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Albashari AA, He Y, Luo Y, Duan X, Ali J, Li M, Fu D, Xiang Y, Peng Y, Li S, Luo L, Zan X, Kumeria T, Ye Q. Local Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Using a Dental Pulp Stem Cell Encapsulated H 2S Releasing Multifunctional Injectable Hydrogel. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302286. [PMID: 38056013 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) commonly induces nerve damage and nerve cell degeneration. In this work, a novel dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) encapsulated thermoresponsive injectable hydrogel with sustained hydrogen sulfide (H2S) delivery is demonstrated for SCI repair. For controlled and sustained H2S gas therapy, a clinically tested H2S donor (JK) loaded octysilane functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (OMSNs) are incorporated into the thermosensitive hydrogel made from Pluronic F127 (PF-127). The JK-loaded functionalized MSNs (OMSF@JK) promote preferential M2-like polarization of macrophages and neuronal differentiation of DPSCs in vitro. OMSF@JK incorporated PF-127 injectable hydrogel (PF-OMSF@JK) has a soft consistency similar to that of the human spinal cord and thus, shows a high cytocompatibility with DPSCs. The cross-sectional micromorphology of the hydrogel shows a continuous porous structure. Last, the PF-OMSF@JK composite hydrogel considerably improves the in vivo SCI regeneration in Sprague-Dawley rats through a reduction in inflammation and neuronal differentiation of the incorporated stem cells as confirmed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The highly encouraging in vivo results prove that this novel design on hydrogel is a promising therapy for SCI regeneration with the potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullkhaleg Ali Albashari
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yan He
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430064, China
- Oral Maxillofacial Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Xingxiang Duan
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Jihea Ali
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Dehao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yangfan Xiang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Youjian Peng
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Song Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Lihua Luo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Wenzhou Institute, University of China Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325024, China
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Australian Center for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Oral Maxillofacial Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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2
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El Manira A. Modular circuit organization for speed control of locomotor movements. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 82:102760. [PMID: 37597455 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Our movements and actions stem from complex processes in the central nervous system. Precise adaptation of locomotor movements is essential for effectively interacting with the environment. To understand the mechanisms underlying these movements, it is crucial to determine the organization of spinal circuits at the level of individual neurons and synapses. This review highlights the insights gained from studying spinal circuits in adult zebrafish and discusses their broader implications for our understanding of locomotor control across species.
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3
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Wyart C, Carbo-Tano M, Cantaut-Belarif Y, Orts-Del'Immagine A, Böhm UL. Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons: multimodal cells with diverse roles in the CNS. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:540-556. [PMID: 37558908 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a complex solution that circulates around the CNS, and whose composition changes as a function of an animal's physiological state. Ciliated neurons that are bathed in the CSF - and thus referred to as CSF-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) - are unusual polymodal interoceptive neurons. As chemoreceptors, CSF-cNs respond to variations in pH and osmolarity and to bacterial metabolites in the CSF. Their activation during infections of the CNS results in secretion of compounds to enhance host survival. As mechanosensory neurons, CSF-cNs operate together with an extracellular proteinaceous polymer known as the Reissner fibre to detect compression during spinal curvature. Once activated, CSF-cNs inhibit motor neurons, premotor excitatory neurons and command neurons to enhance movement speed and stabilize posture. At longer timescales, CSF-cNs instruct morphogenesis throughout life via the release of neuropeptides that act over long distances on skeletal muscle. Finally, recent evidence suggests that mouse CSF-cNs may act as neural stem cells in the spinal cord, inspiring new paths of investigation for repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), INSERM U1127, UMR CNRS 7225 Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Martin Carbo-Tano
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), INSERM U1127, UMR CNRS 7225 Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Cantaut-Belarif
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), INSERM U1127, UMR CNRS 7225 Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Urs L Böhm
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Liu X, Rich K, Nasseri SM, Li G, Hjæresen S, Finsen B, Scherberger H, Svenningsen Å, Zhang M. A Comparison of PKD2L1-Expressing Cerebrospinal Fluid Contacting Neurons in Spinal Cords of Rodents, Carnivores, and Primates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13582. [PMID: 37686387 PMCID: PMC10488076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) are a specific type of neurons located around the ventricles in the brain and the central canal in the spinal cord and have been demonstrated to be intrinsic sensory neurons in the central nervous system. One of the important channels responsible for the sensory function is the polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 (PKD2L1) channel. Most of the studies concerning the distribution and function of the PKD2L1-expressing CSF-cNs in the spinal cord have previously been performed in non-mammalian vertebrates. In the present study immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the distribution of PKD2L1-immunoreactive (IR) CSF-cNs in the spinal cords of four mammalian species: mouse, rat, cat, and macaque monkey. Here, we found that PKD2L1-expressing CSF-cNs were present at all levels of the spinal cord in these animal species. Although the distribution pattern was similar across these species, differences existed. Mice and rats presented a clear PKD2L1-IR cell body labeling, whereas in cats and macaques the PKD2L1-IR cell bodies were more weakly labeled. Ectopic PKD2L1-IR neurons away from the ependymal layer were observed in all the animal species although the abundance and the detailed locations varied. The apical dendritic protrusions with ciliated fibers were clearly seen in the lumen of the central canal in all the animal species, but the sizes of protrusion bulbs were different among the species. PKD2L1-IR cell bodies/dendrites were co-expressed with doublecortin, MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2), and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, but not with NeuN (neuronal nuclear protein), indicating their immature properties and ability to synthesize monoamine transmitters. In addition, in situ hybridization performed in rats revealed PKD2L1 mRNA expression in the cells around the central canal. Our results indicate that the intrinsic sensory neurons are conserved across non-mammalian and mammalian vertebrates. The similar morphology of the dendritic bulbs with ciliated fibers (probably representing stereocilia and kinocilia) protruding into the central canal across different animal species supports the notion that PKD2L1 is a chemo- and mechanical sensory channel that responds to mechanical stimulations and maintains homeostasis of the spinal cord. However, the differences of PKD2L1 distribution and expression between the species suggest that PKD2L1-expressing neurons may receive and process sensory signals differently in different animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (X.L.); (K.R.); (S.M.N.); (G.L.); (S.H.); (B.F.); (Å.S.)
| | - Karen Rich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (X.L.); (K.R.); (S.M.N.); (G.L.); (S.H.); (B.F.); (Å.S.)
| | - Sohail M. Nasseri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (X.L.); (K.R.); (S.M.N.); (G.L.); (S.H.); (B.F.); (Å.S.)
| | - Guifa Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (X.L.); (K.R.); (S.M.N.); (G.L.); (S.H.); (B.F.); (Å.S.)
| | - Simone Hjæresen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (X.L.); (K.R.); (S.M.N.); (G.L.); (S.H.); (B.F.); (Å.S.)
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (X.L.); (K.R.); (S.M.N.); (G.L.); (S.H.); (B.F.); (Å.S.)
| | - Hansjörg Scherberger
- Deutsches Primantenzentrum, GmbH, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Department of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Åsa Svenningsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (X.L.); (K.R.); (S.M.N.); (G.L.); (S.H.); (B.F.); (Å.S.)
- BRIDGE, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mengliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (X.L.); (K.R.); (S.M.N.); (G.L.); (S.H.); (B.F.); (Å.S.)
