1
|
Martinez CM, Corn KA, Williamson S, Satterfield D, Roberts-Hugghis AS, Barley A, Borstein SR, McGee MD, Wainwright PC. Replicated Functional Evolution in Cichlid Adaptive Radiations. Am Nat 2024; 204:242-257. [PMID: 39179237 DOI: 10.1086/731477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
AbstractAdaptive radiations highlight the mechanisms by which species and traits diversify and the extent to which these patterns are predictable. We used 1,110 high-speed videos of suction feeding to study functional and morphological diversification in 300 cichlid species from three African Great Lake radiations of varying ages (Victoria, Malawi, and Tanganyika) and an older, spatially dispersed continental radiation in the Neotropics. Among African radiations, standing diversity was reflective of time. Morphological and functional variance in Lake Victoria, the youngest radiation, was a subset of that within Lake Malawi, which itself was nested within the older Tanganyikan radiation. However, functional diversity in Neotropical cichlids was often lower than that in Lake Tanganyika, despite being much older. These two radiations broadly overlapped, but each diversified into novel trait spaces not found in the youngest lake radiations. Evolutionary rates across radiations were inversely related to age, suggesting extremely rapid trait evolution at early stages, particularly in lake radiations. Despite this support for early bursts, other patterns of trait diversity were inconsistent with expectations of adaptive radiations. This work suggests that cichlid functional evolution has played out in strikingly similar fashion in different radiations, with contingencies eventually resulting in lineage-specific novelties.
Collapse
|
2
|
Suissa JS, Li FW, Moreau CS. Convergent evolution of fern nectaries facilitated independent recruitment of ant-bodyguards from flowering plants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4392. [PMID: 38789437 PMCID: PMC11126701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-herbivore interactions reciprocally influence species' evolutionary trajectories. These interactions have led to many physical and chemical defenses across the plant kingdom. Some plants have even evolved indirect defense strategies to outsource their protection to ant bodyguards by bribing them with a sugary reward (nectar). Identifying the evolutionary processes underpinning these indirect defenses provide insight into the evolution of plant-animal interactions. Using a cross-kingdom, phylogenetic approach, we examined the convergent evolution of ant-guarding nectaries across ferns and flowering plants. Here, we discover that nectaries originated in ferns and flowering plants concurrently during the Cretaceous, coinciding with the rise of plant associations in ants. While nectaries in flowering plants evolved steadily through time, ferns showed a pronounced lag of nearly 100 My between their origin and subsequent diversification in the Cenozoic. Importantly, we find that as ferns transitioned from the forest floor into the canopy, they secondarily recruited ant bodyguards from existing ant-angiosperm relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Suissa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Corrie S Moreau
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Environmentally driven phenotypic convergence and niche conservatism accompany speciation in hoary bats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21877. [PMID: 36536003 PMCID: PMC9763480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Species that are geographically widespread may exist across environmentally heterogeneous landscapes that could influence patterns of occupation and phylogeographic structure. Previous studies have suggested that geographic range size should be positively correlated with niche breadth, allowing widespread species to sustain viable populations over diverse environmental gradients. We examined the congruence of phenotypic and phylogenetic divergence with the environmental factors that help maintain species level diversity in the geographically widespread hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus sensu lato) across their distribution. Genetic sequences were analyzed using multiple phylogenetic and species delimitation methods, and phenotypic data were analyzed using supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches. Spatial data from environmental, geographic, and topographic features were analyzed in a multiple regression analysis to determine their relative effect on phenotypic diversity. Ecological niches of each hoary bat species were examined in environmental space to quantify niche overlap, equivalency, and the magnitude of niche differentiation. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses support existence of three geographically structured species of hoary bat, each of which is phenotypically distinct. However, the Hawaiian hoary bat is morphologically more similar to the South American species than to the North American species despite a closer phylogenetic relationship to the latter. Multiple regression and niche analyses revealed higher environmental similarities between the South American and Hawaiian species. Hoary bats thus exhibit a pattern of phenotypic variation that disagrees with well-supported genetic divergences, instead indicating phenotypic convergence driven by similar environmental features and relatively conserved niches occupied in tropical latitudes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fernández-Mazuecos M, Vargas P, McCauley RA, Monjas D, Otero A, Chaves JA, Guevara Andino JE, Rivas-Torres G. The Radiation of Darwin’s Giant Daisies in the Galápagos Islands. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4989-4998.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
