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Serra R, Rallo V, Steri M, Olla S, Piras MG, Marongiu M, Gorospe M, Schlessinger D, Pinna A, Fiorillo E, Cucca F, Angius A. A large-scale screening identified in USH2A gene the P3272L founder pathogenic variant explaining familial Usher syndrome in Sardinia, Italy. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:306. [PMID: 39044131 PMCID: PMC11265335 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Usher syndrome (USH) encompasses a group of disorders characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We described the clinical findings, natural history, and molecular analyses of USH patients identified during a large-scale screening to identify quantitative traits related to ocular disorders in the SardiNIA project cohort. METHODS We identified 3 USH-affected families out of a cohort of 6,148 healthy subjects. 9 subjects presented a pathological phenotype, with SNHL and RP. All patients and their family members underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and electrophysiological testing. Audiological evaluation was performed with a clinical audiometer. Genotyping was performed using several arrays integrated with whole genome sequence data providing approximately 22 million markers equally distributed for each subject analyzed. Molecular diagnostics focused on analysis of the following candidate genes: MYO7A, USH1C, CDH23, PCDH15, USH1G, CIB2, USH2A, GPR98, DFNB31, CLRN1, and PDZD7. RESULTS A single missense causal variant in USH2A gene was identified in homozygous status in all patients and in heterozygous status in unaffected parents. The presence of multiple homozygous patients with the same phenotypic severity of the syndromic form suggests that the Sardinian USH phenotype is the result of a founder effect on a specific pathogenic variant related haplotype. The frequency of heterozygotes in general Sardinian population is 1.89. Additionally, to provide new insights into the structure of usherin and the pathological mechanisms caused by small pathogenic in-frame variants, like p.Pro3272Leu, molecular dynamics simulations of native and mutant protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes were performed that predicted a destabilization of the protein with a decrease in the free energy change. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that our approach is effective for the genetic diagnosis of USH. Based on the heterozygous frequency, targeted screening of this variant in the general population and in families at risk or with familial USH can be suggested. This can lead to more accurate molecular diagnosis, better genetic counseling, and improved molecular epidemiology data that are critical for future intervention plans. TRIAL REGISTRATION We did not perform any health-related interventions for the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Serra
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rallo
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maristella Steri
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Stefania Olla
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Piras
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Michele Marongiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonio Pinna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy Ophthalmology Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Angius
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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Sanjurjo-Soriano C, Jimenez-Medina C, Erkilic N, Cappellino L, Lefevre A, Nagel-Wolfrum K, Wolfrum U, Van Wijk E, Roux AF, Meunier I, Kalatzis V. USH2A variants causing retinitis pigmentosa or Usher syndrome provoke differential retinal phenotypes in disease-specific organoids. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100229. [PMID: 37654703 PMCID: PMC10465966 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an emblematic clinical and genetic heterogeneity associated with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). The most common form is retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a rod-cone dystrophy caused by pathogenic variants in over 80 different genes. Further complexifying diagnosis, different variants in individual RP genes can also alter the clinical phenotype. USH2A is the most prevalent gene for autosomal-recessive RP and one of the most challenging because of its large size and, hence, large number of variants. Moreover, USH2A variants give rise to non-syndromic and syndromic RP, known as Usher syndrome (USH) type 2, which is associated with vision and hearing loss. The lack of a clear genotype-phenotype correlation or prognostic models renders diagnosis highly challenging. We report here a long-awaited differential non-syndromic RP and USH phenotype in three human disease-specific models: fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mature iPSC-derived retinal organoids. Moreover, we identified distinct retinal phenotypes in organoids from multiple RP and USH individuals, which were validated by isogenic-corrected controls. Non-syndromic RP organoids showed compromised photoreceptor differentiation, whereas USH organoids showed a striking and unexpected cone phenotype. Furthermore, complementary clinical investigations identified macular atrophy in a high proportion of USH compared with RP individuals, further validating our observations that USH2A variants differentially affect cones. Overall, identification of distinct non-syndromic RP and USH phenotypes in multiple models provides valuable and robust readouts for testing the pathogenicity of USH2A variants as well as the efficacy of therapeutic approaches in complementary cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sanjurjo-Soriano
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Carla Jimenez-Medina
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nejla Erkilic
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Luisina Cappellino
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Lefevre
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Erwin Van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing, & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Françoise Roux
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Vasiliki Kalatzis
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Toms M, Toualbi L, Almeida PV, Harbottle R, Moosajee M. Successful large gene augmentation of USH2A with non-viral episomal vectors. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2755-2766. [PMID: 37337429 PMCID: PMC10491995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
USH2A mutations are a common cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Usher syndrome, for which there are currently no approved treatments. Gene augmentation is a valuable therapeutic strategy for treating many inherited retinal diseases; however, conventional adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy cannot accommodate cDNAs exceeding 4.7 kb, such as the 15.6-kb-long USH2A coding sequence. In the present study, we adopted an alternative strategy to successfully generate scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) DNA plasmid vectors containing the full-length human USH2A coding sequence, a GFP reporter gene, and a ubiquitous promoter (CMV or CAG), reaching a size of approximately 23 kb. We assessed the vectors in transfected HEK293 cells and USH2A patient-derived dermal fibroblasts in addition to ush2au507 zebrafish microinjected with the vector at the one-cell stage. pS/MAR-USH2A vectors drove persistent transgene expression in patient fibroblasts with restoration of usherin. Twelve months of GFP expression was detected in the photoreceptor cells, with rescue of Usher 2 complex localization in the photoreceptors of ush2au507 zebrafish retinas injected with pS/MAR-USH2A. To our knowledge, this is the first reported vector that can be used to express full-length usherin with functional rescue. S/MAR DNA vectors have shown promise as a novel non-viral retinal gene therapy, warranting further translational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Toms
- Development, Ageing, and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lyes Toualbi
- Development, Ageing, and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Patrick V Almeida
- DNA Vector Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Harbottle
- DNA Vector Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Development, Ageing, and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK.
