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Niu J, Shi Y, Gao Z, Sun Z, Tian S, Chen X, Luan M. The β-galactosidase gene AtrBGAL2 regulates Akebia trifoliata fruit cracking. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133313. [PMID: 38936569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cracking of Akebia trifoliata fruit at maturity is problematic for the cultivation of the horticultural crop, shortening shelf-life quality and compromising commercial value. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this feature of A. trifoliata are not known. Genes involved in cell wall metabolism were identified by genome and transcriptome sequencing, which may play important roles in fruit cracking. One of the galactose metabolism related genes, β-galactosidase (AtrBGAL2), was identified in A. trifoliata, and overexpression (OE) of AtrBGAL2 resulted in early fruit cracking, higher water-soluble pectin contents, and lower acid-soluble pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content compared to the wild type. Whereas silencing of AtrBGAL2 in trifoliata by virus induced gene silencing showed opposite trends. The levels of AtrBGAL2 transcripts were 24.6 and 66.0-fold higher in OE A. trifoliata and tomato fruits, respectively, and the cell wall-related genes were also gradually greater than in control plants during fruit ripening. Whereas the expression levels of AtrBGAL2 was significantly down-regulated by 54.1 % and 73.7 % in gene silenced A. trifoliata and CRISPR/Cas9 tomato mutant plants, respectively, and cell wall-related genes were also significantly reduced. These results demonstrate that AtrBGAL2 plays important roles in regulating fruit cracking during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Niu
- Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen 333032, China; Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Zexin Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Zhimin Sun
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Shuang Tian
- Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen 333032, China.
| | | | - Mingbao Luan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
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La Spada P, Dominguez E, Continella A, Heredia A, Gentile A. Factors influencing fruit cracking: an environmental and agronomic perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1343452. [PMID: 38434425 PMCID: PMC10904461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Fruit cracking, a widespread physiological disorder affecting various fruit crops and vegetables, has profound implications for fruit quality and marketability. This mini review delves into the multifaceted factors contributing to fruit cracking and emphasizes the pivotal roles of environmental and agronomic factors in its occurrence. Environmental variables such as temperature, relative humidity, and light exposure are explored as determinants factors influencing fruit cracking susceptibility. Furthermore, the significance of mineral nutrition and plant growth regulators in mitigating fruit cracking risk is elucidated, being calcium deficiency identified as a prominent variable in various fruit species. In recent years, precision farming and monitoring systems have emerged as valuable tools for managing environmental factors and optimizing fruit production. By meticulously tracking parameters such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and fruit skin temperature, growers can make informed decisions to prevent or alleviate fruit cracking. In conclusion, effective prevention of fruit cracking necessitates a comprehensive approach that encompasses both environmental and agronomic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo La Spada
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A) - Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eva Dominguez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Continella
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A) - Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Heredia
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A) - Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Hu Y, Li Y, Zhu B, Huang W, Chen J, Wang F, Chen Y, Wang M, Lai H, Zhou Y. Genome-wide identification of the expansin gene family in netted melon and their transcriptional responses to fruit peel cracking. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1332240. [PMID: 38322822 PMCID: PMC10846642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Fruit cracking not only affects the appearance of netted melons (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.) but also decreases their marketability. Methods Herein, to comprehensively understand the role of expansin (EXP) proteins in netted melon, bioinformatics methods were employed to discover the EXP gene family in the melon genome and analyze its characteristic features. Furthermore, transcriptomics analysis was performed to determine the expression patterns of melon EXP (CmEXP) genes in crack-tolerant and crack-susceptible netted melon varieties. Discussion Thirty-three CmEXP genes were identified. Chromosomal location analysis revealed that CmEXP gene distribution was uneven on 12 chromosomes. In addition, phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that CmEXP genes could be categorized into four subgroups, among which the EXPA subgroup had the most members. The same subgroup members shared similar protein motifs and gene structures. Thirteen duplicate events were identified in the 33 CmEXP genes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the CmEXP genes had 50, 50, and 44 orthologous genes with EXP genes in cucumber, watermelon, and Arabidopsis, respectively. However, only nine