- BRIDGE, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
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5
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Stanchak KE, Miller KE, Shikiar D, Brunton BW, Perkel DJ. Mechanistic Hypotheses for Proprioceptive Sensing Within the Avian Lumbosacral Spinal Cord. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:474-483. [PMID: 37279454 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals need to accurately sense changes in their body position to perform complex movements. It is increasingly clear that the vertebrate central nervous system contains a variety of cells capable of detecting body motion, in addition to the comparatively well-understood mechanosensory cells of the vestibular system and the peripheral proprioceptors. One such intriguing system is the lower spinal cord and column in birds, also known as the avian lumbosacral organ (LSO), which is thought to act as a set of balance sensors that allow birds to detect body movements separately from head movements detected by the vestibular system. Here, we take what is known about proprioceptive, mechanosensory spinal neurons in other vertebrates to explore hypotheses for how the LSO might sense mechanical information related to movement. Although the LSO is found only in birds, recent immunohistochemical studies of the avian LSO have hinted at similarities between cells in the LSO and the known spinal proprioceptors in other vertebrates. In addition to describing possible connections between avian spinal anatomy and recent findings on spinal proprioception as well as sensory and sensorimotor spinal networks, we also present some new data that suggest a role for sensory afferent peptides in LSO function. Thus, this perspective articulates a set of testable ideas on mechanisms of LSO function grounded in the emerging spinal proprioception scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly E Miller
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Devany Shikiar
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bingni W Brunton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David J Perkel
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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6
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Guha L, Singh N, Kumar H. Different Ways to Die: Cell Death Pathways and Their Association With Spinal Cord Injury. Neurospine 2023; 20:430-448. [PMID: 37401061 PMCID: PMC10323345 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244976.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a systematic/nonsystematic process of cessation of normal morphology and functional properties of the cell to replace and recycle old cells with new also promoting inflammation in some cases. It is a complicated process comprising multiple pathways. Some are well-explored, and others have just begun to be. The research on appropriate control of cell death pathways after acute and chronic damage of neuronal cells is being widely researched today due to the lack of regeneration and recovering potential of a neuronal cell after sustaining damage and the inability to control the direction of neuronal growth. In the progression and onset of various neurological diseases, impairments in programmed cell death signaling processes, like necroptosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and pathways directly or indirectly linked, like autophagy as in nonprogrammed necrosis, are observed. Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves the temporary or permanent disruption of motor activities due to the death of a neuronal and glial cell in the spinal cord accompanied by axonal degeneration. Recent years have seen a significant increase in research on the intricate biochemical interactions that occur after a SCI. Different cell death pathways may significantly impact the subsequent damage processes that lead to the eventual neurological deficiency after an injury to the spinal cord. A better knowledge of the molecular basis of the involved cell death pathways might help enhance neuronal and glial survival and neurological deficits, promoting a curative path for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahanya Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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7
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Xie H, Kang Y, Liu J, Huang M, Dai Z, Shi J, Wang S, Li L, Li Y, Zheng P, Sun Y, Han Q, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Xu L, Yelick PC, Cao M, Zhao C. Ependymal polarity defects coupled with disorganized ciliary beating drive abnormal cerebrospinal fluid flow and spine curvature in zebrafish. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002008. [PMID: 36862758 PMCID: PMC10013924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is the most common spinal deformity diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence, while the underlying pathogenesis of this serious condition remains largely unknown. Here, we report zebrafish ccdc57 mutants exhibiting scoliosis during late development, similar to that observed in human adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Zebrafish ccdc57 mutants developed hydrocephalus due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow defects caused by uncoordinated cilia beating in ependymal cells. Mechanistically, Ccdc57 localizes to ciliary basal bodies and controls the planar polarity of ependymal cells through regulating the organization of microtubule networks and proper positioning of basal bodies. Interestingly, ependymal cell polarity defects were first observed in ccdc57 mutants at approximately 17 days postfertilization, the same time when scoliosis became apparent and prior to multiciliated ependymal cell maturation. We further showed that mutant spinal cord exhibited altered expression pattern of the Urotensin neuropeptides, in consistent with the curvature of the spine. Strikingly, human IS patients also displayed abnormal Urotensin signaling in paraspinal muscles. Altogether, our data suggest that ependymal polarity defects are one of the earliest sign of scoliosis in zebrafish and disclose the essential and conserved roles of Urotensin signaling during scoliosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xie
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Fang Zongxi Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunsi Kang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Fang Zongxi Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fang Zongxi Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Dai
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing China
| | - Jiale Shi
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fang Zongxi Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fang Zongxi Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lanqin Li
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fang Zongxi Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fang Zongxi Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fang Zongxi Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fang Zongxi Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qize Han
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fang Zongxi Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zezhang Zhu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing China
| | - Leilei Xu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing China
| | - Pamela C. Yelick
- Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Muqing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengtian Zhao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Fang Zongxi Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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8
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Abstract
Polycystin subunits can form hetero- and homotetrameric ion channels in the membranes of various compartments of the cell. Homotetrameric polycystin channels are voltage- and calcium-modulated, whereas heterotetrameric versions are proposed to be ligand- or autoproteolytically regulated. Their importance is underscored by variants associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and by vital roles in fertilization and embryonic development. The diversity in polycystin assembly and subcellular distribution allows for a multitude of sensory functions by this class of channels. In this review, we highlight their recent structural and functional characterization, which has provided a molecular blueprint to investigate the conformational changes required for channel opening in response to unique stimuli. We consider each polycystin channel type individually, discussing how they contribute to sensory cell biology, as well as their impact on the physiology of various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhi Esarte Palomero
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Megan Larmore
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Paul G DeCaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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9
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Nakamura Y, Kurabe M, Matsumoto M, Sato T, Miytashita S, Hoshina K, Kamiya Y, Tainaka K, Matsuzawa H, Ohno N, Ueno M. Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neuron tracing reveals structural and functional connectivity for locomotion in the mouse spinal cord. eLife 2023; 12:83108. [PMID: 36805807 PMCID: PMC9943067 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) are enigmatic mechano- or chemosensory cells lying along the central canal of the spinal cord. Recent studies in zebrafish larvae and lampreys have shown that CSF-cNs control postures and movements via spinal connections. However, the structures, connectivity, and functions in mammals remain largely unknown. Here we developed a method to genetically target mouse CSF-cNs that highlighted structural connections and functions. We first found that intracerebroventricular injection of adeno-associated virus with a neuron-specific promoter and Pkd2l1-Cre mice specifically labeled CSF-cNs. Single-cell labeling of 71 CSF-cNs revealed rostral axon extensions of over 1800 μm in unmyelinated bundles in the ventral funiculus and terminated on CSF-cNs to form a recurrent circuitry, which was further determined by serial electron microscopy and electrophysiology. CSF-cNs were also found to connect with axial motor neurons and premotor interneurons around the central canal and within the axon bundles. Chemogenetic CSF-cNs inactivation reduced speed and step frequency during treadmill locomotion. Our data revealed the basic structures and connections of mouse CSF-cNs to control spinal motor circuits for proper locomotion. The versatile methods developed in this study will contribute to further understanding of CSF-cN functions in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Nakamura
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Miyuki Kurabe
- Division of Anesthesiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigataJapan
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Tokiharu Sato
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Satoshi Miytashita
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Kana Hoshina
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Yoshinori Kamiya
- Division of Anesthesiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigataJapan
| | - Kazuki Tainaka
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Hitoshi Matsuzawa
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Kashiwaba Neurosurgical HospitalSapporoJapan,Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of MedicineShimotsukeJapan,Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
