because vitrification promotes the spontaneous activation of rat oocytes, and thus compromise developmental competence of the gametes. MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, suppresses the spontaneous activation of rat oocytes. Here, we examined the effects of rapid warming and MG132 treatment on the survival and embryonic development of vitrified rat oocytes. The warming rate was adjusted by changing the vitrification solution volume and warming solution temperature. The survival rate of oocytes vitrified in 10 μL solution and warmed at 50 °C (94%) was significantly higher than that of oocytes vitrified in 100 μL and 10 μL solution and warmed at 37 °C (49% and 81%, respectively). Furthermore, the rate of embryonic development of vitrified oocytes treated with MG132 during vitrification, warming, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (44%) was significantly higher than that of untreated gametes (10%). Offspring were obtained after transferring embryos derived from MG132-treated vitrified oocytes (14%). Altogether, the survivability of vitrified rat oocytes increased by rapid warming, and MG132 improved embryonic development after ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan; Division of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
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2
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Huang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang M, Chen Y, Zhou R, Lin D, Guo X. Effect of repeated vitrification of human embryos on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:51. [PMID: 38402194 PMCID: PMC10893706 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated cryopreservation of embryos should occasionally be considered when embryos were not suitable for transfer. The effect of re-cryopreservation on embryos remains contentious. METHODS This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of twice vitrificated blastocyst derived from once vitrified embryos. Total 410 vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles were divided into two groups according to the times of embryo vitrification: (1) vitrified blastocysts derived from fresh blastocysts (control group, n = 337); (2) twice vitrified blastocysts derived from once vitrified embryos (n = 73). The primary outcome was live birth rate. Multivariable logistic or linear regression analysis model was performed to describe the association between embryo cryopreservation times and clinical outcomes. RESULTS No difference was observed in female age at retrieval and transfer, infertility period, body mass index (BMI), infertility type, endometrial thickness, and embryo transfer numbers between the two groups. The pregnancy outcomes of embryos in repeated cryopreservation group were comparable to those of embryos in control group, including implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the cryopreservation times did not affect the outcomes of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth. Moreover, there was no difference in gestational age, birthweight and sex ratio of singleton newborns between groups. After correcting several possible confounding variables, no significant association was observed between cryopreservation times and neonatal birthweight. CONCLUSION In conclusion, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes achieved with twice vitrified blastocyst transfer were comparable to those achieved with vitrified blastocyst transfer in control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Dewei Lin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kamoshita M, Sugita H, Kageyama A, Kawata Y, Ito J, Kashiwazaki N. Recent advances of oocyte/embryo vitrification in mammals from rodents and large animals. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13931. [PMID: 38400795 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Vitrification is a valuable technology that enables semipermanent preservation and long-distance or international transportation of genetically modified and native animals. In laboratory mice, vitrification maintains and transports embryos, and many institutions and companies sell vitrified embryos. In contrast, despite numerous papers reporting on vitrification in livestock over the past decade, practical implementation has yet to be achieved. However, with advances in genome editing technology, it is anticipated that the number of genetically modified domestic animals will increase, leading to a rise in demand for vitrification of oocytes and embryos. Here, we provide an objective overview of recent advancements in vitrification technology for livestock, drawing a comparison with the current developments in laboratory animals. Additionally, we explore the future prospects for vitrification in livestock, focusing on its potential benefits and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kamoshita
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hibiki Sugita
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kageyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yui Kawata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Naomi Kashiwazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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4
