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Liu Y, Wei X, Wang L, Yang Y, Xu L, Sun T, Yang L, Cai S, Liu X, Qin Z, Bin L, Sun S, Lu Y, Cui J, Liu Z, Wu J. Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for frequent premature ventricular complexes: rationale and design of the TASC-V trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:288. [PMID: 39075454 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) are very common in clinical practice, with frequent PVCs (more than 30 beats per hour) or polymorphic PVCs significantly increasing the risk of mortality. Previous studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation improves ventricular arrhythmias. Stimulation of the auricular distribution of the vagus nerve has proven to be a simple, safe, and effective method to activate the vagus nerve. Transcutaneous au ricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has shown promise in both clinical and experimental setting for PVCs; however, high-quality clinical studies are lacking, resulting in insufficient evidence of efficacy. METHODS The study is a prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled trial with a 1:1 ratio between the two groups. Patients will be randomized to either the treatment group (taVNS) or the control group (Sham-taVNS) with a 6-week treatment and a subsequent 12-week follow-up period. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with a ≥ 50% reduction in the number of PVCs monitored by 24-hour Holter. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of patients with a ≥ 75% reduction in PVCs, as well as the changes in premature ventricular beats, total heartbeats, and supraventricular premature beats recorded by 24-hour Holter. Additional assessments compared score changes in PVCs-related symptoms, as well as the score change of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). DISCUSSION The TASC-V trial will help to reveal the efficacy and safety of taVNS for frequent PVCs, offering new clinical evidence for the clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04415203 (Registration Date: May 30, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Xinyao Wei
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital, Beijing, 102199, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital, Beijing, 102199, China
| | - Liya Xu
- Beijing Longfu Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Tianheng Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital, Beijing, 102199, China
| | - Song Cai
- Beijing Longfu Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zongshi Qin
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lulu Bin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shaoxin Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jiaming Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhishun Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jiani Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Descamps E, Boussac M, Joineau K, Payoux P. Changes of cerebral functional connectivity induced by foot reflexology in a RCT. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17139. [PMID: 37816799 PMCID: PMC10564852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Pharmacological Interventions (NPIs) are increasingly being introduced into healthcare, but their mechanisms are unclear. In this study, 30 healthy participants received foot reflexology (FR) and sham massage, and went through a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to evaluate NPIs effect on brain. Rs-fMRI revealed an effect of both NPIs on functional connectivity with changes occurring in the default-mode network, the sensorimotor network and a Neural Network Correlates of Pain (NNCP-a newly discovered network showing great robustness). Even if no differences were found between FR and SM, this study allowed to report brain biomarkers of well-being as well as the safety of NPIs. In further research, it could be relevant to study it in patients to look for a true reflexology induced-effect dependent of patient reported outcomes. Overall, these findings enrich the understanding of the neural correlates of well-being experienced with NPIs and provided insight into the basis of the mechanisms of NPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Descamps
- Inserm Unité ToNIC, UMR 1214, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024, Toulouse CEDEX 3, France.
- CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Mathilde Boussac
- Inserm Unité ToNIC, UMR 1214, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024, Toulouse CEDEX 3, France.
| | - Karel Joineau
- Inserm Unité ToNIC, UMR 1214, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024, Toulouse CEDEX 3, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Inserm Unité ToNIC, UMR 1214, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024, Toulouse CEDEX 3, France
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Whatley J, Perkins J, Samuel C. ‘Reflexology: Exploring the mechanism of action’. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 48:101606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kapıkıran G, Özkan M. The effect of foot reflexology on pain, comfort and beta endorphin levels in patients with liver transplantation: A randomized control trial. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sayari S, Nobahar M, Ghorbani R. Effect of foot reflexology on chest pain and anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A double blind randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 42:101296. [PMID: 33348306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot reflexology on chest pain and anxiety in patients with AMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a double blind randomized clinical trial. Stratified random sampling was carried out on 90 patients with AMI in the three groups of treatment, placebo and control. Foot reflexology was done for three consecutive days, each time for 20 min. Chest pain and anxiety were evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale before, immediately and 20 min later. RESULTS 20 min after the intervention, severity of chest pain in treatment group was significantly lower than control group (p < 0.001) and placebo group (p = 0.002). Severity of anxiety between groups and at different times was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Foot reflexology was effective in attenuating chest pain, had the most effect in 20 min after intervention, and can be used to relieve chest pain in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Sayari
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Monir Nobahar
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Raheb Ghorbani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Smith TA, Thurgood SL. A pragmatic case series of clients living with medically diagnosed migraines self-referred to reflexology. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 41:101230. [PMID: 33007655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Migraine affects approximately 2% of the population of the UK with around 190,000 people experiencing a migraine daily. This study investigated the effectiveness of reflexology on migraine symptoms provided under pragmatic, personally funded conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was gathered on a case series of 20 reflexology clients with medically diagnosed migraine. All participants self-referred to a member of the Association of Reflexologists (AoR). The Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP) was completed at each appointment. All participants received six reflexology sessions. RESULTS In terms of an improvement in the overall MYMOP profile, 75% (n = 15) of clients had an improvement of two or more points. The minimal clinically important difference for the MYMOP change score is 1.0; this was achieved by 90% (n = 18) of participants. The mean difference in scores for each of the MYMOP aspects was calculated and the greatest improvement was found with symptom 1, their chosen primary symptom, which changed an average of 3.40 points (95% CI: 2.35, 4.45.) CONCLUSION: The results indicate the potential for reflexology to relieve the symptoms of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Smith
- Tracey A Smith, Association of Reflexology, Victoria House, Victoria Street, Taunton, Somerset, TA1 3FA, UK.