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10
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Johnson E, Clark M, Oncul M, Pantiru A, MacLean C, Deuchars J, Deuchars SA, Johnston J. Graded spikes differentially signal neurotransmitter input in cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons of the mouse spinal cord. iScience 2022; 26:105914. [PMID: 36691620 PMCID: PMC9860393 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The action potential and its all-or-none nature is fundamental to neural communication. Canonically, the action potential is initiated once voltage-activated Na+ channels are activated, and their rapid kinetics of activation and inactivation give rise to the action potential's all-or-none nature. Here we demonstrate that cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons (CSFcNs) surrounding the central canal of the mouse spinal cord employ a different strategy. Rather than using voltage-activated Na+ channels to generate binary spikes, CSFcNs use two different types of voltage-activated Ca2+ channel, enabling spikes of different amplitude. T-type Ca2+ channels generate small amplitude spikes, whereas larger amplitude spikes require high voltage-activated Cd2+-sensitive Ca2+ channels. We demonstrate that these different amplitude spikes can signal input from different transmitter systems; purinergic inputs evoke smaller T-type dependent spikes whereas cholinergic inputs evoke larger spikes that do not rely on T-type channels. Different synaptic inputs to CSFcNs can therefore be signaled by the spike amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Johnson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marilyn Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Merve Oncul
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andreea Pantiru
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Claudia MacLean
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jim Deuchars
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Susan A. Deuchars
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jamie Johnston
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK,Corresponding author
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11
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Gerstmann K, Jurčić N, Blasco E, Kunz S, de Almeida Sassi F, Wanaverbecq N, Zampieri N. The role of intraspinal sensory neurons in the control of quadrupedal locomotion. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2442-2453.e4. [PMID: 35512696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
From swimming to walking and flying, animals have evolved specific locomotor strategies to thrive in different habitats. All types of locomotion depend on the integration of motor commands and sensory information to generate precisely coordinated movements. Cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cN) constitute a vertebrate sensory system that monitors CSF composition and flow. In fish, CSF-cN modulate swimming activity in response to changes in pH and bending of the spinal cord; however, their role in mammals remains unknown. We used mouse genetics to study their function in quadrupedal locomotion. We found that CSF-cN are directly integrated into spinal motor circuits. The perturbation of CSF-cN function does not affect general motor activity nor the generation of locomotor rhythm and pattern but results in specific defects in skilled movements. These results identify a role for mouse CSF-cN in adaptive motor control and indicate that this sensory system evolved a novel function to accommodate the biomechanical requirements of limb-based locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Gerstmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Jurčić
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) & CNRS, UMR7289, Timone Campus, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Edith Blasco
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) & CNRS, UMR7289, Timone Campus, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Severine Kunz
- Technology Platform for Electron Microscopy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Wanaverbecq
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) & CNRS, UMR7289, Timone Campus, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Niccolò Zampieri
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Jalalvand E, Alvelid J, Coceano G, Edwards S, Robertson B, Grillner S, Testa I. ExSTED microscopy reveals contrasting functions of dopamine and somatostatin CSF-c neurons along the lamprey central canal. eLife 2022; 11:73114. [PMID: 35103591 PMCID: PMC8809891 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-c) neurons line the central canal of the spinal cord and a subtype of CSF-c neurons expressing somatostatin, forms a homeostatic pH regulating system. Despite their importance, their intricate spatial organization is poorly understood. The function of another subtype of CSF-c neurons expressing dopamine is also investigated. Imaging methods with a high spatial resolution (5-10 nm) are used to resolve the synaptic and ciliary compartments of each individual cell in the spinal cord of the lamprey to elucidate their signalling pathways and to dissect the cellular organization. Here, light-sheet and expansion microscopy resolved the persistent ventral and lateral organization of dopamine- and somatostatin-expressing CSF-c neuronal subtypes. The density of somatostatin-containing dense-core vesicles, resolved by stimulated emission depletion microscopy, was shown to be markedly reduced upon each exposure to either alkaline or acidic pH and being part of a homeostatic response inhibiting movements. Their cilia symmetry was unravelled by stimulated emission depletion microscopy in expanded tissues as sensory with 9 + 0 microtubule duplets. The dopaminergic CSF-c neurons on the other hand have a motile cilium with the characteristic 9 + 2 duplets and are insensitive to pH changes. This novel experimental workflow elucidates the functional role of CSF-c neuron subtypes in situ paving the way for further spatial and functional cell-type classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jalalvand
- Department of Applied Physics and Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Alvelid
- Department of Applied Physics and Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanna Coceano
- Department of Applied Physics and Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Edwards
- Department of Applied Physics and Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brita Robertson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilaria Testa
- Department of Applied Physics and Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Muñoz-Montecinos C, Romero A, Sepúlveda V, Vira MÁ, Fehrmann-Cartes K, Marcellini S, Aguilera F, Caprile T, Fuentes R. Turning the Curve Into Straight: Phenogenetics of the Spine Morphology and Coordinate Maintenance in the Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:801652. [PMID: 35155449 PMCID: PMC8826430 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.801652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebral column, or spine, provides mechanical support and determines body axis posture and motion. The most common malformation altering spine morphology and function is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a three-dimensional spinal deformity that affects approximately 4% of the population worldwide. Due to AIS genetic heterogenicity and the lack of suitable animal models for its study, the etiology of this condition remains unclear, thus limiting treatment options. We here review current advances in zebrafish phenogenetics concerning AIS-like models and highlight the recently discovered biological processes leading to spine malformations. First, we focus on gene functions and phenotypes controlling critical aspects of postembryonic aspects that prime in spine architecture development and straightening. Second, we summarize how primary cilia assembly and biomechanical stimulus transduction, cerebrospinal fluid components and flow driven by motile cilia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AIS-like phenotypes. Third, we highlight the inflammatory responses associated with scoliosis. We finally discuss recent innovations and methodologies for morphometrically characterize and analyze the zebrafish spine. Ongoing phenotyping projects are expected to identify novel and unprecedented postembryonic gene functions controlling spine morphology and mutant models of AIS. Importantly, imaging and gene editing technologies are allowing deep phenotyping studies in the zebrafish, opening new experimental paradigms in the morphometric and three-dimensional assessment of spinal malformations. In the future, fully elucidating the phenogenetic underpinnings of AIS etiology in zebrafish and humans will undoubtedly lead to innovative pharmacological treatments against spinal deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Muñoz-Montecinos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Adrián Romero
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vania Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - María Ángela Vira
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karen Fehrmann-Cartes
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de las Américas, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Aguilera
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Teresa Caprile, ; Ricardo Fuentes,
| | - Ricardo Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Teresa Caprile, ; Ricardo Fuentes,
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14
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Foster VS, Rash LD, King GF, Rank MM. Acid-Sensing Ion Channels: Expression and Function in Resident and Infiltrating Immune Cells in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:738043. [PMID: 34602982 PMCID: PMC8484650 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.738043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral and central immune cells are critical for fighting disease, but they can also play a pivotal role in the onset and/or progression of a variety of neurological conditions that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Tissue acidosis is often present in CNS pathologies such as multiple sclerosis, epileptic seizures, and depression, and local pH is also reduced during periods of ischemia following stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. These pathological increases in extracellular acidity can activate a class of proton-gated channels known as acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). ASICs have been primarily studied due to their ubiquitous expression throughout the nervous system, but it is less well recognized that they are also found in various types of immune cells. In this review, we explore what is currently known about the expression of ASICs in both peripheral and CNS-resident immune cells, and how channel activation during pathological tissue acidosis may lead to altered immune cell function that in turn modulates inflammatory pathology in the CNS. We identify gaps in the literature where ASICs and immune cell function has not been characterized, such as neurotrauma. Knowledge of the contribution of ASICs to immune cell function in neuropathology will be critical for determining whether the therapeutic benefits of ASIC inhibition might be due in part to an effect on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Foster
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lachlan D. Rash
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Glenn F. King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle M. Rank
