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Fukuda Y, Higashiya M, Obata T, Basaki K, Yano M, Matsumura K, Ono K, Ohba T, Okamoto Y, Nishijima K, Seki S. Small-volume vitrification and rapid warming yield high survivals of one-cell rat embryos in cryotubes†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:258-266. [PMID: 33783478 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To cryopreserve cells, it is essential to avoid intracellular ice formation during cooling and warming. One way to achieve this is to convert the water inside the cells into a non-crystalline glass. It is currently believed that to accomplish this vitrification, the cells must be suspended in a very high concentration (20-40%) of a glass-inducing solute, and subsequently cooled very rapidly. Herein, we report that this belief is erroneous with respect to the vitrification of one-cell rat embryos. In the present study, one-cell rat embryos were vitrified with 5 μL of EFS10 (a mixture of 10% ethylene glycol (EG), 27% Ficoll, and 0.45 M sucrose) in cryotubes at a moderate cooling rate, and warmed at various rates. Survival was assessed according to the ability of the cells to develop into blastocysts and to develop to term. When embryos were vitrified at a 2613 °C/min cooling rate and thawed by adding 1 mL of sucrose solution (0.3 M, 50 °C) at a warming rate of 18 467 °C/min, 58.1 ± 3.5% of the EFS10-vitrified embryos developed into blastocysts, and 50.0 ± 4.7% developed to term. These rates were similar to those of non-treated intact embryos. Using a conventional cryotube, we achieved developmental capabilities in one-cell rat embryos by rapid warming that were comparable to those of intact embryos, even using low concentrations (10%) of cell-permeating cryoprotectant and at low cooling rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Fukuda
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Misako Higashiya
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Obata
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Keita Basaki
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Megumi Yano
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Ono
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Okamoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nishijima
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Experimental Animals, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Seki
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Akita, Japan
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