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Wang J, So C. Aged eggs improve within young follicles. NATURE AGING 2024:10.1038/s43587-024-00715-y. [PMID: 39354178 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing (NIBS), Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun So
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing (NIBS), Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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2
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Yin YX, Ding MQ, Yi Y, Zou YJ, Liao BY, Sun SC. Insufficient KIF15 during porcine oocyte ageing induces HDAC6-based microtubule instability. Theriogenology 2024; 226:49-56. [PMID: 38838614 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
During aging, oocytes display cytoskeleton dynamics defects and aneuploidy, leading to embryonic aneuploidy, which in turn causes miscarriages, implantation failures, and birth defects. KIF15 (also known as Hklp2), a member of the kinesin-12 superfamily, is a cytoplasmic motor protein reported to be involved in Golgi and vesicle-related transport during mitosis in somatic cells. However, the regulatory mechanisms of KIF15 during meiosis in porcine oocytes and the connection with postovulatory aging remain unclear. In present study, we found that KIF15 is expressed during porcine oocyte maturation, and its localization is dependent on microtubule dynamics. Furthermore, the level of KIF15 expression decreased in postovulatory aged oocytes. The decrease in KIF15 blocked polar body extrusion, thereby hindering oocyte maturation. We demonstrated that KIF15 defects contributed to abnormal spindle morphologies and chromosome misalignment, possibly due to microtubule instability, as evidenced by microtubule depolymerization after cold treatment. Additionally, our data indicated that KIF15 modulates HDAC6 to affect tubulin acetylation in oocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that KIF15 regulates HDAC6-related microtubule stability for spindle organization in porcine oocytes during meiosis, which may contribute to the decline in maturation competence in aged porcine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xuan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meng-Qi Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bi-Yun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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3
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Zimyanin V, Redemann S. Microtubule length correlates with spindle length in C. elegans meiosis. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:356-368. [PMID: 38450962 PMCID: PMC11333180 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The accurate segregation of chromosomes during female meiosis relies on the precise assembly and function of the meiotic spindle, a dynamic structure primarily composed of microtubules. Despite the crucial role of microtubule dynamics in this process, the relationship between microtubule length and spindle size remains elusive. Leveraging Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we combined electron tomography and live imaging to investigate this correlation. Our analysis revealed significant changes in spindle length throughout meiosis, coupled with alterations in microtubule length. Surprisingly, while spindle size decreases during the initial stages of anaphase, the size of antiparallel microtubule overlap decreased as well. Detailed electron tomography shows a positive correlation between microtubule length and spindle size, indicating a role of microtubule length in determining spindle dimensions. Notably, microtubule numbers displayed no significant association with spindle length, highlighting the dominance of microtubule length regulation in spindle size determination. Depletion of the microtubule depolymerase KLP-7 led to elongated metaphase spindles with increased microtubule length, supporting the link between microtubule length and spindle size. These findings underscore the pivotal role of regulating microtubule dynamics, and thus microtubule length, in governing spindle rearrangements during meiotic division, shedding light on fundamental mechanisms dictating spindle architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Zimyanin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stefanie Redemann
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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4
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Takenouchi O, Sakakibara Y, Kitajima TS. Live chromosome identifying and tracking reveals size-based spatial pathway of meiotic errors in oocytes. Science 2024; 385:eadn5529. [PMID: 39024439 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn5529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Meiotic errors of relatively small chromosomes in oocytes result in egg aneuploidies that cause miscarriages and congenital diseases. Unlike somatic cells, which preferentially mis-segregate larger chromosomes, aged oocytes preferentially mis-segregate smaller chromosomes through unclear processes. Here, we provide a comprehensive three-dimensional chromosome identifying-and-tracking dataset throughout meiosis I in live mouse oocytes. This analysis reveals a prometaphase pathway that actively moves smaller chromosomes to the inner region of the metaphase plate. In the inner region, chromosomes are pulled by stronger bipolar microtubule forces, which facilitates premature chromosome separation, a major cause of segregation errors in aged oocytes. This study reveals a spatial pathway that facilitates aneuploidy of small chromosomes preferentially in aged eggs and implicates the role of the M phase in creating a chromosome size-based spatial arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Takenouchi
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
| | - Yogo Sakakibara
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoya S Kitajima
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
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5
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Huang W, Li X, Yang H, Huang H. The impact of maternal age on aneuploidy in oocytes: Reproductive consequences, molecular mechanisms, and future directions. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102292. [PMID: 38582380 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Age-related aneuploidy in human oocytes is a major factor contributing to decreased fertility and adverse reproductive outcomes. As females age, their oocytes are more prone to meiotic chromosome segregation errors, leading primarily to aneuploidy. Elevated aneuploidy rates have also been observed in oocytes from very young, prepubertal conceptions. A key barrier to developing effective treatments for age-related oocyte aneuploidy is our incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. The challenge is becoming increasingly critical as more people choose to delay childbearing, a trend that has significant societal implications. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the process of oocyte meiosis and folliculogenesis, highlighting the relationship between age and chromosomal aberrations in oocytes and embryos, and integrate proposed mechanisms of age-related meiotic disturbances across structural, protein, and genomic levels. Our goal is to spur new research directions and therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China; Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China; Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China; Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China.
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China; Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Nakagawa S, Carnevali D, Tan X, Alvarez MJ, Parfitt DE, Di Vicino U, Arumugam K, Shin W, Aranda S, Normanno D, Sebastian-Perez R, Cannatá C, Cortes P, Neguembor MV, Shen MM, Califano A, Cosma MP. The Wnt-dependent master regulator NKX1-2 controls mouse pre-implantation development. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:689-709. [PMID: 38701778 PMCID: PMC11103935 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryo size, specification, and homeostasis are regulated by a complex gene regulatory and signaling network. Here we used gene expression signatures of Wnt-activated mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) clones to reverse engineer an mESC regulatory network. We identify NKX1-2 as a novel master regulator of preimplantation embryo development. We find that Nkx1-2 inhibition reduces nascent RNA synthesis, downregulates genes controlling ribosome biogenesis, RNA translation, and transport, and induces severe alteration of nucleolus structure, resulting in the exclusion of RNA polymerase I from nucleoli. In turn, NKX1-2 loss of function leads to chromosome missegregation in the 2- to 4-cell embryo stages, severe decrease in blastomere numbers, alterations of tight junctions (TJs), and impairment of microlumen coarsening. Overall, these changes impair the blastocoel expansion-collapse cycle and embryo cavitation, leading to altered lineage specification and developmental arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Nakagawa
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Carnevali
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiangtian Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariano J Alvarez
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; DarwinHealth Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - David-Emlyn Parfitt
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Umberto Di Vicino
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karthik Arumugam
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergi Aranda
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Normanno
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ruben Sebastian-Perez
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Cannatá
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Cortes
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Neguembor
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg.Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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7
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Liu N, Qiang W, Jordan P, Marko J, Qiao H. Cell-cycle and Age-Related Modulations in Mouse Chromosome Stiffness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.06.583771. [PMID: 38559262 PMCID: PMC10979861 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The intricate structure of chromosomes is complex, and many aspects of chromosome configuration/organization remain to be fully understood. Measuring chromosome stiffness can provide valuable insights into their structure. However, the nature of chromosome stiffness, whether static or dynamic, remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed chromosome stiffness in MI and MII oocytes. We revealed that MI oocytes had a ten-fold increase in stiffness compared to mitotic chromosomes, whereas chromosome stiffness in MII oocytes was relatively low chromosome. We then investigated the contribution of meiosis-specific cohesin complexes to chromosome stiffness in MI and MII oocytes. Surprisingly, the Young's modulus of chromosomes from the three meiosis-specific cohesin mutants did not exhibit significant differences compared to the wild type, indicating that these proteins may not play a substantial role in determining chromosome stiffness. Additionally, our findings revealed an age-related increase in chromosome stiffness in MI oocytes. Age correlates with elevated DNA damage levels, so we investigated the impact of etoposide-induced DNA damage on chromosome stiffness, discovering a reduction in stiffness in response to such damage in MI oocytes. Overall, our study underscores the dynamic nature of chromosome stiffness, subject to changes influenced by the cell cycle and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Wenan Qiang
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Philip Jordan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Departments, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Marko
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Huanyu Qiao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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8
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Jones TLM, Woulfe KC. Considering impact of age and sex on cardiac cytoskeletal components. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H470-H478. [PMID: 38133622 PMCID: PMC11219061 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00619.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac cytoskeletal components are integral to cardiomyocyte function and are responsible for contraction, sustaining cell structure, and providing scaffolding to direct signaling. Cytoskeletal components have been implicated in cardiac pathology; however, less attention has been paid to age-related modifications of cardiac cytoskeletal components and how these contribute to dysfunction with increased age. Moreover, significant sex differences in cardiac aging have been identified, but we still lack a complete understanding to the mechanisms behind these differences. This review summarizes what is known about how key cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal components are modified because of age, as well as reported sex-specific differences. Thorough consideration of both age and sex as integral players in cytoskeletal function may reveal potential avenues for more personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L M Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kathleen C Woulfe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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9