- Anatomy and Physiology, Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Strimaite M, Harman CLG, Duan H, Wang Y, Davies GL, Williams GR. Layered terbium hydroxides for simultaneous drug delivery and imaging. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10275-10290. [PMID: 34254077 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Layered rare-earth hydroxides have begun to gather increasing attention as potential theranostic platforms owing to their extensive intercalation chemistry combined with magnetic and fluorescent properties. In this work, the potential of layered terbium hydroxide (LTbH) as a platform for simultaneous drug delivery and fluorescence imaging was evaluated. LTbH-Cl ([Tb2(OH)5]Cl·yH2O) was loaded with three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen) via ion-exchange. Drug release studies in phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7.4) revealed all three formulations release their drug cargo rapidly over the course of approximately 5 hours. In addition, solid state fluorescence studies indicated that fluorescence intensity is strongly dependent on the identity of the guest anion. It was postulated that this feature may be used to track the extent of drug release from the formulation, which was subsequently successfully demonstrated for the ibuprofen loaded LTbH. Overall, LTbH exhibits good biocompatibility, high drug loading, and a strong, guest-dependent fluorescence signal, all of which are desirable qualities for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Strimaite
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Clarissa L G Harman
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Huan Duan
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Yuwei Wang
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Gemma-Louise Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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16
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Jurčić N, Michelle C, Trouslard J, Wanaverbecq N, Kastner A. Evidence for PKD2L1-positive neurons distant from the central canal in the ventromedial spinal cord and medulla of the adult mouse. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4781-4803. [PMID: 34097332 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are found around the medullo-spinal central canal (CC) in adult mice. These neurons (CSF-cNs), located within or below the ependymal cell layer, known as the stem cell niche, present a characteristic morphology with a dendrite projecting to the CC and ending with a protrusion. They are GABAergic, present an intermediate neuronal maturity and selectively express PKD2L1, a member of the transient receptor potential channel superfamily with sensory properties. Using immunohistological and electrophysiological recording techniques in mice, we characterize the properties of a new population of PKD2L1 positive cells that is distant from the CC in a zone enriched with astrocytes and ependymal fibers of the ventro-medial spinal cord and medulla. They appear around embryonic day 16 and their number increases up to early postnatal days. With development and the reorganization of the CC region, they progressively become more distant from the CC, suggesting some migratory capabilities. These neurons share functional and phenotypical properties with CSF-cNs but appear subdivided in two groups. One group, present along the midline, has a bipolar morphology and extends a long dendrite along ependymal fibers and towards the CC. The second group, localized in more ventro-lateral regions, has a multipolar morphology and no apparent projection to the CC. Altogether, we describe a novel population of PKD2L1+ neurons distant from the CC but with properties similar to CSF-cNs that might serve to sense modification in the composition of either CSF or interstitial liquid, a function that will need to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jurčić
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Univ and CNRS UMR 7289, SpiCCI Team, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Michelle
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Univ and CNRS UMR 7289, SpiCCI Team, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Trouslard
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Univ and CNRS UMR 7289, SpiCCI Team, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Wanaverbecq
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Univ and CNRS UMR 7289, SpiCCI Team, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Kastner
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Univ and CNRS UMR 7289, SpiCCI Team, Marseille, France
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17
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Picton LD, Bertuzzi M, Pallucchi I, Fontanel P, Dahlberg E, Björnfors ER, Iacoviello F, Shearing PR, El Manira A. A spinal organ of proprioception for integrated motor action feedback. Neuron 2021; 109:1188-1201.e7. [PMID: 33577748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proprioception is essential for behavior and provides a sense of our body movements in physical space. Proprioceptor organs are thought to be only in the periphery. Whether the central nervous system can intrinsically sense its own movement remains unclear. Here we identify a segmental organ of proprioception in the adult zebrafish spinal cord, which is embedded by intraspinal mechanosensory neurons expressing Piezo2 channels. These cells are late-born, inhibitory, commissural neurons with unique molecular and physiological profiles reflecting a dual sensory and motor function. The central proprioceptive organ locally detects lateral body movements during locomotion and provides direct inhibitory feedback onto rhythm-generating interneurons responsible for the central motor program. This dynamically aligns central pattern generation with movement outcome for efficient locomotion. Our results demonstrate that a central proprioceptive organ monitors self-movement using hybrid neurons that merge sensory and motor entities into a unified network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence D Picton
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bertuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Pallucchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre Fontanel
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Dahlberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Francesco Iacoviello
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul R Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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18
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Sobrido-Cameán D, Yáñez-Guerra LA, Deber A, Freire-Delgado M, Cacheiro-Vázquez R, Rodicio MC, Tostivint H, Anadón R, Barreiro-Iglesias A. Differential expression of somatostatin genes in the central nervous system of the sea lamprey. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1031-1052. [PMID: 33532926 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The identification of three somatostatin (SST) genes (SSTa, SSTb, and SSTc) in lampreys (Tostivint et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol 237:89-97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.08.006 , 2016) prompted us to study their expression in the brain and spinal cord of the sea lamprey by in situ hybridization. These three genes were only expressed in equivalent neuronal populations in the hypothalamus. In other regions, SST transcripts showed clear differential expression. In the telencephalon, SSTc-positive cells were observed in the medial pallium, ventral part of the lateral pallium, striatum, subhippocampal lobe, and preoptic region. In the diencephalon, SSTa-positive cells were observed in the thalamus and SSTc-positive cells in the prethalamus, posterior tubercle, pretectal area, and nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle. In the midbrain, SSTc-positive cells were observed in the torus semicircularis, lateral reticular area, and perioculomotor tegmentum. Different SSTa- and SSTc-positive populations were observed in the isthmus. SSTc neurons were also observed in the rostral octavolateralis area and caudal rhombencephalon. In the spinal cord, SSTa was expressed in cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting (CSF-c) neurons and SSTc in non-CSF-c interneurons. Comparison with previous immunohistochemical studies using anti-SST-14 antibodies strongly suggests that SST-14-like neurons correspond with the SSTa populations. Thus, the SSTc populations were not reported previously in immunohistochemical studies. Cluster-based analyses and alignments of mature peptides suggested that SSTa is an ortholog of SST1 and that SSTb is closely related to SST2 and SST6. These results provide important new insights into the evolution of the somatostatinergic system in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sobrido-Cameán
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - A Deber
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Freire-Delgado
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - R Cacheiro-Vázquez
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M C Rodicio
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - H Tostivint
- Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, UMR7221, CNRS and Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - R Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A Barreiro-Iglesias
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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19
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Serafin EK, Paranjpe A, Brewer CL, Baccei ML. Single-nucleus characterization of adult mouse spinal dynorphin-lineage cells and identification of persistent transcriptional effects of neonatal hindpaw incision. Pain 2021; 162:203-218. [PMID: 33045156 PMCID: PMC7744314 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal tissue damage can have long-lasting effects on nociceptive processing in the central nervous system, which may reflect persistent injury-evoked alterations to the normal balance between synaptic inhibition and excitation in the spinal dorsal horn. Spinal dynorphin-lineage (pDyn) neurons are part of an inhibitory circuit which limits the flow of nociceptive input to the brain and is disrupted by neonatal tissue damage. To identify the potential molecular underpinnings of this disruption, an unbiased single-nucleus RNAseq analysis of adult mouse spinal pDyn cells characterized this population in depth and then identified changes in gene expression evoked by neonatal hindpaw incision. The analysis revealed 11 transcriptionally distinct subpopulations (ie, clusters) of dynorphin-lineage cells, including both inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Investigation of injury-evoked differential gene expression identified 15 genes that were significantly upregulated or downregulated in adult pDyn neurons from neonatally incised mice compared with naive littermate controls, with both cluster-specific and pan-neuronal transcriptional changes observed. Several of the identified genes, such as Oxr1 and Fth1 (encoding ferritin), were related to the cellular stress response. However, the relatively low number of injury-evoked differentially expressed genes also suggests that posttranscriptional regulation within pDyn neurons may play a key role in the priming of developing nociceptive circuits by early-life injury. Overall, the findings reveal novel insights into the molecular heterogeneity of a key population of dorsal horn interneurons that has previously been implicated in the suppression of mechanical pain and itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Serafin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States . Dr. Brewer is now with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Aditi Paranjpe