orthologous EXP genes were observed in rice. Promoter cis-acting element analysis demonstrated that numerous cis-acting elements in the upstream promoter region of CmEXP genes participate in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 14 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the non-cracked fruit peels between the crack-tolerant variety 'Xizhoumi 17' (N17) and the crack-susceptible variety 'Xizhoumi 25' (N25). Among the 14 genes, 11 were upregulated, whereas the remaining three were downregulated in N17. In the non-cracked (N25) and cracked (C25) fruit peels of 'Xizhoumi 25', 24 DEGs were identified, and 4 of them were upregulated, whereas the remaining 20 were downregulated in N25. In the two datasets, only CmEXPB1 exhibited consistently upregulated expression, indicating its importance in the fruit peel crack resistance of netted melon. Transcription factor prediction revealed 56 potential transcription factors that regulate CmEXPB1 expression. Results Our study findings enrich the understanding of the CmEXP gene family and present candidate genes for the molecular breeding of fruit peel crack resistance of netted melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Hu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Baibi Zhu
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Wenfeng Huang
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Yisong Chen
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Hanggui Lai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
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Donkpegan ASL, Bernard A, Barreneche T, Quero-García J, Bonnet H, Fouché M, Le Dantec L, Wenden B, Dirlewanger E. Genome-wide association mapping in a sweet cherry germplasm collection ( Prunus avium L.) reveals candidate genes for fruit quality traits. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad191. [PMID: 38239559 PMCID: PMC10794993 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), large variability exists for various traits related to fruit quality. There is a need to discover the genetic architecture of these traits in order to enhance the efficiency of breeding strategies for consumer and producer demands. With this objective, a germplasm collection consisting of 116 sweet cherry accessions was evaluated for 23 agronomic fruit quality traits over 2-6 years, and characterized using a genotyping-by-sequencing approach. The SNP coverage collected was used to conduct a genome-wide association study using two multilocus models and three reference genomes. We identified numerous SNP-trait associations for global fruit size (weight, width, and thickness), fruit cracking, fruit firmness, and stone size, and we pinpointed several candidate genes involved in phytohormone, calcium, and cell wall metabolisms. Finally, we conducted a precise literature review focusing on the genetic architecture of fruit quality traits in sweet cherry to compare our results with potential colocalizations of marker-trait associations. This study brings new knowledge of the genetic control of important agronomic traits related to fruit quality, and to the development of marker-assisted selection strategies targeted towards the facilitation of breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armel S L Donkpegan
- UMR BFP, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard
Bourlaux, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- UMR BOA, SYSAAF, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, 37380
Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Bernard
- UMR BFP, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard
Bourlaux, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Teresa Barreneche
- UMR BFP, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard
Bourlaux, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - José Quero-García
- UMR BFP, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard
Bourlaux, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Hélène Bonnet
- UMR BFP, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard
Bourlaux, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Mathieu Fouché
- UMR BFP, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard
Bourlaux, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Loïck Le Dantec
- UMR BFP, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard
Bourlaux, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Bénédicte Wenden
- UMR BFP, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard
Bourlaux, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Elisabeth Dirlewanger
- UMR BFP, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard
Bourlaux, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Skodra C, Michailidis M, Moysiadis T, Stamatakis G, Ganopoulou M, Adamakis IDS, Angelis L, Ganopoulos I, Tanou G, Samiotaki M, Bazakos C, Molassiotis A. Disclosing the molecular basis of salinity priming in olive trees using proteogenomic model discovery. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1913-1933. [PMID: 36508356 PMCID: PMC10022641 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to salinity are becoming increasingly understood, however, salt priming mechanisms remain unclear, especially in perennial fruit trees. Herein, we showed that low-salt pre-exposure primes olive (Olea europaea) plants against high salinity stress. We then performed a proteogenomic study to characterize priming responses in olive roots and leaves. Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data along with metabolic data revealed robust salinity changes that exhibit distinct or overlapping patterns in olive tissues, among which we focused on sugar regulation. Using the multi-crossed -omics data set, we showed that major differences between primed and nonprimed tissues are mainly associated with hormone signaling and defense-related interactions. We identified multiple genes and proteins, including known and putative regulators, that reported significant proteomic and transcriptomic changes between primed and nonprimed plants. Evidence also supported the notion that protein post-translational modifications, notably phosphorylations, carbonylations and S-nitrosylations, promote salt priming. The proteome and transcriptome abundance atlas uncovered alterations between mRNA and protein quantities within tissues and salinity conditions. Proteogenomic-driven causal model discovery also unveiled key interaction networks involved in salt priming. Data generated in this study are important resources for understanding salt priming in olive tree and facilitating proteogenomic research in plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Skodra
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki-Thermi 57001, Greece
| | - Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki-Thermi 57001, Greece
| | - Theodoros Moysiadis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, Thessaloniki-Thermi 570001, Greece
- Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - George Stamatakis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Maria Ganopoulou
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | | | - Lefteris Angelis
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, Thessaloniki-Thermi 570001, Greece
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, Thessaloniki-Thermi 57001, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, Thessaloniki-Thermi 57001, Greece
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, Thessaloniki-Thermi 57001, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Christos Bazakos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, Thessaloniki-Thermi 570001, Greece
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, Thessaloniki-Thermi 57001, Greece
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
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Santos M, Egea-Cortines M, Gonçalves B, Matos M. Molecular mechanisms involved in fruit cracking: A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1130857. [PMID: 36937999 PMCID: PMC10016354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several fleshy fruits are highly affected by cracking, a severe physiological disorder that compromises their quality and causes high economical losses to the producers. Cracking can occur due to physiological, genetic or environmental factors and may happen during fruit growth, development and ripening. Moreover, in fleshy fruits, exocarp plays an important role, acting as a mechanical protective barrier, defending against biotic or abiotic factors. Thus, when biochemical properties of the cuticle + epidermis + hypodermis are affected, cracks appear in the fruit skin. The identification of genes involved in development such as cell wall modifications, biosynthesis and transport of cuticular waxes, cuticular membrane deposition and associated transcription factors provides new insights to better understand how fruit cracking is affected by genetic factors. Amongst the major environmental stresses causing cracking are excessive water during fruit development, leading to imbalances in cations such as Ca. This review focus on expression of key genes in these pathways, in their influence in affected fruits and the potential for molecular breeding programs, aiming to develop cultivars more resistant to cracking under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Santos
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Marcos Egea-Cortines
- Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Manuela Matos
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Jiao Y, Sha C, Xie R, Shu Q. Comparative analysis of the potential physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the response to root zone hypoxia in two rootstock seedlings of the Chinese bayberry via transcriptomic analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:11. [PMID: 36542181 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The negative effects of waterlogging can be effectively improved through the use of waterlogging-resistant rootstocks. However, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms of Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra) rootstock tolerance to waterlogging have not yet been investigated. This study aims to unravel the molecular regulation mechanisms underlying waterlogging-tolerant rootstocks. Two rootstocks, Morella cerifera (tolerant) and Morella rubra (sensitive), were selected for root zone hypoxia treatments, assessments of hormone levels and antioxidant enzyme activity, and transcriptomic analysis. While the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) in the roots of M. rubra decreased significantly after root zone hypoxia treatment, there were no significant changes in M. cerifera. Both the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased in M. cerifera but were decreased in M. rubra. Transcriptome sequencing identified 1,925 (928 up- and 997 downregulated) and 733 (278 up- and 455 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two rootstocks. The gene set enrichment analysis showed that 84 gene sets were enriched after root zone hypoxia treatment, including 57 (35 up- and 22 downregulated) and 14 (five up- and nine downregulated) gene sets derived from M. cerifera and M. rubra, respectively, while the remaining 13 gene sets were shared. KEGG pathway analysis showed specific enrichment in six pathways in M. cerifera, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), tyrosine metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, ribosome, cyanoamino acid metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Overall, these results provide preliminary insights into the molecular mechanisms of Chinese bayberry tolerance to waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jiao