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Seki S, Kawabe T, Yamazaki W, Matsumura K, Oikawa T, Obata T, Higashiya M, Yano M, Eto T. Cryopreservation of rat embryos at all developmental stages by small-volume vitrification procedure and rapid warming in cryotubes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20903. [PMID: 38017006 PMCID: PMC10684866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular ice formation during cryopreservation is lethal to the cell, including during warming. Here, we examined the effect of sample volume and warming rate on the cryopreservation success of 1-cell rat embryos based on successful development into blastocysts in vitro and to term in vivo following embryo transfer. Embryos were equilibrated in 5% propylene glycol solution for 10 min, held for 40 s at 0 °C in cryopreservation solution (5%PG + PEPeS), and cooled by immersion in liquid nitrogen. When 1-cell embryos were cryopreserved in a volume of 30-100 μL at a cooling rate of 5830-7160 °C/min and warmed at 35,480-49,400 °C/min by adding 1 mL of 0.3 M sucrose solution at 50 °C, 17.3-28.8% developed into blastocysts, compared with 57.0% of untreated embryos. However, when 1-cell embryos were cryopreserved in a smaller volume of 15 μl at 7950 °C/min and warmed at 68,850 °C/min, 58.8 ± 10.6% developed into blastocysts and 50.0 ± 7.4% developed to term, comparable to that of non-treated embryos (57.0 ± 5.4% and 51.4 ± 3.1%, respectively). Cryopreserved embryos at other developmental stages also showed high in vitro culture potential similar to that of the control. Using a conventional cryotube and a small-volume vitrification procedure with rapid warming, we achieved high levels of subsequent rat embryonic development at all developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Seki
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Kawabe
- ARK Resource Co., Ltd., 456 Osozu, Misato-machi, Shimomashiki-gun, Kumamoto, 861-4401, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamazaki
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahi-dai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Takanori Oikawa
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takahiro Obata
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Misako Higashiya
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Megumi Yano
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Tomoo Eto
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan.
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Yan G, Yao Y, Yang W, Lu L, Wang L, Zhao D, Zhao S. An all-37 °C thawing method improves the clinical outcomes of vitrified frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a retrospective study using a case-control matching analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:1991-1999. [PMID: 37041370 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of different temperatures and incubation times on the clinical outcomes of FET cycles during the thawing procedure and to select a better thawing method to improve clinical outcomes. METHODS This retrospective study included 1734 FET cycles from January 1, 2020, to January 30, 2022. Embryos vitrified using a KITAZATO Vitrification Kit were thawed at 37 °C in all steps (the case group, denoted the "all-37 °C" group) or at 37 °C and then at room temperature (RT; the control group, denoted the "37 °C-RT" group), according to the kit instructions. The groups were matched 1:1 to avoid confounding. RESULTS After case-control matching, 366 all-37 °C cycles and 366 37 °C-RT cycles were included. The baseline characteristics were similar (all P > 0.05) between the two groups after matching. FET of the all-37 °C group yielded a higher clinical pregnancy rate (CPR; P = 0.009) and implantation rate (IR; P = 0.019) than FET of the 37 °C-RT group. For blastocyst transfers, the CPR (P = 0.019) and IR (P = 0.025) were significantly higher in the all-37 °C group than in the 37 °C-RT group. For D3-embryo transfers, the CPR and IR were non-significantly higher in the all-37 °C group than in the 37 °C-RT group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thawing vitrified embryos at 37 °C in all steps with shortening wash time can enhance CPR and IR in FET cycles. Well-designed prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of the all-37 °C thawing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Yan
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Youlin Yao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Longda Wang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Wake Y, Endo M, Tsunoda S, Tawara H, Abe H, Nakagawa Y, Kaneko T. Successful induction of pseudopregnancy using sonic vibration in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3604. [PMID: 36869082 PMCID: PMC9984469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo transfer (ET) is an essential reproductive technology for the production of new animal strains and maintenance of genetic resources. We developed a method, named Easy-ET, to induce pseudopregnancy in female rats by artificial stimulation using sonic vibration instead of mating with vasectomized males. This study examined the application of this method for the induction of pseudopregnancy in mice. Offspring were obtained from two-cell embryos transferred into females with pseudopregnancy induced using sonic vibration in proestrus on the day before embryo transfer. Furthermore, high developmental rates of offspring were observed when pronuclear and two-cell embryos were transferred to females in estrus that were stimulated on the day of embryo transfer. Genome-edited mice were also obtained using frozen-warmed pronuclear embryos with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system (Cas) nucleases introduced using the technique for animal knockout system by electroporation (TAKE) method, which were transferred to females with pseudopregnancy induced on the day of embryo transfer. This study demonstrated that induction of pseudopregnancy by sonic vibration was also possible in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Wake