Gillespie RG, Benjamin SP, Brewer MS, Rivera MAJ, Roderick GK. Repeated Diversification of Ecomorphs in Hawaiian Stick Spiders. Curr Biol 2018. [PMID: 29526585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Insular adaptive radiations in which repeated bouts of diversification lead to phenotypically similar sets of taxa serve to highlight predictability in the evolutionary process [1]. However, examples of such replicated events are rare. Cross-clade comparisons of adaptive radiations are much needed to determine whether similar ecological opportunities can lead to the same outcomes. Here, we report a heretofore uncovered adaptive radiation of Hawaiian stick spiders (Theridiidae, Ariamnes) in which different species exhibit a set of discrete ecomorphs associated with different microhabitats. The three primary ecomorphs (gold, dark, and matte white) generally co-occur in native forest habitats. Phylogenetic reconstruction mapped onto the well-known chronosequence of the Hawaiian Islands shows both that this lineage colonized the islands only once and relatively recently (2-3 mya, when Kauai and Oahu were the only high islands in the archipelago) and that the distinct ecomorphs evolved independently multiple times following colonization of new islands. This parallel evolution of ecomorphs matches that of "spiny-leg" long-jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae, Tetragnatha), also in Hawaii [2]. Both lineages are free living, and both have related lineages in the Hawaiian Islands that show quite different patterns of diversification with no evidence of deterministic evolution. We argue that repeated evolution of ecomorphs results from a rugged adaptive landscape, with the few peaks associated with camouflage for these free-living taxa against the markedly low diversity of predators on isolated islands. These features, coupled with a limited genetic toolbox and reduced dispersal between islands, appear to be common to situations of repeated evolution of ecomorphs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary G Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Suresh P Benjamin
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka
| | - Michael S Brewer
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Malia Ana J Rivera
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - George K Roderick
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan J, Rattray JB, Yang X, Jiang L. Spatial storage effect promotes biodiversity during adaptive radiation. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0841. [PMID: 28701564 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many ecological communities are enormously diverse. Variation in environmental conditions over time and space provides opportunities for temporal and spatial storage effects to operate, potentially promoting species coexistence and biodiversity. While several studies have provided empirical evidence supporting the significance of the temporal storage effect for coexistence, empirical tests of the role of the spatial storage effect are rare. In particular, we know little about how the spatial storage effect contributes to biodiversity over evolutionary timescales. Here, we report the first experimental study on the role of the spatial storage effect in the maintenance of biodiversity in evolving metacommunities, using the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 as a laboratory model of adaptive radiation. We found that intercommunity spatial heterogeneity promoted phenotypic diversity of P. fluorescens in the presence of dispersal among local communities, by allowing the spatial storage effect to operate. Mechanistically, greater niche differences among P. fluorescens phenotypes arose in metacommunities with intercommunity spatial heterogeneity, facilitating negative frequency-dependent selection, and thus, the coexistence among P. fluorescens phenotypes. These results highlight the importance of the spatial storage effect for biodiversity over evolutionary timescales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jennifer B Rattray
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Xian Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Whittaker RJ, Fernández-Palacios JM, Matthews TJ, Borregaard MK, Triantis KA. Island biogeography: Taking the long view of nature’s laboratories. Science 2017; 357:357/6354/eaam8326. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam8326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
8
|
Dechmann DKN, LaPoint S, Dullin C, Hertel M, Taylor JRE, Zub K, Wikelski M. Profound seasonal shrinking and regrowth of the ossified braincase in phylogenetically distant mammals with similar life histories. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42443. [PMID: 28211896 PMCID: PMC5304206 DOI: 10.1038/srep42443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ontogenetic changes in skull shape and size are ubiquitous in altricial vertebrates, but typically unidirectional and minimal in full-grown animals. Red-toothed shrews exhibit a rare exception, where the shape, mass and size of the skull, brain, and several major organs, show significant bidirectional seasonal changes. We now show a similar but male-biased shrinking (16%) and regrowth (8%) in the standardized braincase depth of least weasels (Mustela nivalis). Juvenile weasels also exhibit a growth overshoot, followed by a shrinkage period lasting until the end of their first winter. Only male weasels then regrow during their second summer. High-resolution CT scans suggest areas of the skull are affected differently during shrinking and regrowth in both species. This suggests multiple evolutionary drivers: while the shrinking likely facilitates survival during seasonal low resource availability in these high-metabolic mammals with year-round activity, the regrowth may be most strongly influenced by high investment into reproduction and territories, which is male-biased in the weasels. Our data provide evidence for convergent evolution of skull and thus brain shrinkage and regrowth, with important implications for understanding adaptations to changing environments and for applied research on the correlated changes in bone structure, brain size and the many other affected organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Scott LaPoint
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palisades, New York 10964, USA
| | - Christian Dullin
- University Hospital Göttingen, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Hertel
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Jan R. E. Taylor
- University of Białystok, Institute of Biology, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Zub
- Mammal Research Institute, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