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Collaborative Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chelsie L Brewer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States . Dr. Brewer is now with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mark L Baccei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States . Dr. Brewer is now with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Li Y, Ritzel RM, He J, Cao T, Sabirzhanov B, Li H, Liu S, Wu LJ, Wu J. The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 plays a detrimental role in contusion spinal cord injury via extracellular acidosis-mediated neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:267-283. [PMID: 33039662 PMCID: PMC7749852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue acidosis is an important secondary injury process in the pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). To date, no studies have examined the role of proton extrusion as mechanism of pathological acidosis in SCI. In the present study, we hypothesized that the phagocyte-specific proton channel Hv1 mediates hydrogen proton extrusion after SCI, contributing to increased extracellular acidosis and poor long-term outcomes. Using a contusion model of SCI in adult female mice, we demonstrated that tissue pH levels are markedly lower during the first week after SCI. Acidosis was most evident at the injury site, but also extended into proximal regions of the cervical and lumbar cord. Tissue reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and expression of Hv1 were significantly increased during the week of injury. Hv1 was exclusively expressed in microglia within the CNS, suggesting that microglia contribute to ROS production and proton extrusion during respiratory burst. Depletion of Hv1 significantly attenuated tissue acidosis, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression, and ROS production at 3 d post-injury. Nanostring analysis revealed decreased gene expression of neuroinflammatory and cytokine signaling markers in Hv1 knockout (KO) mice. Furthermore, Hv1 deficiency reduced microglia proliferation, leukocyte infiltration, and phagocytic oxidative burst detected by flow cytometry. Importantly, Hv1 KO mice exhibited significantly improved locomotor function and reduced histopathology. Overall, these data suggest an important role for Hv1 in regulating tissue acidosis, NOX2-mediated ROS production, and functional outcome following SCI. Thus, the Hv1 proton channel represents a potential target that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
| | - Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
| | - Junyun He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
| | - Tuoxin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
| | - Boris Sabirzhanov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
| | - Simon Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Junfang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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21
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Liao CC, Hou TH, Yu HP, Li A, Liu FC. Cerebrospinal fluid electrolytes and acid-base in diabetic patients. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:448-455. [PMID: 34804603 PMCID: PMC8578811 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) has detrimental effects on the function of microvascular beds, resulting in blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. The objective of the study was to investigate whether DM affects the brain physiology through composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and compare gas tension and electrolyte levels in CSF between the diabetic and nondiabetic populations. Methods Patients aged between 20 and 70 years scheduled for elective orthopedic or urologic surgery requiring spinal anesthesia were enrolled. They were assigned to either of the two groups (control or type 2 DM). Gas tension and electrolytes in the CSF and whole blood samples were measured in both groups. Results All 49 enrolled patients (24 in the control and 25 in the DM group) completed the study. The concentrations of Na+ and Mg2+ in the blood were significantly lower in the DM group than those in the control. The levels of pCO2 and HCO3−\documentclass[10pt]{article}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage[substack]{amsmath}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{eucal}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{pmc}\usepackage[Euler]{upgreek}\pagestyle{empty}\oddsidemargin -1.0in\begin{document}{\text{HCO}}_{3}^{-}]\end{document} in the CSF were lower in the DM group than in the control group. In addition, there was a marked increase in the glucose level in both the blood and CSF in the DM group. Conclusion The results show that there were some homeostatic changes in blood and CSF in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fushing 1st Rd, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsin Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fushing 1st Rd, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fushing 1st Rd, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Allen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fushing 1st Rd, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fushing 1st Rd, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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22
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Quan FB, Desban L, Mirat O, Kermarquer M, Roussel J, Koëth F, Marnas H, Djenoune L, Lejeune FX, Tostivint H, Wyart C. Somatostatin 1.1 contributes to the innate exploration of zebrafish larva. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15235. [PMID: 32943676 PMCID: PMC7499426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological experiments indicate that neuropeptides can effectively tune neuronal activity and modulate locomotor output patterns. However, their functions in shaping innate locomotion often remain elusive. For example, somatostatin has been previously shown to induce locomotion when injected in the brain ventricles but to inhibit fictive locomotion when bath-applied in the spinal cord in vitro. Here, we investigated the role of somatostatin in innate locomotion through a genetic approach by knocking out somatostatin 1.1 (sst1.1) in zebrafish. We automated and carefully analyzed the kinematics of locomotion over a hundred of thousand bouts from hundreds of mutant and control sibling larvae. We found that the deletion of sst1.1 did not impact acousto-vestibular escape responses but led to abnormal exploration. sst1.1 mutant larvae swam over larger distance, at higher speed and performed larger tail bends, indicating that Somatostatin 1.1 inhibits spontaneous locomotion. Altogether our study demonstrates that Somatostatin 1.1 innately contributes to slowing down spontaneous locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng B Quan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS UMR 7221, Paris, France
| | - Laura Desban
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Olivier Mirat
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Kermarquer
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Julian Roussel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Koëth
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Marnas
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Djenoune
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Tostivint
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS UMR 7221, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
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23
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Liu S, Chen R. [Acid-sensing ion channels differentially affect ictal-like and non-ictal-like epileptic activities of mouse hippocampal pyramidal neurons in acidotic extracellular pH]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:972-980. [PMID: 32895149 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.07.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) on electrophysiological epileptic activities of mouse hippocampal pyramidal neurons in the extracellular acidotic condition. METHODS We investigated effects of extracellular acidosis on epileptic activities induced by elevated extracellular K + concentration or the application of an antagonist of GABAA receptors in perfusate of mouse hippocampal slices under field potential recordings. We also tested the effects of extracellular acidosis on neuronal excitability under field potential recording and evaluated the changes in epileptic activities of the neurons in response to pharmacological inhibition of ASICs using a specific inhibitor of ASICs. RESULTS Extracellular acidosis significantly suppressed epileptic activities of the hippocampal neurons by converting ictal-like epileptic activities to non-ictal-like epileptic activities in both high [K +]o and disinhibition models, and also suppressed the intrinsic excitability of the neurons. ASICs inhibitor did not antagonize the inhibitory effect of extracellular acidosis on ictal epileptic activities and intrinsic neuronal excitability, but exacerbated non-ictal epileptic activities of the neurons in extracellular acidotic condition in both high [K+]o and disinhibition models. CONCLUSIONS ASICs can differentially modulate ictal-like and non-ictallike epileptic activities via its direct actions on excitatory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rongqing Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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24
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Sensory Neurons Contacting the Cerebrospinal Fluid Require the Reissner Fiber to Detect Spinal Curvature In Vivo. Curr Biol 2020; 30:827-839.e4. [PMID: 32084399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates active roles for the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on body axis development and morphogenesis of the spine, implying CSF-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) in the spinal cord. CSF-cNs project a ciliated apical extension into the central canal that is enriched in the channel PKD2L1 and enables the detection of spinal curvature in a directional manner. Dorsolateral CSF-cNs ipsilaterally respond to lateral bending although ventral CSF-cNs respond to longitudinal bending. Historically, the implication of the Reissner fiber (RF), a long extracellular thread in the CSF, to CSF-cN sensory functions has remained a subject of debate. Here, we reveal, using electron microscopy in zebrafish larvae, that the RF is in close vicinity with cilia and microvilli of ventral and dorsolateral CSF-cNs. We investigate in vivo the role of cilia and the RF in the mechanosensory functions of CSF-cNs by combining calcium imaging with patch-clamp recordings. We show that disruption of cilia motility affects CSF-cN sensory responses to passive and active curvature of the spinal cord without affecting the Pkd2l1 channel activity. Because ciliary defects alter the formation of the RF, we investigated whether the RF contributes to CSF-cN mechanosensitivity in vivo. Using a hypomorphic mutation in the scospondin gene that forbids the aggregation of SCO-spondin into a fiber, we demonstrate in vivo that the RF per se is critical for CSF-cN mechanosensory function. Our study uncovers that neurons contacting the cerebrospinal fluid functionally interact with the RF to detect spinal curvature in the vertebrate spinal cord.