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Marina Endo
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | | | | | - Hisayuki Abe
- Institute for Animal Reproduction, Ibaraki, 300-0134, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
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7
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Kaneko T. Genome Editing of Rat. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2637:223-231. [PMID: 36773150 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3016-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Many genetically engineered rat strains have been produced by the development of genome editing technology, although it used to be technical difficulty and low production efficiency. Knockout and knock-in strains can be simple and quick produced using zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9. Presently, genome edited strains have been produced by microinjection and a new electroporation method named technique for animal knockout system by electroporation (TAKE). This chapter presents the latest protocols for producing genome edited rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
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8
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Abstract
Many genome-edited mouse and rat strains have been produced using engineered endonucleases, including zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9. Especially, CRISPR-Cas9 is powerful tool that can be easy, rapid, and high-efficiency-produced new genome-edited strains. Furthermore, new technique, Technique for Animal Knockout system by Electroporation (TAKE), efficiently accelerate production of new strains by direct nuclease introduction into intact embryos using electroporation. This chapter presents a latest technical information in the production of genome-edited mouse and rat by TAKE method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
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Takeo T, Nakao S, Mikoda N, Yamaga K, Maeda R, Tsuchiyama S, Nakatsukasa E, Nakagata N. Optimized protocols for sperm cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization in the rat. Lab Anim (NY) 2022; 51:256-274. [DOI: 10.1038/s41684-022-01053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Taketsuru H, Tsukada YI, Kaneko T. Survivability and subsequent development of vitrified early-stage mouse embryos after warming at different temperatures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 591:50-53. [PMID: 34999253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of embryos is a useful method for stably preserving various strains for a long time, and the cryopreserved embryos can be used at any time by simple warming. However, the viability of cryopreserved embryos, particularly vitrification at an early stage, is low compared to that of fresh embryos. As the warming process during vitrification is known to affect the survivability and subsequent development of embryos, the present study aimed to examine the viability and subsequent development of vitrified early-stage mouse embryos after warming at different temperatures. The survival rate of pronuclear and 2-cell stage embryos warmed at 60 °C (97% and 88%, respectively) was significantly higher than that of the embryos warmed at 37 °C (46% and 48%, respectively). The pronuclear and 2-cell stage embryos warmed at 60 °C (86% and 100%) showed better development to the blastocyst stage than the embryos warmed at 37 °C (72% and 84%, respectively). The development of offspring of the surviving embryos was similar at both the warming temperatures. These results showed that the survivability and subsequent development of vitrified early-stage mouse embryos were obviously increased upon rapid warming. This improved warming process could be helpful for the maintenance and reproduction of genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Taketsuru
- Advanced Biological Information Research Division, INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Tsukada
- Advanced Biological Information Research Division, INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Science and Engineering Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
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11
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Successful pseudopregnancy of rats by short period artificial stimulation using sonic vibration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1187. [PMID: 35075219 PMCID: PMC8786822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Psuedopregnancy for embryo transfer (ET) is usually induced in rats by mating with vasectomized males. Previously, we successfully induced pseudopregnancy using sonic vibration instead (Easy-ET method). The transferred embryos developed normally. Conventionally, stimulation is performed 7 × 30 s with 5 min intervals at the day before ET. However, this protocol is time-consuming because it imitates natural mating behavior. Here, we investigated pseudopregnancy induction with shorter stimulation times. Stimulation was performed 2 × 30 s, with 30 s intervals at the proestrus stage at the day before ET. Of the transferred pronuclear or two-cell embryos, 43% or 62% developed normally, respectively. Furthermore, 67% or 68% of transferred pronuclear or two-cell embryos in rats at estrus stage stimulated on the day of ET developed normally, respectively. Pseudopregnancy was successfully induced with shorter stimulation. Furthermore, this protocol may be used to perform a single-day stimulation and ET operation at the estrus stage.
