1
|
Berg P, Mappes T, Kujala MV. Olfaction in the canine cognitive and emotional processes: From behavioral and neural viewpoints to measurement possibilities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105527. [PMID: 38160722 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) have excellent olfactory processing capabilities that are utilized widely in human society e.g., working with customs, police, and army; their scent detection is also used in guarding, hunting, mold-sniffing, searching for missing people or animals, and facilitating the life of the disabled. Sniffing and searching for odors is a natural, species-typical behavior and essential for the dog's welfare. While taking advantage of this canine ability widely, we understand its foundations and implications quite poorly. We can improve animal welfare by better understanding their olfactory world. In this review, we outline the olfactory processing of dogs in the nervous system, summarize the current knowledge of scent detection and differentiation; the effect of odors on the dogs' cognitive and emotional processes and the dog-human bond; and consider the methodological advancements that could be developed further to aid in our understanding of the canine world of odors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Berg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland,.
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Miiamaaria V Kujala
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland,; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO BOX 57, FI-00014, Finland; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ekanayake A, Yang Q, Kanekar S, Ahmed B, McCaslin S, Kalra D, Eslinger P, Karunanayaka P. Monorhinal and Birhinal Odor Processing in Humans: an fMRI investigation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.01.551475. [PMID: 37577649 PMCID: PMC10418263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory nerve, also known as cranial nerve I, is known to have exclusive ipsilateral projections to primary olfactory cortical structures. It is still unclear whether these projections also correspond to functional pathways of odor processing. In an olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of twenty young healthy subjects with a normal sense of smell, we tested whether nostril specific stimulation with phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA), a pure olfactory stimulant, asymmetrically activates primary or secondary olfactory-related brain structures such as primary olfactory cortex, entorhinal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex. The results indicated that without a challenging olfactory task, passive (no sniffing) and active (with sniffing) nostril-specific PEA stimulation did not produce asymmetrical fMRI activation in olfactory cortical structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupa Ekanayake
- Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sangam Kanekar
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Biyar Ahmed
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Silas McCaslin
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Deepak Kalra
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Paul Eslinger
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Prasanna Karunanayaka
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smell-induced gamma oscillations in human olfactory cortex are required for accurate perception of odor identity. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001509. [PMID: 34986157 PMCID: PMC8765613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of neuronal oscillations have contributed substantial insight into the mechanisms of visual, auditory, and somatosensory perception. However, progress in such research in the human olfactory system has lagged behind. As a result, the electrophysiological properties of the human olfactory system are poorly understood, and, in particular, whether stimulus-driven high-frequency oscillations play a role in odor processing is unknown. Here, we used direct intracranial recordings from human piriform cortex during an odor identification task to show that 3 key oscillatory rhythms are an integral part of the human olfactory cortical response to smell: Odor induces theta, beta, and gamma rhythms in human piriform cortex. We further show that these rhythms have distinct relationships with perceptual behavior. Odor-elicited gamma oscillations occur only during trials in which the odor is accurately perceived, and features of gamma oscillations predict odor identification accuracy, suggesting that they are critical for odor identity perception in humans. We also found that the amplitude of high-frequency oscillations is organized by the phase of low-frequency signals shortly following sniff onset, only when odor is present. Our findings reinforce previous work on theta oscillations, suggest that gamma oscillations in human piriform cortex are important for perception of odor identity, and constitute a robust identification of the characteristic electrophysiological response to smell in the human brain. Future work will determine whether the distinct oscillations we identified reflect distinct perceptual features of odor stimuli. Intracranial recordings from human olfactory cortex reveal a characteristic spectrotemporal response to