1
|
Marquez-Curtis LA, Elliott JAW. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects: Update from 2015 review. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104856. [PMID: 38340887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have become one of the most investigated and applied cells for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. In this update of our review published in 2015, we show that studies continue to abound regarding the characterization of MSCs to distinguish them from other similar cell types, the discovery of new tissue sources of MSCs, and the confirmation of their properties and functions that render them suitable as a therapeutic. Because cryopreservation is widely recognized as the only technology that would enable the on-demand availability of MSCs, here we show that although the traditional method of cryopreserving cells by slow cooling in the presence of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) continues to be used by many, several novel MSC cryopreservation approaches have emerged. As in our previous review, we conclude from these recent reports that viable and functional MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of cryoprotectants, freezing protocols, storage temperatures, and periods of storage. We also show that for logistical reasons there are now more studies devoted to the cryopreservation of tissues from which MSCs are derived. A new topic included in this review covers the application in COVID-19 of MSCs arising from their immunomodulatory and antiviral properties. Due to the inherent heterogeneity in MSC populations from different sources there is still no standardized procedure for their isolation, identification, functional characterization, cryopreservation, and route of administration, and not likely to be a "one-size-fits-all" approach in their applications in cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Marquez-Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1H9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1C9
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1H9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1C9.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Esmeryan KD, Chaushev TA. Cryopreservation of human semen by inherently-controlled icing probability: Or how the surface profile of superhydrophobic carbon soot coatings and the sperm volume affect the outcome of slow freezing? Cryobiology 2024; 115:104863. [PMID: 38395186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The restoration of initial functionality of human spermatozoa subjected to cryopreservation is challenging, because the deleterious intracellular icing and the occurrence of osmotic shocks due to prolonged exposure to increased concentrations of intracellular solutes are oppositely dependent on the cooling rate. This longstanding problem could be overcome if using superhydrophobic soot coatings delaying the heat transfer rate, reducing the ice formation probability and triggering balanced and timely dehydration of the cells, but the effect of their surface profile and sperm volume on the success rate of slow freezing is unclear. Here, we show for the first time that the two-factor freezing injury is entirely avoidable by tailoring the solid-to-gas voids (pores) fraction in the soot, leading to increased nucleation free energy barrier, presumable incipiency of ice crystals with controllable shape and size and hence, fully (100 %) recovered post-thaw sperm motility. It is demonstrated that the reason for such a unique scientific result is the selection of soot coatings with appropriate morphochemical features, hypothetically (not directly proven yet) inducing equilibrium among the solution composition and ice crystals formation, retarding the undesirable compression of liquid-filled "slush ice" channels surrounding the cytoplasm and impeding the ice recrystallization. The novel insights introduced in this article open endless horizon for customizing and revolutionizing the technical protocols in cryobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karekin D Esmeryan
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Todor A Chaushev
- Specialized Surgical Hospital "Doctor Malinov", 46, Gotse Delchev Blvd., 1860, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kikuchi T, Nishimura M, Shirakawa C, Fujita Y, Otoi T. Avoiding aggregation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells stored in cell preservation solutions. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:123-127. [PMID: 38363434 PMCID: PMC10917824 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kikuchi
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Kuguhara, Tateiwa, Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan.