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Di Bella DJ, Carcagno AL, Bartolomeu ML, Pardi MB, Löhr H, Siegel N, Hammerschmidt M, Marín-Burgin A, Lanuza GM. Ascl1 Balances Neuronal versus Ependymal Fate in the Spinal Cord Central Canal. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2264-2274.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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27
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Diversity of neurons and circuits controlling the speed and coordination of locomotion. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Van Gennip JLM, Boswell CW, Ciruna B. Neuroinflammatory signals drive spinal curve formation in zebrafish models of idiopathic scoliosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaav1781. [PMID: 30547092 PMCID: PMC6291318 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis (IS), a highly prevalent spinal deformity that occurs in the absence of obvious congenital or physiological abnormalities, is poorly understood. Although recent zebrafish genetic studies have linked cilia motility and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow defects with scoliosis progression, underlying mechanisms were not identified. Here, we use next-generation sequencing and conditional genetic methodologies to define the spatial and biological origins of spinal curve formation in ptk7 mutant zebrafish, a faithful IS model. We demonstrate that focal activation of proinflammatory signals within the spinal cord is associated with, and sufficient for, induction of spinal curvatures. Furthermore, administration of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to juvenile ptk7 mutants significantly reduces the incidence and/or severity of scoliosis phenotypes. Together, our results implicate neuroinflammation, downstream of CSF defects, in spinal curve formation and provide intriguing evidence that simple immunomodulating therapies might prove effective in managing idiopathic-like spinal deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. M. Van Gennip
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - C. W. Boswell
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - B. Ciruna
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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29
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Berg EM, Björnfors ER, Pallucchi I, Picton LD, El Manira A. Principles Governing Locomotion in Vertebrates: Lessons From Zebrafish. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:73. [PMID: 30271327 PMCID: PMC6146226 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Locomotor behaviors are critical for survival and enable animals to navigate their environment, find food and evade predators. The circuits in the brain and spinal cord that initiate and maintain such different modes of locomotion in vertebrates have been studied in numerous species for over a century. In recent decades, the zebrafish has emerged as one of the main model systems for the study of locomotion, owing to its experimental amenability, and work in zebrafish has revealed numerous new insights into locomotor circuit function. Here, we review the literature that has led to our current understanding of the neural circuits controlling swimming and escape in zebrafish. We highlight recent studies that have enriched our comprehension of key topics, such as the interactions between premotor excitatory interneurons (INs) and motoneurons (MNs), supraspinal and spinal circuits that coordinate escape maneuvers, and developmental changes in overall circuit composition. We also discuss roles for neuromodulators and sensory inputs in modifying the relative strengths of constituent circuit components to provide flexibility in zebrafish behavior, allowing the animal to accommodate changes in the environment. We aim to provide a coherent framework for understanding the circuitry in the brain and spinal cord of zebrafish that allows the animal to flexibly transition between different speeds, and modes, of locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Berg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Irene Pallucchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurence D Picton
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Neurons Sense pH Changes and Motion in the Hypothalamus. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7713-7724. [PMID: 30037834 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3359-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
CSF-contacting (CSF-c) cells are present in the walls of the brain ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord and found throughout the vertebrate phylum. We recently identified ciliated somatostatin-/GABA-expressing CSF-c neurons in the lamprey spinal cord that act as pH sensors as well as mechanoreceptors. In the same neuron, acidic and alkaline responses are mediated through ASIC3-like and PKD2L1 channels, respectively. Here, we investigate the functional properties of the ciliated somatostatin-/GABA-positive CSF-c neurons in the hypothalamus by performing whole-cell recordings in hypothalamic slices. Depolarizing current pulses readily evoked action potentials, but hypothalamic CSF-c neurons had no or a very low level of spontaneous activity at pH 7.4. They responded, however, with membrane potential depolarization and trains of action potentials to small deviations in pH in both the acidic and alkaline direction. Like in spinal CSF-c neurons, the acidic response in hypothalamic cells is mediated via ASIC3-like channels. In contrast, the alkaline response appears to depend on connexin hemichannels, not on PKD2L1 channels. We also show that hypothalamic CSF-c neurons respond to mechanical stimulation induced by fluid movements along the wall of the third ventricle, a response mediated via ASIC3-like channels. The hypothalamic CSF-c neurons extend their processes dorsally, ventrally, and laterally, but as yet, the effects exerted on hypothalamic circuits are unknown. With similar neurons being present in rodents, the pH- and mechanosensing ability of hypothalamic CSF-c neurons is most likely conserved throughout vertebrate phylogeny.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT CSF-contacting neurons are present in all vertebrates and are located mainly in the hypothalamic area and the spinal cord. Here, we report that the somatostatin-/GABA-expressing CSF-c neurons in the lamprey hypothalamus sense bidirectional deviations in the extracellular pH and do so via different molecular mechanisms. They also serve as mechanoreceptors. The hypothalamic CSF-c neurons have extensive axonal ramifications and may decrease the level of motor activity via release of somatostatin. In conclusion, hypothalamic somatostatin-/GABA-expressing CSF-c neurons, as well as their spinal counterpart, represent a novel homeostatic mechanism designed to sense any deviation from physiological pH and thus constitute a feedback regulatory system intrinsic to the CNS, possibly serving a protective role from damage caused by changes in pH.
