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Viti A, Panconi G, Guarducci S, Garfagnini S, Mondonico M, Bravi R, Minciacchi D. Modulation of Heart Rate Variability following PAP Ion Magnetic Induction Intervention in Subjects with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3934. [PMID: 36900946 PMCID: PMC10001461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis has emerged as a simple and non-invasive technique to indirectly evaluate the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and it is considered a sensible and advanced index of health status. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are widely used in clinical settings for improving the health status of individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The aim of the present single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel pilot study was to investigate the acute effect of a single session of PEMFs stimulation by a PAP ion magnetic induction (PAPIMI) device on ANS activity, as measured by HRV, in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, and compare such effect with that induced by a sham (control) PAPIMI inductor. Thirty-two patients were randomized into two groups: PAPIMI intervention (PAP) (n = 17) and sham PAPIMI intervention (SHAM-PAP) (n = 15). HRV was assessed before and following the interventions. The PAP group showed a significant increase in all values of the time-domain parameters (SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, and pNN50) and the HF component of HRV, suggesting a parasympathetic effect. In contrast, the SHAM-PAP group showed no significant differences in all HRV indices following the intervention. Preliminary findings suggested that PAPIMI inductor could influence ANS activity and provided initial evidence of the potential physiological response induced by the PAPIMI device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Viti
- Centro Fisioterapico Apuano, Via delle Contrade 242, 55047 Lucca, Italy
| | - Giulia Panconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Guarducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Mosè Mondonico
- Centro Fisioterapico Apuano, Via delle Contrade 242, 55047 Lucca, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bravi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Diego Minciacchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Storari M, Zerman N, Salis B, Spinas E. Chronic Facial Pain in Fibromyalgia: May ElectroMagnetic Field Represent a Promising New Therapy? A Pilot Randomized-Controlled Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:391. [PMID: 36612711 PMCID: PMC9819752 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgic Syndrome is an important public health burden and affects up to 5% of the world population. It requires a complex treatment plan, possibly including antidepressants, anticonvulsants and benzodiazepines, which may in turn affect the patients' quality of life: hence the need to find additional therapies. The current pilot randomized-controlled study analyzes the effect of electromagnetic field locally administered as add-on therapy in the treatment of cervico-facial pain in patients with fibromyalgic syndrome. 17 patients were selected and low-frequency electromagnetic field was applied via small patches worn in the neck area, between vertebrae C3-C4. Patients were divided into 2 groups, Treated, receiving the therapy, and Placebo, receiving an identical device which was not working,, with respectively 8 and 9 patients. The whole follow up period was 12 months and facial/cervical pain levels were rated using VAS scale. Significant differences were found between patients who received placebo and those treated. Treated patients showed statistically significant improvements in facial/cervical pain at each time-point, both with respect to the previous one and if compared to placebo. In conclusion, low frequency electromagnetic field emerged as beneficial in treating cervico-facial pain in patients with Fibromyalgic syndrome, with no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Storari
- Department of Surgical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zerman
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Benedetta Salis
- Department of Surgical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Spinas
- Department of Surgical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Markovic L, Wagner B, Crevenna R. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on outcomes associated with osteoarthritis : A systematic review of systematic reviews. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2022; 134:425-433. [PMID: 35362792 PMCID: PMC9213303 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of multiple joints with a rising prevalence. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy may provide a cost-effective, noninvasive, and safe therapeutic modality with growing popularity and use in physical medicine and rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the current knowledge on the use of PEMF in OA. Methods A systematic review of systematic reviews was performed. The PubMed, Embase, PEDro and Web of Science databases were searched based on a predetermined protocol. Results Overall, 69 studies were identified. After removing the duplicates and then screening title, abstract and full text, 10 studies were included in the final analysis. All studies focused on knee OA, and four studies also reported on cervical, two on hand, and one on ankle OA. In terms of the level of evidence and bias, most studies were of low or medium quality. Most concurrence was observed for pain reduction, with other endpoints such as stiffness or physical function showing a greater variability in outcomes. Conclusion The PEMF therapy appears to be effective in the short term to relieve pain and improve function in patients with OA. The existing studies used very heterogeneous treatment schemes, mostly with low sample sizes and suboptimal study designs, from which no sufficient proof of efficacy can be derived. A catalogue of measures to improve the quality of future studies has been drawn up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Markovic