O'Meara BC, Smith SD, Armbruster WS, Harder LD, Hardy CR, Hileman LC, Hufford L, Litt A, Magallón S, Smith SA, Stevens PF, Fenster CB, Diggle PK. Non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20152304. [PMID: 27147092 PMCID: PMC4874697 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Why are some traits and trait combinations exceptionally common across the tree of life, whereas others are vanishingly rare? The distribution of trait diversity across a clade at any time depends on the ancestral state of the clade, the rate at which new phenotypes evolve, the differences in speciation and extinction rates across lineages, and whether an equilibrium has been reached. Here we examine the role of transition rates, differential diversification (speciation minus extinction) and non-equilibrium dynamics on the evolutionary history of angiosperms, a clade well known for the abundance of some trait combinations and the rarity of others. Our analysis reveals that three character states (corolla present, bilateral symmetry, reduced stamen number) act synergistically as a key innovation, doubling diversification rates for lineages in which this combination occurs. However, this combination is currently less common than predicted at equilibrium because the individual characters evolve infrequently. Simulations suggest that angiosperms will remain far from the equilibrium frequencies of character states well into the future. Such non-equilibrium dynamics may be common when major innovations evolve rarely, allowing lineages with ancestral forms to persist, and even outnumber those with diversification-enhancing states, for tens of millions of years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C O'Meara
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Stacey D Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - W Scott Armbruster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lawrence D Harder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | | | - Lena C Hileman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Larry Hufford
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Amy Litt
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10459, USA
| | - Susana Magallón
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México
| | - Stephen A Smith
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Charles B Fenster
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Pamela K Diggle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rowe KC, Achmadi AS, Esselstyn JA. Repeated evolution of carnivory among Indo-Australian rodents. Evolution 2016; 70:653-65. [PMID: 26826614 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evolution, often observed in island archipelagos, provides compelling evidence for the importance of natural selection as a generator of species and ecological diversity. The Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) is the world's largest island system and encompasses distinct biogeographic units, including the Asian (Sunda) and Australian (Sahul) continental shelves, which together bracket the oceanic archipelagos of the Philippines and Wallacea. Each of these biogeographic units houses numerous endemic rodents in the family Muridae. Carnivorous murids, that is those that feed on animals, have evolved independently in Sunda, Sulawesi (part of Wallacea), the Philippines, and Sahul, but the number of origins of carnivory among IAA murids is unknown. We conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of carnivorous murids of the IAA, combined with estimates of ancestral states for broad diet categories (herbivore, omnivore, and carnivore) and geographic ranges. These analyses demonstrate that carnivory evolved independently four times after overwater colonization, including in situ origins on the Philippines, Sulawesi, and Sahul. In each biogeographic unit the origin of carnivory was followed by evolution of more specialized carnivorous ecomorphs such as vermivores, insectivores, and amphibious rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Rowe
- Sciences Department, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anang S Achmadi
- Research Center for Biology, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Jacob A Esselstyn
- Museum of Natural Science, 119 Foster Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gillespie RG. Island time and the interplay between ecology and evolution in species diversification. Evol Appl 2015; 9:53-73. [PMID: 27087839 PMCID: PMC4780372 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the dynamics of biodiversity has progressed tremendously over recent years, although in two separate directions – ecological, to determine change over space at a given time, and evolutionary, to understand change over time. Integration of these approaches has remained elusive. Archipelagoes with a known geological chronology provide an opportunity to study ecological interactions over evolutionary time. Here, I focus on the Hawaiian archipelago and summarize the development of ecological and evolutionary research; I emphasize spiders because they have attributes allowing analysis of ecological affinities in concert with diversification. Within this framework, I highlight recent insights from the island chronosequence, in particular the importance of (i) selection and genetic drift in generating diversity; (ii) fusion and fission in fostering diversification; and (iii) variability upon which selection can act. Insights into biodiversity dynamics at the nexus of ecology and evolution are now achievable by integrating new tools, in particular (i) ecological metrics (interaction networks, maximum entropy inference) across the chronosequence to uncover community dynamics and (ii) genomic tools to understand contemporaneous microevolutionary change. The work can inform applications of invasion and restoration ecology by elucidating the importance of changes in abundances, interaction strengths, and rates of evolutionary response in shaping biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary G Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ford AGP, Dasmahapatra KK, Rüber L, Gharbi K, Cezard T, Day JJ. High levels of interspecific gene flow in an endemic cichlid fish adaptive radiation from an extreme lake environment. