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Alehaideb Z. Prediction of herb-drug interactions involving consumption of furanocoumarin-mixtures and cytochrome P450 1A2-mediated caffeine metabolism inhibition in humans. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:444-452. [PMID: 37026048 PMCID: PMC10071362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herb-drug interactions (HDI) has become important due to the increasing popularity of natural health product consumption worldwide. HDI is difficult to predict as botanical drugs usually contain complex phytochemical-mixtures, which interact with drug metabolism. Currently, there is no specific pharmacological tool to predict HDI since almost all in vitro-in vivo-extrapolation (IVIVE) Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) models deal with one inhibitor-drug and one victim-drug. The objectives were to modify-two IVIVE models for the prediction of in vivo interaction between caffeine and furanocoumarin-containing herbs, and to confirm model predictions by comparing the DDI predictive results with actual human data. The models were modified to predict in vivo herb-caffeine interaction using the same set of inhibition constants but different integrated dose/concentration of furanocoumarin mixtures in the liver. Different hepatic inlet inhibitor concentration ([I]H) surrogates were used for each furanocoumarin. In the first (hybrid) model, the [I]H was predicted using the concentration-addition model for chemical-mixtures. In the second model, the [I]H was calculated by adding individual furanocoumarins together. Once [I]H values were determined, the models predicted an area-under-curve-ratio (AUCR) value of each interaction. The results indicate that both models were able to predict the experimental AUCR of herbal products reasonably well. The DDI model approaches described in this study may be applicable to health supplements and functional foods also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Alehaideb
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zuo HL, Huang HY, Lin YCD, Cai XX, Kong XJ, Luo DL, Zhou YH, Huang HD. Enzyme Activity of Natural Products on Cytochrome P450. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020515. [PMID: 35056827 PMCID: PMC8779343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes, particularly the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) monooxygenases, play a pivotal role in pharmacokinetics. CYP450 enzymes can be affected by various xenobiotic substrates, which will eventually be responsible for most metabolism-based herb–herb or herb–drug interactions, usually involving competition with another drug for the same enzyme binding site. Compounds from herbal or natural products are involved in many scenarios in the context of such interactions. These interactions are decisive both in drug discovery regarding the synergistic effects, and drug application regarding unwanted side effects. Herein, this review was conducted as a comprehensive compilation of the effects of herbal ingredients on CYP450 enzymes. Nearly 500 publications reporting botanicals’ effects on CYP450s were collected and analyzed. The countries focusing on this topic were summarized, the identified herbal ingredients affecting enzyme activity of CYP450s, as well as methods identifying the inhibitory/inducing effects were reviewed. Inhibitory effects of botanicals on CYP450 enzymes may contribute to synergistic effects, such as herbal formulae/prescriptions, or lead to therapeutic failure, or even increase concentrations of conventional medicines causing serious adverse events. Conducting this review may help in metabolism-based drug combination discovery, and in the evaluation of the safety profile of natural products used therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Li Zuo
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China; (H.-L.Z.); (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.-D.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-L.L.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China; (H.-L.Z.); (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.-D.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-L.L.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yang-Chi-Dung Lin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China; (H.-L.Z.); (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.-D.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-L.L.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Cai
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China; (H.-L.Z.); (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.-D.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-L.L.); (Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Xiang-Jun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China;
| | - Dai-Lin Luo
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China; (H.-L.Z.); (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.-D.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-L.L.); (Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Yu-Heng Zhou
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China; (H.-L.Z.); (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.-D.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-L.L.); (Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China; (H.-L.Z.); (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.-D.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-L.L.); (Y.-H.Z.)
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0755-2351-9601
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Determination of benchmark doses for linear furanocoumarin consumption associated with inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 isoenzyme activity in healthy human adults. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1437-1444. [PMID: 34377680 PMCID: PMC8329502 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of individuals globally consume traditional herbal medicines (THMs), which contain abundant amounts of linear furanocoumarins. Linear furanocoumarins (i.e., 8-methoxypsoralen, 5-methoxypsoralen, and isopimpinellin) are inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes including 1A2, a major enzyme involved in drug metabolism and carcinogen bioactivation. Despite the high consumption of furanocoumarin-containing THMs, no studies have measured the furanocoumarin consumption level that triggers an inhibition to CYP1A2 activity in humans. The first objective was to verify if the potencies of the three furanocoumarins are additive towards the inhibition of CYP1A2 activity in vitro using concentration-addition and whole-mixture chemical-mixture-assessment models. A second objective was to determine the benchmark dose (BMD) with the mixtures of furanocoumarin oral doses, expressed as 8-MOP equivalents, and to assess the in vivo CYP1A2 activity, expressed as inhibition percentages. The in vitro results indicated that the three furanocoumarin inhibitory potencies were additive in the THM extracts, validating the use of the concentration-addition model in total furanocoumarin dose-equivalent calculations. Using the USEPA BMD software, the BMD was 18.9 μg 8-MOP equivalent/kg body weight. This information is crucial for furanocoumarin-related health-assessment studies and the regulation of THMs. Further studies should be performed for the remaining major metabolic enzymes to complete the safety profile of furanocoumarin-containing THMs and to provide accurate warning labelling.