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Storari M, Zerman N, Spinas E. Local Administration of ElectroMagnetic Field as Add-On Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Facial Pain: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074123. [PMID: 35409806 PMCID: PMC8998600 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgic syndrome and orofacial neuropathic pain are major public health concerns affecting up to 5% and 10%, respectively, of the general population. They generally require medications such as antidepressants and anticonvulsants, which may additionally impact the quality of life with their side effects. Modern technologies and related applications have changed several fields of human life, even in medicine. In the current study, the local administration of electromagnetic fields as add-on therapy for the treatment of cervical and facial pain in patients with fibromyalgia or neuropathic pain has been evaluated. A total of 15 patients were recruited, and an electromagnetic field was delivered through a small patch applied between C3 and C4. Patients were followed for 12 months, and pain levels were rated via the VAS scale; ∆% was calculated through the analysis of median VAS scale values at each time point. Mild-to-moderate improvements were found, especially after six months. Patients with fibromyalgic syndrome showed better response rates than those with orofacial neuropathic pain. Joint stiffness, masticatory fatigue, and sleep disturbances were also reduced. In conclusion, the local application of electromagnetic field appeared effective in treating fibromyalgic and neuropathic pain in the head and neck district, with broader improvements and no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Storari
- Department of Surgical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Zerman
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy;
| | - Enrico Spinas
- Department of Surgical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-330412295
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Wagner B, Steiner M, Markovic L, Crevenna R. Successful application of pulsed electromagnetic fields in a patient with post-COVID-19 fatigue: a case report. Wien Med Wochenschr 2022; 172:227-232. [PMID: 35006516 PMCID: PMC8743351 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-021-00901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Post-COVID-19 fatigue is a frequent symptom in COVID-19 survivors, which substantially limits patients to achieve full recovery and potentially restrains return to work. The previous literature has not yet reported the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields in this indication. Methods Over the course of 5 weeks, 10 sessions of pulsed electromagnetic field treatment with a high magnetic flux density were applied to a patient suffering from post-COVID-19 fatigue syndrome. Fatigue, work ability, quality of life as well as anxiety, depression, stress level, and resilience were evaluated using validated patient-reported outcome measures. Results Fatigue, work ability, quality of life, and psychological well-being improved clearly over the course of the treatment and showed stable results 6 weeks later. Conclusion The use of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy with a device that allows sufficient penetration of the body tissue might be a promising physical modality to manage post-COVID-19 fatigue syndrome, which could reduce clinical and economic health consequences. Clinical sham-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields in this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Steiner
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lovro Markovic
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Effects of BEMER® physical vascular therapy in horses under training. A randomized, controlled double blind study. Res Vet Sci 2022; 144:108-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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de Teresa C, Varela-López A, Rios-Álvarez S, Gálvez R, Maire C, Gracia-Villar S, Battino M, Quiles JL. Evaluation of the Analgesic Efficacy of a Bioelectronic Device in Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain with Neuropathic Component. A Randomized Trial. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081781. [PMID: 33923872 PMCID: PMC8072836 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low energy pulsed electromagnetic signals (PEMS) therapy, in the field of bioelectronics, has been suggested as a promising analgesic therapy with special interest in treating conditions with poor response to pharmacotherapy. This study evaluated the effectiveness of PEMS therapy on the treatment of chronic low back pain patients with a neuropathic component. A group of 64 individuals with such condition was allocated to a 2-week treatment period (10 twenty-minute sessions on consecutive days) with an active PEMS therapy device or an inactive device in random order. The pain was assessed on a visual analog scale, and the functional status was assessed using the SF-12 questionnaire. The visual analog scale scores were lower after treatment than at baseline but only in the group treated with the active device. According to the DN4 score, neuropathic pain decreased in both experimental groups with respect to baseline, but this was only significant for the group treated with the active device. Similarly, an improvement in the SF-12 and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) sleep scale components was reported. The study demonstrated that low-energy PEMS therapy was efficient in reducing pain and improving function in chronic low back pain patients with a neuropathic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de Teresa
- Functional and Sports Medicine Service, Quirónsalud Hospital, 29004 Malaga, Spain; (C.d.T.); (S.R.-Á.)