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Shimizu T, Higuchi T, Toba T, Ohno C, Fujii T, Nilius B, Sakai H. The asparagine 533 residue in the outer pore loop region of the mouse PKD2L1 channel is essential for its voltage-dependent inactivation. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1392-1401. [PMID: 28904867 PMCID: PMC5586397 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage‐dependent inactivation of ion channels contributes to the regulation of the membrane potential of excitable cells. Mouse polycystic kidney disease 2‐like 1 (PKD2L1) forms voltage‐dependent nonselective cation channels, which are activated but subsequently inactivated in response to membrane depolarization. Here, we found that the mutation of an asparagine 533 residue (N533Q) in the outer pore loop region of PKD2L1 caused a marked increase in outward currents induced by depolarization. In addition, the tail current analysis demonstrated that the N533Q mutants are activated during depolarization but the subsequent inactivation does not occur. Interestingly, the N533Q mutants lacked the channel activation triggered by the removal of stimuli such as extracellular alkalization and heating. Our findings suggest that the N533 residue in the outer pore loop region of PKD2L1 has a key role in the voltage‐dependent channel inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Japan
| | - Taiga Higuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Japan
| | - Toshihiro Toba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Japan
| | - Chie Ohno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Japan
| | - Takuto Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Japan
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven Belgium
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Japan
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Cinelli E, Iovino L, Mutolo D. ATP and astrocytes play a prominent role in the control of the respiratory pattern generator in the lamprey. J Physiol 2017; 595:7063-7079. [PMID: 28734063 DOI: 10.1113/jp274749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG) is responsible for the respiratory pattern generation in the lamprey. The role of ATP and astrocytes, known to control respiratory activity in mammals, was investigated in the lamprey respiratory network. ATP microinjected into the pTRG induces a biphasic response consisting of marked increases in respiratory frequency mediated by P2X receptors followed by a decrease in the respiratory motor output due to the ATP metabolite adenosine. We provide evidence that astrocytes are involved in the genesis of the normal respiratory pattern, ATP-induced responses and acidification-induced increases of the respiratory activity. The function of astrocytes in rhythmic networks appears to be phylogenetically conserved. ABSTRACT The role of ATP and astrocytes in respiratory rhythm modulation has been recently investigated in neonatal rodents. However, no information on the role of ATP and astrocytes within the respiratory network of the lamprey is available, particularly within the paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG), the proposed respiratory central pattern generator. To address these issues, the present study was carried out on isolated brainstems of the adult lamprey. Bath application of ATP caused marked increases in respiratory frequency followed by decreases in the respiratory motor output, mediated by the ATP metabolite adenosine at the level of the pTRG. Bath applications and microinjections of agonists and antagonists of purinergic receptors showed that ATP increased respiratory activity through an action on pTRG P2X receptors. To disclose the respiratory role of astrocytes, we used bath application of the gliotoxin aminoadipic acid, which dramatically depressed the respiratory motor output that, however, promptly recovered following glutamine application. Furthermore, the excitatory responses to ATP-γ-S (a non-hydrolysable ATP analogue), but not to substance P, microinjected into the pTRG, were abolished. Finally, we also demonstrated that acidification-induced increases in respiratory activity were ATP-independent, but mediated by the astrocytes' glutamate-glutamine cycle. The results show for the first time that ATP and especially astrocytes strongly contribute to the modulation of the lamprey respiratory pattern. Their role in the modulation or maintenance of rhythmic neuronal activities appears to be phylogenetically conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenia Cinelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 63, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ludovica Iovino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 63, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Donatella Mutolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 63, 50134, Firenze, Italy
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Falgairolle M, Puhl JG, Pujala A, Liu W, O'Donovan MJ. Motoneurons regulate the central pattern generator during drug-induced locomotor-like activity in the neonatal mouse. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28671548 PMCID: PMC5550280 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneurons are traditionally viewed as the output of the spinal cord that do not influence locomotor rhythmogenesis. We assessed the role of motoneuron firing during ongoing locomotor-like activity in neonatal mice expressing archaerhopsin-3 (Arch), halorhodopsin (eNpHR), or channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in Choline acetyltransferase neurons (ChAT+) or Arch in LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Isl1+ neurons. Illumination of the lumbar cord in mice expressing eNpHR or Arch in ChAT+ or Isl1+ neurons, depressed motoneuron discharge, transiently decreased the frequency, and perturbed the phasing of the locomotor-like rhythm. When the light was turned off motoneuron firing and locomotor frequency both transiently increased. These effects were not due to cholinergic neurotransmission, persisted during partial blockade of gap junctions and were mediated, in part, by AMPAergic transmission. In spinal cords expressing ChR2, illumination increased motoneuron discharge and transiently accelerated the rhythm. We conclude that motoneurons provide feedback to the central pattern generator (CPG) during drug-induced locomotor-like activity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26622.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Falgairolle
- Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Joshua G Puhl
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, United States
| | - Avinash Pujala
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Wenfang Liu
- Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Michael J O'Donovan
- Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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Knafo S, Fidelin K, Prendergast A, Tseng PEB, Parrin A, Dickey C, Böhm UL, Figueiredo SN, Thouvenin O, Pascal-Moussellard H, Wyart C. Mechanosensory neurons control the timing of spinal microcircuit selection during locomotion. eLife 2017; 6:e25260. [PMID: 28623664 PMCID: PMC5499942 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous physiological studies about reflexes in the spinal cord, the contribution of mechanosensory feedback to active locomotion and the nature of underlying spinal circuits remains elusive. Here we investigate how mechanosensory feedback shapes active locomotion in a genetic model organism exhibiting simple locomotion-the zebrafish larva. We show that mechanosensory feedback enhances the recruitment of motor pools during active locomotion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inputs from mechanosensory neurons increase locomotor speed by prolonging fast swimming at the expense of slow swimming during stereotyped acoustic escape responses. This effect could be mediated by distinct mechanosensory neurons. In the spinal cord, we show that connections compatible with monosynaptic inputs from mechanosensory Rohon-Beard neurons onto ipsilateral V2a interneurons selectively recruited at high speed can contribute to the observed enhancement of speed. Altogether, our study reveals the basic principles and a circuit diagram enabling speed modulation by mechanosensory feedback in the vertebrate spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Knafo
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (I.C.M.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Fidelin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (I.C.M.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (I.C.M.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Po-En Brian Tseng
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (I.C.M.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Parrin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (I.C.M.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Charles Dickey
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (I.C.M.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Urs Lucas Böhm
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (I.C.M.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Nunes Figueiredo
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (I.C.M.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Thouvenin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (I.C.M.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Pascal-Moussellard
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (I.C.M.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (I.C.M.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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The dual developmental origin of spinal cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons gives rise to distinct functional subtypes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:719. [PMID: 28389647 PMCID: PMC5428266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical and mechanical cues from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can affect the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). How such cues are detected and relayed to the CNS remains elusive. Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) situated at the interface between the CSF and the CNS are ideally located to convey such information to local networks. In the spinal cord, these GABAergic neurons expressing the PKD2L1 channel extend an apical extension into the CSF and an ascending axon in the spinal cord. In zebrafish and mouse spinal CSF-cNs originate from two distinct progenitor domains characterized by distinct cascades of transcription factors. Here we ask whether these neurons with different developmental origins differentiate into cells types with different functional properties. We show in zebrafish larva that the expression of specific markers, the morphology of the apical extension and axonal projections, as well as the neuronal targets contacted by CSF-cN axons, distinguish the two CSF-cN subtypes. Altogether our study demonstrates that the developmental origins of spinal CSF-cNs give rise to two distinct functional populations of sensory neurons. This work opens novel avenues to understand how these subtypes may carry distinct functions related to development of the spinal cord, locomotion and posture.