odors, including theta, beta and gamma oscillations, and show that high-frequency responses are critical for accurate perception of odors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Olfactory Virtual Reality: A New Frontier in the Treatment and Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081070. [PMID: 34439689 PMCID: PMC8391796 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective piece reviews the clinical condition of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is currently increasing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and recent research illustrating how olfaction is being incorporated into virtual reality (VR) platforms. I then discuss the latest work examining the potential of olfactory virtual reality (OVR) for the treatment of PTSD. From this foundation I suggest novel ways in which OVR may be implemented in PTSD therapy and harnessed for preventing the development of PTSD. Perceptual and chemical features of olfaction that should be considered in OVR applications are also discussed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Prichard A, Chhibber R, King J, Athanassiades K, Spivak M, Berns GS. Decoding Odor Mixtures in the Dog Brain: An Awake fMRI Study. Chem Senses 2021; 45:833-844. [PMID: 33179730 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In working and practical contexts, dogs rely upon their ability to discriminate a target odor from distracting odors and other sensory stimuli. Using awake functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 18 dogs, we examined the neural mechanisms underlying odor discrimination between 2 odors and a mixture of the odors. Neural activation was measured during the presentation of a target odor (A) associated with a food reward, a distractor odor (B) associated with nothing, and a mixture of the two odors (A+B). Changes in neural activation during the presentations of the odor stimuli in individual dogs were measured over time within three regions known to be involved with odor processing: the caudate nucleus, the amygdala, and the olfactory bulbs. Average activation within the amygdala showed that dogs maximally differentiated between odor stimuli based on the stimulus-reward associations by the first run, while activation to the mixture (A+B) was most similar to the no-reward (B) stimulus. To clarify the neural representation of odor mixtures in the dog brain, we used a random forest classifier to compare multilabel (elemental) versus multiclass (configural) models. The multiclass model performed much better than the multilabel (weighted-F1 0.44 vs. 0.14), suggesting the odor mixture was processed configurally. Analysis of the subset of high-performing dogs' brain classification metrics revealed a network of olfactory information-carrying brain regions that included the amygdala, piriform cortex, and posterior cingulate. These results add further evidence for the configural processing of odor mixtures in dogs and suggest a novel way to identify high-performers based on brain classification metrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon King
- Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mark Spivak
- Comprehensive Pet Therapy, Inc., Sandy Springs, GA, USA.,Dog Star Technologies, LLC, Sandy Springs, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou G, Olofsson JK, Koubeissi MZ, Menelaou G, Rosenow J, Schuele SU, Xu P, Voss JL, Lane G, Zelano C. Human hippocampal connectivity is stronger in olfaction than other sensory systems. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 201:102027. [PMID: 33640412 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During mammalian evolution, primate neocortex expanded, shifting hippocampal functional networks away from primary sensory cortices, towards association cortices. Reflecting this rerouting, human resting hippocampal functional networks preferentially include higher association cortices, while those in rodents retained primary sensory cortices. Research on human visual, auditory and somatosensory systems shows evidence of this rerouting. Olfaction, however, is unique among sensory systems in its relative structural conservation throughout mammalian evolution, and it is unknown whether human primary olfactory cortex was subject to the same rerouting. We combined functional neuroimaging and intracranial electrophysiology to directly compare hippocampal functional networks across human sensory systems. We show that human primary olfactory cortex-including the anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex-has stronger functional connectivity with hippocampal networks at rest, compared to other sensory systems. This suggests that unlike other sensory systems, olfactory-hippocampal connectivity may have been retained in mammalian evolution. We further show that olfactory-hippocampal connectivity oscillates with nasal breathing. Our findings suggest olfaction might provide insight into how memory and cognition depend on hippocampal interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jonas K Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Rosenow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephan U Schuele
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Research Institute for Neuroscience and Neurotechnologies, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joel L Voss