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n., 24560 Granada, Spain;
| | - Susana Rios-Álvarez
- Functional and Sports Medicine Service, Quirónsalud Hospital, 29004 Malaga, Spain; (C.d.T.); (S.R.-Á.)
| | - Rafael Gálvez
- Pain Universitario Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain; (R.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Coralie Maire
- Pain Universitario Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain; (R.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Santos Gracia-Villar
- Research Center for Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Research Center for Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - José L. Quiles
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n., 24560 Granada, Spain;
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Hu H, Yang W, Zeng Q, Chen W, Zhu Y, Liu W, Wang S, Wang B, Shao Z, Zhang Y. Promising application of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) in musculoskeletal disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110767. [PMID: 33152929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that an exogenous electromagnetic field might be involved in many biologic processes which are of great importance for therapeutic interventions. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are known to be a noninvasive, safe and effective therapy agent without apparent side effects. Numerous studies have shown that PEMFs possess the potential to become a stand-alone or adjunctive treatment modality for treating musculoskeletal disorders. However, several issues remain unresolved. Prior to their widely clinical application, further researches from well-designed, high-quality studies are still required to standardize the treatment parameters and derive the optimal protocol for health-care decision making. In this review, we aim to provide current evidence on the mechanism of action, clinical applications, and controversies of PEMFs in musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Qianwen Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - YanBin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shangyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Baichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
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Paolucci T, Pezzi L, Centra AM, Giannandrea N, Bellomo RG, Saggini R. Electromagnetic Field Therapy: A Rehabilitative Perspective in the Management of Musculoskeletal Pain - A Systematic Review. J Pain Res 2020; 13:1385-1400. [PMID: 32606905 PMCID: PMC7297361 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s231778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) provide a non-invasive, safe, and easy method to treat pain with respect to musculoskeletal diseases. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the use of electromagnetic therapy in the rehabilitation field by investigating the efficacy in acute and chronic pain in the musculoskeletal disorders. A database search was conducted using the following resources: PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, SCOPUS, and WoS. The following MESH terms were used: [Electromagnetic field AND/OR Rehabilitation], [Electromagnetic field AND/OR Pain], [Pulsed Magnetic field AND/OR Rehabilitation] and [Pulsed Magnetic field AND/OR Pain], [Pulsed Electromagnetic field AND/OR Rehabilitation] and [Pulsed Electromagnetic field AND/OR Pain], per the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. Articles published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018 were included as assessment of musculoskeletal pain conditions, randomized clinical trial including crossover and prospective design studies, full English text available, population age > 18 years; instead were excluded neurological randomized clinical trials, transcranial magnetic stimulation application, neuropathic pain, animal/in vitro studies, and articles without English abstract or English full text. Three independent investigators (AMC, NG, and LP) retrieved all the information. Twenty-one RTC (N=21) were considered for the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed as pulsed magnetic fields at low intensity and frequency (from 1 Hz up to 100 Hz) are commonly used with efficacy in resolving musculoskeletal pain. EMFs therapy is a well tolerated, effective with no negative side effects, which can be integrated with rehabilitation for the treatment of chronic and acute pain in musculoskeletal diseases, but further studies are needed to examine the use of more standardized protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Paolucci
- Department of Medical Oral Sciences and Biotechnology (DiSmob), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Letizia Pezzi
- Department of Medical Oral Sciences and Biotechnology (DiSmob), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonello Marco Centra
- Department of Medical Oral Sciences and Biotechnology (DiSmob), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Niki Giannandrea
- Department of Medical Oral Sciences and Biotechnology (DiSmob), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Grazia Bellomo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Study of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Raoul Saggini