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Jung S, Park YC, Lee D, Kim S, Kim SM, Kim Y, Lee D, Hyun J, Koh I, Lee JY. Exome sequencing identified five novel USH2A variants in Korean patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:163-170. [PMID: 36314366 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2138456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited disorder that causes progressive loss of vision. This study aimed to describe the possible causative variants of the USH2A gene in Korean RP families and their associated phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 94 RP families (220 subjects, including 94 probands and 126 family members) in a Korean cohort, and analyzed USH2A gene variants through whole-exome sequencing. The pathogenicity of the variants was classified according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines. RESULTS We found 14 USH2A disease-causing variants, including 5 novel variants. Disease causing variants were identified in 10 probands with RP, accounting for 10.6% (10/94) of the Korean RPs in the cohort. To visually represent the structural changes induced by novel variants, we modeled the three-dimensional structures of the wild-type and mutant proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the spectrum of USH2A variants and provides information for future therapeutic strategies for RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungHee Jung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Chan Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Oneomics Co, Ltd, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - DongHee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Oneomics Co, Ltd, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - SiYeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - InSong Koh
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Tebbe L, Mwoyosvi ML, Crane R, Makia MS, Kakakhel M, Cosgrove D, Al-Ubaidi MR, Naash MI. The usherin mutation c.2299delG leads to its mislocalization and disrupts interactions with whirlin and VLGR1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:972. [PMID: 36810733 PMCID: PMC9944904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the leading cause of combined deafness-blindness with type 2 A (USH2A) being the most common form. Knockout models of USH proteins, like the Ush2a-/- model that develops a late-onset retinal phenotype, failed to mimic the retinal phenotype observed in patients. Since patient's mutations result in the expression of a mutant protein and to determine the mechanism of USH2A, we generated and evaluated an usherin (USH2A) knock-in mouse expressing the common human disease-mutation, c.2299delG. This mouse exhibits retinal degeneration and expresses a truncated, glycosylated protein which is mislocalized to the photoreceptor inner segment. The degeneration is associated with a decline in retinal function, structural abnormalities in connecting cilium and outer segment and mislocaliztion of the usherin interactors very long G-protein receptor 1 and whirlin. The onset of symptoms is significantly earlier compared to Ush2a-/-, proving expression of mutated protein is required to recapitulate the patients' retinal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tebbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Maggie L Mwoyosvi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ryan Crane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Mustafa S Makia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Mashal Kakakhel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | | | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Su T, Liang L, Zhang L, Wang J, Chen L, Su C, Cao J, Yu Q, Deng S, Chan HF, Tang S, Guo Y, Chen J. Retinal organoids and microfluidic chip-based approaches to explore the retinitis pigmentosa with USH2A mutations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:939774. [PMID: 36185441 PMCID: PMC9524156 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.939774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide, with limited medical treatment options. USH2A mutations are one of the most common causes of non-syndromic RP. In this study, we developed retinal organoids (ROs) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of RP patient to establish a sustainable in vitro RP disease model. RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescent staining assessments showed that USH2A mutations induced apoptosis of iPSCs and ROs, and deficiency of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Transcriptomics and proteomics findings suggested that abnormal ECM-receptor interactions could result in apoptosis of ROs with USH2A mutations via the PI3K-Akt pathway. To optimize the culture conditions of ROs, we fabricated a microfluidic chip to co-culture the ROs with RPE cells. Our results showed that this perfusion system could efficiently improve the survival rate of ROs. Further, ECM components such as laminin and collagen IV of ROs in the RP group were upregulated compared with those maintained in static culture. These findings illustrate the potential of microfluidic chip combined with ROs technology in disease modelling for RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiying Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixing Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Centric Laboratory, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yonglong Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiansu Chen, ; Yonglong Guo,
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiansu Chen, ; Yonglong Guo,