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Okenve-Ramos P, Gosling R, Chojnowska-Monga M, Gupta K, Shields S, Alhadyian H, Collie C, Gregory E, Sanchez-Soriano N. Neuronal ageing is promoted by the decay of the microtubule cytoskeleton. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002504. [PMID: 38478582 PMCID: PMC10962844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural ageing is accompanied by a decline in motor, sensory, and cognitive functions, all impacting quality of life. Ageing is also the predominant risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. We need to therefore gain a better understanding of the cellular and physiological processes underlying age-related neuronal decay. However, gaining this understanding is a slow process due to the large amount of time required to age mammalian or vertebrate animal models. Here, we introduce a new cellular model within the Drosophila brain, in which we report classical ageing hallmarks previously observed in the primate brain. These hallmarks include axonal swellings, cytoskeletal decay, a reduction in axonal calibre, and morphological changes arising at synaptic terminals. In the fly brain, these changes begin to occur within a few weeks, ideal to study the underlying mechanisms of ageing. We discovered that the decay of the neuronal microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton precedes the onset of other ageing hallmarks. We showed that the MT-binding factors Tau, EB1, and Shot/MACF1, are necessary for MT maintenance in axons and synapses, and that their functional loss during ageing triggers MT bundle decay, followed by a decline in axons and synaptic terminals. Furthermore, genetic manipulations that improve MT networks slowed down the onset of neuronal ageing hallmarks and confer aged specimens the ability to outperform age-matched controls. Our work suggests that MT networks are a key lesion site in ageing neurons and therefore the MT cytoskeleton offers a promising target to improve neuronal decay in advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Okenve-Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rory Gosling
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Chojnowska-Monga
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kriti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Shields
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Haifa Alhadyian
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ceryce Collie
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Gregory
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Sanchez-Soriano
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Zhang FL, Li WD, Zhu KX, Zhou X, Li L, Lee TL, Shen W. Aging-related aneuploidy is associated with mitochondrial imbalance and failure of spindle assembly. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:235. [PMID: 37422452 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite aging is closely linked to increased aneuploidy in the oocytes, the mechanism of how aging affects aneuploidy remains largely elusive. Here, we applied single-cell parallel methylation and transcriptome sequencing (scM&T-seq) data from the aging mouse oocyte model to decode the genomic landscape of oocyte aging. We found a decline in oocyte quality in aging mice, as manifested by a significantly lower rate of first polar body exclusion (P < 0.05), and dramatically increasing aneuploidy rate (P < 0.01). Simultaneously, scM&T data suggested that a large number of differential expression genes (DEGs) and differential methylation regions (DMRs) were obtained. Next, we identified strong association of spindle assembly and mitochondrial transmembrane transport during oocyte aging. Moreover, we verified the DEGs related to spindle assembly (such as Naip1, Aspm, Racgap1, Zfp207) by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and checked the mitochondrial dysfunction by JC-1 staining. Pearson correlation analysis found that receptors for mitochondrial function were strongly positively correlated with abnormal spindle assembly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggested that the mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal spindle assembly of aging oocytes ultimately may lead to increased oocyte aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Li Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
| | - Tin-Lap Lee
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
- EggLoigcs Limited. Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China.
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11
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Blengini CS, Schindler K. Follicular communication breakdown in aging ovaries. NATURE AGING 2023:10.1038/s43587-023-00435-9. [PMID: 37231198 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia S Blengini
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Karen Schindler
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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12
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Suebthawinkul C, Babayev E, Lee HC, Duncan FE. Morphokinetic parameters of mouse oocyte meiotic maturation and cumulus expansion are not affected by reproductive age or ploidy status. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1197-1213. [PMID: 37012451 PMCID: PMC10239409 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morphokinetic analysis using a closed time-lapse monitoring system (EmbryoScope + ™) provides quantitative metrics of meiotic progression and cumulus expansion. The goal of this study was to use a physiologic aging mouse model, in which egg aneuploidy levels increase, to determine whether there are age-dependent differences in morphokinetic parameters of oocyte maturation. METHODS Denuded oocytes and intact cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were isolated from reproductively young and old mice and in vitro matured in the EmbryoScope + ™. Morphokinetic parameters of meiotic progression and cumulus expansion were evaluated, compared between reproductively young and old mice, and correlated with egg ploidy status. RESULTS Oocytes from reproductively old mice were smaller than young counterparts in terms of GV area (446.42 ± 4.15 vs. 416.79 ± 5.24 µm2, p < 0.0001) and oocyte area (4195.71 ± 33.10 vs. 4081.62 ± 41.04 µm2, p < 0.05). In addition, the aneuploidy incidence was higher in eggs with advanced reproductive age (24-27% vs. 8-9%, p < 0.05). There were no differences in the morphokinetic parameters of oocyte maturation between oocytes from reproductively young and old mice with respect to time to germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) (1.03 ± 0.03 vs. 1.01 ± 0.04 h), polar body extrusion (PBE) (8.56 ± 0.11 vs. 8.52 ± 0.15 h), duration of meiosis I (7.58 ± 0.10 vs. 7.48 ± 0.11 h), and kinetics of cumulus expansion (0.093 ± 0.002 vs. 0.089 ± 0.003 µm/min). All morphokinetic parameters of oocyte maturation were similar between euploid and aneuploid eggs irrespective of age. CONCLUSION There is no association between age or ploidy and the morphokinetics of mouse oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM). Future studies are needed to evaluate whether there is an association between morphokinetic dynamics of mouse IVM and embryo developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanakarn Suebthawinkul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elnur Babayev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hoi Chang Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francesca E Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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13
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Akera T. Tubulin post-translational modifications in meiosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 137:38-45. [PMID: 34836784 PMCID: PMC9124733 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haploid gametes are produced from diploid parents through meiosis, a process inherent to all sexually reproducing eukaryotes. Faithful chromosome segregation in meiosis is essential for reproductive success, although it is less clear how the meiotic spindle achieves this compared to the mitotic spindle. It is becoming increasingly clear that tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) play critical roles in regulating microtubule functions in many biological processes, and meiosis is no exception. Here, I review recent advances in the understanding of tubulin PTMs in meiotic spindles, especially focusing on their roles in spindle integrity, oocyte aging, and non-Mendelian transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akera
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
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14
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Dunkley S, Mogessie B. Actin limits egg aneuploidies associated with female reproductive aging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc9161. [PMID: 36662854 PMCID: PMC9858517 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related centromeric cohesion loss underlies premature separation of sister chromatids and egg aneuploidy in reproductively older females. Here, we show that F-actin maintains chromatid association after cohesion deterioration in aged eggs. F-actin disruption in aged mouse eggs exacerbated untimely dissociation of sister chromatids, while its removal in young eggs induced extensive chromatid separation events generally only seen in advanced reproductive ages. In young eggs containing experimentally reduced cohesion, F-actin removal accelerated premature splitting and scattering of sister chromatids in a microtubule dynamics-dependent manner, suggesting that actin counteracts chromatid-pulling spindle forces. Consistently, F-actin stabilization restricted scattering of unpaired chromatids generated by complete degradation of centromeric cohesion proteins. We conclude that actin mitigates egg aneuploidies arising from age-related cohesion depletion by limiting microtubule-driven separation and dispersion of sister chromatids. This is supported by our finding that spindle-associated F-actin structures are disrupted in eggs of reproductively older females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Dunkley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Binyam Mogessie
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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15
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Charalambous C, Webster A, Schuh M. Aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes and the impact of maternal ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:27-44. [PMID: 36068367 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During fertilization, the egg and the sperm are supposed to contribute precisely one copy of each chromosome to the embryo. However, human eggs frequently contain an incorrect number of chromosomes - a condition termed aneuploidy, which is much more prevalent in eggs than in either sperm or in most somatic cells. In turn, aneuploidy in eggs is a leading cause of infertility, miscarriage and congenital syndromes. Aneuploidy arises as a consequence of aberrant meiosis during egg development from its progenitor cell, the oocyte. In human oocytes, chromosomes often segregate incorrectly. Chromosome segregation errors increase in women from their mid-thirties, leading to even higher levels of aneuploidy in eggs from women of advanced maternal age, ultimately causing age-related infertility. Here, we cover the two main areas that contribute to aneuploidy: (1) factors that influence the fidelity of chromosome segregation in eggs of women from all ages and (2) factors that change in response to reproductive ageing. Recent discoveries reveal new error-causing pathways and present a framework for therapeutic strategies to extend the span of female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Charalambous
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandre Webster
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melina Schuh
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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16
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Cai Y, Song W, Li J, Jing Y, Liang C, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang W, Liu B, An Y, Li J, Tang B, Pei S, Wu X, Liu Y, Zhuang CL, Ying Y, Dou X, Chen Y, Xiao FH, Li D, Yang R, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Li Y, Ma S, Wang S, Song X, Ren J, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang W, Xie Z, Qu J, Wang J, Xiao Y, Tian Y, Wang G, Hu P, Ye J, Sun Y, Mao Z, Kong QP, Liu Q, Zou W, Tian XL, Xiao ZX, Liu Y, Liu JP, Song M, Han JDJ, Liu GH. The landscape of aging. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2354-2454. [PMID: 36066811 PMCID: PMC9446657 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on "healthy aging" raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Song
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Jing
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chuqian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongpan An
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baixue Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Siyu Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xueying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cheng-Le Zhuang
- Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yilin Ying
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xuefeng Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fu-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Dingfeng Li
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ruici Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yujing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400062, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Gelin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ping Hu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA.