- Department of Medical Oral Sciences and Biotechnology (DiSmob), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Sun J, Kwan RLC, Zheng Y, Cheing GLY. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on peripheral blood circulation in people with diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:290-7. [PMID: 27227568 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous blood flow provides nourishment that plays an essential role in maintaining skin health. We examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on cutaneous circulation of dorsal feet. Twenty-two patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 21 healthy control subjects were randomly allocated to receive either PEMFs or sham PEMFs (0.5 mT, 12 Hz, 30 min). Blood flow velocity and diameter of the small vein were examined by using ultrasound biomicroscopy; also, microcirculation at skin over the base of the 1st metatarsal bone (Flux1) and distal 1st phalange (Flux2) was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry before and after intervention. Results indicated that PEMFs produced significantly greater changes in blood flow velocity of the smallest observable vein than did sham PEMFs (both P < 0.05) in both types of subjects. However, no significant difference was found in changes of vein diameter, nor in Flux1 and Flux2, between PEMFs and sham PEMFs groups in subjects with or without DM. We hypothesized that PEMFs would increase blood flow velocity of the smallest observable vein in people with or without DM. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:290-297, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Rachel Lai-Chu Kwan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yongping Zheng
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Gladys Lai-Ying Cheing
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Araújo ARD, Soares VPC, Silva FSD, Moreira TDS. Radiofrequency for the treatment of skin laxity: mith or truth. An Bras Dermatol 2016; 90:707-21. [PMID: 26560216 PMCID: PMC4631236 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonablative radiofrequency is a procedure commonly used for the treatment of skin
laxity from an increase in tissue temperature. The goal is to induce thermal damage
to thus stimulate neocollagenesis in deep layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
However, many of these devices haven't been tested and their parameters are still not
accepted by the scientific community. Because of this, it is necessary to review the
literature regarding the physiological effects and parameters for application of
radiofrequency and methodological quality and level of evidence of studies. A
literature search was performed in MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO, PubMed, LILACS and CAPES
and experimental studies in humans, which used radiofrequency devices as treatment
for facial or body laxity, were selected. The results showed that the main
physiological effect is to stimulate collagen synthesis. There was no homogeneity
between studies in relation to most of the parameters used and the methodological
quality of studies and level of evidence for using radiofrequency are low. This fact
complicates the determination of effective parameters for clinical use of this device
in the treatment of skin laxity. The analyzed studies suggest that radiofrequency is
effective, however the physiological mechanisms and the required parameters are not
clear in the literature.
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Beaulieu K, Beland P, Pinard M, Handfield G, Handfield N, Goffaux P, Corriveau H, Léonard G. Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on experimental pain: A double-blind, randomized study in healthy young adults. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 35:237-44. [PMID: 27014804 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2015.1075409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy can decrease pain. To date, however, it remains difficult to determine whether the analgesic effect observed in patients are attributable to a direct effect of PEMF on pain or to an indirect effect of PEMF on inflammation and healing. In the present study, we used an experimental pain paradigm to evaluate the direct effect of PEMF on pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, and temporal summation of pain. Twenty-four healthy subjects (mean age 22 ± 2 years; 9 males) participated in the experiment. Both real and sham PEMF were administered to every participant using a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. For each visit, PEMF was applied for 10 minutes on the right forearm using a portable device. Experimental pain was evoked before (baseline) and after PEMF with a 9 cm(2) Pelletier-type thermode, applied on the right forearm (120 s stimulation; temperature individually adjusted to produce moderate baseline pain). Pain intensity and unpleasantness were evaluated using a 0-100 numerical pain rating scale. Temporal summation was evaluated by comparing pain intensity ratings obtained at the end of tonic nociceptive stimulation (120 s) with pain intensity ratings obtained after 60 s of stimulation. When compared to baseline, there was no change in pain intensity and unpleasantness following the application of real or sham PEMF. PEMF did not affect temporal summation. The present observations suggest that PEMF does not directly influence heat pain perception in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Beaulieu
- a École de réadaptation de l'Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada.,b Clinique de physiothérapie Physio Atlas , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - Patricia Beland
- a École de réadaptation de l'Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - Marilee Pinard
- a École de réadaptation de l'Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - Guilène Handfield
- c Centre et services de conditionnement cellulaires , Beloeil , Canada
| | - Nicole Handfield
- c Centre et services de conditionnement cellulaires , Beloeil , Canada
| | - Philippe Goffaux
- a École de réadaptation de l'Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada.,d Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - Hélène Corriveau
- a École de réadaptation de l'Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada.,e Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement , Centre de santé et de services sociaux - Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - Guillaume Léonard
- a École de réadaptation de l'Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada.,b Clinique de physiothérapie Physio Atlas , Sherbrooke , Canada.,e Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement , Centre de santé et de services sociaux - Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
