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Sunada Y, Hatori K. Polymer-Carrying Ability of Actin Filaments Interacting with Myosin Motors in a Biological Motility System In Vitro. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100471. [PMID: 35261163 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reconstituted motility system of actin-myosin is expected to be used in bioinspired transport devices, in which carried materials are attached to either moving actin filaments or walking myosin molecules. However, the dependence of the ability to transport on the size of the attached materials is still inadequately understood. Here, as carried materials, polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of various sizes are covalently bound to actin filaments, and the motility of PEG-attached filaments on a heavy meromyosin immobilized on a glass surface is observed via fluorescence microscopy. Full attachment of 2 kDa PEG, with an approximately 2 nm gyration radius, decreases the velocity and fraction of moving actin filaments by approximately 10% relative to unattached filaments. For the 5 kDa PEG, the fraction of moving filaments is decreased by approximately 70% even when the filaments contain only 20% PEG-attached actin. The attachment of both sizes of PEGs suppresses the actin-activated ATPase activity at the same level. These results suggest that actin filaments can carry PEGs up to 2 kDa having the same size as actin monomers, while the rate of ATP hydrolysis is limited. The size-dependence may provide a criterion for material delivery via actin filaments in nanotransport applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Sunada
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jyonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Hatori
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jyonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
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2
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Zhang N, Zhou S, Ji HH, Li XD. Effects of the IQ1 motif of Drosophila myosin-5 on the calcium interaction of calmodulin. Cell Calcium 2022; 103:102549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Justice AE, Chittoor G, Gondalia R, Melton PE, Lim E, Grove ML, Whitsel EA, Liu CT, Cupples LA, Fernandez-Rhodes L, Guan W, Bressler J, Fornage M, Boerwinkle E, Li Y, Demerath E, Heard-Costa N, Levy D, Stewart JD, Baccarelli A, Hou L, Conneely K, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Huang RC, Gordon-Larsen P, Howard AG, North KE. Methylome-wide association study of central adiposity implicates genes involved in immune and endocrine systems. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1483-1499. [PMID: 32901515 PMCID: PMC7923253 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We conducted a methylome-wide association study to examine associations between DNA methylation in whole blood and central adiposity and body fat distribution, measured as waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio adjusted for body mass index, in 2684 African-American adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Materials & methods: We validated significantly associated cytosine-phosphate-guanine methylation sites (CpGs) among adults using the Women's Health Initiative and Framingham Heart Study participants (combined n = 5743) and generalized associations in adolescents from The Raine Study (n = 820). Results & conclusion: We identified 11 CpGs that were robustly associated with one or more central adiposity trait in adults and two in adolescents, including CpG site associations near TXNIP, ADCY7, SREBF1 and RAP1GAP2 that had not previously been associated with obesity-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Rahul Gondalia
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Phillip E Melton
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, MRF Building, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health & Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TA, 7000 Australia
| | - Elise Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Lindsay Fernandez-Rhodes
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Center for Human Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ellen Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Dan Levy
- Population sciences branch, NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Departments of Environmental Health Sciences & Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Karen Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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Dolce LG, Ohbayashi N, Silva DFD, Ferrari AJ, Pirolla RA, Schwarzer ACDA, Zanphorlin LM, Cabral L, Fioramonte M, Ramos CH, Gozzo FC, Fukuda M, Giuseppe POD, Murakami MT. Unveiling the interaction between the molecular motor Myosin Vc and the small GTPase Rab3A. J Proteomics 2020; 212:103549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Sellers JR, Takagi Y. How Myosin 5 Walks Deduced from Single-Molecule Biophysical Approaches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1239:153-181. [PMID: 32451859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myosin 5a is a two-headed myosin that functions as a cargo transporter in cells. To accomplish this task it has evolved several unique structural and kinetic features that allow it to move processively as a single molecule along actin filaments. A plethora of biophysical techniques have been used to elucidate the detailed mechanism of its movement along actin filaments in vitro. This chapter describes how this mechanism was deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Myosin Va interacts with the exosomal protein spermine synthase. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182189. [PMID: 30733278 PMCID: PMC6395372 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin Va (MyoVa) is an actin-based molecular motor that plays key roles in the final stages of secretory pathways, including neurotransmitter release. Several studies have addressed how MyoVa coordinates the trafficking of secretory vesicles, but why this molecular motor is found in exosomes is still unclear. In this work, using a yeast two-hybrid screening system, we identified the direct interaction between the globular tail domain (GTD) of MyoVa and four protein components of exosomes: the WD repeat-containing protein 48 (WDR48), the cold shock domain-containing protein E1 (CSDE1), the tandem C2 domain-containing protein 1 (TC2N), and the enzyme spermine synthase (SMS). The interaction between the GTD of MyoVa and SMS was further validated in vitro and displayed a Kd in the low micromolar range (3.5 ± 0.5 µM). SMS localized together with MyoVa in cytoplasmic vesicles of breast cancer MCF-7 and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines, known to produce exosomes. Moreover, MYO5A knockdown decreased the expression of SMS gene and rendered the distribution of SMS protein diffuse, supporting a role for MyoVa in SMS expression and targeting.