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiong Xiao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, Victoria, 3181, Australia.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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17
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Leroy JLMR, Meulders B, Moorkens K, Xhonneux I, Slootmans J, De Keersmaeker L, Smits A, Bogado Pascottini O, Marei WFA. Maternal metabolic health and fertility: we should not only care about but also for the oocyte! Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 35:1-18. [PMID: 36592978 DOI: 10.1071/rd22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders due to obesity and unhealthy lifestyle directly alter the oocyte's microenvironment and impact oocyte quality. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play key roles in the pathogenesis. Acute effects on the fully grown oocytes are evident, but early follicular stages are also sensitive to metabolic stress leading to a long-term impact on follicular cells and oocytes. Improving the preconception health is therefore of capital importance but research in animal models has demonstrated that oocyte quality is not fully recovered. In the in vitro fertilisation clinic, maternal metabolic disorders are linked with disappointing assisted reproductive technology results. Embryos derived from metabolically compromised oocytes exhibit persistently high intracellular stress levels due to weak cellular homeostatic mechanisms. The assisted reproductive technology procedures themselves form an extra burden for these defective embryos. Minimising cellular stress during culture using mitochondrial-targeted therapy could rescue compromised embryos in a bovine model. However, translating such applications to human in vitro fertilisation clinics is not simple. It is crucial to consider the sensitive epigenetic programming during early development. Research in humans and relevant animal models should result in preconception care interventions and in vitro strategies not only aiming at improving fertility but also safeguarding offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - B Meulders
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - K Moorkens
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - I Xhonneux
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - J Slootmans
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - L De Keersmaeker
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - A Smits
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - O Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - W F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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18
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Dunkley S, Scheffler K, Mogessie B. Cytoskeletal form and function in mammalian oocytes and zygotes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102073. [PMID: 35364486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons of mammalian oocytes and zygotes exist in distinct forms at various subcellular locations. This enables each cytoskeletal system to perform vastly different functions in time and space within the same cell. In recent years, key discovery enabling tools including light-sensitive microscopy assays have helped to illuminate cytoskeletal form and function in female reproductive cell biology. New findings include unexpected participation of F-actin in oocyte chromosome segregation, oocyte specific modes of spindle self-organization as well as existence of nuclear actin polymers whose functions are only starting to emerge. Functional actin-microtubule interactions have also been identified as an important feature that supports mammalian embryo development. Other advances have revealed reproductive age-related changes in chromosome structure and dynamics that predispose mammalian eggs to aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Dunkley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Binyam Mogessie
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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19
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Du X, Li J, Zhuan Q, Zhang L, Meng L, Ren P, Huang X, Bai J, Wan P, Sun W, Hou Y, Zhu S, Fu X. Artificially Increasing Cortical Tension Improves Mouse Oocytes Development by Attenuating Meiotic Defects During Vitrification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876259. [PMID: 35399525 PMCID: PMC8987233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocyte cryopreservation demonstrates great benefits in the conservation of animal germplasm resources and assisted reproductive technology. However, vitrification causes damages in oocytes, which would lead to the decrease of oocyte quality, and embryonic development post fertilization. Cytoskeleton plays an important role in regulating cell shape, organelle migration, cell division and mechanical signal transduction. Cortical tension is a reflection of the physiological state and contractile ability of cortical cytoskeleton. Appropriate cortical tension is prerequesite for normal oocyte meiosis. In the present study, oocyte cortical tension was examined by evaluating the levels of cortical tension-related protein pERM (Phospho-Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin) and pMRLC (Phospho-Myosin Light Chain 2). We found that the cortical tension of vitrified oocytes was decreased. Increasing cortical tension of vitrified oocytes by adding 10 μg/ml ConA during in vitro culture could significantly improve the polar body extrusion rate and embryo development. Furthermore, increasing the cortical tension could improve spindle positioning, maintain kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachment, strengthen spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activity, and reduce the aneuploidy rate in vitrified oocytes. In conclusion, vitrification induced a remarkable decrease in cortical tension, and increasing the cortical tension could rescue the meiosis defect and improve oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingrui Zhuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Meng
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Panyu Ren
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Huang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Bai
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenquan Sun
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shien Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangwei Fu,
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20
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Bebbere D, Coticchio G, Borini A, Ledda S. Oocyte aging: looking beyond chromosome segregation errors. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:793-800. [PMID: 35212880 PMCID: PMC9051005 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-associated decline in female fertility is largely ascribable to a decrease in oocyte quality. This phenomenon is multifaceted and influenced by numerous interconnected maternal and environmental factors. An increase in the rate of meiotic errors is the major cause of the decline in oocyte developmental competence. However, abnormalities in the ooplasm accumulating with age - including altered metabolism, organelle dysfunction, and aberrant gene regulation - progressively undermine oocyte quality. Stockpiling of maternal macromolecules during folliculogenesis is crucial, as oocyte competence to achieve maturation, fertilization, and the earliest phases of embryo development occur in absence of transcription. At the same time, crucial remodeling of oocyte epigenetics during oogenesis is potentially exposed to interfering factors, such as assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) or environmental changes, whose impact may be enhanced by reproductive aging. As the effects of maternal aging on molecular mechanisms governing the function of the human oocyte remain poorly understood, studies in animal models are essential to deepen current understanding, with translational implications for human ARTs. The present mini review aims at offering an updated and consistent view of cytoplasmic alterations occurring in oocytes during aging, focusing particularly on gene and epigenetic regulation. Appreciation of these mechanisms could inspire solutions to mitigate/control the phenomenon, and thus benefit modern ARTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bebbere
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sergio Ledda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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21
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Blengini CS, Schindler K. Acentriolar spindle assembly in mammalian female meiosis and the consequences of its perturbations on human reproduction. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:253-263. [PMID: 34791041 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of meiosis is to generate developmentally competent, haploid gametes with the correct number of chromosomes. For reasons not completely understood, female meiosis is more prone to chromosome segregation errors than meiosis in males, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes, or aneuploidy, in gametes. Meiotic spindles are the cellular machinery essential for the proper segregation of chromosomes. One unique feature of spindle structures in female meiosis is spindles poles that lack centrioles. The process of building a meiotic spindle without centrioles is complex and requires precise coordination of different structural components, assembly factors, motor proteins, and signaling molecules at specific times and locations to regulate each step. In this review, we discuss the basics of spindle formation during oocyte meiotic maturation focusing on mouse and human studies. Finally, we review different factors that could alter the process of spindle formation and its stability. We conclude with a discussion of how different assisted reproductive technologies (ART) could affect spindles and the consequences these perturbations may have for subsequent embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia S Blengini
- Rutgers University, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Karen Schindler
- Rutgers University, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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22
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Distinct classes of lagging chromosome underpin age-related oocyte aneuploidy in mouse. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2273-2283.e3. [PMID: 34428397 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation errors that cause oocyte aneuploidy increase in frequency with maternal age and are considered a major contributing factor of age-related fertility decline in females. Lagging anaphase chromosomes are a common age-associated phenomenon in oocytes, but whether anaphase laggards actually missegregate and cause aneuploidy is unclear. Here, we show that lagging chromosomes in mouse oocytes comprise two mechanistically distinct classes of chromosome motion that we refer to as "class-I" and "class-II" laggards. We use imaging approaches and mechanistic interventions to dissociate the two classes and find that whereas class-II laggards are largely benign, class-I laggards frequently directly lead to aneuploidy. Most notably, a controlled prolongation of meiosis I specifically lessens class-I lagging to prevent aneuploidy. Our data thus reveal lagging chromosomes to be a cause of age-related aneuploidy in mouse oocytes and suggest that manipulating the cell cycle could increase the yield of useful oocytes in some contexts.