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Wang W, Li W, Song M, Wei S, Liu C, Yang Y, Wu H. Effects of electromagnetic fields on the metabolism of lubricin of rat chondrocytes. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 57:152-60. [PMID: 26631347 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can improve pain, stiffness and physical function in osteoarthritis (OA) patients and have been proposed for the treatment of OA. However, the precise mechanisms involved in this process are still not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of exposure for different durations with 75 Hz, 2.3 mT sinusoidal EMFs (SEMFs) on the metabolism of lubricin of rat chondrocytes cultured in vitro. Our results showed that SEMFs exposure promoted lubricin synthesis in a time-dependent manner, and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was also enhanced after SEMFs treatment. The up-regulation effect of the expression of lubricin under SEMF was partly reduced by SB431542, an inhibitor of TGF-RI kinase. The Smad pathway was also investigated in our study. Smad2 synthesis was higher in EMF-exposed condition than in controls, whereas no effects were observed on inhibitory Smads (Smad6 and Smad7) production. Altogether, these data suggest that SEMF exposure can promote lubricin synthesis of rat chondrocytes in a time-dependent manner and that the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway plays a partial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,b Department of Orthopedics, WuHan Orthopedics Hospital/Puai Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Wenkai Li
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Mingyu Song
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Sheng Wei
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Yong Yang
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Hua Wu
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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Lu H, Zheng C, Wang Z, Chen C, Chen H, Hu J. Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on new trabecular bone during bone-tendon junction healing in a rabbit model: a synchrotron radiation micro-CT study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124724. [PMID: 25874957 PMCID: PMC4398446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone regeneration during the bone-tendon junction healing process and to explore the application of synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography in three dimensional visualization of the bone-tendon junction to evaluate the microarchitecture of new trabecular bone. Twenty four mature New Zealand rabbits underwent partial patellectomy to establish a bone-tendon junction injury model at the patella-patellar tendon complex. Animals were then divided into low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment (20 min/day, 7 times/week) and placebo control groups, and were euthanized at week 8 and 16 postoperatively (n = 6 for each group and time point). The patella-patellar tendon specimens were harvested for radiographic, histological and synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography detection. The area of the newly formed bone in the ultrasound group was significantly greater than that of control group at postoperative week 8 and 16. The high resolution three dimensional visualization images of the bone-tendon junction were acquired by synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment promoted dense and irregular woven bone formation at week 8 with greater bone volume fraction, number and thickness of new trabecular bone but with lower separation. At week 16, ultrasound group specimens contained mature lamellar bone with higher bone volume fraction and thicker trabeculae than that of control group; however, there was no significant difference in separation and number of the new trabecular bone. This study confirms that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment is able to promote bone formation and remodeling of new trabecular bone during the bone-tendon junction healing process in a rabbit model, and the synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography could be applied for three dimensional visualization to quantitatively evaluate the microarchitecture of new bone in bone-tendon junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanwen Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huabin Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hu J, Zhang T, Xu D, Qu J, Qin L, Zhou J, Lu H. Combined magnetic fields accelerate bone‐tendon junction injury healing through osteogenesis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:398-405. [PMID: 24845774 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Department of Spine Surgery Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - T. Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Department of Spine Surgery Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - D. Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - J. Qu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Department of Spine Surgery Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - L. Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - J. Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - H. Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
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Kanat E, Alp A, Yurtkuran M. Magnetotherapy in hand osteoarthritis: a pilot trial. Complement Ther Med 2013; 21:603-8. [PMID: 24280467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of magnetotherapy in the treatment of hand osteoarthritis (HO). METHODS In this randomized controlled single-blind follow-up study, patients with HO were randomly assigned into 2 groups (G1 and G2). The subjects in G1 (n=25) received 25Hz, 450 pulse/s, 5-80G, magnetotherapy of totally 10 days and 20 min/day combined with active range of motion/strengthening exercises for the hand. G2 (n=25) received sham-magnetotherapy for 20 min/day for the same duration combined with the same hand exercises. Outcome measures were pain and joint stiffness evaluation, handgrip and pinchgrip strength (HPS), Duruöz and Auscan Hand Osteoarthritis Indexes (DAOI) and Short Form-36 Health Questionnaire (SF-36) administered at baseline, immediately after treatment and at the follow up. RESULTS When the groups were compared with each other, improvement observed in SF-36 Pain (p<0.001), SF-36 Social Function (p=0.030), SF-36 Vitality (p=0.002), SF-36 General Health (p=0.001), Pain at rest (p<0.001), Pain at motion (p<0.001), Joint stiffness (p<0.001), DAOI (p<0.001) were in favor of G1. CONCLUSIONS Changes in pain, function and quality of life scores showed significant advantage in favor of the applied electromagnetic intervention in patients with HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Kanat