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory Lane
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christina Zelano
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arroyo-Anlló EM, Sánchez JC, Gil R. Could Self-Consciousness Be Enhanced in Alzheimer’s Disease? An Approach from Emotional Sensorial Stimulation. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:505-521. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) provides a valuable field of research into impairment of self-consciousness (SC), because AD patients have a reduced capacity to understand their mental world, to experience and relive previous personal events, as well as to interpret thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about themselves. Several studies observed that AD patients had an altered SC, but not a complete abolition of it. Emotions are an integral part of the construction of personal identity, therefore of Self. In general, most studies on emotion in AD patients have observed that emotion is not completely abolished and it lets them better remember autobiographical events with greater emotional charge. The positive effect of autobiographical memories rich in emotional content, evoked directly/automatically by sensorial stimuli such as familiar odors or music, could be used to reestablish/reinforce the permanence and coherence of the Self in AD. We studied the research of empirical evidence supporting the power of the sensorial cues associated with emotion, which could be capable of enhancing the SC in AD. We presented the studies about “Emotional stimulations” using odor, music, or taste cues in AD. All studies have shown to have a positive impact on SC in AD patients such as odor-evoked autobiographical memories, taste/odor-evoked autobiographical memories, emotional sensorial stimulation using musical cues, and multi-sensorial stimulations using healing gardens. We found research supporting the notion that emotional sensorial stimulations can even temporarily exalt memory, affective state, and personal identity, that is, the SC in AD. The emotional sensory stimulations could be used as a tool to activate the SC in AD and hence improve the quality of life of patients and caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Arroyo-Anlló
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Salamanca, Neuroscience Institute of Castilla-León, Spain
| | | | - Roger Gil
- Emeriti Professor of Neurology, University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mikherdov AS, Novikov AS, Boyarskiy VP, Kukushkin VY. The halogen bond with isocyano carbon reduces isocyanide odor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2921. [PMID: 32523100 PMCID: PMC7286913 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Predominantly, carbon atoms of various species function as acceptors of noncovalent interactions when they are part of a π-system. Here, we report on the discovery of a halogen bond involving the isocyano carbon lone pair. The co-crystallization or mechanochemical liquid-assisted grinding of model mesityl isocyanide with four iodoperfluorobenezenes leads to a series of halogen-bonded adducts with isocyanides. The obtained adducts were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state IR and 13C NMR spectroscopies, and also by thermogravimetric analysis. The formation of the halogen bond with the isocyano group leads to a strong reduction of the isocyanide odor (3- to 46-fold gas phase concentration decrease). This manipulation makes isocyanides more suitable for laboratory storage and usage while preserving their reactivity, which is found to be similar between the adducts and the parent isocyanide in some common transformations, such as ligation to metal centers and the multi-component Ugi reaction. Carbon atoms of various species typically function as acceptors of noncovalent interactions when they are part of a π-system. Here, the authors report their discovery of a noncovalent halogen bond involving the isocyano carbon lone pair, which results in adducts with strongly reduced isocyanide odor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Mikherdov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim P Boyarskiy
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cornell Kärnekull S, Arshamian A, Willander J, Jönsson FU, Nilsson ME, Larsson M. The reminiscence bump is blind to blindness: Evidence from sound- and odor-evoked autobiographical memory. Conscious Cogn 2020; 78:102876. [PMID: 31923883 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2019.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The reminiscence bump is the disproportionally high reporting of autobiographical memories from adolescence and early adulthood and is typically observed when memories are evoked by cues, such as words, pictures, and sounds. However, when odors are used the bump shifts to early childhood. Although these findings indicate that sensory modality affects the bump, the influence of the individual's sensory function on the reminiscence bumps is unknown. We examined the reminiscence bumps of sound- and odor-evoked autobiographical memories of early blind and sighted individuals, since early blindness implies considerable effects on sensory experience. Despite differences in sensory experience between blind and sighted individuals, the groups displayed similar age distributions of both sound- and odor-evoked memories. The auditory bump spanned the first two decades of life, whereas the olfactory bump was once again found in early childhood. These results demonstrate that the reminiscence bumps are robust to fundamental differences in sensory experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Artin Arshamian