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23
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Chatzidaki EE, Powell S, Dequeker BJH, Gassler J, Silva MCC, Tachibana K. Ovulation suppression protects against chromosomal abnormalities in mouse eggs at advanced maternal age. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4038-4051.e7. [PMID: 34314679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of egg aneuploidy and trisomic pregnancies increases with maternal age. To what extent individual approaches can delay the "maternal age effect" is unclear because multiple causes contribute to chromosomal abnormalities in mammalian eggs. We propose that ovulation frequency determines the physiological aging of oocytes, a key aspect of which is the ability to accurately segregate chromosomes and produce euploid eggs. To test this hypothesis, ovulations were reduced using successive pregnancies, hormonal contraception, and a pre-pubertal knockout mouse model, and the effects on chromosome segregation and egg ploidy were examined. We show that each intervention reduces chromosomal abnormalities in eggs of aged mice, suggesting that ovulation reduction delays oocyte aging. The protective effect can be partly explained by retention of chromosomal Rec8-cohesin that maintains sister chromatid cohesion in meiosis. In addition, single-nucleus Hi-C (snHi-C) revealed deterioration in the 3D chromatin structure including an increase in extruded loop sizes in long-lived oocytes. Artificial cleavage of Rec8 is sufficient to increase extruded loop sizes, suggesting that cohesin complexes maintaining cohesion restrict loop extrusion. These findings suggest that ovulation suppression protects against Rec8 loss, thereby maintaining both sister chromatid cohesion and 3D chromatin structure and promoting production of euploid eggs. We conclude that the maternal age effect can be delayed in mice. An implication of this work is that long-term ovulation-suppressing conditions can potentially reduce the risk of aneuploid pregnancies at advanced maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouella E Chatzidaki
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sean Powell
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bart J H Dequeker
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Gassler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariana C C Silva
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Campus Vienna BioCenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kikuë Tachibana
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Totipotency, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Munich, Germany.
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24
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Chico-Sordo L, Córdova-Oriz I, Polonio AM, S-Mellado LS, Medrano M, García-Velasco JA, Varela E. Reproductive aging and telomeres: Are women and men equally affected? Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111541. [PMID: 34245740 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful reproduction is very important for individuals and for society. Currently, the human health span and lifespan are the object of intense and productive investigation with great achievements, compared to the last century. However, reproduction span does not progress concomitantly with lifespan. Reproductive organs age, decreasing the levels of sexual hormones, which are protectors of health through their action on several organs of the body. Thus, this is the starting point of the organismal decay and infertility. This starting point is easily detected in women. In men, it goes under the surface, undetected, but it goes, nevertheless. Regarding fertility, aging alters the hormonal equilibrium, decreases the potential of reproductive organs, diminishes the quality of the gametes and worsen the reproductive outcomes. All these events happen at a different pace and affecting different organs in women and men. The question is what molecular pathways are involved in reproductive aging and if there is a possible halting or even reversion of the aging events. Answers to all these points will be explained in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Chico-Sordo
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Isabel Córdova-Oriz
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alba María Polonio
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lucía Sánchez S-Mellado
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marta Medrano
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; IVIRMA Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio García-Velasco
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; IVIRMA Madrid, Spain; Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elisa Varela
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Advanced maternal age perturbs mouse embryo development and alters the phenotype of derived embryonic stem cells. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:395-405. [PMID: 34193331 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced maternal age (AMA) is known to reduce fertility, increases aneuploidy in oocytes and early embryos and leads to adverse developmental consequences which may associate with offspring lifetime health risks. However, investigating underlying effects of AMA on embryo developmental potential is confounded by the inherent senescence present in maternal body systems further affecting reproductive success. Here, we describe a new model for the analysis of early developmental mechanisms underlying AMA by the derivation and characterisation of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC-like) lines from naturally conceived embryos. Young (7-8 weeks) and Old (7-8 months) C57BL/6 female mice were mated with young males. Preimplantation embryos from Old dams displayed developmental retardation in blastocyst morphogenesis. mESC lines established from these blastocysts using conventional techniques revealed differences in genetic, cellular and molecular criteria conserved over several passages in the standardised medium. mESCs from embryos from AMA dams displayed increased incidence of aneuploidy following Giemsa karyotyping compared with those from Young dams. Moreover, AMA caused an altered pattern of expression of pluripotency markers (Sox2, OCT4) in mESCs. AMA further diminished mESC survival and proliferation and reduced the expression of cell proliferation marker, Ki-67. These changes coincided with altered expression of the epigenetic marker, Dnmt3a and other developmental regulators in a sex-dependent manner. Collectively, our data demonstrate the feasibility to utilise mESCs to reveal developmental mechanisms underlying AMA in the absence of maternal senescence and with reduced animal use.
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26
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Li CJ, Lin LT, Tsai HW, Chern CU, Wen ZH, Wang PH, Tsui KH. The Molecular Regulation in the Pathophysiology in Ovarian Aging. Aging Dis 2021; 12:934-949. [PMID: 34094652 PMCID: PMC8139203 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive system is of great significance to women’s health. Aging of the female reproductive system occurs approximately 10 years prior to the natural age-associated functional decline of other organ systems. With an increase in life expectancy worldwide, reproductive aging has gradually become a key health issue among women. Therefore, an adequate understanding of the causes and molecular mechanisms of ovarian aging is essential towards the inhibition of age-related diseases and the promotion of health and longevity in women. In general, women begin to experience a decline in ovarian function around the age of 35 years, which is mainly manifested as a decrease in the number of ovarian follicles and the quality of oocytes. Studies have revealed the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced DNA repair, epigenetic changes, and metabolic alterations in the cells within the ovaries as age increases. In the present work, we reviewed the possible factors of aging-induced ovarian insufficiency based on its clinical diagnosis and performed an in-depth investigation of the relevant molecular mechanisms and potential targets to provide novel approaches for the effective improvement of ovarian function in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2Institute of BioPharmaceutical sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Te Lin
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2Institute of BioPharmaceutical sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Tsai
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2Institute of BioPharmaceutical sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Uei Chern
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- 4Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,6Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,7Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2Institute of BioPharmaceutical sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,8Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
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27
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Al-Zubaidi U, Adhikari D, Cinar O, Zhang QH, Yuen WS, Murphy MP, Rombauts L, Robker RL, Carroll J. Mitochondria-targeted therapeutics, MitoQ and BGP-15, reverse aging-associated meiotic spindle defects in mouse and human oocytes. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:771-784. [PMID: 33367783 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do mitochondria-targeted therapies reverse ageing- and oxidative stress-induced spindle defects in oocytes from mice and humans? SUMMARY ANSWER Exposure to MitoQ or BGP-15 during IVM protected against spindle and chromosomal defects in mouse oocytes exposed to oxidative stress or derived from reproductively aged mice whilst MitoQ promoted nuclear maturation and protected against chromosomal misalignments in human oocytes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Spindle and chromosomal abnormalities in oocytes are more prevalent with maternal aging, increasing the risk of aneuploidy, miscarriage and genetic disorders such as Down's syndrome. The origin of compromised oocyte function may be founded in mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Oocytes from young and old mice were treated with MitoQ and/or BGP-15 during IVM. To directly induce mitochondrial dysfunction, oocytes were treated with H2O2, and then treated the MitoQ and/or BGP-15. Immature human oocytes were cultured with or without MitoQ. Each experiment was repeated at least three times, and data were analyzed by unpaired-sample t-test or chi-square test. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Immature germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes from 1-, 12- and 18-month-old mice were obtained from preovulatory ovarian follicles. Oocytes were treated with MitoQ and/or BGP-15 during IVM. GV-stage human oocytes were cultured with or without MitoQ. Mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ROS were measured by live-cell imaging. Meiotic spindle and chromosome alignments were visualized by immunofluorescent labeling of fixed oocytes and the 3-dimensional images were analyzed by Imaris. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE MitoQ or BGP-15 during IVM protects against spindle and chromosomal defects in oocytes exposed to oxidative stress and in oocytes from aged mice (P < 0.001). In human oocytes, the presence of MitoQ during IVM promoted nuclear maturation and had a similar positive effect in protecting against chromosomal misalignments (P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study identifies two excellent candidates that may help to improve fertility in older women. However, these potential therapies must be tested for efficacy in clinical IVM systems, and undergo thorough examination of resultant offspring in preclinical models before utilization. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results using in-vitro systems for oocyte maturation in both mouse and human provide proof of principle that mitochondrially targeted molecules such as MitoQ and BGP-15 may represent a novel therapeutic approach against maternal aging-related spindle and chromosomal abnormalities. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was financially supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council and Australian Research Council, Australia. U.A.-Z. was supported by the Iraqi Higher Education and Scientific Research Ministry PhD scholarship and O.C. was supported by TUBITAK-1059B191601275. M.P.M. consults for MitoQ Inc. and holds patents in mitochondria-targeted therapies. R.L.R. is an inventor on patents relating to the use of BGP-15 to improve gamete quality. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Al-Zubaidi