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Colombo J, Moschetta-Pinheiro MG, Novais AA, Stoppe BR, Bonini ED, Gonçalves FM, Fukumasu H, Coutinho LL, Chuffa LGDA, Zuccari DAPDC. Liquid Biopsy as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for Women and Female Dogs with Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5233. [PMID: 34680380 PMCID: PMC8533706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) is the malignant neoplasm with the highest mortality rate in women and female dogs are good models to study BC. OBJECTIVE We investigated the efficacy of liquid biopsy to detect gene mutations in the diagnosis and follow-up of women and female dogs with BC. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 57 and 37 BC samples were collected from women and female dogs, respectively. After core biopsy and plasma samples were collected, the DNA and ctDNA of the tumor fragments and plasma were processed for next generation sequencing (NGS) assay. After preprocessing of the data, they were submitted to the Genome Analysis ToolKit (GATK). RESULTS In women, 1788 variants were identified in tumor fragments and 221 variants in plasma; 66 variants were simultaneously detected in tumors and plasma. Conversely, in female dogs, 1430 variants were found in plasma and 695 variants in tumor fragments; 59 variants were simultaneously identified in tumors and plasma. The most frequently mutated genes in the tumor fragments of women were USH2A, ATM, and IGF2R; in female dogs, they were USH2A, BRCA2, and RRM2. Plasma of women showed the most frequent genetic variations in the MAP3K1, BRCA1, and GRB7 genes, whereas plasma from female dogs had variations in the NF1, ERBB2, and KRT17 genes. Mutations in the AKT1, PIK3CA, and BRIP genes were associated with tumor recurrence, with a highly pathogenic variant in PIK3CA being particularly prominent. We also detected a gain-of-function mutation in the GRB7, MAP3K1, and MLH1 genes. CONCLUSION Liquid biopsy is useful to identify specific genetic variations at the beginning of BC manifestation and may be accompanied over the entire follow-up period, thereby supporting the clinicians in refining interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucimara Colombo
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation in Cancer (LIMC), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (M.G.M.-P.); (A.A.N.); (B.R.S.); (E.D.B.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Marina Gobbe Moschetta-Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation in Cancer (LIMC), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (M.G.M.-P.); (A.A.N.); (B.R.S.); (E.D.B.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Adriana Alonso Novais
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation in Cancer (LIMC), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (M.G.M.-P.); (A.A.N.); (B.R.S.); (E.D.B.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Bruna Ribeiro Stoppe
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation in Cancer (LIMC), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (M.G.M.-P.); (A.A.N.); (B.R.S.); (E.D.B.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Enrico Dumbra Bonini
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation in Cancer (LIMC), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (M.G.M.-P.); (A.A.N.); (B.R.S.); (E.D.B.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Francine Moraes Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation in Cancer (LIMC), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (M.G.M.-P.); (A.A.N.); (B.R.S.); (E.D.B.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology (LOCT), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
| | - Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation in Cancer (LIMC), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (M.G.M.-P.); (A.A.N.); (B.R.S.); (E.D.B.); (F.M.G.)
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8
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Fuster-García C, García-Bohórquez B, Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Aller E, Jaijo T, Millán JM, García-García G. Usher Syndrome: Genetics of a Human Ciliopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136723. [PMID: 34201633 PMCID: PMC8268283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive syndromic ciliopathy characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa and, sometimes, vestibular dysfunction. There are three clinical types depending on the severity and age of onset of the symptoms; in addition, ten genes are reported to be causative of USH, and six more related to the disease. These genes encode proteins of a diverse nature, which interact and form a dynamic protein network called the “Usher interactome”. In the organ of Corti, the USH proteins are essential for the correct development and maintenance of the structure and cohesion of the stereocilia. In the retina, the USH protein network is principally located in the periciliary region of the photoreceptors, and plays an important role in the maintenance of the periciliary structure and the trafficking of molecules between the inner and the outer segments of photoreceptors. Even though some genes are clearly involved in the syndrome, others are controversial. Moreover, expression of some USH genes has been detected in other tissues, which could explain their involvement in additional mild comorbidities. In this paper, we review the genetics of Usher syndrome and the spectrum of mutations in USH genes. The aim is to identify possible mutation associations with the disease and provide an updated genotype–phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fuster-García
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén García-Bohórquez
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Aller
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Jaijo
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Millán
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Gema García-García
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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