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36
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Understanding Idiopathic Scoliosis: A New Zebrafish School of Thought. Trends Genet 2017; 33:183-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chaverra M, George L, Mergy M, Waller H, Kujawa K, Murnion C, Sharples E, Thorne J, Podgajny N, Grindeland A, Ueki Y, Eiger S, Cusick C, Babcock AM, Carlson GA, Lefcort F. The familial dysautonomia disease gene IKBKAP is required in the developing and adult mouse central nervous system. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:605-618. [PMID: 28167615 PMCID: PMC5451171 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs) are a genetically and clinically diverse group of disorders defined by peripheral nervous system (PNS) dysfunction. HSAN type III, known as familial dysautonomia (FD), results from a single base mutation in the gene IKBKAP that encodes a scaffolding unit (ELP1) for a multi-subunit complex known as Elongator. Since mutations in other Elongator subunits (ELP2 to ELP4) are associated with central nervous system (CNS) disorders, the goal of this study was to investigate a potential requirement for Ikbkap in the CNS of mice. The sensory and autonomic pathophysiology of FD is fatal, with the majority of patients dying by age 40. While signs and pathology of FD have been noted in the CNS, the clinical and research focus has been on the sensory and autonomic dysfunction, and no genetic model studies have investigated the requirement for Ikbkap in the CNS. Here, we report, using a novel mouse line in which Ikbkap is deleted solely in the nervous system, that not only is Ikbkap widely expressed in the embryonic and adult CNS, but its deletion perturbs both the development of cortical neurons and their survival in adulthood. Primary cilia in embryonic cortical apical progenitors and motile cilia in adult ependymal cells are reduced in number and disorganized. Furthermore, we report that, in the adult CNS, both autonomic and non-autonomic neuronal populations require Ikbkap for survival, including spinal motor and cortical neurons. In addition, the mice developed kyphoscoliosis, an FD hallmark, indicating its neuropathic etiology. Ultimately, these perturbations manifest in a developmental and progressive neurodegenerative condition that includes impairments in learning and memory. Collectively, these data reveal an essential function for Ikbkap that extends beyond the peripheral nervous system to CNS development and function. With the identification of discrete CNS cell types and structures that depend on Ikbkap, novel strategies to thwart the progressive demise of CNS neurons in FD can be developed. Summary:Ikbkap is essential for normal CNS development, neuronal survival and behavior, adding to our understanding of the role of the Elongator complex in the mammalian CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chaverra
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Lynn George
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.,Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Montana State University Billings, Billings, MT 59101, USA
| | - Marc Mergy
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Hannah Waller
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Katharine Kujawa
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Connor Murnion
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Ezekiel Sharples
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Julian Thorne
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.,University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nathaniel Podgajny
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Yumi Ueki
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Steven Eiger
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Cassie Cusick
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - A Michael Babcock
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Frances Lefcort
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Orts-Del’Immagine A, Trouslard J, Airault C, Hugnot JP, Cordier B, Doan T, Kastner A, Wanaverbecq N. Postnatal maturation of mouse medullo-spinal cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons. Neuroscience 2017; 343:39-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mazzone GL, Veeraraghavan P, Gonzalez-Inchauspe C, Nistri A, Uchitel OD. ASIC channel inhibition enhances excitotoxic neuronal death in an in vitro model of spinal cord injury. Neuroscience 2016; 343:398-410. [PMID: 28003157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the spinal cord high extracellular glutamate evokes excitotoxic damage with neuronal loss and severe locomotor impairment. During the cell dysfunction process, extracellular pH becomes acid and may activate acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) which could be important contributors to neurodegenerative pathologies. Our previous studies have shown that transient application of the glutamate analog kainate (KA) evokes delayed excitotoxic death of spinal neurons, while white matter is mainly spared. The present goal was to enquire if ASIC channels modulated KA damage in relation to locomotor network function and cell death. Mouse spinal cord slices were treated with KA (0.01 or 0.1mM) for 1h, and then washed out for 24h prior to analysis. RT-PCR results showed that KA (at 0.01mM concentration that is near-threshold for damage) increased mRNA expression of ASIC1a, ASIC1b, ASIC2 and ASIC3, an effect reversed by the ASIC inhibitor 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). A KA neurotoxic dose (0.1mM) reduced ASIC1a and ASIC2 expression. Cell viability assays demonstrated KA-induced large damage in spinal slices from mice with ASIC1a gene ablation. Likewise, immunohistochemistry indicated significant neuronal loss when KA was followed by the ASIC inhibitors DAPI or amiloride. Electrophysiological recording from ventral roots of isolated spinal cords showed that alternating oscillatory cycles were slowed down by 0.01mMKA, and intensely inhibited by subsequently applied DAPI or amiloride. Our data suggest that early rise in ASIC expression and function counteracted deleterious effects on spinal networks by raising the excitotoxicity threshold, a result with potential implications for improving neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela L Mazzone
- Laboratorios de Investigación aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN) - Fundación para la Lucha conntra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - Carlota Gonzalez-Inchauspe
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología molecular y Neurociencias, CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy; Spinal Person Injury Neurorehabilitation Applied Laboratory (SPINAL), Istituto di Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione, Udine, Italy
| | - Osvaldo D Uchitel
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología molecular y Neurociencias, CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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40
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Santin JM, Wang T, Dukkipati SS, Hartzler LK. Commentary: The Spinal Cord Has an Intrinsic System for the Control of pH. Front Physiol 2016; 7:513. [PMID: 27872597 PMCID: PMC5097902 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Santin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Tobias Wang
- Department of Bioscience, Zoophysiology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Saihari S Dukkipati
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Lynn K Hartzler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University Dayton, OH, USA
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41
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Hubbard JM, Böhm UL, Prendergast A, Tseng PEB, Newman M, Stokes C, Wyart C. Intraspinal Sensory Neurons Provide Powerful Inhibition to Motor Circuits Ensuring Postural Control during Locomotion. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2841-2853. [PMID: 27720623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the vertebrate spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) are GABAergic neurons whose functions are only beginning to unfold. Recent evidence indicates that CSF-cNs detect local spinal bending and relay this mechanosensory feedback information to motor circuits, yet many CSF-cN targets remain unknown. Using optogenetics, patterned illumination, and in vivo electrophysiology, we show here that CSF-cNs provide somatic inhibition to fast motor neurons and excitatory sensory interneurons involved in the escape circuit. Ventral CSF-cNs respond to longitudinal spinal contractions and induce large inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) sufficient to silence spiking of their targets. Upon repetitive stimulation, these IPSCs promptly depress, enabling the mechanosensory response to the first bend to be the most effective. When CSF-cNs are silenced, postural control is compromised, resulting in rollovers during escapes. Altogether, our data demonstrate how GABAergic sensory neurons provide powerful inhibitory feedback to the escape circuit to maintain balance during active locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Michael Hubbard
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 1127, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7225, 75005 Paris, France; UPMC University Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Urs Lucas Böhm
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 1127, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7225, 75005 Paris, France; UPMC University Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 1127, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7225, 75005 Paris, France; UPMC University Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Po-En Brian Tseng
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 1127, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7225, 75005 Paris, France; UPMC University Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Morgan Newman
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Caleb Stokes
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 1127, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7225, 75005 Paris, France; UPMC University Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 1127, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7225, 75005 Paris, France; UPMC University Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France.
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Böhm UL, Wyart C. Spinal sensory circuits in motion. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 41:38-43. [PMID: 27573214 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of sensory feedback in shaping locomotion has been long debated. Recent advances in genetics and behavior analysis revealed the importance of proprioceptive pathways in spinal circuits. The mechanisms underlying peripheral mechanosensation enabled to unravel the networks that feedback to spinal circuits in order to modulate locomotion. Sensory inputs to the vertebrate spinal cord were long thought to originate from the periphery. Recent studies challenge this view: GABAergic sensory neurons located within the spinal cord have been shown to relay mechanical and chemical information from the cerebrospinal fluid to motor circuits. Innovative approaches combining genetics, quantitative analysis of behavior and optogenetics now allow probing the contribution of these sensory feedback pathways to locomotion and recovery following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Lucas Böhm
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Campus Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; UPMC Univ., Paris 06, France; Inserm UMR S1127, France; CNRS UMR 7225, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Campus Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; UPMC Univ., Paris 06, France; Inserm UMR S1127, France; CNRS UMR 7225, France.
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43
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Tuthill JC. This is Cerebrospinal Tap. J Exp Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.130211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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