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.,Applied Embryology Department, High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, AL-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Deepak Adhikari
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ozgur Cinar
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Qing-Hua Zhang
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Wai Shan Yuen
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Luk Rombauts
- Monash IVF, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Robker
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.,School of Medicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - John Carroll
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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28
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Rizzo M, Stout TAE, Cristarella S, Quartuccio M, Kops GJPL, De Ruijter-Villani M. Compromised MPS1 Activity Induces Multipolar Spindle Formation in Oocytes From Aged Mares: Establishing the Horse as a Natural Animal Model to Study Age-Induced Oocyte Meiotic Spindle Instability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:657366. [PMID: 34026756 PMCID: PMC8136435 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy originating during meiosis in oocytes is the major cause of reduced fertility, implantation failure and miscarriage in women beyond their mid-thirties. Loss of chromosome cohesion, and defective microtubule dynamics and spindle assembly are, in turn, the major contributors to the error-prone nature of chromosome segregation in the oocytes of older women. However, the underlying molecular defects are not well understood. Altered function of MPS1 and AURKC have been shown to induce multipolar spindle phenotypes in murine oocytes and cancer cells, however, their role in reproductive aging associated oocyte aneuploidy is not known. Although age-related gamete and embryonic aneuploidy has been studied in female rodents, the horse may be a more appropriate animal model. Similar to women, aged mares suffer from reduced fertility and an increased incidence of oocyte aneuploidy. Moreover, mares show a long interval (decades) to reproductive senescence and, unlike rodents but similar to women, horse oocytes assemble the meiotic spindle in a slow and unstable manner, independent of microtubule organizing centers. In this study we found that oocytes from aged mares have lower expression of mRNA for Mps1, Spc25 and AurkC than oocytes from young mares while gene expression for other meiosis regulators did not differ. To assess the ability of horse oocytes to correctly form a bipolar spindle, in vitro matured MII oocytes were allowed to re-form their spindle after nocodazole-induced microtubule depolymerization. To investigate the importance of MPS1 and AURKC function in spindle (re)assembly, various concentrations of a MPS1 inhibitor (MPS1i, Compound 5) or an AURK inhibitor (AURKi, ZM447439) were included after nocodazole washout. MII oocytes from aged mares showed a higher incidence of spindle abnormalities after exposure to MPS1i. In contrast, Aurora kinase inhibition severely impaired microtubule organization and spindle formation in all oocytes, irrespective of mare age. In conclusion, gene expression for the kinases Mps1, Spc25, and AurkC is reduced in oocytes from aged mares. Moreover, spindle (re)assembly in aged mares’ oocytes is more unstable when Mps1 is inhibited. Overall, this suggests that compromised Mps1 activity predisposes to meiotic spindle instability in aged mare oocytes. This spindle instability could predispose to chromosome segregation errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Rizzo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Tom A E Stout
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Santo Cristarella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Quartuccio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marta De Ruijter-Villani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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29
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Llonch S, Barragán M, Nieto P, Mallol A, Elosua‐Bayes M, Lorden P, Ruiz S, Zambelli F, Heyn H, Vassena R, Payer B. Single human oocyte transcriptome analysis reveals distinct maturation stage-dependent pathways impacted by age. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13360. [PMID: 33908703 PMCID: PMC8135014 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Female fertility is inversely correlated with maternal age due to a depletion of the oocyte pool and a reduction in oocyte developmental competence. Few studies have addressed the effect of maternal age on the human mature oocyte (MII) transcriptome, which is established during oocyte growth and maturation, however, the pathways involved remain unclear. Here, we characterize and compare the transcriptomes of a large cohort of fully grown germinal vesicle stage (GV) and in vitro matured (IVM‐MII) oocytes from women of varying reproductive age. First, we identified two clusters of cells reflecting the oocyte maturation stage (GV and IVM‐MII) with 4445 and 324 putative marker genes, respectively. Furthermore, we identified genes for which transcript representation either progressively increased or decreased with age. Our results indicate that the transcriptome is more affected by age in IVM‐MII oocytes (1219 genes) than in GV oocytes (596 genes). In particular, we found that transcripts of genes involved in chromosome segregation and RNA splicing significantly increased representation with age, while genes related to mitochondrial activity showed a lower representation. Gene regulatory network analysis facilitated the identification of potential upstream master regulators of the genes involved in those biological functions. Our analysis suggests that advanced maternal age does not globally affect the oocyte transcriptome at GV or IVM‐MII stages. Nonetheless, hundreds of genes displayed altered transcript representation, particularly in IVM‐MII oocytes, which might contribute to the age‐related quality decline in human oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Llonch
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Paula Nieto
- CNAG‐CRG Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
| | - Anna Mallol
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
| | - Marc Elosua‐Bayes
- CNAG‐CRG Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
| | - Patricia Lorden
- CNAG‐CRG Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
| | - Sara Ruiz
- CNAG‐CRG Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Holger Heyn
- CNAG‐CRG Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Bernhard Payer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain
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30
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Huang R, Sui L, Fu C, Zhai Y, Dai X, Zhang S, Li Z. HDAC11 inhibition disrupts porcine oocyte meiosis via regulating α-tubulin acetylation and histone modifications. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8849-8864. [PMID: 33742608 PMCID: PMC8034937 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HDAC11, the sole member of HDAC class IV family, plays vital roles in activating mitosis and apoptosis of tumor cells, but its functions in meiosis are rarely investigated. In the present study, the effect of HDAC11 on meiosis during porcine oocytes maturation was fully studied. The results showed that HDAC11 inhibition by its specific inhibitor JB-3-22 dramatically decreased the porcine oocyte maturation rate by disturbing spindle organization and chromosomes alignment without affecting the cytoplasmic maturation. Further study indicated that HDAC11 inhibition significantly elevated the acetylation levels of α-tubulin and H4K16, which are crucial for spindle organization and chromosomes alignment. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining results showed that HDAC11 inhibition also disturbed other meiosis-related histone modifications, such as increased H3S10pho, H4K5ac and H4K12ac levels and reduced H3T3pho level. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis results indicated that HDAC11 inhibition disturbed porcine oocytes transcriptome (157 up-regulation, 106 down-regulation). In addition, HDAC11 inhibition compromised oocytes quality and subsequent development after parthenogenetic activation, which may be caused by the aberrant nuclear maturation and transcriptome expression profile during oocytes maturation. Therefore, our results elucidate the function of HDAC11 in porcine oocytes maturation and embryos development through regulating α-tubulin acetylation, meiosis-related histone modifications and transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Liyan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yanhui Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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31
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Wang D, Sun H, Zhang J, Huang Z, Li C, Han L, Xin Y, Tang S, Ge J, Wang Q. FKBP25 Regulates Meiotic Apparatus During Mouse Oocyte Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625805. [PMID: 33553183 PMCID: PMC7859338 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FK506 binding proteins 25 (FKBP25) has been shown to function in ribosome biogenesis, chromatin organization, and microtubule stability in mitosis. However, the role of FKBP25 in oocyte maturation has not been investigated. Here, we report that oocytes with FKBP25 depletion display abnormal spindle assembly and chromosomes alignment, with defective kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Consistent with this finding, aneuploidy incidence is also elevated in oocytes depleted of FKBP25. Importantly, FKBP25 protein level in old oocytes is significantly reduced, and ectopic expression of FKBP25 could partly rescue the aging-associated meiotic defects. In addition, by employing site-specific mutagenesis, we identify that serine 163 is a major, if not unique, phosphorylation site modulating the action of FKBP25 on meiotic maturation. In summary, our data indicate that FKBP25 is a pivotal factor for determining oocyte quality, and may mediate the effects of maternal aging on female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Congyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoubin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Aneuploidy in human eggs: contributions of the meiotic spindle. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:107-118. [PMID: 33449109 PMCID: PMC7925012 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human eggs frequently contain an incorrect number of chromosomes, a condition termed aneuploidy. Aneuploidy affects ∼10-25% of eggs in women in their early 30s, and more than 50% of eggs from women over 40. Most aneuploid eggs cannot develop to term upon fertilization, making aneuploidy in eggs a leading cause of miscarriages and infertility. The cellular origins of aneuploidy in human eggs are incompletely understood. Aneuploidy arises from chromosome segregation errors during the two meiotic divisions of the oocyte, the progenitor cell of the egg. Chromosome segregation is driven by a microtubule spindle, which captures and separates the paired chromosomes during meiosis I, and sister chromatids during meiosis II. Recent studies reveal that defects in the organization of the acentrosomal meiotic spindle contribute to human egg aneuploidy. The microtubules of the human oocyte spindle are very frequently incorrectly attached to meiotic kinetochores, the multi-protein complexes on chromosomes to which microtubules bind. Multiple features of human oocyte spindles favour incorrect attachments. These include spindle instability and many age-related changes in chromosome and kinetochore architecture. Here, we review how the unusual spindle assembly mechanism in human oocytes contributes to the remarkably high levels of aneuploidy in young human eggs, and how age-related changes in chromosome and kinetochore architecture cause aneuploidy levels to rise even higher as women approach their forties.
