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Tsuruoka N, Katayama S, Seki T, Matsunaga T, Iijima R, Haga Y. Focused Ultrasound PC-6 Stimulation Effects on Blood Flow Volume, Skin Temperature, and Coldness of the Finger and Toe. Complement Med Res 2019; 26:404-409. [DOI: 10.1159/000501149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Focused ultrasound can stimulate a specific point of tissue and can be a noninvasive method for acupoint stimulation. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of acupoint stimulation by focused ultrasound on blood flow volume and coldness of the fingers and toes. Materials and Methods: Forty healthy volunteers were included in this experiment. The blood flow volume and the skin temperature of a finger and toe were measured before and after stimulation of the pericardium 6 acupuncture point (PC-6) by focused ultrasound. Subjective coldness of the fingers and toes was also assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after stimulation. Results: The maximum blood flow volumes of the finger and toe were significantly larger (p < 0.01) than those before stimulation. The maximum skin surface temperatures of the fingers were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those before stimulation. The VAS scores for subjective coldness of the toes after stimulation were significantly higher (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The blood flow volume and skin temperature tended to increase after PC-6 stimulation. The VAS scores also indicated a tendency toward a warmer sensation in the toes after stimulation.
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Baker JH, Qiu J, Grine K. Role of Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Infectious Disease. Prim Care 2018; 45:533-539. [PMID: 30115339 DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly being used in Western countries despite the lack of conclusive research studies. Several CAM modalities have only shown variable therapeutic efficacy in infectious disease management. Clinicians should be familiar with these therapies in order to advise patients about alternative therapeutic options when treating infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Baker
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Group, 476 Rolling Ridge Drive, #101, State College, PA 16801, USA.
| | - Juan Qiu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Group, 32 Colonnade Way, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Kristen Grine
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Group, 476 Rolling Ridge Drive, #101, State College, PA 16801, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The common cold (CC) is the most common syndromes of infection in human beings, but there is currently no special treatment. For this reason, acupuncture is used to relieve the symptoms of the CC. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy that has been used for over 2000 years to treat various diseases. However, few studies have provided evidence for the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the CC. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture on CC periods and its symptoms. METHODS The following electronic databases will be searched for studies conducted through January 1, 2019: Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBASE, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Springer, Wan-fang database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other sources. All randomized controlled trials on acupuncture for common cold will be included. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, while RevMan V.5.3.5 software will be implemented for the assessment of bias risk, data synthesis, subgroup analysis, and meta-analyses if conditions are met. Continuous outcomes will be presented as mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD), while dichotomous data will be expressed as relative risk. RESULTS A high-quality synthesis of current evidence of acupuncture for CC will be stated from several aspect using subjective reports and objective measures of performance. The reduction rate of common cold symptoms after initial treatment, resolved cold symptoms, and reduced cold duration will be collected. CONCLUSION This protocol will present the evidence of whether acupuncture therapy is an effective intervention for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhao Jin
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province
| | - Na Xu
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province
| | - Taipin Guo
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province
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Heo JS, Yang SY, Lim SA, Lee JM, Kang JY, Sun SH, Kim HG, Kang W, Cho JH. A manual acupuncture treatment attenuates common cold and its symptoms: a case series report from South Korea. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2016; 36:724-9. [PMID: 29949334 PMCID: PMC7147216 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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Yamaguchi N, Takahashi T, Sakuma M, Sugita T, Uchikawa K, Sakaihara S, Kanda T, Arai M, Kawakita K. Acupuncture regulates leukocyte subpopulations in human peripheral blood. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 4:447-53. [PMID: 18227912 PMCID: PMC2176150 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nel107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture has recently been attracting more and more people throughout the world as an alternative treatment, however little is known about its physiological activities (i.e. immune system). We examined acupuncture both quantitatively and qualitatively by measuring CD-positive cell counts and cytokine expression levels in the blood, to determine the activity of T cells, B cells, macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells. Fifteen milliliters of peripheral blood obtained from 17 healthy volunteers aged 21–51 years, were analyzed using flow cytometry before and after acupuncture treatment. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, CD11b+, CD16+, CD19+, CD56+ cells as well as IL-4, IL-1β and IFN-γ levels in the cells after acupuncture stimulation of meridian points. These observations indicate that acupuncture may regulate the immune system and promote the activities of humoral and cellular immunity as well as NK cell activity. In this article, we discussed how acupuncture regulated leukocyte numbers and functions since they are considered to be potential indicators for evaluating complementary and alternative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Fundamental Research for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Department of General Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa Natural Medicinal Products Research Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa and Department of Physiology, Meiji University of Oriental Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Jiang YL, Ning Y, Liu YY, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Yin LM, Xu YD, Wei Y, Yang YQ. Effects of preventive acupuncture on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:e355-61. [PMID: 21750401 DOI: 10.3275/7859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes prevention has received increasing attention recently. Clinical and experimental studies showed that acupuncture could produce hypoglycemic effect. However, little is known about the effectiveness of acupuncture in diabetes prevention. AIM To investigate the preventive effects of acupuncture on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia in rats. METHODS Hyperglycemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). Rats were randomly divided into six groups (no.=8 each group): control, diabetes, preventive acupuncture plus STZ injection, STZ injection plus therapeutic acupuncture, STZ injection plus preventive and therapeutic acupuncture, and preventive and therapeutic acupuncture control. Body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes were measured by routine standard methods. Histological analysis of pancreatic islets was conducted. RESULTS Preventive acupuncture significantly relieved hyperglycemia, insulin deficiency, weight loss, and pancreatic islet damage in rats with STZ injection; it also significantly reduced serum lipid peroxidation and enhanced superoxide dismutase in the serum and the pancreas without significantly affecting serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Therapeutic acupuncture exhibited a hypoglycemic effect in the late stage, but did not significantly improve other parameters. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that preventive acupuncture is beneficial to the control of STZ-induced hyperglycemia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Jiang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 650 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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Suzuki M, Yokoyama Y, Yamazaki H. Research into acupuncture for respiratory disease in Japan: a systematic review. Acupunct Med 2011; 27:54-60. [PMID: 19502460 DOI: 10.1136/aim.2009.000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, studies on acupuncture therapy for respiratory disease have rarely been reported. Additionally, most of the reports are difficult for overseas researchers to access because they are written in Japanese and cannot be located using Medline. PURPOSE To review studies on acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for respiratory disease conducted in Japan. DATA SOURCES The results of a literature search using "Igaku Chuo Zasshi Web" and the Medical Online Library, both of which are Japanese databases, covering the period between 1979 and 2006. STUDY SELECTION This study reviewed references cited in retrieved documents and selected original articles and case reports on acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for respiratory disease. DATA EXTRACTION The search terms used were "acupuncture" and "respiratory disease", along with "respiratory", "asthma", "COPD", "bronchitis" and "common cold". RESULTS The study retrieved 34 papers on acupuncture treatment for respiratory disease written in Japanese (9 full papers, 19 case reports and 6 case series). The papers dealt with such conditions as asthma (14 trials), cough variant asthma (one trial), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (seven trials), chronic bronchitis (one trial), usual/idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (one trial) and the common cold (two trials). The study also found eight trials dealing with cold prevention. CONCLUSIONS A small number of reports on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for respiratory diseases were found in the Japanese databases. Future studies must use more rigorous evaluation methods, such as randomised controlled trials, to measure the effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for treating respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Suzuki
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto, Japan.
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Powell H, Smart J, Wood LG, Grissell T, Shafren DR, Hensley MJ, Gibson PG. Validity of the common cold questionnaire (CCQ) in asthma exacerbations. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1802. [PMID: 18350141 PMCID: PMC2266793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The common cold questionnaire (CCQ) is used to discriminate those with and without a viral infection. Its usefulness in people with acute asthma is unknown. Our aim was to assess the ability of the CCQ to detect viral infection and to monitor recovery during a viral induced asthma exacerbation and confirmed by virological testing. Methodology/Principal Findings We studied subjects (≥7 yrs) admitted to hospital with acute asthma and diagnosed as positive (n = 63), or negative to viral infection (n = 27) according to molecular and virological testing from respiratory samples. CCQ, asthma history and asthma control questionnaires were completed and repeated 4–6 weeks later. Sensitivity, specificity, and response to change of the CCQ were assessed by receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis and effect size calculation respectively. The CCQ did not discriminate between viral and non-viral infection for subjects with asthma (sensitivity = 76.2%; specificity = 29.6%). ROC analysis could not differentiate between positive or negative virus in subjects with asthma. The CCQ had a large response to change following recovery (effect size = 1.01). 39% of subjects recovering from viral exacerbation remained positive to virological testing at follow-up despite improvement in clinical symptoms. The CCQ reflected clinical improvement in these subjects, thus providing additional information to complement virological testing. Conclusions/Significance The CCQ is a useful instrument for monitoring response to viral infection in people with asthma. Reliable differentiation between viral and non-viral asthma exacerbations was not achieved with the CCQ and requires specific virological testing. When combined with virological testing, the CCQ should be a useful outcome measure for evaluating therapies in viral-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Powell
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne Smart
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Wood
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Practice and Population Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Terry Grissell
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Practice and Population Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darren R. Shafren
- School of Medical Practice and Population Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Picornaviral Research Unit, Royal Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J. Hensley
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Practice and Population Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Practice and Population Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Kawakita K, Shichidou T, Inoue E, Nabeta T, Kitakoji H, Aizawa S, Nishida A, Yamaguchi N, Takahashi N, Sumiya E, Okada K, Umeda T, Yano T, Tanzawa S. Do Japanese style acupuncture and moxibustion reduce symptoms of the common cold? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2007; 5:481-9. [PMID: 18955215 PMCID: PMC2586319 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We summarize the results from a series of investigations of Japanese style acupuncture and moxibustion therapies on symptoms of the common cold that have been conducted (FTLE 1999–03, supported by the Foundation for Training and Licensure Examination in Anma- Massage- Acupressure, Acupuncture and Moxibustion). We also discuss the various interventions and concerns that we faced during these investigations. The subjects were students and teachers. The pilot study (FTLE1999) of a two arm (real and non-treatment control) RCT at a Japanese acupuncture school showed that manual acupuncture to a specific needling point at the throat clearly reduced symptoms of the common cold. The first multi-center (five centers) RCT (FTLE 2000) revealed a significant reduction in cold symptoms, by general linear model analysis (between groups, P = 0.024). To reduce the technical variation, we employed indirect moxibustion to the neck points as a uniform intervention in the next project (FTLE 2001) without statistically significant results. Then we elongated the periods of treatment from 2 to a maximum of 12 weeks (FTLE 2002) with different interventions accompanied by 4 weeks follow-up. The results were still not statistically significant. As the final project, we tried to develop a new experimental design for individualized intervention by conducting n-of-1 trials using elderly subjects in a health care center but without detecting a clear effect. In conclusion, the safety of Japanese acupuncture or moxibustion was sufficiently demonstrated; however, a series of clinical trials could not offer convincing evidence to recommend the use of Japanese style acupuncture or moxibustion for preventing the common cold. Further studies are required as the present trials had several limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawakita
- Research Department of JSAM, Department of Physiology, Meiji University of Oriental Medicine, Hiyoshi-cho, Nantan-City, Kyoto 629-0392, Japan. Tel & Fax: +81-(0)771-72-1289;
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