- Institute of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Cunlong Sha
- Haishu District Agricultural Technology Management Service Station, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Rangjin Xie
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Shu
- Institute of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo, 315040, China
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Michailidis M, Titeli VS, Karagiannis E, Feidaki K, Ganopoulos I, Tanou G, Argiriou A, Molassiotis A. Tissue-specific transcriptional analysis outlines calcium-induced core metabolic changes in sweet cherry fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:139-152. [PMID: 36087439 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of calcium in fruit ripening has been established, however knowledge regarding the molecular analysis at fruit tissue-level is still lacking. To address this, we examined the impact of foliar-applied calcium (0.5% CaCl2) in the ripening metabolism in skin and flesh tissues of the sweet cherry 'Tragana Edessis' fruit at the harvest stage. Exogenously applied calcium increased endogenous calcium level in flesh tissue and reduced fruit respiration rate and cracking traits. Fruit metabolomic along with transcriptomic analysis unraveled common and tissue-specific metabolic pathways associated with calcium feeding. Treatment with calcium diminished several alcohols (arabitol, sorbitol), sugars (fructose, maltose), acids (glyceric acid, threonic acid) and increased ribose and proline in both fruit tissues. Moreover, numerous primary metabolites, such as proline and galacturonic acid, were differentially accumulated in calcium-exposed tissues. Calcium-affected genes that involved in ubiquitin/ubl conjugation and cell wall biogenesis/degradation were differentially expressed between skin and flesh samples. Notably, skin and flesh tissues shared common calcium-responsive genes and exhibited substantial similarity in their expression patterns. In both tissues, calcium activated gene expression, most strongly those involved in plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signaling and MAPK signaling pathway, thus affecting related metabolic processes. By contrast, calcium depressed the expression of genes related to TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and starch/sucrose metabolism in both tissues. This work established both calcium-driven common and specialized metabolic suites in skin and flesh cherry tissues, demonstrating the utility of this approach to characterize fundamental aspects of calcium in fruit physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Vaia Styliani Titeli
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Feidaki
- Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, P.O. Box 60361, Thessaloniki, GR, 57001, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece; Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece; Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Anagnostis Argiriou
- Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, P.O. Box 60361, Thessaloniki, GR, 57001, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece.
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9
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Physicochemical Characteristics and Nutritional Composition during Fruit Ripening of Akebia trifoliata (Lardizabalaceae). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Akebia trifoliata is a high-value medicinal and edible fruit crop in China, and it has begun to be widely cultivated as a new fruit crop in many areas of China. Its fruits crack longitudinally when fully ripe and should be harvested before fruit cracking. Physicochemical characteristics and nutritional composition of the ripening process are prerequisites to establishing proper harvest maturity windows. In the current study, we have investigated the fruit quality characteristics of two A. trifoliata clonal lines (‘Luqing’ and ‘Luyu’) that were harvested at four time points (S1: 120 days after full bloom (DAFB), S2: 134 DAFB, S3: 148 DAFB, S4: 155 DAFB). An increase in fruit size (fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit diameter) was associated with delayed harvest maturity. The firmness of A. trifoliata fruit exhibited a decreasing trend with delaying the harvest stage. In particular, the firmness decreased sharply from S2 to S3 stage. The TSS, fructose, and glucose content in A. trifoliata fruit continuously increased from the S1 to S4 stage and accumulated sharply from S2 to S3 stage. However, the sucrose and starch content showed an increasing trend from the S1 to S2 stage but declined sharply in the S3 or S4 stage. Ascorbic acid progressively increased with the advancement of A. trifoliata maturity stages, while total phenolics and total flavonoids levels declined with fruit ripening. Considering the results of all quality parameters mentioned above, the A. trifoliata fruit harvested at the S3 maturity stage was the ideal harvest maturity for long-distance transportation and higher consumer acceptability before fruit cracking. Our research reveals the dynamic changes in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional composition during fruit ripening of A. trifoliata. Results in this study reflect the importance of maturity stages for fruit quality and provide basic information for optimal harvest management of A. trifoliata.
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