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Zhu C, Arunogiri S, Li Q, Thomas EHX, Gurvich C. Cognitive Training During Midlife: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s11065-024-09649-z. [PMID: 39235660 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-024-09649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Midlife has been suggested to be a crucial time to introduce interventions for improving cognitive functions. The effects of cognitive training (CT) in healthy middle-aged populations and more specifically during the menopausal transition have not been systematically investigated. To investigate the effects of CT on cognition in healthy middle-aged adults and specifically in females during the menopause transition, literature was searched inception to July 2023 and studies were included that examined the effects of CT on a defined cognitive outcome. The improvement on cognitive performance following CT was the main outcome measured as mean difference (from baseline to immediate post) estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) in meta-analysis and was discussed with the support of subgroup analysis based on outcome type (i.e., far or near-transfer) and cluster tabulations. Nineteen articles were included in the qualitative synthesis with a total of 7765 individuals, and eight articles were included in the meta-analyses. CT was categorized into six type clusters: Game-based CT, General CT, Speed of Processing Training, Working Memory Training, Strategy-based CT, and Cognitive Remediation. Cognitive outcome was divided into six clusters: working memory, verbal memory, language, executive function, attention/processing speed, and visual memory. Meta-analysis reported significant improvement in the domain of executive function (0.48, 95% CI 0.08-0.87), verbal memory (0.22, 95% CI 0.11-0.33), and working memory (0.16, 95% CI 0.05-0.26). CT confers benefits on various cognitive domains, suggesting a potential role of CT to promote optimal cognitive functioning in the midlife and specifically in women during the menopause transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- HER Centre Australia, Department of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shalini Arunogiri
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Turning Point, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qi Li
- HER Centre Australia, Department of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H X Thomas
- HER Centre Australia, Department of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline Gurvich
- HER Centre Australia, Department of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Budhi RB, Singh D. The Influence of Kapalabhati on Working Memory and Phasic Heart Rate Variability. Cureus 2024; 16:e61027. [PMID: 38915978 PMCID: PMC11194464 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive communication abilities, such as working memory (WM), are vital for accomplishing daily activities and are also important for higher-order processes such as planning and problem-solving. The current study investigates the simultaneous effect of kapalabhati (KBH) on WM and phasic heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS Twenty participants who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with an average age of 23.65±3.07 years (mean±SD), were recruited for the study. Prior to data collection, the participants underwent a seven-day orientation to maintain uniformity in KBH practice. EKGs were assessed using a 16-channel polygraph system arranged in a standard limb lead II configuration. WM was assessed using E-Prime version 2.0 (Psychology Software Tools, Sharpsburg, PA, USA). RESULTS There was a significant increase in accuracy after the immediate KBH practice in all three conditions of the WM task (i.e., n-back task: 0-back, 1-back, and 2-back). However, there was also an increase in reaction time. Repeated measures ANOVA of HRV measures showed statistically significant changes in mean rhythm-to-rhythm (RR) intervals, heart rate (HR), number of adjacent N-N intervals over 50 milliseconds (NN50), percentage of successive normal sinus RR intervals greater than 50 milliseconds (pNN50 RR), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF), with HR, NN50, pNN50, LF, and HF all significant at p<0.001 and the LF/HF ratio significant at the p<0.01 level. CONCLUSION The results of the current study suggest that KBH practice can modulate vagal tone or parasympathetic activity and improve WM performance. Furthermore, the parasympathetic shift found in the present study may promote better cardioprotective health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana B Budhi
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Deepeshwar Singh
- Department of Yoga, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, IND
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Veneziano M, Piazza MF, Palummeri E, Paganino C, Andreoli GB, Amicizia D, Ansaldi F. A Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Training for Cognitively Preserved Adults in Liguria, Italy. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:393. [PMID: 38338278 PMCID: PMC10855271 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of memory training on cognitive function and depressive symptoms in a cohort of 794 healthy adults aged 50 years or older. Participants were divided into an active intervention group and a passive intervention group, with various cognitive measures assessed over a one-year period. Univariate analysis revealed that the active intervention group consistently outperformed the passive group in measures of memory self-perception (Memory Complaint Questionnaire-MACQ), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale-GDS-4), verbal memory and recall ability (A3LP), and verbal fluency (VF). Significant differences in MACQ scores were observed between the two groups at all time points, indicating enhanced memory self-perception in the active group. GDS-4 scores consistently favored the active group, suggesting a reduction in depressive symptoms. A3LP scores demonstrated that the active group had better verbal memory and recall abilities. VF scores consistently favored the active group, indicating superior language skills and cognitive flexibility. Linear regression model and mixed linear regression model reinforced these findings, with highly significant interaction effects observed between the active/passive group, gender, age, education, and time. These effects were particularly pronounced for MACQ and A3LP scores, indicating the combined impact of these factors on memory self-perception and verbal memory. This study highlights the positive impact of memory training intervention on cognitive function and depressive symptoms in older adults and underscores the importance of considering gender, age, and education in cognitive interventions. Notably, these benefits persist for up to six months from the end of the program. The results provide valuable insights into cognitive changes in aging populations and suggest that tailored memory training programs can yield significant improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Francesca Piazza
- Regional Health Agency of Liguria (ALiSa), 16121 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (G.B.A.); or (D.A.); or (F.A.)