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Key Words
- 5-MOP, 5-methoxypsoralen
- 8-MOP, 8-methoxypsoralen
- AIC, Akaike’s information criterion
- BMD, benchmark dose
- BMDL, BMD lower bound
- BMDS, BMD software
- BMDU, BMD upper bound
- BMR, benchmark response
- Benchmark dose
- CA, concentration-addition model
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- Caffeine
- Cytochrome 1A2 enzyme
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Furanocoumarin
- HLM, human liver microsomes
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, concentration at 50 % inhibition
- ISOP, isopimpinellin
- LOAEL, lowest-observed-adverse-effect level
- Metabolism
- NADPH, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen
- NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level
- POD, point-of-departure
- RPF, relative potency factor
- SD, standard deviation
- TCL, treated clearance
- THM, traditional herbal medicine
- Traditional herbal medicines
- UCL, untreated clearance
- USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency
- WM, whole-mixture model
- log10, common log
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Alehaideb Z, Sheriffdeen M, Law FCP. Inhibition of Caffeine Metabolism by Apiaceous and Rutaceae Families of Plant Products in Humans: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:641090. [PMID: 33995046 PMCID: PMC8116649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.641090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily consumption of caffeinated beverages is considered safe but serious health consequences do happen in some individuals. The Apiaceous and Rutaceae families of plant (ARFP) products are popular foods and medicines in the world. We previously reported significant amounts of furanocoumarin bioactive such as 8-methoxypsoralen, 5-methoxypsoralen, and isopimpinellin in ARFP products. As both caffeine and furanocoumarin bioactive are metabolized by the same hepatic CYP1A1/2 isozyme in humans, caffeine/ARFP product interactions may occur after co-administration. The objectives of the present study were to study in vivo loss of caffeine metabolizing activity by comparing the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in volunteers before and after pre-treatment with an ARFP extract, study the correlation between the decrease in hepatic CYP1A2 activity and the content of furanocoumarin bioactive in ARFP extracts, characterize CYP1A2 inactivation using in vitro incubations containing 14C-caffeine, a furanocoumarin bioactive, and human liver microsomes (HLMs), and provide a mechanistic explanation for both in vivo and in vitro data using the irreversible inhibition mechanism. The study results showed pre-treatment of volunteers with four ARFP extracts increased the area-under-the-concentration-time-curve (AUC0-inf) ratio of caffeine in the plasma ranging from 1.3 to 4.3-fold compared to the untreated volunteers indicating significant caffeine metabolism inhibition. The increases in AUC0-inf ratio also were linearly related to the effect-based doses of the furanocoumarins in the ARFP extracts, a finding which indicated caffeine metabolism inhibition was related to the content of furanocoumarin bioactive in an ARFP product. In vitro incubation studies also showed individual furanocoumarin bioactive were potent inhibitors of caffeine-N-demethylation; the IC50 for 8-methoxypsoralen 5-methoxypsoralen, and isopimpinellin were 0.09, 0.13, and 0.29 µM, respectively. In addition, CYP1A2 inactivation by individual furanocoumarin bioactive was concentration- and time-dependent involving the irreversible inhibition mechanism. The proposed irreversible inhibition mechanism was investigated further using 14C-labeled 8-methoxypsoralen and HLMs. The formation of 14C-adducts due to 14C-8-MOP-derived radioactivity bound to HLMs confirmed the irreversible inhibition of CYP1A2 activity. Thus, furanocoumarin bioactive metabolism in humans would result in reactive metabolite(s) formation inactivating CYP1A2 isozyme and inhibiting caffeine metabolism. Once the CYP1A2 isozyme was deactivated, the enzymic activity could only be regained by isozyme re-synthesis which took a long time. As a result, a single oral dose of ARFP extract administered to the human volunteers 3.0 h before still was able to inhibit caffeine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Alehaideb
- Department of Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Francis C P Law
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Boolani A, Fuller DT, Mondal S, Wilkinson T, Darie CC, Gumpricht E. Caffeine-Containing, Adaptogenic-Rich Drink Modulates the Effects of Caffeine on Mental Performance and Cognitive Parameters: A Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1922. [PMID: 32610481 PMCID: PMC7399841 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, within-participants, randomized, cross-over design, we examined the neurocognitive effects of a: (a) caffeine-containing, adaptogenic herbal-rich natural energy shot (e+ shot), (b) a matched caffeine-containing shot (caffeine), and, (c) a placebo. Participants (n = 30) were low consumers of caffeine without elevated feelings of energy. Before and three times after beverage consumption, a 27-min battery was used to assess motivation to perform cognitive tasks, mood, attention ((serial subtractions of 3 (SS3) and 7 (SS7), the continuous performance task (CPT), and the rapid visual input processing tasks)), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and motor coordination (nine-hole peg test) with a 10-min break between each post-consumption battery. The procedure was repeated for each beverage for each participant at least 48 h apart and within 30 min the same time of day using a random group assignment with blinding of researchers and subjects. To evaluate for changes in outcomes, a Treatment × Time analysis of covariance controlling for hours of prior night's sleep was used. Analysis of all outcomes and all treatment comparisons indicated that compared to placebo, both e+ shot ( Δ ¯ = 2.60; η2 = 0.098) and caffeine ( Δ ¯ = 5.30, η2 = 0.098) increased systolic BP 30 min post consumption (still within normal healthy ranges). The caffeine beverage also led to an improvement in most cognitive measures and moods 30-min post-consumption with improvements tapering at 69 and 108 min, while e+ shot noted more steady improvements with no significant differences between beverages on most cognitive and mood measures at 69 and 108 min. However, compared to caffeine, e+ shot noted a significant increase in reaction time at 108 min, while caffeine noted a small change in the opposite direction. No side-effects were reported by any intervention. These results suggest that the specific blend of adaptogens in e+ shot may modulate the neurocognitive effects of caffeine on mood, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Boolani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Daniel T. Fuller
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (D.T.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Sumona Mondal
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (D.T.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Tyler Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (T.W.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (T.W.); (C.C.D.)
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