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12
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Fukuda Y, Higashiya M, Obata T, Basaki K, Yano M, Matsumura K, Ono K, Ohba T, Okamoto Y, Nishijima K, Seki S. Small-volume vitrification and rapid warming yield high survivals of one-cell rat embryos in cryotubes†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:258-266. [PMID: 33783478 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To cryopreserve cells, it is essential to avoid intracellular ice formation during cooling and warming. One way to achieve this is to convert the water inside the cells into a non-crystalline glass. It is currently believed that to accomplish this vitrification, the cells must be suspended in a very high concentration (20-40%) of a glass-inducing solute, and subsequently cooled very rapidly. Herein, we report that this belief is erroneous with respect to the vitrification of one-cell rat embryos. In the present study, one-cell rat embryos were vitrified with 5 μL of EFS10 (a mixture of 10% ethylene glycol (EG), 27% Ficoll, and 0.45 M sucrose) in cryotubes at a moderate cooling rate, and warmed at various rates. Survival was assessed according to the ability of the cells to develop into blastocysts and to develop to term. When embryos were vitrified at a 2613 °C/min cooling rate and thawed by adding 1 mL of sucrose solution (0.3 M, 50 °C) at a warming rate of 18 467 °C/min, 58.1 ± 3.5% of the EFS10-vitrified embryos developed into blastocysts, and 50.0 ± 4.7% developed to term. These rates were similar to those of non-treated intact embryos. Using a conventional cryotube, we achieved developmental capabilities in one-cell rat embryos by rapid warming that were comparable to those of intact embryos, even using low concentrations (10%) of cell-permeating cryoprotectant and at low cooling rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Fukuda
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Misako Higashiya
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Obata
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Keita Basaki
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Megumi Yano
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Ono
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Okamoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nishijima
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Experimental Animals, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Seki
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
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13
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Kaneko T, Endo M, Tsunoda S, Nakagawa Y, Abe H. Simple induction of pseudopregnancy by artificial stimulation using a sonic vibration in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2729. [PMID: 32066799 PMCID: PMC7026161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo transfer has been used as one of the essential reproductive technologies for production of new strains and maintenance of genetic resources in animals. Mating with vasectomised male rats is a requirement for inducing pseudopregnancy in female rats selected for embryo transfer. Although this procedure has been used routinely, large breeding space and high expenditure are required to maintain a sufficient number of females and vasectomised males. This study was performed to induce pseudopregnancy in females by artificial stimulation using sonic vibration instead of vasectomised males. The females continued to be in the dioestrus stage for at least 14 days after artificial stimulation was performed. Of fresh 2-cell embryos that transferred into the oviducts of females after artificial stimulation, 56% was implanted and 50% was developed to offspring. Approximately 46% of the frozen 2-cell embryos were implanted and 24% developed into offspring. Furthermore, 66% of the fresh pronuclear embryos were implanted and 60% developed into offspring. This study successfully induced pseudopregnancy in rat females by artificial stimulation using a sonic vibration. This method, ‘Easy-ET’, was useful for efficient production and maintenance of rat strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Science and Engineering Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
| | - Marina Endo
- Division of Science and Engineering Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Abe
- Institute for Animal Reproduction, Ibaraki, 300-0134, Japan
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14
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Kaneko T, Nakagawa Y. Genome editing of rodents by electroporation of CRISPR/Cas9 into frozen-warmed pronuclear-stage embryos. Cryobiology 2020; 92:231-234. [PMID: 31987837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genome edited animals can now be easily produced using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system. Traditionally, these animals have been produced by the introduction of endonucleases into pronuclear-stage embryos. Recently, a novel electroporation method, the "Technique for Animal Knockout system by Electroporation (TAKE)," has been established as a simple and highly efficient tool to introduce endonucleases into embryos instead of methods such as microinjection. Use of frozen-warmed pronuclear-stage embryos in this method has further contributed to efficient production of genome edited animals. However, early developmental stage embryos, including pronuclear-stage embryos, especially those of rats, sometimes show low resistance to physical damage by vitrification and introduction of endonucleases during microinjection. In this study, we propose an ethanol-free, slow-freezing method to reduce physical damage to pronuclear-stage embryos followed by the TAKE method. All mouse and rat frozen embryos were survived after electroporation, and 18% and 100% of offspring were edited target gene, respectively. The resulting protocol is an efficient method for producing genome edited animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan; Division of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
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