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Willander
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | | | - Mats E Nilsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Whitcroft KL, Fischer J, Han P, Raue C, Bensafi M, Gudziol V, Andrews P, Hummel T. Structural Plasticity of the Primary and Secondary Olfactory cortices: Increased Gray Matter Volume Following Surgical Treatment for Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Neuroscience 2018; 395:22-34. [PMID: 30326289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Functional plasticity of the adult brain is well established. Recently, the structural counterpart to such plasticity has been suggested by neuroimaging studies showing experience-dependent differences in gray matter (GM) volumes. Within the primary and secondary olfactory cortices, reduced GM volumes have been demonstrated in patients with olfactory loss. However, these cross-sectional studies do not provide causal evidence for GM volume change, and thereby structural plasticity. Disorders of the peripheral olfactory system, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), provide an ideal model to study GM structural plasticity, given that patients may experience long periods of olfactory impairment, followed by near complete recovery with treatment. We therefore performed a prospective longitudinal study in patients undergoing surgical treatment for CRS. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate GM volume change in 12 patients (M:F = 7:5; 47.2 ± 14.9 years), 3 months post-op. There was a significant improvement in olfactory function according to birhinal psychophysical testing. We performed a voxel-wise region of interest analysis, with significance corrected for number of regions (p < 0.0036corr). We found significantly increased post-operative GM volumes within the primary (left piriform cortex, right amygdala) and secondary (right orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, hippocampal-parahippocampal complex and bilateral temporal poles) olfactory networks, and decreased GM volumes within the secondary network only (left caudate nucleus and temporal pole, bilateral hippocampal-parahippocampal complex). As a control measure, we assessed GM change within V1, S1 and A1, where there were no suprathreshold voxels. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate GM structural plasticity within the primary and secondary olfactory cortices, following restoration of olfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Whitcroft
- Interdisciplinary Smell and Taste Lab, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; UCL Ear Institute, University College London, UK; Centre for the Study of the Senses, Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, UK; Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, Department of Rhinology and Facial Plastic Surgery, London, UK.
| | - J Fischer
- Interdisciplinary Smell and Taste Lab, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Han
- Interdisciplinary Smell and Taste Lab, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Raue
- Department of Neuroradiology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Bensafi
- Department of Psychology, University of Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - V Gudziol
- Interdisciplinary Smell and Taste Lab, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Andrews
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, UK; Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, Department of Rhinology and Facial Plastic Surgery, London, UK
| | - T Hummel
- Interdisciplinary Smell and Taste Lab, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Császár-Nagy N, Bókkon I. Mother-newborn separation at birth in hospitals: A possible risk for neurodevelopmental disorders? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 84:337-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Zhang B, Huo X, Xu L, Cheng Z, Cong X, Lu X, Xu X. Elevated lead levels from e-waste exposure are linked to decreased olfactory memory in children. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1112-1121. [PMID: 28802781 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a developmental neurotoxicant and can cause abnormal development of the nervous system in children. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pb exposure on child olfactory memory by correlating the blood Pb levels of children in Guiyu with olfactory memory tests. We recruited 61 preschool children, 4- to 7-years of age, from Guiyu and 57 children from Haojiang. The mean blood Pb level of Guiyu children was 9.40 μg/dL, significantly higher than the 5.04 μg/dL mean blood Pb level of Haojiang children. In addition, approximately 23% of Guiyu children had blood Pb levels exceeding 10.00 μg/dL. The correlation analysis showed that blood Pb levels in children highly correlated with e-waste contact (rs = 0.393). Moreover, the mean concentration of serum BDNF in Guiyu children (35.91 ng/ml) was higher than for Haojiang (28.10 ng/ml) and was positively correlated with blood Pb levels. Both item and source olfactory memory tests at 15 min, 5 h and 24 h after odor exposure showed that scores were lower in Guiyu children indicative of reduced olfactory memory in Guiyu children. Olfactory memory tests scores negatively correlated with blood Pb and serum BDNF levels, but were positively associated with parental education levels. At the same time, scores of both tests on children in the high blood Pb level group (blood Pb levels > 5.00 μg/dL) were lower than those in the low blood Pb level group (blood Pb levels ≤ 5.00 μg/dL), implying that Pb exposure decreases olfactory memory in children. Our findings suggest that Pb exposure in e-waste recycling and dismantling areas could result in an increase in serum BDNF level and a decrease in child olfactory memory, in addition, BDNF might be involved in olfactory memory impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Long Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiheng Cheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Cong
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Lu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Karunanayaka PR, Wilson DA, Tobia MJ, Martinez BE, Meadowcroft MD, Eslinger PJ, Yang QX. Default mode network deactivation during odor-visual association. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:1125-1139. [PMID: 27785847 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Default mode network (DMN) deactivation has been shown to be functionally relevant for goal-directed cognition. In this study, the DMN's role during olfactory processing was investigated using two complementary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms with identical timing, visual-cue stimulation, and response monitoring protocols. Twenty-nine healthy, non-smoking, right-handed adults (mean age = 26 ± 4 years, 16 females) completed an odor-visual association fMRI paradigm that had two alternating odor + visual and visual-only trial conditions. During odor + visual trials, a visual cue was presented simultaneously with an odor, while during visual-only trial conditions the same visual cue was presented alone. Eighteen of the twenty-nine participants (mean age = 27.0 ± 6.0 years, 11 females) also took part in a control no-odor fMRI paradigm that consisted of a visual-only trial condition which was identical to the visual-only trials in the odor-visual association paradigm. Independent Component Analysis (ICA), extended unified structural equation modeling (euSEM), and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) were used to investigate the interplay between the DMN and olfactory network. In the odor-visual association paradigm, DMN deactivation was evoked by both the odor + visual and visual-only trial conditions. In contrast, the visual-only trials in the no-odor paradigm did not evoke consistent DMN deactivation. In the odor-visual association paradigm, the euSEM and PPI analyses identified a directed connectivity between the DMN and olfactory network which was significantly different between odor + visual and visual-only trial conditions. The results support a strong interaction between the DMN and olfactory network and highlights the DMN's role in task-evoked brain activity and behavioral responses during olfactory processing. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1125-1139, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna R Karunanayaka
- Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald A Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York.,Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Tobia
- Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Brittany E Martinez
- Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark D Meadowcroft
- Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul J Eslinger
- Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Qing X Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Odor-induced recall of emotional memories in PTSD–Review and new paradigm for research. Exp Neurol 2016; 284:168-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
16
|
The Role of Odor-Evoked Memory in Psychological and Physiological Health. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6030022. [PMID: 27447673 PMCID: PMC5039451 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the special features of odor-evoked memory and the current state-of-the-art in odor-evoked memory research to show how these unique experiences may be able to influence and benefit psychological and physiological health. A review of the literature leads to the conclusion that odors that evoke positive autobiographical memories have the potential to increase positive emotions, decrease negative mood states, disrupt cravings, and reduce physiological indices of stress, including systemic markers of inflammation. Olfactory perception factors and individual difference characteristics that would need to be considered in therapeutic applications of odor-evoked-memory are also discussed. This article illustrates how through the experimentally validated mechanisms of odor-associative learning and the privileged neuroanatomical relationship that exists between olfaction and the neural substrates of emotion, odors can be harnessed to induce emotional and physiological responses that can improve human health and wellbeing.