| | - Ernesto Palummeri
- Regional Health Agency of Liguria (ALiSa), 16121 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (G.B.A.); or (D.A.); or (F.A.)
| | - Chiara Paganino
- Local Health Unit 3 (ASL3), 16125 Genoa, Italy; (M.V.); (C.P.)
| | | | - Daniela Amicizia
- Regional Health Agency of Liguria (ALiSa), 16121 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (G.B.A.); or (D.A.); or (F.A.)
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSSal), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Filippo Ansaldi
- Regional Health Agency of Liguria (ALiSa), 16121 Genoa, Italy; (E.P.); (G.B.A.); or (D.A.); or (F.A.)
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSSal), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Kumar S, Venu A, Jaya MH. Effect of yoga mudras in improving the health of users: A precautionary measure practice in daily life for resisting the deadly COVID-19 disease. LESSONS FROM COVID-19 2022. [PMCID: PMC9347266 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99878-9.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a deadly disease that affected millions of people around the world. Vaccines are presently being made available for curtailing the disease. However, many people lost their lives because of breathing problems associated with the virus infection. Science and technology have advanced a lot in the identification of the COVID-19 virus through RT-PCR tests and CT imaging. The ashtanga yoga focuses on the moral, intellectual, and health aspect improvement of individuals. This study notes that the role of Yoga (mudras) is inevitable in improving the health conditions of both the infected and noninfected persons. The effects of mudras in health care were scientifically proven, and many reputed works are there highlighting the merits of mudras. To this end, this research work proposed a set of mudras with a breathing exercise that focuses on the improvement of immunity and minimizes respiratory issues. A consistent practice of mudras with a breathing exercise for 30 min each (morning and evening) paves the way toward a healthy life. The breathing exercise proposed in this research work is Nadi Shuddi Pranayama in Virasana position and the following mudras: garuda mudra, aswini mudra, adhi mudra, prana mudra, bronchial mudra, and apana vayu mudra. The chapter comprises of the following: introduction to yoga and its scientific evidence in improving health care, related works in improving health care by mudras, and a universal practice system comprising of breathing exercise and mudras for resisting COVID-19. In theory, the outcome of this chapter focuses on the holistic improvement of health care of people particularly during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Swathi PS, Bhat R, Saoji AA. Effect of Trataka (Yogic Visual Concentration) on the Performance in the Corsi-Block Tapping Task: A Repeated Measures Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:773049. [PMID: 34975664 PMCID: PMC8718544 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.773049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Attention and memory are essential aspects of cognitive health. Yogasanas, pranayama, and meditation have shown to improve cognitive functions. There has been no assessment of Trataka (yogic visual concentration) on working or on spatial memory. The present study was planned to assess the immediate effects of Trataka and of eye exercise sessions on the Corsi-block tapping task (CBTT). Methods: A total of 41 healthy volunteers of both genders with age 23.21 ± 2.81 years were recruited. All participants underwent baseline assessment, followed by 2 weeks of training in Trataka (including eye exercise). Each training session lasted for 20 min/day for 6 days a week. After completion of the training period, a 1-week washout period was given. Each participant then was assessed in two sessions in Trataka and in eye exercise on two separate days, maintaining the same time of the day. Repeated measure analysis of variance with Holm's adjustment was performed to check the difference between the sessions. Results: Significant within-subjects effects were observed for forward Corsi span andforward total score (p < 0.001), and also for backward Corsi span (p < 0.05) and backward total score (p < 0.05). Post hoc analyses revealed Trataka session to be better than eye exercises and baseline. The eye exercise session did not show any significant changes in the CBTT. Conclusion: The result suggests that Trataka session improves working memory, spatial memory, and spatial attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Apar Avinash Saoji
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
