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Bestea L, Réjaud A, Sandoz JC, Carcaud J, Giurfa M, de Brito Sanchez MG. Peripheral taste detection in honey bees: What do taste receptors respond to? Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4417-4444. [PMID: 33934411 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the neural principles governing taste perception in species that bear economic importance or serve as research models for other sensory modalities constitutes a strategic goal. Such is the case of the honey bee (Apis mellifera), which is environmentally and socioeconomically important, given its crucial role as pollinator agent in agricultural landscapes and which has served as a traditional model for visual and olfactory neurosciences and for research on communication, navigation, and learning and memory. Here we review the current knowledge on honey bee gustatory receptors to provide an integrative view of peripheral taste detection in this insect, highlighting specificities and commonalities with other insect species. We describe behavioral and electrophysiological responses to several tastant categories and relate these responses, whenever possible, to known molecular receptor mechanisms. Overall, we adopted an evolutionary and comparative perspective to understand the neural principles of honey bee taste and define key questions that should be answered in future gustatory research centered on this insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bestea
- Research Centre on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, CNRS (UMR 5169), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Réjaud
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, IRD (UMR 5174), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Sandoz
- Evolution, Genomes, Behavior and Ecology, CNRS, IRD (UMR 9191, University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julie Carcaud
- Evolution, Genomes, Behavior and Ecology, CNRS, IRD (UMR 9191, University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin Giurfa
- Research Centre on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, CNRS (UMR 5169), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Maria Gabriela de Brito Sanchez
- Research Centre on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, CNRS (UMR 5169), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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2
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Kabaka JM, Wachira BM, Mang’era CM, Rono MK, Hassanali A, Okoth SO, Oduol VO, Macharia RW, Murilla GA, Mireji PO. Expansions of chemosensory gene orthologs among selected tsetse fly species and their expressions in Glossina morsitans morsitans tsetse fly. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008341. [PMID: 32589659 PMCID: PMC7347240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tsetse fly exhibit species-specific olfactory uniqueness potentially underpinned by differences in their chemosensory protein repertoire. We assessed 1) expansions of chemosensory protein orthologs in Glossina morsitans morsitans, Glossina pallidipes, Glossina austeni, Glossina palpalis gambiensis, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina brevipalpis tsetse fly species using Café analysis (to identify species-specific expansions) and 2) differential expressions of the orthologs and associated proteins in male G. m. morsitans antennae and head tissues using RNA-Seq approaches (to establish associated functional molecular pathways). We established accelerated and significant (P<0.05, λ = 2.60452e-7) expansions of gene families in G. m. morsitans Odorant receptor (Or)71a, Or46a, Ir75a,d, Ionotropic receptor (Ir) 31a, Ir84a, Ir64a and Odorant binding protein (Obp) 83a-b), G. pallidipes Or67a,c, Or49a, Or92a, Or85b-c,f and Obp73a, G. f. fuscipes Ir21a, Gustatory receptor (Gr) 21a and Gr63a), G. p. gambiensis clumsy, Ir25a and Ir8a, and G. brevipalpis Ir68a and missing orthologs in each tsetse fly species. Most abundantly expressed transcripts in male G. m. morsitans included specific Or (Orco, Or56a, 65a-c, Or47b, Or67b, GMOY012254, GMOY009475, and GMOY006265), Gr (Gr21a, Gr63a, GMOY013297 and GMOY013298), Ir (Ir8a, Ir25a and Ir41a) and Obp (Obp19a, lush, Obp28a, Obp83a-b Obp44a, GMOY012275 and GMOY013254) orthologs. Most enriched biological processes in the head were associated with vision, muscle activity and neuropeptide regulations, amino acid/nucleotide metabolism and circulatory system processes. Antennal enrichments (>90% of chemosensory transcripts) included cilium-associated mechanoreceptors, chemo-sensation, neuronal controlled growth/differentiation and regeneration/responses to stress. The expanded and tsetse fly species specific orthologs includes those associated with known tsetse fly responsive ligands (4-methyl phenol, 4-propyl phenol, acetic acid, butanol and carbon dioxide) and potential tsetse fly species-specific responsive ligands (2-oxopentanoic acid, phenylacetaldehyde, hydroxycinnamic acid, 2-heptanone, caffeine, geosmin, DEET and (cVA) pheromone). Some of the orthologs can potentially modulate several tsetse fly species-specific behavioral (male-male courtship, hunger/host seeking, cool avoidance, hygrosensory and feeding) phenotypes. The putative tsetse fly specific chemosensory gene orthologs and their respective ligands provide candidate gene targets and kairomones for respective downstream functional genomic and field evaluations that can effectively expand toolbox of species-specific tsetse fly attractants, repellents and other tsetse fly behavioral modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy M. Kabaka
- Biotechnology Research Institute—Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Ruiru Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Benson M. Wachira
- Biotechnology Research Institute—Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Ruiru Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Clarence M. Mang’era
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Njoro Campus, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Martin K. Rono