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:3421-40. [PMID: 25997156 PMCID: PMC4973668 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Studying recent adaptive radiations in isolated insular systems avoids complicating causal events and thus may offer clearer insight into mechanisms generating biological diversity. Here, we investigate evolutionary relationships and genomic differentiation within the recent radiation of Alcolapia cichlid fish that exhibit extensive phenotypic diversification, and which are confined to the extreme soda lakes Magadi and Natron in East Africa. We generated an extensive RAD data set of 96 individuals from multiple sampling sites and found evidence for genetic admixture between species within Lake Natron, with the highest levels of admixture between sympatric populations of the most recently diverged species. Despite considerable environmental separation, populations within Lake Natron do not exhibit isolation by distance, indicating panmixia within the lake, although individuals within lineages clustered by population in phylogenomic analysis. Our results indicate exceptionally low genetic differentiation across the radiation despite considerable phenotypic trophic variation, supporting previous findings from smaller data sets; however, with the increased power of densely sampled SNPs, we identify genomic peaks of differentiation (FST outliers) between Alcolapia species. While evidence of ongoing gene flow and interspecies hybridization in certain populations suggests that Alcolapia species are incompletely reproductively isolated, the identification of outlier SNPs under diversifying selection indicates the radiation is undergoing adaptive divergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia G P Ford
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Lukas Rüber
- Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bernastrasse 15, Bern, 3005, Switzerland
| | - Karim Gharbi
- Edinburgh Genomics, Ashworth Laboratories, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Timothee Cezard
- Edinburgh Genomics, Ashworth Laboratories, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Julia J Day
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
De Busschere C, Van Belleghem SM, Hendrickx F. Inter and intra island introgression in a wolf spider radiation from the Galápagos, and its implications for parallel evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 84:73-84. [PMID: 25573742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parallel radiations within island systems are often assumed to follow a simple scenario in which single colonization events are followed by in situ adaptive divergence. However, subsequent gene exchange after the initial colonization and during the divergence process might have important evolutionary impacts on species radiations. Gene exchange among ecologically similar species from different islands may lead to introgression of adaptive genetic variation and influence the parallel divergence process. In this study, we estimate levels of gene exchange within a wolf spider radiation of the genus Hogna Simon, 1885, from the Galápagos, wherein habitat specialization into 'high elevation' and 'coastal dry' species apparently evolved repeatedly on two islands. By using a multilocus approach we show that low levels of inter-island and relatively higher levels of intra island introgression shaped genetic variation in this species complex. Using these estimates, we demonstrate by means of a coalescence simulation that under these inter- and intra-island migration rates parallel evolution most likely evolves by introgression of adaptive alleles among islands, rather than through independent mutations despite the close genetic relationship of species within islands. As species phylogenies within radiations are frequently used to infer the divergence pattern, even relatively low levels of interspecific gene flow should not be neglected when interpreting parallel trait evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte De Busschere
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven Marcel Van Belleghem
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Hendrickx
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Valente LM, Etienne RS, Phillimore AB. The effects of island ontogeny on species diversity and phylogeny. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20133227. [PMID: 24759856 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of island biogeography is to understand how island communities are assembled over time. However, we know little about the influence of variable area and ecological opportunity on island biotas over geological timescales. Islands have limited life spans, and it has been posited that insular diversity patterns should rise and fall with an island's ontogeny. The potential of phylogenies to inform us of island ontogenetic stage remains unclear, as we lack a phylogenetic framework that focuses on islands rather than clades. Here, we present a parsimonious island-centric model that integrates phylogeny and ontogeny into island biogeography and can incorporate a negative feedback of diversity on species origination. This framework allows us to generate predictions about species richness and phylogenies on islands of different ages. We find that peak richness lags behind peak island area, and that endemic species age increases with island age on volcanic islands. When diversity negatively affects rates of immigration and cladogenesis, our model predicts speciation slowdowns on old islands. Importantly, we find that branching times of in situ radiations can be informative of an island's ontogenetic stage. This novel framework provides a quantitative means of uncovering processes responsible for island biogeography patterns using phylogenies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Valente
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, , Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK, Unit of Evolutionary Biology / Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany, Community and Conservation Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, , PO Box 11103, Groningen 9700 CC, The Netherlands, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, , Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen Y. Tempo of Diversification of Global Amphibians: One-Constant Rate, One-Continuous Shift or Multiple-Discrete Shifts? ANIMAL SYSTEMATICS, EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY 2014. [DOI: 10.5635/ased.2014.30.1.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|