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33
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Ma JY, Li S, Chen LN, Schatten H, Ou XH, Sun QY. Why is oocyte aneuploidy increased with maternal aging? J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:659-671. [PMID: 33184002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the main causes of pregnancy failure and fetus abortion is oocyte aneuploidy, which is increased with maternal aging. Numerous possible causes of oocyte aneuploidy in aged women have been proposed, including cross-over formation defect, cohesin loss, spindle deformation, spindle assembly checkpoint malfunction, microtubule-kinetochore attachment failure, kinetochore mis-orientation, mitochondria dysfunction-induced increases in reactive oxygen species, protein over-acetylation, and DNA damage. However, it still needs to be answered if these aneuploidization factors have inherent relations, and how to prevent chromosome aneuploidy in aged oocytes. Epidemiologically, oocyte aneuploidy has been found to be weakly associated with higher homocysteine concentrations, obesity, ionizing radiation and even seasonality. In this review, we summarize the research progress and present an integrated view of oocyte aneuploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Ma
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Sen Li
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Lei-Ning Chen
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Liu Y, Li X, He Y, Wang H, Gao M, Han L, Qiu D, Ling L, Liu H, Gu L. ASB7 Is a Novel Regulator of Cytoskeletal Organization During Oocyte Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:595917. [PMID: 33251222 PMCID: PMC7674779 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box (ASB) family members have a C-terminal SOCS box and an N-terminal ankyrin-related sequence of variable repeats. To date, the roles of ASB family members remain largely unknown. In the present study, by employing knockdown analysis, we investigated the effects of ASB7 on mouse oocyte meiosis. We show that specific depletion of ASB7 disrupts maturational progression and meiotic apparatus. In particular, abnormal spindle, misaligned chromosomes, and loss of cortical actin cap are frequently observed in ASB7-abated oocytes. Consistent with this observation, incidence of aneuploidy is increased in these oocytes. Meanwhile, confocal scanning reveals that loss of ASB7 impairs kinetochore–microtubule interaction and provokes the spindle assembly checkpoint during oocyte meiosis. Furthermore, we find a significant reduction of ASB7 protein in oocytes from aged mice. Importantly, increasing ASB7 expression is capable of partially rescuing the maternal age-induced meiotic defects in oocytes. Together, our data identify ASB7 as a novel player in regulating cytoskeletal organization and discover the potential effects of ASB7 on quality control of aging oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Jinling Hospital Department Reproductive Medical Center, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfu He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danhong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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35
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Llano E, Masek T, Gahurova L, Pospisek M, Koncicka M, Jindrova A, Jansova D, Iyyappan R, Roucova K, Bruce AW, Kubelka M, Susor A. Age-related differences in the translational landscape of mammalian oocytes. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13231. [PMID: 32951297 PMCID: PMC7576272 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing maternal age in mammals is associated with poorer oocyte quality, involving higher aneuploidy rates and decreased developmental competence. Prior to resumption of meiosis, fully developed mammalian oocytes become transcriptionally silent until the onset of zygotic genome activation. Therefore, meiotic progression and early embryogenesis are driven largely by translational utilization of previously synthesized mRNAs. We report that genome‐wide translatome profiling reveals considerable numbers of transcripts that are differentially translated in oocytes obtained from aged compared to young females. Additionally, we show that a number of aberrantly translated mRNAs in oocytes from aged females are associated with cell cycle. Indeed, we demonstrate that four specific maternal age‐related transcripts (Sgk1, Castor1, Aire and Eg5) with differential translation rates encode factors that are associated with the newly forming meiotic spindle. Moreover, we report substantial defects in chromosome alignment and cytokinesis in the oocytes of young females, in which candidate CASTOR1 and SGK1 protein levels or activity are experimentally altered. Our findings indicate that improper translation of specific proteins at the onset of meiosis contributes to increased chromosome segregation problems associated with female ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Llano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS Libechov Czech Republic
- Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry Department of Genetics and Microbiology Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Masek
- Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry Department of Genetics and Microbiology Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Gahurova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS Libechov Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology (LEMDB) Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pospisek
- Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry Department of Genetics and Microbiology Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Koncicka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS Libechov Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jindrova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS Libechov Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Jansova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS Libechov Czech Republic
| | - Rajan Iyyappan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS Libechov Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Roucova
- Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry Department of Genetics and Microbiology Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Alexander W. Bruce
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology (LEMDB) Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kubelka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS Libechov Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Susor
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS Libechov Czech Republic
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36
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Mogessie B. Advances and surprises in a decade of oocyte meiosis research. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:263-275. [PMID: 32538429 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Eggs are produced from progenitor oocytes through meiotic cell division. Fidelity of meiosis is critical for healthy embryogenesis - fertilisation of aneuploid eggs that contain the wrong number of chromosomes is a leading cause of genetic disorders including Down's syndrome, human embryo deaths and infertility. Incidence of meiosis-related oocyte and egg aneuploidies increases dramatically with advancing maternal age, which further complicates the 'meiosis problem'. We have just emerged from a decade of meiosis research that was packed with exciting and transformative research. This minireview will focus primarily on studies of mechanisms that directly influence chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyam Mogessie
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
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37
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Al-Zubaidi U, Liu J, Cinar O, Robker RL, Adhikari D, Carroll J. The spatio-temporal dynamics of mitochondrial membrane potential during oocyte maturation. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:695-705. [PMID: 31579926 PMCID: PMC6884418 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and their distribution, structure and activity affect a wide range of cellular functions. Mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) is an indicator of mitochondrial activity and plays a major role in ATP production, redox balance, signaling and metabolism. Despite the absolute reliance of oocyte and early embryo development on mitochondrial function, there is little known about the spatial and temporal aspects of ΔΨm during oocyte maturation. The one exception is that previous findings using a ΔΨm indicator, JC-1, report that mitochondria in the cortex show a preferentially increased ΔΨm, relative to the rest of the cytoplasm. Using live-cell imaging and a new ratiometric approach for measuring ΔΨm in mouse oocytes, we find that ΔΨm increases through the time course of oocyte maturation and that mitochondria in the vicinity of the first meiotic spindle show an increase in ΔΨm, compared to other regions of the cytoplasm. We find no evidence for an elevated ΔΨm in the oocyte cortex. These findings suggest that mitochondrial activity is adaptive and responsive to the events of oocyte maturation at both a global and local level. In conclusion, we have provided a new approach to reliably measure ΔΨm that has shed new light onto the spatio-temporal regulation of mitochondrial function in oocytes and early embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Al-Zubaidi
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Applied Embryology Department, High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, AL-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Jun Liu
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ozgur Cinar
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rebecca L Robker
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Deepak Adhikari
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Carroll
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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38