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Wu C, Yi Q, Zheng X, Cui S, Chen B, Lu L, Tang C. Effects of Mind-Body Exercises on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 67:749-758. [PMID: 30565212 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Mind-body exercise has positive effects on cognitive performance, according to clinical observation and experts' recommendations. However, its potential benefits for the cognitive function of aging adults are uncertain and still lack systematic estimations. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the overall efficacy and effectiveness of mind-body exercises for cognitive performance in aging individuals with or without cognitive impairment. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We searched related trials through June 2018 from four databases: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO (all via Ovid), and the Cochrane Library/Central Register of Controlled Trials. MEASUREMENTS Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A meta-analysis of comparative effects was performed using Review Manager v.5.3 software, and publication bias was examined using Egger's test. RESULTS A total of 32 randomized controlled trials with 3624 participants were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that mind-body exercises as a whole had benefits in improving global cognition compared with that of the control group (mean difference [MD] = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33-1.51; p = .002) and were more effective than control interventions in promoting cognitive flexibility (MD = -8.80; 95% CI = -15.22 to -2.38; p = .007), working memory (MD = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.01-0.64; p = .05), verbal fluency (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.09-0.45; p = .003), and learning (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.10-0.39; p = .001) on cognitively intact or impaired older adults. In dose-subgroup analysis, only moderate exercise intensity (60-120 min per week) significantly increased global cognition scores compared with those of the control group (MD = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.34-1.97; p = .006). CONCLUSION Mind-body exercises, especially tai chi and dance mind-body exercise, are beneficial for improving global cognition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, verbal fluency, and learning in cognitively intact or impaired older adults. Moderate intensity is recommended as the optimal dose for older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:749-758, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Wu
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Qu Yi
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou university of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyang Cui
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518034, China
| | - Bin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liming Lu
- Clinical Research Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on the Acoustic and Aerodynamic Parameters of Voice in Normophonic Females. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4176803. [PMID: 30174704 PMCID: PMC6106724 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4176803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Summary. Objective Pranayama is known for improving various health conditions. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of bhramari pranayama on aerodynamic and acoustic parameters of voice in healthy individuals. Study Design This is a pretest-posttest design study. Methods A total of 24 participants in the age range of 20 to 25 years completed the bhramari pranayama regimen for 30 sessions. Aerodynamic and acoustic assessments were done before and after pranayama sessions. Maximum phonation duration, pitch, loudness, subglottal pressure, glottal airflow, laryngeal resistance and conductance along with acoustical parameters such as average F0, jitter, and shimmer, soft phonation index, noise to harmonic ratio, cepstral peak prominence, and smoothened cepstral peak prominence were analysed. Results The results revealed significant improvement in the maximum phonation duration, glottal airflow and pressure, average fundamental frequency, and cepstral peak prominence after practice suggesting that it has an effect on voice parameters. Conclusion Bhramari pranayama is effective in improving the acoustic and aerodynamic parameters of voice. The same needs to be investigated in hyper- and hypofunctional voice disorders in the future studies.
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Mridula J, George VM, Bajaj G, Namratha H, Bhat JS. Effect of working memory training on cognitive communicative abilities among young- and middle-aged adults. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2017.1416885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Mridula
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | - Vinitha Mary George
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | - Gagan Bajaj
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | - H.G. Namratha
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | - Jayashree S. Bhat
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
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