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research—Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Ahmed Hassanali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Ruiru Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sylvance O. Okoth
- Biotechnology Research Institute—Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Vincent O. Oduol
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosaline W. Macharia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Grace A. Murilla
- Biotechnology Research Institute—Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Paul O. Mireji
- Biotechnology Research Institute—Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research—Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
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3
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Kaushik S, Kumar R, Kain P. Salt an Essential Nutrient: Advances in Understanding Salt Taste Detection Using Drosophila as a Model System. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518806894. [PMID: 30479487 PMCID: PMC6249657 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518806894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste modalities are conserved in insects and mammals. Sweet gustatory signals evoke attractive behaviors while bitter gustatory information drive aversive behaviors. Salt (NaCl) is an essential nutrient required for various physiological processes, including electrolyte homeostasis, neuronal activity, nutrient absorption, and muscle contraction. Not only mammals, even in Drosophila melanogaster, the detection of NaCl induces two different behaviors: Low concentrations of NaCl act as an attractant, whereas high concentrations act as repellant. The fruit fly is an excellent model system for studying the underlying mechanisms of salt taste due to its relatively simple neuroanatomical organization of the brain and peripheral taste system, the availability of powerful genetic tools and transgenic strains. In this review, we have revisited the literature and the information provided by various laboratories using invertebrate model system Drosophila that has helped us to understand NaCl salt taste so far. We hope that this compiled information from Drosophila will be of general significance and interest for forthcoming studies of the structure, function, and behavioral role of NaCl-sensitive (low and high concentrations) gustatory circuitry for understanding NaCl salt taste in all animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Kaushik
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pinky Kain
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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4
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Kim H, Jeong YT, Choi MS, Choi J, Moon SJ, Kwon JY. Involvement of a Gr2a-Expressing Drosophila Pharyngeal Gustatory Receptor Neuron in Regulation of Aversion to High-Salt Foods. Mol Cells 2017; 40:331-338. [PMID: 28535667 PMCID: PMC5463041 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of feeding is essential for animal survival. The pharyngeal sense organs can act as a second checkpoint of food quality, due to their position between external taste organs such as the labellum which initially assess food quality, and the digestive tract. Growing evidence provides support that the pharyngeal sensory neurons regulate feeding, but much is still unknown. We found that a pair of gustatory receptor neurons in the LSO, a Drosophila adult pharyngeal organ which expresses four gustatory receptors, is involved in feeding inhibition in response to high concentrations of sodium ions. RNAi experiments and mutant analysis showed that the gustatory receptor Gr2a is necessary for this process. This feeding preference determined by whether a food source is perceived as appetizing or not is influenced by nutritional conditions, such that when the animal is hungry, the need for energy dominates over how appealing the food source is. Our results provide experimental evidence that factors involved in feeding function in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
| | - Yong Taek Jeong
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Min Sung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
| | - Jaekyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
| | - Seok Jun Moon
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Jae Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
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5
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Mechanosensory interactions drive collective behaviour in Drosophila. Nature 2014; 519:233-6. [PMID: 25533959 PMCID: PMC4359906 DOI: 10.1038/nature14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Collective behaviour enhances environmental sensing and decision-making in groups of animals1,2. Experimental and theoretical investigations of schooling fish, flocking birds and human crowds have demonstrated that simple interactions between individuals can explain emergent group dynamics3,4. These findings imply the existence of neural circuits that support distributed behaviours, but the molecular and cellular identities of relevant sensory pathways are unknown. Here we show that Drosophila melanogaster exhibits collective responses to an aversive odour: individual flies weakly avoid the stimulus, but groups show enhanced escape reactions. Using high-resolution behavioural tracking, computational simulations, genetic perturbations, neural silencing and optogenetic activation we demonstrate that this collective odour avoidance arises from cascades of appendage touch interactions between pairs of flies. Inter-fly touch sensing and collective behaviour require the activity of distal leg mechanosensory sensilla neurons and the mechanosensory channel NOMPC5,6. Remarkably, through these inter-fly encounters, wild-type flies can elicit avoidance behaviour in mutant animals that cannot sense the odour – a basic form of communication. Our data highlight the unexpected importance of social context in the sensory responses of a solitary species and open the door to a neural circuit level understanding of collective behaviour in animal groups.