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Macaulay AD, Allais A, FitzHarris G. Chromosome dynamics and spindle microtubule establishment in mouse embryos. FASEB J 2020; 34:8057-8067. [PMID: 32329130 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902947r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation errors in mammalian embryos are common and jeopardize embryo health. Here, we perform for the first time 4-Dimensional imaging and tracking of chromosomes and centromeres through each preimplantation mitotic cell division in mouse embryos to define the normal dynamics of chromosome segregation. We show that a microtubule (MT)-dependent inward movement of chromosomes occurs at the time of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), particularly in the earliest cell divisions, to position chromosomes prior to spindle assembly. Establishment of a rudimentary metaphase plate occurs immediately after NEBD, and is followed by a progressive alignment and biorientation of mitotic chromosomes. Stable end-on kinetochore-MT attachments form rapidly and attachment errors are uncommon. Altogether our data describe a rapid and efficient spindle assembly pathway that apparently minimizes the need for canonical MT attachment error correction in normally dividing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus D Macaulay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adélaïde Allais
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Greg FitzHarris
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of OBGYN, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Rémillard-Labrosse G, Dean NL, Allais A, Mihajlović AI, Jin SG, Son WY, Chung JT, Pansera M, Henderson S, Mahfoudh A, Steiner N, Agapitou K, Marangos P, Buckett W, Ligeti-Ruiter J, FitzHarris G. Human oocytes harboring damaged DNA can complete meiosis I. Fertil Steril 2020; 113:1080-1089.e2. [PMID: 32276763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether human oocytes possess a checkpoint to prevent completion of meiosis I when DNA is damaged. DESIGN DNA damage is considered a major threat to the establishment of healthy eggs and embryos. Recent studies found that mouse oocytes with damaged DNA can resume meiosis and undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), but then arrest in metaphase of meiosis I in a process involving spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. Such a mechanism could help prevent the generation of metaphase II (MII) eggs with damaged DNA. Here, we compared the impact of DNA-damaging agents with nondamaged control samples in mouse and human oocytes. SETTING University-affiliated clinic and research center. PATIENT(S) Patients undergoing ICSI cycles donated GV-stage oocytes after informed consent; 149 human oocytes were collected over 2 years (from 50 patients aged 27-44 years). INTERVENTIONS(S) Mice and human oocytes were treated with DNA-damaging drugs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Oocytes were monitored to evaluate GVBD and polar body extrusion (PBE), in addition to DNA damage assessment with the use of γH2AX antibodies and confocal microscopy. RESULT(S) Whereas DNA damage in mouse oocytes delays or prevents oocyte maturation, most human oocytes harboring experimentally induced DNA damage progress through meiosis I and subsequently form an MII egg, revealing the absence of a DNA damage-induced SAC response. Analysis of the resulting MII eggs revealed damaged DNA and chaotic spindle apparatus, despite the oocyte appearing morphologically normal. CONCLUSION(S) Our data indicate that experimentally induced DNA damage does not prevent PBE in human oocytes and can persist in morphologically normal looking MII eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola L Dean
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adélaïde Allais
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aleksandar I Mihajlović
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Département d'Obstétrique-Gynécologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shao Guang Jin
- Reproductive Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Weon-Young Son
- Reproductive Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jin-Tae Chung
- Reproductive Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melissa Pansera
- Reproductive Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Henderson
- Reproductive Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alina Mahfoudh
- Reproductive Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naama Steiner
- Reproductive Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristy Agapitou
- Department of Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Institute of Life Fertility Unit, IASO Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Marangos
- Department of Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - William Buckett
- Reproductive Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacob Ligeti-Ruiter
- Reproductive Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Greg FitzHarris
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Département d'Obstétrique-Gynécologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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40
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Laisk T, Tšuiko O, Jatsenko T, Hõrak P, Otala M, Lahdenperä M, Lummaa V, Tuuri T, Salumets A, Tapanainen JS. Demographic and evolutionary trends in ovarian function and aging. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:34-50. [PMID: 30346539 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human female reproductive lifespan is regulated by the dynamics of ovarian function, which in turn is influenced by several factors: from the basic molecular biological mechanisms governing folliculogenesis, to environmental and lifestyle factors affecting the ovarian reserve between conception and menopause. From a broader point of view, global and regional demographic trends play an additional important role in shaping the female reproductive lifespan, and finally, influences on an evolutionary scale have led to the reproductive senescence that precedes somatic senescence in humans. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The narrative review covers reproductive medicine, by integrating the molecular mechanisms of ovarian function and aging with short-term demographic and long-term evolutionary trends. SEARCH METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar searches were performed with relevant keywords (menopause, folliculogenesis, reproductive aging, reproductive lifespan and life history theory). The reviewed articles and their references were restricted to those written in English. OUTCOMES We discuss and summarize the rapidly accumulating information from large-scale population-based and single-reproductive-cell genomic studies, their constraints and advantages in the context of female reproductive aging as well as their possible evolutionary significance on the life history trajectory from foetal-stage folliculogenesis until cessation of ovarian function in menopause. The relevant environmental and lifestyle factors and demographic trends are also discussed in the framework of predominant evolutionary hypotheses explaining the origin and maintenance of menopause. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The high speed at which new data are generated has so far raised more questions than it has provided solid answers and has been paralleled by a lack of satisfactory interpretations of the findings in the context of human life history theory. Therefore, the recent flood of data could offer an unprecedented tool for future research to possibly confirm or rewrite human evolutionary reproductive history, at the same time providing novel grounds for patient counselling and family planning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Laisk
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olga Tšuiko
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tatjana Jatsenko
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peeter Hõrak
- Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marjut Otala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirkka Lahdenperä
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Turku, Finland
| | - Virpi Lummaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Tuuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, OYS Oulu, Finland
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41
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Mammalian oogenesis and female reproductive aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 10:162-163. [PMID: 29410392 PMCID: PMC5842846 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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42
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Sui L, Zhang S, Huang R, Li Z. HDAC11 promotes meiotic apparatus assembly during mouse oocyte maturation via decreasing H4K16 and α-tubulin acetylation. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:354-362. [PMID: 31910069 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1711315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The smallest histone deacetylase (HDAC) and the solely member of class IV, HDAC11, is reported to regulate mitosis process and tumorigenesis, yet its roles in meiosis process remain unknown. In the present study, we first analyzed the expression of HDAC11 in mouse oocytes. HDAC11 showed gradual lower expression from GV (Germinal Vesicle) to MII (Metaphase II) stage oocytes. Then, the specific inhibitor of HDAC11, JB3-22 was used to explore the role of HDAC11 during mouse oocytes maturation. We found that inhibition of HDAC11 significantly interrupted mouse oocytes meiosis progress, caused abnormal spindle organization and misaligned chromosomes, impaired kinetochore-microtubule attachment and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) function. Moreover, HDAC11 inhibition significantly increased the acetylation level of α-tubulin that is associated with microtubule stability, and increased acetylation level of H4K16 that is important for kinetochore function. In conclusion, our study indicates that HDAC11 is an essential factor for oocytes maturation and it promotes meiotic process most likely though decreasing acetylation status of α-tubulin and H4K16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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43
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Visualization and Functional Analysis of Spindle Actin and Chromosome Segregation in Mammalian Oocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2101:267-295. [PMID: 31879910 PMCID: PMC9703194 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0219-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation is conserved throughout eukaryotes. In most systems, it is solely driven by a spindle machinery that is assembled from microtubules. We have recently discovered that actin filaments that are embedded inside meiotic spindles (spindle actin) are needed for accurate chromosome segregation in mammalian oocytes. To understand the function of spindle actin in oocyte meiosis, we have developed high-resolution and super-resolution live and immunofluorescence microscopy assays that are described in this chapter.