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Rentıp Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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Low Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Affects Proliferation, Tissue-Specific Gene Expression, and Cytokines Release of Human Tendon Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 66:697-708. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Giusti A, Giovale M, Ponte M, Fratoni F, Tortorolo U, De Vincentiis A, Bianchi G. Short-term effect of low-intensity, pulsed, electromagnetic fields on gait characteristics in older adults with low bone mineral density: A pilot randomized-controlled trial. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 13:393-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hug K, Röösli M. Therapeutic effects of whole-body devices applying pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF): a systematic literature review. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 33:95-105. [PMID: 21938735 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) delivered by whole-body mats are promoted in many countries for a wide range of therapeutic applications and for enhanced well-being. However, neither the therapeutic efficacy nor the potential health hazards caused by these mats have been systematically evaluated. We conducted a systematic review of trials investigating the therapeutic effects of low-frequency PEMF devices. We were interested in all health outcomes addressed so far in randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trials. In total, 11 trials were identified. They were focused on osteoarthritis of the knee (3 trials) or the cervical spine (1), fibromyalgia (1), pain perception (2), skin ulcer healing (1), multiple sclerosis-related fatigue (2), or heart rate variability and well-being (1). The sample sizes of the trials ranged from 12 to 71 individuals. The observation period lasted 12 weeks at maximum, and the applied magnetic flux densities ranged from 3.4 to 200 µT. In some trials sporadic positive effects on health were observed. However, independent confirmation of such singular findings was lacking. We conclude that the scientific evidence for therapeutic effects of whole-body PEMF devices is insufficient. Acute adverse effects have not been reported. However, adverse effects occurring after long-term application have not been studied so far. In summary, the therapeutic use of low-frequency whole-body PEMF devices cannot be recommended without more scientific evidence from high-quality, double-blind trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hug
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Patruno A, Amerio P, Pesce M, Vianale G, Di Luzio S, Tulli A, Franceschelli S, Grilli A, Muraro R, Reale M. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields modulate expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCat: potential therapeutic effects in wound healing. Br J Dermatol 2009; 162:258-66. [PMID: 19799606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) are known to produce a variety of biological effects. Clinical studies are ongoing using EMF in healing of bone fractures and skin wounds. However, little is known about the mechanisms of action of ELF-EMF. Several studies have demonstrated that expression and regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are vital for wound healing; however, no reports have demonstrated a direct action of ELF-EMF in the modulation of these inflammatory molecules in human keratinocytes. OBJECTIVES The present study analysed the effect of ELF-EMF on the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT in order to assess the mechanisms of action of ELF-EMF and to provide further support for their therapeutic use in wound healing. METHODS Exposed HaCaT cells were compared with unexposed control cells. At different exposure times, expression of inducible NOS (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and COX-2 was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Modulation of iNOS and eNOS was monitored by evaluation of NOS activities, production of nitric oxide (NO) and O(2)(-) and expression of activator protein 1 (AP-1). In addition, catalase activity and prostaglandin (PG) E(2) production were determined. Effects of ELF-EMF on cell growth and viability were monitored. RESULTS The exposure of HaCaT cells to ELF-EMF increased iNOS and eNOS expression levels. These ELF-EMF-dependent increased expression levels were paralled by increased NOS activities, and increased NO production. In addition, higher levels of AP-1 expression as well as a higher cell proliferation rate were associated with ELF-EMF exposure. In contrast, ELF-EMF decreased COX-2 expression, PGE(2) production, catalase activity and O(2)(-) production. CONCLUSIONS Mediators of inflammation, such as reactive nitrogen and PGE(2), and keratinocyte proliferation are critical for the tissue regenerative processes. The ability of ELF-EMF to upmodulate NOS activities, thus nitrogen intermediates, as well as cell proliferation, and to downregulate COX-2 expression and the downstream intermediate PGE(2), highlights the potential therapeutic role of ELF-EMF in wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patruno
- Department of Drug Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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