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6
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Iliadi KG, Knight D, Boulianne GL. Healthy aging - insights from Drosophila. Front Physiol 2012; 3:106. [PMID: 22529821 PMCID: PMC3328947 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human life expectancy has nearly doubled in the past century due, in part, to social and economic development, and a wide range of new medical technologies and treatments. As the number of elderly increase it becomes of vital importance to understand what factors contribute to healthy aging. Human longevity is a complex process that is affected by both environmental and genetic factors and interactions between them. Unfortunately, it is currently difficult to identify the role of genetic components in human longevity. In contrast, model organisms such as C. elegans, Drosophila, and rodents have facilitated the search for specific genes that affect lifespan. Experimental evidence obtained from studies in model organisms suggests that mutations in a single gene may increase longevity and delay the onset of age-related symptoms including motor impairments, sexual and reproductive and immune dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decline. Furthermore, the high degree of conservation between diverse species in the genes and pathways that regulate longevity suggests that work in model organisms can both expand our theoretical knowledge of aging and perhaps provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Iliadi
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Chatterjee A, Hardin PE. Time to taste: circadian clock function in the Drosophila gustatory system. Fly (Austin) 2010; 4:283-7. [PMID: 20798595 DOI: 10.4161/fly.4.4.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks keep time in the digestive, circulatory, reproductive, excretory and nervous systems even in absence of external cues. Central oscillators in the brain control locomotor activity of organisms ranging from fruit flies to man, but the functions of the clocks in peripheral nervous system are not well understood. The presence of autonomous peripheral oscillators in the major taste organ of Drosophila, the proboscis, prompted us to test whether gustatory responses are under control of the circadian clock. We find that synchronous rhythms in physiological and behavioral responses to attractive and aversive tastants are driven by oscillators in gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs); primary sensory neurons that carry taste information from the proboscis to the brain. During the middle of the night, high levels of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GPRK2) in the GRNs suppresses tastant-evoked responses. Flies with disrupted gustatory clocks are hyperphagic and hyperactive, recapitulating behaviors typically seen under the stress of starvation. Temporal plasticity in innate behaviors should offer adaptive advantages to flies. In this Extra View article we discuss how oscillators inside GRNs regulate responsiveness to tastants and influence feeding, metabolism and general activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chatterjee
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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8
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Iliadi KG. The genetic basis of emotional behavior: has the time come for a Drosophila model? J Neurogenet 2008; 23:136-46. [PMID: 19107631 DOI: 10.1080/01677060802471650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to summarize the studies potentially relevant to whether Drosophila can be used as a genetically tractable model to study the genetic and molecular basis of emotional behavior. Can these studies contribute to a better understanding of neural substrates of abnormal emotional states and specific neuropsychiatric illnesses, such as depression and anxiety?