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7
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Gardini L, Heissler SM, Arbore C, Yang Y, Sellers JR, Pavone FS, Capitanio M. Dissecting myosin-5B mechanosensitivity and calcium regulation at the single molecule level. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2844. [PMID: 30030431 PMCID: PMC6054644 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin-5B is one of three members of the myosin-5 family of actin-based molecular motors. Despite its fundamental role in recycling endosome trafficking and in collective actin network dynamics, the molecular mechanisms underlying its motility are inherently unknown. Here we combine single-molecule imaging and high-speed laser tweezers to dissect the mechanoenzymatic properties of myosin-5B. We show that a single myosin-5B moves processively in 36-nm steps, stalls at ~2 pN resistive forces, and reverses its directionality at forces >2 pN. Interestingly, myosin-5B mechanosensitivity differs from that of myosin-5A, while it is strikingly similar to kinesin-1. In particular, myosin-5B run length is markedly and asymmetrically sensitive to force, a property that might be central to motor ensemble coordination. Furthermore, we show that Ca2+ does not affect the enzymatic activity of the motor unit, but abolishes myosin-5B processivity through calmodulin dissociation, providing important insights into the regulation of postsynaptic cargoes trafficking in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gardini
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics-National Research Council, Largo Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-8015, USA
| | - Claudia Arbore
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-8015, USA
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-8015, USA
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics-National Research Council, Largo Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Capitanio
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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8
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Tu F, Sedzinski J, Ma Y, Marcotte EM, Wallingford JB. Protein localization screening in vivo reveals novel regulators of multiciliated cell development and function. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.206565. [PMID: 29180514 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) drive fluid flow in diverse tubular organs and are essential for the development and homeostasis of the vertebrate central nervous system, airway and reproductive tracts. These cells are characterized by dozens or hundreds of motile cilia that beat in a coordinated and polarized manner. In recent years, genomic studies have not only elucidated the transcriptional hierarchy for MCC specification but also identified myriad new proteins that govern MCC ciliogenesis, cilia beating and cilia polarization. Interestingly, this burst of genomic data has also highlighted that proteins with no obvious role in cilia do, in fact, have important ciliary functions. Understanding the function of proteins with little prior history of study presents a special challenge, especially when faced with large numbers of such proteins. Here, we define the subcellular localization in MCCs of ∼200 proteins not previously implicated in cilia biology. Functional analyses arising from the screen provide novel links between actin cytoskeleton and MCC ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tu
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jakub Sedzinski
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,The Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yun Ma
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,The Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Edward M Marcotte
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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9
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Heissler SM, Chinthalapudi K, Sellers JR. Kinetic signatures of myosin-5B, the motor involved in microvillus inclusion disease. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18372-18385. [PMID: 28882893 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.801456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin-5B is a ubiquitous molecular motor that transports cargo vesicles of the endomembrane system in intracellular recycling pathways. Myosin-5B malfunction causes the congenital enteropathy microvillus inclusion disease, underlining its importance in cellular homeostasis. Here we describe the interaction of myosin-5B with F-actin, nucleotides, and the pyrazolopyrimidine compound myoVin-1. We show that single-headed myosin-5B is an intermediate duty ratio motor with a kinetic ATPase cycle that is rate-limited by the release of phosphate. The presence of a second head generates strain and gating in the myosin-5B dimer that alters the kinetic signature by reducing the actin-activated ADP release rate to become rate-limiting. This kinetic transition into a high-duty ratio motor is a prerequisite for the proposed transport function of myosin-5B in cellular recycling pathways. Moreover, we show that the small molecule compound myoVin-1 inhibits the enzymatic and functional activity of myosin-5B in vitro Partial inhibition of the actin-activated steady-state ATPase activity and sliding velocity suggests that caution should be used when probing the effect of myoVin-1 on myosin-5-dependent transport processes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heissler
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8015 and
| | - Krishna Chinthalapudi
- the Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - James R Sellers
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8015 and
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10
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Krementsova EB, Furuta K, Oiwa K, Trybus KM, Ali MY. Small teams of myosin Vc motors coordinate their stepping for efficient cargo transport on actin bundles. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10998-11008. [PMID: 28476885 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.780791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin Vc (myoVc) is unique among vertebrate class V myosin isoforms in that it requires teams of motors to move continuously on single actin filaments. Single molecules of myoVc cannot take multiple hand-over-hand steps from one actin-binding site to the next without dissociating, in stark contrast to the well studied myosin Va (myoVa) isoform. At low salt, single myoVc motors can, however, move processively on actin bundles, and at physiologic ionic strength, even teams of myoVc motors require actin bundles to sustain continuous motion. Here, we linked defined numbers of myoVc or myoVa molecules to DNA nanostructures as synthetic cargos. Using total internal reflectance fluorescence microscopy, we compared the stepping behavior of myoVc versus myoVa ensembles and myoVc stepping patterns on single actin filaments versus actin bundles. Run lengths of both myoVc and myoVa teams increased with motor number, but only multiple myoVc motors showed a run-length enhancement on actin bundles compared with actin filaments. By resolving the stepping behavior of individual myoVc motors with a quantum dot bound to the motor domain, we found that coupling of two myoVc motors significantly decreased the futile back and side steps that were frequently observed for single myoVc motors. Changes in the inter-motor distance between two coupled myoVc motors affected stepping dynamics, suggesting that mechanical tension coordinates the stepping behavior of two myoVc motors for efficient directional motion. Our study provides a molecular basis to explain how teams of myoVc motors are suited to transport cargos such as zymogen granules on actin bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena B Krementsova
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 and
| | - Ken'ya Furuta
- the Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Oiwa
- the Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 and
| | - M Yusuf Ali
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 and
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Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein Tau is primarily expressed in neurons and plays an integral role in the regulation of multiple functions within the axon. In the adult brain, the six Tau isoforms are expressed allowing for a complex system of control. Despite Tau's central role, the mechanisms by which Tau acts are not fully understood. We have used single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and the methods described in this chapter to further our knowledge of Tau's behavior and function. We have demonstrated that Tau's dynamic binding behavior allows for regulation of motor protein motility and microtubule dynamics in an isoform-specific manner. The continued use and refinement of the single-molecule techniques detailed here can only further our knowledge of Tau and other proteins integral to the maintenance of axonal transport.
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