Collapse
|
17
|
Willander J, Sikström S, Karlsson K. Multimodal retrieval of autobiographical memories: sensory information contributes differently to the recollection of events. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1681. [PMID: 26594186 PMCID: PMC4633501 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on autobiographical memory have focused on unimodal retrieval cues (i.e., cues pertaining to one modality). However, from an ecological perspective multimodal cues (i.e., cues pertaining to several modalities) are highly important to investigate. In the present study we investigated age distributions and experiential ratings of autobiographical memories retrieved with unimodal and multimodal cues. Sixty-two participants were randomized to one of four cue-conditions: visual, olfactory, auditory, or multimodal. The results showed that the peak of the distributions depends on the modality of the retrieval cue. The results indicated that multimodal retrieval seemed to be driven by visual and auditory information to a larger extent and to a lesser extent by olfactory information. Finally, no differences were observed in the number of retrieved memories or experiential ratings across the four cue-conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Willander
- Department of Social Work and Psychology, University of Gävle Gä vle, Sweden ; Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Proustian Products are Preferred: The Relationship Between Odor-Evoked Memory and Product Evaluation. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12078-015-9182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
19
|
Hudry J, Ryvlin P, Saive AL, Ravel N, Plailly J, Royet JP. Lateralization of olfactory processing: differential impact of right and left temporal lobe epilepsies. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 37:184-90. [PMID: 25048728 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory processes were reported to be lateralized. The purpose of this study was to further explore this phenomenon and investigate the effect of the hemispheric localization of epileptogenic foci on olfactory deficits in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Olfactory functioning was assessed in 61 patients and 60 healthy control (HC) subjects. The patients and HC subjects were asked to rate the intensity, pleasantness, familiarity, and edibility of 12 common odorants and then identify them. Stimulations were delivered monorhinally in the nostril ipsilateral to the epileptogenic focus in TLE and arbitrarily in either the left or the right nostril in the HC subjects. The results demonstrated that regardless of the side of stimulation, patients with TLE had reduced performance in all olfactory tasks compared with the HC subjects. With regard to the side of the epileptogenic focus, patients with left TLE judged odors as less pleasant and had more difficulty with identification than patients with right TLE, underlining a privileged role of the left hemisphere in the emotional and semantic processing of odors. Finally, irrespective of group, a tendency towards a right-nostril advantage for judging odor familiarity was found in agreement with a prominent role of the right hemisphere in odor memory processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hudry
- Olfaction: From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; TIGER, Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS 5292, Lyon-1 University, Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, Lausanne, Swizterland
| | - Anne-Lise Saive
- Olfaction: From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Nadine Ravel
- Olfaction: From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Jane Plailly
- Olfaction: From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Royet
- Olfaction: From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Saive AL, Royet JP, Plailly J. A review on the neural bases of episodic odor memory: from laboratory-based to autobiographical approaches. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:240. [PMID: 25071494 PMCID: PMC4083449 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Odors are powerful cues that trigger episodic memories. However, in light of the amount of behavioral data describing the characteristics of episodic odor memory, the paucity of information available on the neural substrates of this function is startling. Furthermore, the diversity of experimental paradigms complicates the identification of a generic episodic odor memory network. We conduct a systematic review of the literature depicting the current state of the neural correlates of episodic odor memory in healthy humans by placing a focus on the experimental approaches. Functional neuroimaging data are introduced by a brief characterization of the memory processes investigated. We present and discuss laboratory-based approaches, such as odor recognition and odor associative memory, and autobiographical approaches, such as the evaluation of odor familiarity and odor-evoked autobiographical memory. We then suggest the development of new laboratory-ecological approaches allowing for the controlled encoding and retrieval of specific multidimensional events that could open up new prospects for the comprehension of episodic odor memory and its neural underpinnings. While large conceptual differences distinguish experimental approaches, the overview of the functional neuroimaging findings suggests relatively stable neural correlates of episodic odor memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Saive
- Olfaction: from Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292-INSERM U1028-University Lyon1 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Royet
- Olfaction: from Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292-INSERM U1028-University Lyon1 Lyon, France
| | - Jane Plailly