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Iliadi
- Research Institute, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Nichols CD. Drosophila melanogaster neurobiology, neuropharmacology, and how the fly can inform central nervous system drug discovery. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 112:677-700. [PMID: 16935347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery in the post-genomic era is rapidly evolving. Older empirical methods are giving way to newer technologies that include bioinformatics, structural biology, genetics, and modern computational approaches. In the search for new medical therapies, and in particular treatments for disorders of the central nervous system, there has been increasing recognition that identification of a single biological target is unlikely to be a recipe for success; a broad perspective is required. Systems biology is one such approach, and has been increasingly recognized as a very important area of research, as it places specific molecular targets within a context of overall biochemical action. Understanding the complex interactions between the components within a given biological system that lead to modifications in output, such as changes in behavior or development, may be important avenues of discovery to identify new therapies. One avenue to drug discovery that holds tremendous potential is the use of model genetic organisms such as the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The similarity between mode of drug action, behavior, and gene response in D. melanogaster and mammalian systems, combined with the power of genetics, have recently made the fly a very attractive system to study fundamental neuropharmacological processes relevant to human diseases. The promise that the use of model organisms such as the fly offers is speed, high throughput, and dramatically reduced overall costs that together should result in an enhanced rate of discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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10
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Ignell R, Hansson BS. Projection patterns of gustatory neurons in the suboesophageal ganglion and tritocerebrum of mosquitoes. J Comp Neurol 2006; 492:214-33. [PMID: 16196031 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are heavily dependent on gustatory information when feeding. Following the recent elucidation of the molecular basis of gustation in the malaria mosquito, we present a detailed study of primary central projections of gustatory receptor neurons into the brain in the malaria (Anopheles gambiae) and yellow fever (Aedes aegypti) mosquito. In the brain we provide a detailed map of the areas targeted and describe a number of intrinsic neural elements connecting primary taste areas to higher brain levels. The morphological features described are discussed and compared to earlier reports in other insects as, e.g., the fruitfly, Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Ignell
- Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
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11
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Indjeian VB, Stern BM, Murray AW. The centromeric protein Sgo1 is required to sense lack of tension on mitotic chromosomes. Science 2005; 307:130-3. [PMID: 15637284 DOI: 10.1126/science.1101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome alignment on the mitotic spindle is monitored by the spindle checkpoint. We identify Sgo1, a protein involved in meiotic chromosome cohesion, as a spindle checkpoint component. Budding yeast cells with mutations in SGO1 respond normally to microtubule depolymerization but not to lack of tension at the kinetochore, and they have difficulty attaching sister chromatids to opposite poles of the spindle. Sgo1 is thus required for sensing tension between sister chromatids during mitosis, and its degradation when they separate may prevent cell cycle arrest and chromosome loss in anaphase, a time when sister chromatids are no longer under tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahan B Indjeian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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12
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Ignell R, Dekker T, Ghaninia M, Hansson BS. Neuronal architecture of the mosquito deutocerebrum. J Comp Neurol 2005; 493:207-40. [PMID: 16255032 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito behavior is heavily dependent on olfactory and mechanosensory cues, which are detected by receptor neurons on the antenna and on the palps. Recent progress in mosquito sensory genomics highlights the need for an up-to-date understanding of the neural architecture of the mosquito brain. Here we present a detailed description of the neural structure of the primary target of the majority of these neurons, the deutocerebrum, in the African malaria (Anopheles gambiae) and yellow fever (Aedes aegypti) mosquitoes. Special focus is made on the olfactory system, the antennal lobe (AL), where we present high-resolution three-dimensional models of the ALs of male and female Ae. aegypti. These models reveal a sexual dimorphism in the number of glomeruli, 49 and 50 glomeruli in male and female mosquitoes, respectively, and in the size of several of the identified glomeruli. The fine structure of receptor neuron terminations in the AL and the rest of the deutocerebrum is described, as are the arborizations of intrinsic deutocerebral neurons and neurons providing output to higher brain areas. In the AL a specific and very large center receiving input from the mechanosensory Johnston's organ is revealed as a multilobed structure receiving peripheral input according to a somatotopic pattern. Within the antennal nerve a specific neuropil containing early, bouton-like ramifications of receptor neurons is described. Within the glomerular array of the AL, neurons providing a possible feedback circuit to antennal receptor neurons are shown. With these results we provide a new resolution in mosquito deutocerebral architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Ignell
- Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
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13
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Tang Z, Sun Y, Harley SE, Zou H, Yu H. Human Bub1 protects centromeric sister-chromatid cohesion through Shugoshin during mitosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:18012-7. [PMID: 15604152 PMCID: PMC539817 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0408600102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sister chromatids in mammalian cells remain attached mostly at their centromeres at metaphase because of the loss of cohesion along chromosome arms in prophase. Here, we report that Bub1 retains centromeric cohesion in mitosis of human cells. Depletion of Bub1 or Shugoshin (Sgo1) in HeLa cells by RNA interference causes massive missegregation of sister chromatids that originates at centromeres. Surprisingly, loss of chromatid cohesion in Bub1 and Sgo1 RNA-interference cells does not appear to require the full activation of separase but, instead, triggers a mitotic arrest that depends on Mad2 and Aurora B. Bub1 maintains the steady-state levels and centromeric localization of Sgo1. Therefore, Bub1 protects centromeric cohesion through Shugoshin in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA
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