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44
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He Y, Li X, Gao M, Liu H, Gu L. Loss of HDAC3 contributes to meiotic defects in aged oocytes. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13036. [PMID: 31498540 PMCID: PMC6826132 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal age‐related decline in oocyte quality is associated with meiotic defects, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been shown to govern multiple cellular events via deacetylating diverse substrates. We previously found that HDAC3 could promote meiotic apparatus assembly in mouse oocytes. In the present study, we identified a substantial reduction in HDAC3 protein in oocytes from old mice. Importantly, overexpression of HDAC3 in old oocytes not only partially prevents spindle/chromosome disorganization, but also significantly lowers the incidence of aneuploidy. Meanwhile, we noticed the elevated acetylation level of α‐tubulin in oocytes derived from old mice. By employing site‐directed mutagenesis, we showed that acetylation‐mimetic mutant tubulin‐K40Q disrupts the kinetochore–microtubule attachments and results in the assembly failure of meiotic apparatus in mouse oocytes. Importantly, forced expression of tubulin‐K40R (nonacetylatable‐mimetic mutant) was capable of alleviating the defective phenotypes of oocytes from aged mice. To sum up, this study uncovers that loss of HDAC3 represents one potential mechanism mediating the effects of advanced maternal age on oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu He
- College of Animal Science & Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Animal Science & Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Ling Gu
- College of Animal Science & Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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45
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Pospisilova V, Esner M, Cervenkova I, Fedr R, Tinevez JY, Hampl A, Anger M. The frequency and consequences of multipolar mitoses in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. J Appl Biomed 2019; 17:209-217. [PMID: 34907719 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2019.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells widely used in cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, the broader clinical applications of ES cells are limited by their genomic instability and karyotypic abnormalities. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying ES cell karyotypic abnormalities is critical to optimizing their clinical use. In this study, we focused on proliferating human and mouse ES cells undergoing multipolar divisions. Specifically, we analyzed the frequency and outcomes of such divisions using a combination of time-lapse microscopy and cell tracking. This revealed that cells resulting from multipolar divisions were not only viable, but they also frequently underwent subsequent cell divisions. Our novel data also showed that in human and mouse ES cells, multipolar spindles allowed more robust escape from chromosome segregation control mechanisms than bipolar spindles. Considering the frequency of multipolar divisions in proliferating ES cells, it is conceivable that cell division errors underlie ES cell karyotypic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pospisilova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Esner
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Masaryk University, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Cervenkova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ales Hampl
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic.,St. Anne's University Hospital, International Clinical Research Center, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Anger
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Masaryk University, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Brno, Czech Republic
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46
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Greenblatt EJ, Obniski R, Mical C, Spradling AC. Prolonged ovarian storage of mature Drosophila oocytes dramatically increases meiotic spindle instability. eLife 2019; 8:49455. [PMID: 31755866 PMCID: PMC6905857 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oocytes frequently generate aneuploid embryos that subsequently miscarry. In contrast, Drosophila oocytes from outbred laboratory stocks develop fully regardless of maternal age. Since mature Drosophila oocytes are not extensively stored in the ovary under laboratory conditions like they are in the wild, we developed a system to investigate how storage affects oocyte quality. The developmental capacity of stored mature Drosophila oocytes decays in a precise manner over 14 days at 25°C. These oocytes are transcriptionally inactive and persist using ongoing translation of stored mRNAs. Ribosome profiling revealed a progressive 2.3-fold decline in average translational efficiency during storage that correlates with oocyte functional decay. Although normal bipolar meiotic spindles predominate during the first week, oocytes stored for longer periods increasingly show tripolar, monopolar and other spindle defects, and give rise to embryos that fail to develop due to aneuploidy. Thus, meiotic chromosome segregation in mature Drosophila oocytes is uniquely sensitive to prolonged storage. Our work suggests the chromosome instability of human embryos could be mitigated by reducing the period of time mature human oocytes are stored in the ovary prior to ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Greenblatt
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
| | - Rebecca Obniski
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
| | - Claire Mical
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
| | - Allan C Spradling
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
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47
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Zielinska AP, Bellou E, Sharma N, Frombach AS, Seres KB, Gruhn JR, Blayney M, Eckel H, Moltrecht R, Elder K, Hoffmann ER, Schuh M. Meiotic Kinetochores Fragment into Multiple Lobes upon Cohesin Loss in Aging Eggs. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3749-3765.e7. [PMID: 31679939 PMCID: PMC6868511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation errors during female meiosis are a leading cause of pregnancy loss and human infertility. The segregation of chromosomes is driven by interactions between spindle microtubules and kinetochores. Kinetochores in mammalian oocytes are subjected to special challenges: they need to withstand microtubule pulling forces over multiple hours and are built on centromeric chromatin that in humans is decades old. In meiosis I, sister kinetochores are paired and oriented toward the same spindle pole. It is well established that they progressively separate from each other with advancing female age. However, whether aging also affects the internal architecture of centromeres and kinetochores is currently unclear. Here, we used super-resolution microscopy to study meiotic centromere and kinetochore organization in metaphase-II-arrested eggs from three mammalian species, including humans. We found that centromeric chromatin decompacts with advancing maternal age. Kinetochores built on decompacted centromeres frequently lost their integrity and fragmented into multiple lobes. Fragmentation extended across inner and outer kinetochore regions and affected over 30% of metaphase-II-arrested (MII) kinetochores in aged women and mice, making the lobular architecture a prominent feature of the female meiotic kinetochore. We demonstrate that a partial cohesin loss, as is known to occur in oocytes with advancing maternal age, is sufficient to trigger centromere decompaction and kinetochore fragmentation. Microtubule pulling forces further enhanced the fragmentation and shaped the arrangement of kinetochore lobes. Fragmented kinetochores were frequently abnormally attached to spindle microtubules, suggesting that kinetochore fragmentation could contribute to the maternal age effect in mammalian eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata P Zielinska
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Eirini Bellou
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ninadini Sharma
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Frombach
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - K Bianka Seres
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Bourn Hall Clinic, High Street, Cambridge CB23 2TN, UK
| | - Jennifer R Gruhn
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Heike Eckel
- Kinderwunschzentrum, Kasseler Landstraße 25A, Göttingen 37081, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Moltrecht
- Kinderwunschzentrum, Kasseler Landstraße 25A, Göttingen 37081, Germany
| | - Kay Elder
- Bourn Hall Clinic, High Street, Cambridge CB23 2TN, UK
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Melina Schuh
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
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48
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Abstract
Chromosome segregation errors in human oocytes lead to aneuploid embryos that cause infertility and birth defects. Here we provide an overview of the chromosome-segregation process in the mammalian oocyte, highlighting mechanistic differences between oocytes and somatic cells that render oocytes so prone to segregation error. These differences include the extremely large size of the oocyte cytoplasm, the unique geometry of meiosis-I chromosomes, idiosyncratic function of the spindle assembly checkpoint, and dramatically altered oocyte cell-cycle control and spindle assembly, as compared to typical somatic cells. We summarise recent work suggesting that aging leads to a further deterioration in fidelity of chromosome segregation by impacting multiple components of the chromosome-segregation machinery. In addition, we compare and contrast recent results from mouse and human oocytes, which exhibit overlapping defects to differing extents. We conclude that the striking propensity of the oocyte to mis-segregate chromosomes reflects the unique challenges faced by the spindle in a highly unusual cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar I Mihajlović
- Centre Recherche CHUM and Department OBGYN, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Greg FitzHarris
- Centre Recherche CHUM and Department OBGYN, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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49
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Roeles J, Tsiavaliaris G. Actin-microtubule interplay coordinates spindle assembly in human oocytes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4651. [PMID: 31604948 PMCID: PMC6789129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes assemble a bipolar acentriolar microtubule spindle to segregate chromosomes during asymmetric division. There is increasing evidence that actin in the spindle interior not only participates in spindle migration and positioning but also protects oocytes from chromosome segregation errors leading to aneuploidy. Here we show that actin is an integral component of the meiotic machinery that closely interacts with microtubules during all major events of human oocyte maturation from the time point of spindle assembly till polar body extrusion and metaphase arrest. With the aid of drugs selectively affecting cytoskeleton dynamics and transiently disturbing the integrity of the two cytoskeleton systems, we identify interdependent structural rearrangements indicative of a close communication between actin and microtubules as fundamental feature of human oocytes. Our data support a model of actin-microtubule interplay that is essential for bipolar spindle assembly and correct partitioning of the nuclear genome in human oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Roeles
- Cellular Biophysics, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georgios Tsiavaliaris
- Cellular Biophysics, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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50
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Dipali SS, Ferreira CR, Zhou LT, Pritchard MT, Duncan FE. Histologic analysis and lipid profiling reveal reproductive age-associated changes in peri-ovarian adipose tissue. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:46. [PMID: 31189477 PMCID: PMC6563378 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive aging is a robust phenotype that occurs in all females and is characterized by a significant reduction in gamete quantity and quality, which can have negative consequences on both endocrine function and fertility. Age-associated differences in the oocyte, follicle, and ovary have been well-documented, but how the broader environment changes with age is less well understood. Fat is one of the largest organs in the body, and peri-gonadal adipose tissue surrounds the rodent ovary and comprises a local ovarian environment. The goal of this study was to characterize how peri-ovarian adipose tissue changes with advanced reproductive age. METHODS We isolated peri-gonadal adipose tissue from two cohorts of CB6F1 mice: reproductively young (6-12 weeks) and reproductively old (14-17 months). A comparative histological analysis was performed to evaluate adipocyte architecture. We then extracted lipids from the tissue and performed multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-profiling, a mass spectrometry-based method of metabolite profiling, to compare the lipid profiles of peri-gonadal adipose tissue in these age cohorts. RESULTS We found that advanced reproductive age was associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and a corresponding decrease in the number of adipocytes per area. Of the 10 lipid classes examined, triacylglycerols (TAGs) had significantly different profiles between young and old cohorts, despite quantitative analysis revealing a decrease in the total amount of TAGs per weight of peri-gonadal adipose tissue with age. CONCLUSIONS These findings pinpoint age-associated physiological changes in peri-gonadal adipose tissue with respect to adipocyte morphology and lipid profiles and lay the foundation for future studies to examine how these alterations may influence both adipocyte and ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta S Dipali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Lurie 7-117, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Christina R Ferreira
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Luhan T Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Lurie 7-117, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michele T Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Francesca E Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Lurie 7-117, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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