- Olfaction: from Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292-INSERM U1028-University Lyon1 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Larsson M, Willander J, Karlsson K, Arshamian A. Olfactory LOVER: behavioral and neural correlates of autobiographical odor memory. Front Psychol 2014; 5:312. [PMID: 24782810 PMCID: PMC3990043 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memories (AMs) are personally experienced events that may be localized in time and space. In the present work we present an overview targeting memories evoked by the sense of smell. Overall, research indicates that autobiographical odor memory is different than memories evoked by our primary sensory systems; sight, and hearing. Here, observed differences from a behavioral and neuroanatomical perspective are presented. The key features of an olfactory evoked AM may be referred to the LOVER acronym-Limbic, Old, Vivid, Emotional, and Rare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Larsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Willander
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Artin Arshamian
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Robinson AK, Mattingley JB, Reinhard J. Odors enhance the salience of matching images during the attentional blink. Front Integr Neurosci 2013; 7:77. [PMID: 24223539 PMCID: PMC3819112 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As any food critic knows, the visual presentation of a dish can enhance its aroma. Is the reverse also true? Here we investigated whether odors can enhance the salience of familiar visual objects at the limits of perceptual discrimination, using rapid serial visual presentations (RSVP) to induce an attentional blink (AB). We had participants view RSVP streams containing photographs of odor-related objects (lemon, orange, rose, and mint) amongst non-odor related distractors. In each trial, participants inhaled a single odor, which either matched the odor-related target within the stream (congruent trials), did not match the odor-related target (incongruent trials), or was irrelevant with respect to the target. Congruent odors significantly attenuated the AB for odor-related visual targets, compared with incongruent and irrelevant odors. The findings suggest that familiar odors can render matching visual objects more salient, thereby enhancing their competitive strength at the limits of temporal attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Robinson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saive AL, Ravel N, Thévenet M, Royet JP, Plailly J. A novel experimental approach to episodic memory in humans based on the privileged access of odors to memories. J Neurosci Methods 2012. [PMID: 23201236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory is defined as the conscious recollection of a personal event (What) in its spatial (Where) and contextual (Which context) environment. In existing approaches, human episodic memory is either explored separately from real-life situations or is not fully controlled. In this study, we propose an intermediate approach, inspired by animal studies, that permits the control of the encoding and recall phases, while still being ecologically valid. As odors are known to be especially evocative reminders, we explored the memory of olfactory episodes. During trial-unique encoding, participants freely explored three episodes, one episode per day, each composed of three unnamable odors (What) that were positioned at specific locations on a board (Where) within a visual context (Which context). On the fourth day, both old and new odors were presented, and when an odor was recognized, the participants had to remember both its spatial location and the visual context in which it occurred. In Experiment 1, the participants were highly proficient at recognizing odors, and they recall the spatio-contextual environment associated with these odors in approximately half of the trials. To adapt the recall procedure to the constraints of fMRI, we conducted Experiment 2 demonstrating that trial repetition did not disturb the memory process. Thus, we first validated our protocol, which investigates the memory of olfactory episodes in a fully controlled way that is as close as possible to real-life situations. Then, we demonstrated the adaptability of our protocol for the future exploration of the neural networks implicated in episodic recall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Saive
- Olfaction: From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, F-69366 Lyon cedex 07, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arshamian A, Iannilli E, Gerber JC, Willander J, Persson J, Seo HS, Hummel T, Larsson M. The functional neuroanatomy of odor evoked autobiographical memories cued by odors and words. Neuropsychologia 2012; 51:123-31. [PMID: 23147501 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral evidence indicates that odor evoked autobiographical memories (OEAMs) are older, more emotional, less thought of and induce stronger time traveling characteristics than autobiographical memories (AMs) evoked by other modalities. The main aim of this study was to explore the neural correlates of AMs evoked by odors as a function of retrieval cue. Participants were screened for specific OEAMs and later presented with the odor cue and its verbal referent in an fMRI paradigm. Because the same OEAM was retrieved across both cue formats (odor and word), potential cue dependent brain activations were investigated. The overall results showed that odor and word cued OEAMs activated regions typically associated with recollection of autobiographical information. Although no odors were presented, a verbal cuing of the OEAMs activated areas associated with olfactory perception (e.g., piriform cortex). However, relative to word cuing, an odor cuing of OEAMs resulted in more activity in MTL regions such as the parahippocampus, and areas involved in visual vividness (e.g., occipital gyrus and precuneus). Furthermore, odor cues activated areas related to emotional processing, such as limbic and tempopolar regions significantly more. In contrast, word cues relative to odor cues recruited a more widespread and bilateral prefrontal activity. Hippocampus activity did not vary as function of the remoteness of the memory, but recollection of OEAMs from the 1(st) vs the 2(nd) decade of life showed specific activation in the right OFC, whereas the 2(nd) reflected a higher activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artin Arshamian