| | - Masuhiro Nishimura
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Kuguhara, Tateiwa, Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Chikage Shirakawa
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Kuguhara, Tateiwa, Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fujita
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Kuguhara, Tateiwa, Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, 2272-2 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mahmoud M, Abdel-Rasheed M, Galal ER, El-Awady RR. Factors Defining Human Adipose Stem/Stromal Cell Immunomodulation in Vitro. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:175-205. [PMID: 37962697 PMCID: PMC10799834 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) are adult multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with immunomodulatory capacities. Here, we present up-to-date knowledge on the impact of different experimental and donor-related factors on hASC immunoregulatory functions in vitro. The experimental determinants include the immunological status of hASCs relative to target immune cells, contact vs. contactless interaction, and oxygen tension. Factors such as the ratio of hASCs to immune cells, the cellular context, the immune cell activation status, and coculture duration are also discussed. Conditioning of hASCs with different approaches before interaction with immune cells, hASC culture in xenogenic or xenofree culture medium, hASC culture in two-dimension vs. three-dimension with biomaterials, and the hASC passage number are among the experimental parameters that greatly may impact the hASC immunosuppressive potential in vitro, thus, they are also considered. Moreover, the influence of donor-related characteristics such as age, sex, and health status on hASC immunomodulation in vitro is reviewed. By analysis of the literature studies, most of the indicated determinants have been investigated in broad non-standardized ranges, so the results are not univocal. Clear conclusions cannot be drawn for the fine-tuned scenarios of many important factors to set a standard hASC immunopotency assay. Such variability needs to be carefully considered in further standardized research. Importantly, field experts' opinions may help to make it clearer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mahmoud
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mazen Abdel-Rasheed
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Reda Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab R El-Awady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kikuchi T, Nishimura M, Shirakawa C, Fujita Y, Otoi T. Relationship between oxygen partial pressure and inhibition of cell aggregation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells stored in cell preservation solutions. Regen Ther 2023; 24:25-31. [PMID: 37303463 PMCID: PMC10247950 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the storage conditions under which cell aggregation occurs and the conditions that inhibit cell aggregation when human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) are stored in lactated Ringer's solution (LR) supplemented with 3% trehalose and 5% dextran 40 (LR-3T-5D). Methods We first examined the effects of storage temperature and time on the aggregation and viability of hADSCs stored in LR and LR-3T-5D. The cells were stored at 5 °C or 25 °C for various times up to 24 h. We then evaluated the effects of storage volume (250-2,000 μL), cell density (2.5-20 × 105 cells/mL), and nitrogen gas replacement on aggregation, oxygen partial pressure (pO2), and viability of hADSCs stored for 24 h at 25 °C in LR-3T-5D. Results When stored in LR-3T-5D, viability did not change under either condition compared with pre-storage, but the cell aggregation rate increased significantly with storage at 25 °C for 24 h (p<0.001). In LR, the aggregation rate did not change under either condition, but cell viability decreased significantly after 24 h at both 5 °C and 25 °C (p < 0.05). The cell aggregation rates and pO2 tended to decrease with increasing solution volume and cell density. Nitrogen gas replacement significantly decreased the cell aggregation rate and pO2 (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in viability among cells stored under conditions of different storage volumes, densities, and nitrogen gas replacement. Conclusions Aggregation of cells after storage at 25 °C in LR-3T-5D may be suppressed by increasing the storage volume and cell density as well as by incorporating nitrogen replacement, which lowers the pO2 in the solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kikuchi
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Masuhiro Nishimura
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Chikage Shirakawa
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fujita
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu Y, Liu X, Liu F, Xie J, Zhu Q, Tan S. Trehalose in Biomedical Cryopreservation-Properties, Mechanisms, Delivery Methods, Applications, Benefits, and Problems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1190-1204. [PMID: 36779397 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells and tissues are the foundation of translational medicine. At present, one of the main technological obstacles is their preservation for long-term usage while maintaining adequate viability and function. Optimized storage techniques must be developed to make them safer to use in the clinic. Cryopreservation is the most common long-term preservation method to maintain the vitality and function of cells and tissues. But, the formation of ice crystals in cells and tissues is considered to be the main mechanism that could harm cells and tissues during freezing and thawing. To reduce the formation of ice crystals, cryoprotective agents (CPAs) must be added to the cells and tissues to achieve the cryoprotective effect. However, conventional cryopreservation of cells and tissues often needs to use toxic organic solvents as CPAs. As a result, cryopreserved cells and tissues may need to go through a time-consuming washing process to remove CPAs for further applications in translational medicine, and multiple valuable cells are potentially lost or killed. Currently, trehalose has been researched as a nontoxic CPA due to its cryoprotective ability and stability during cryopreservation. Nevertheless, trehalose is a nonpermeable CPA, and the lack of an effective intracellular trehalose delivery method has become the main obstacle to its use in cryopreservation. This article illustrated the properties, mechanisms, delivery methods, and applications of trehalose, summarized the benefits and limits of trehalose, and summed up the findings and research direction of trehalose in biomedical cryopreservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Hu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiangjian Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jingxian Xie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Qubo Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yurchuk T, Pavlovich O, Petrushko M. Using Dextran Instead of Egg Yolk in Extender for Cryopreservation of Spermatozoa of Dogs of Different Ages. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3480. [PMID: 36552399 PMCID: PMC9774612 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg yolk is a very common supplement of extenders aimed to protect sperm from cryoinjury, but due to their biological risks and difficulties with media standardization, there is a search for alternative. In addition, sperm cryoresistance can be affected by the initial decrease of their functional characteristics caused by age. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of using dextran (molecular weight 500 kDa) in the extenders instead of egg yolk for the cryopreservation of spermatozoa of dogs (Chinese Crested breed) of different ages. The obtained ejaculates were divided into three groups depending on the animal's age: 1-3, 4-6 and 7-10 years old. Sperm was cryopreserved by using 7% glycerol and 20% egg yolk, or 20% dextran. The cryoresistance of spermatozoa of the oldest age category was dramatically decreased, which was manifested in their morphology, motility, and DNA fragmentation rate. There were no differences between the cryoprotectant effect of the dextran-based extender on spermatozoa and the egg yolk-based extender in all age categories of dogs. However, given the benefits of dextran-containing media, its use for the cryopreservation of canine spermatozoa has potential benefits that need to be confirmed by sperm fertilization outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisiia Yurchuk
- Department of Cryobiology of Reproductive System, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavska 23, 61016 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fujita Y, Nishimura M, Wada T, Komori N, Otoi T. Dimethyl sulfoxide-free cryopreservation solution containing trehalose, dextran 40, and propylene glycol for therapy with human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:515-529. [PMID: 36238270 PMCID: PMC9525547 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated a dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO)-free cryopreservation solution to freeze human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADSCs). In the first experiment, we compared the combined effects of 3% trehalose (3 T) and 5% dextran (5D) in lactated Ringer’s solution (LR) as a cryopreservation base solution containing 10% propylene glycol (PG). The cell viability of hADSCs immediately after thawing was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in LR supplemented with 3 T (LR-3 T) and with 3 T and 5D (LR-3 T-5D) than in LR. In the second experiment, we compared the cell characteristics of hADSCs freeze-thawed in LR-3 T-5D containing either 10% Me2SO or 10% PG. The cell viability, annexin V-positive ratio, colony-forming capacity, cell proliferation, cell surface antigen positivity, adipogenic differentiation, osteogenic differentiation, and genetic response to cytokine stimulation of hADSCs immediately after thawing were similar between the LR-3 T-5D containing 10% Me2SO and 10% PG. In the third experiment, we examined various concentrations of PG on the cell proliferative capacity of freeze-thawed hADSCs. The cell proliferative capacity of hADSCs frozen with LR-3 T-5D containing 2.5% to 5% PG was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than LR-3 T-5D containing 10% PG. Furthermore, the cell proliferative capacity of hADSCs frozen with LR-3 T-5D containing 4% PG was similar to that of fresh hADSCs. These results indicate that the combination of 3 T-5D in an LR solution as a basic solution is effective for post-thaw cell viability, and that the optimal concentration of PG to maintain the cell characteristics of hADSCs frozen with LR-3 T-5D is 2.5% to 5%, which is promising for cell therapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Fujita
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601 Japan
| | - Masuhiro Nishimura
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601 Japan
| | - Tamaki Wada
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601 Japan
| | - Natsuki Komori
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601 Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, 2272-2 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima 779-3233 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pakhomov O, Gurina T, Mazaeva V, Polyakova A, Deng B, Legach E, Bozhok G. Phase transitions and mechanisms of cryoprotection of serum-/xeno-free media based on dextran and dimethyl sulfoxide. Cryobiology 2022; 107:13-22. [PMID: 35753382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of serum-/xeno-free media may help avoid the drawbacks of using serum and its components, such as probable contamination, instability of composition, or difficulty in sterilization. The objectives of this research were to investigate the use of combinations of a permeating cryoprotective agent (Me2SO) and non-permeating (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, hydroxyethyl starch, dextran) polymers for cryopreservation of interstitial cells (ICs) of rat testis, and to propose the mechanism of cryoprotection of such compositions. In the course of this study, the best combination was 100 mg/ml dextran (M.m. 40 kDa) (Dex40) with 0.7 M Me2SO in Ham's F12. The ICs were additionally cooled and warmed to different end temperatures (-30, -50, -50 and -196 °C) to determine which temperature intervals contributed most to the IC loss. Then, the cryoprotective action of this serum-/xeno-free medium was investigated in comparison with serum or albumin-containing media by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). The results showed that the medium based on Dex40 did not decrease the amount of ice formed. However, it could undergo other phase separation and phase transformation to form glassy states. Potential cell-damaging physical processes such as eutectic crystallization/melting, recrystallization of NaCl and/or Me2SO derivatives, found in serum-containing media and taking place in specific temperature intervals, were not observed in the Dex40 based media. This was in good correlation with indicators of cell survival. Additionally, the application of Dex40 allowed using Me2SO in lower concentrations (0.7 M) than required for serum-containing media (1.4 M), which may decrease the toxicity of serum-/xeno-free media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Pakhomov
- Department of Cryoendocrinology, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Pereyaslavskaya St, Kharkiv, 61016, Ukraine.