| | - Sarah L Thurgood
- Kaplan Open Learning, Westgate, 6 Grace Street, Leeds, LS1 2RP, UK
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Al Qahtani AM, Ahmed HM. The Effect of Educational Program for New Mothers about Infant Abdominal Massage and Foot Reflexology for Decreasing Colic at Najran City. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2020; 44:63-78. [PMID: 32213142 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2020.1740827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As part of an emerging movement in complementary therapy, the practice of infant foot reflexology and abdominal massage is gaining widespread acceptance as a therapeutic approach to the relief of infantile colic. The objective of the current research is to offer an evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and practice amongst new mothers in relation to infant massage and reflexology. Specifically, the intention is to apply any insights gained to the establishment of appropriate educational programmes in line with the requirements of new mothers. This is to be achieved through the appraisal of any perceived improvements in the knowledge, attitudes and practices of new mothers following the completion of any programme. A quasi-experimental design is adopted in this research and applied in the setting of the outpatient clinic at the University Hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. A convenience sample, comprising sixty-two new mothers, all of whom have infants ranging in age from one month to four months. All the infants experience colic. The first instrument employed in this research comprises a structured interview wherein interviewees are presented with a two-part sheet. Section one is devoted to the obtaining of socio-demographic data regarding the mothers and the infants, whilst section two consists of a questionnaire devoted to gauging the level of knowledge of new mothers. The second research instrument is an observation checklist aimed at evaluating the practical skills of new mothers, whereas the third research tool employed in this study is a Likert scale which judges the attitudes of new mothers toward foot reflexology and abdominal massage. The findings of the research reveal that most new mothers demonstrated improvements to their attitudes, knowledge, and practice following the programme. Specifically, there was found to be statistically significant correlation between the age, educational level, and work experience of new mothers and their scores for attitudes, knowledge, and practices. Hence, it was possible to conclude that educational programmes for new mothers can augment their knowledge, refine their practices and improve their attitudes in respect of abdominal massage and foot reflexology as a means of treating colic in infants. Thus, the authors recommend that educational programmes constitute a significant means by which abdominal massage and foot reflexology can be promoted as a therapy for the treatment of colic.
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Esmel-Esmel N, Tomás-Esmel E, Aparicio Rollan Y, Pérez Cáceres I, Montes-Muñoz MJ, Jimenez-Herrera M. Exploring the body through reflexology: Physical behaviors observed during application. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2016; 25:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reflexology on pain intensity in patients with fibromyalgia, using an experimental repeated-measures design, and a convenience sample of 30 fibromyalgia inpatients. Thirty patients aged 18 to 70 years with fibromyalgia and hospitalized in the algology clinic were taken as a convenience sample. Patients received a total of 12 60-minute sessions of reflexology over a period of 6 consecutive weeks. Reflexology was carried out bilaterally on the hands and feet of patients at the reflex points relating to their pain at a suitable intensity and angle. Subjects had pain scores taken immediately before the intervention (0 minute), and at the 60th minute of the intervention. Data were collected over a 10-month period in 2012. The patients' mean pain intensity scores were reduced by reflexology, and this decrease improved progressively in the first and sixth weeks of the intervention, indicating a cumulative dose effect. The results of this study implied that the inclusion of reflexology in the routine care of patients with fibromyalgia could provide nurses with an effective practice for reducing pain intensity in these patients.
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McVicar A, Greenwood C, Ellis C, LeForis C. Influence of Study Design on Outcomes Following Reflexology Massage: An Integrative and Critical Review of Interventional Studies. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22:739-50. [PMID: 27463943 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpretation of the efficacy of reflexology is hindered by inconsistent research designs and complicated by professional views that criteria of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)are not ideal to research holistic complementary and alternative medicine practice. The influence of research designs on study outcomes is not known. This integrative review sought to evaluate this possibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-seven interventional studies (2000-2014) were identified; they had RCT or non-RCT design and compared reflexology outcomes against a control/comparison group. Viability of integrating RCT and non-RCT studies into a single database was first evaluated by appraisal of 16 reporting fields related to study setting and objectives, sample demographics, methodologic design, and treatment fidelity and assessment against Jadad score quality criteria for RCTs. For appraisal, the database was stratified into RCT/non-RCT or Jadad score of 3 or more or less than 3. Deficits in reporting were identified for blind assignment of participants, dropout/completion rate, and School of Reflexology. For comparison purposes, these fields were excluded from subsequent analysis for evidence of association between design fields and of fields with study outcomes. RESULTS Thirty-one studies applied psychometric tools and 20 applied biometric tools (14 applied both). A total of 116 measures were used. Type of measure was associated with study objectives (p < 0.001; chi-square), in particular of psychometric measures with a collated "behavioral/cognitive" objective. Significant outcomes were more likely (p < 0.001; chi-square) for psychometric than for biometric measures. Neither type of outcome was associated with choice of RCT or non-RCT method, but psychometric responses were associated (p = 0.007) with a nonmassage control strategy. CONCLUSIONS The review supports psychometric responses to reflexology when study design uses a nonmassage control strategy. Findings suggest that an evaluation of outcomes against sham reflexology massage and other forms of massage, as well as a narrower focus of study objective, may clarify whether there is a relationship between study design and efficacy of reflexology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McVicar
- 1 Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Greenwood
- 2 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Ellis
- 2 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Chantelle LeForis
- 1 Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom
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Koç T, Gözen D. The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Acute Pain in Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Koç
- Istanbul University; Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Pediatric Nursing Department; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Duygu Gözen
- Istanbul University, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing; Pediatric Nursing Department; Istanbul Turkey
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