- Smell and Taste Clinic, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
McNorgan C. A meta-analytic review of multisensory imagery identifies the neural correlates of modality-specific and modality-general imagery. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:285. [PMID: 23087637 PMCID: PMC3474291 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between imagery and mental representations induced through perception has been the subject of philosophical discussion since antiquity and of vigorous scientific debate in the last century. The relatively recent advent of functional neuroimaging has allowed neuroscientists to look for brain-based evidence for or against the argument that perceptual processes underlie mental imagery. Recent investigations of imagery in many new domains and the parallel development of new meta-analytic techniques now afford us a clearer picture of the relationship between the neural processes underlying imagery and perception, and indeed between imagery and other cognitive processes. This meta-analysis surveyed 65 studies investigating modality-specific imagery in auditory, tactile, motor, gustatory, olfactory, and three visual sub-domains: form, color and motion. Activation likelihood estimate (ALE) analyses of activation foci reported within- and across sensorimotor modalities were conducted. The results indicate that modality-specific imagery activations generally overlap with—but are not confined to—corresponding somatosensory processing and motor execution areas, and suggest that there is a core network of brain regions recruited during imagery, regardless of task. These findings have important implications for investigations of imagery and theories of cognitive processes, such as perceptually-based representational systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris McNorgan
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lehn H, Kjønigsen LJ, Kjelvik G, Håberg AK. Hippocampal involvement in retrieval of odor vs. object memories. Hippocampus 2012; 23:122-8. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
27
|
Seubert J, Freiherr J, Frasnelli J, Hummel T, Lundström JN. Orbitofrontal cortex and olfactory bulb volume predict distinct aspects of olfactory performance in healthy subjects. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:2448-56. [PMID: 22875864 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While recent studies suggest an important role of higher order olfactory brain areas for basic olfactory performance, the extent to which cortical and peripheral neural markers account for separate portions of the variability in olfactory perceptual acuity is still unclear. We addressed this question by correlating voxel-based morphometry data from 90 healthy adults with olfactory performance measures. Supplementing this approach with region of interest (ROI) analyses of functionally defined olfactory cortical regions and olfactory bulb volume, we sought to disentangle the relative contribution of central and peripheral areas to behavioral variability. Whole-brain analyses revealed a significant positive correlation of gray matter volume and olfactory function scores in the right orbital sulcus. This effect was confirmed by the ROI analyses, which further indicated a significant association of the olfactory score with olfactory bulb volume. Moreover, a functional dissociation was observed, with central and peripheral mechanisms explaining different aspects of the observed behavioral variance in the olfactory subscores. In line with previous clinical studies, these data thus suggest an important role of regional gray matter volume in the right orbitofrontal cortex and olfactory bulb volume for olfactory performance in healthy individuals.
Collapse
|
28
|
Miles AN, Berntsen D. Odour-induced mental time travel into the past and future: do odour cues retain a unique link to our distant past? Memory 2011; 19:930-40. [PMID: 22032615 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2011.613847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Proustian memories, or memories spontaneously evoked by taste and odours, have been argued to be uniquely linked to our remote past. This view suggests an asymmetry between odour-cued memories and odour-cued representations of future events regarding their temporal distance to the present. We investigated the temporal distribution and other phenomenological qualities of autobiographical memories and future events employing a 2 (temporal direction: past vs future) × 3 (cue type: verbal, visual, and odour) mixed design. We found that while odour-evoked memories were predominantly from the first decade of life, the future condition showed a marked preponderance of odour-cued events in the upcoming year. Odour-evoked memories were also less specific than the verbal and visual conditions. The odour condition was responsible for interactions concerning coherency of the events and the events' significance to the life story. The results support the view that odours possess a unique ability to evoke remote autobiographical memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Miles
- Department of Psychology, Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|