| | - Tatyana Gurina
- Department of Cryoendocrinology, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Pereyaslavskaya St, Kharkiv, 61016, Ukraine.
| | - Viktoria Mazaeva
- Department of Studies of Technology for Processing Oils and Fats, Ukrainian Research Institute of Oils and Fats, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 2a Dziuby Ave, Kharkiv, 61019, Ukraine.
| | - Anna Polyakova
- Department of Cryoendocrinology, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Pereyaslavskaya St, Kharkiv, 61016, Ukraine.
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Ave, Henan, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Evgeniy Legach
- Department of Cryoendocrinology, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Pereyaslavskaya St, Kharkiv, 61016, Ukraine.
| | - Galyna Bozhok
- Department of Cryoendocrinology, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Pereyaslavskaya St, Kharkiv, 61016, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kikuchi T, Nishimura M, Hirata M, Tanihara F, Komori N, Tanaka M, Sawamoto O, Otoi T, Matsumoto S. Development and characterization of Gal KO porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12717. [PMID: 34730861 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We demonstrated that neonatal porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (npBM-MSCs) could improve a critical ischemic limb disease in rat model more efficiently compared with human MSCs. However, since porcine MSC presents galactosyl-alpha 1,3-galactose antigen (Gal antigen), MSC could be eliminated by the xenogeneic rejection. Recently, we established Gal knockout (KO) pigs by a technique of the electroporation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into vitro-fertilized zygotes. In this study, we hypothesized that MSC from the established Gal KO pigs could further improve the efficacy. Before examining the hypothesis, in this study, we have established and characterized bone marrow-derived MSC from the Gal KO adult pigs (apBM-MSCs). METHODS Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from bone marrow cells of both Gal KO adult pigs and wild-type (WT) adult pigs. MNCs were further manipulated to create Gal KO apBM-MSCs and WT apBM-MSCs. Both MSCs were assessed by their surface markers, the capability of differentiation into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, grow speed and colony-forming assay. To assess the efficacy of Gal KO apBM-MSCs, angiogenesis-related genes and immunosuppression-related genes were assessed by cytokine stimulation. RESULTS Gal KO apBM-MSC showed no Gal antigen on their cell surfaces. Both Gal KO apBM-MSCs and WT apBM-MSCs, presented little or no negative surface markers of MSCs, while they presented positive surface markers of MSCs. Furthermore, Gal KO apBM-MSCs were able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes as well as WT apBM-MSCs. There was no difference in doubling time between Gal KO apBM-MSCs and WT apBM-MSCs. Interestingly, the colony-forming efficiency of Gal KO apBM-MSCs was about half that of WT apBM-MSC. However, angiogenesis and immunosuppression-related genes were equally upregulated in both Gal KO apBM-MSCs and WT apBM-MSCs by cytokine stimulation. CONCLUSION We created and characterized Gal KO apBM-MSCs which showed similar characteristics and cytokine-induced gene upregulation to the WT apBM-MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kikuchi
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masuhiro Nishimura
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tanihara
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Natsuki Komori
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Tanaka
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Osamu Sawamoto
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Matsumoto
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|