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Kreis NN, Moon HH, Wordeman L, Louwen F, Solbach C, Yuan J, Ritter A. KIF2C/ MCAK a prognostic biomarker and its oncogenic potential in malignant progression, and prognosis of cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis as biomarker. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-31. [PMID: 38344808 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2309933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
KIF2C/MCAK (KIF2C) is the most well-characterized member of the kinesin-13 family, which is critical in the regulation of microtubule (MT) dynamics during mitosis, as well as interphase. This systematic review briefly describes the important structural elements of KIF2C, its regulation by multiple molecular mechanisms, and its broad cellular functions. Furthermore, it systematically summarizes its oncogenic potential in malignant progression and performs a meta-analysis of its prognostic value in cancer patients. KIF2C was shown to be involved in multiple crucial cellular processes including cell migration and invasion, DNA repair, senescence induction and immune modulation, which are all known to be critical during the development of malignant tumors. Indeed, an increasing number of publications indicate that KIF2C is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancer entities. Consequently, we have highlighted its involvement in at least five hallmarks of cancer, namely: genome instability, resisting cell death, activating invasion and metastasis, avoiding immune destruction and cellular senescence. This was followed by a systematic search of KIF2C/MCAK's expression in various malignant tumor entities and its correlation with clinicopathologic features. Available data were pooled into multiple weighted meta-analyses for the correlation between KIF2Chigh protein or gene expression and the overall survival in breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Furthermore, high expression of KIF2C was correlated to disease-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. All meta-analyses showed poor prognosis for cancer patients with KIF2Chigh expression, associated with a decreased overall survival and reduced disease-free survival, indicating KIF2C's oncogenic potential in malignant progression and as a prognostic marker. This work delineated the promising research perspective of KIF2C with modern in vivo and in vitro technologies to further decipher the function of KIF2C in malignant tumor development and progression. This might help to establish KIF2C as a biomarker for the diagnosis or evaluation of at least three cancer entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ha Hyung Moon
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Linda Wordeman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frank Louwen
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Ritter
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Fu G, Yan S, Khoo CJ, Chao VC, Liu Z, Mukhi M, Hervas R, Li XD, Ti SC. Integrated regulation of tubulin tyrosination and microtubule stability by human α-tubulin isotypes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112653. [PMID: 37379209 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin isotypes are critical for the functions of cellular microtubules, which exhibit different stability and harbor various post-translational modifications. However, how tubulin isotypes determine the activities of regulators for microtubule stability and modifications remains unknown. Here, we show that human α4A-tubulin, a conserved genetically detyrosinated α-tubulin isotype, is a poor substrate for enzymatic tyrosination. To examine the stability of microtubules reconstituted with defined tubulin compositions, we develop a strategy to site-specifically label recombinant human tubulin for single-molecule TIRF microscopy-based in vitro assays. The incorporation of α4A-tubulin into the microtubule lattice stabilizes the polymers from passive and MCAK-stimulated depolymerization. Further characterization reveals that the compositions of α-tubulin isotypes and tyrosination/detyrosination states allow graded control for the microtubule binding and the depolymerization activities of MCAK. Together, our results uncover the tubulin isotype-dependent enzyme activity for an integrated regulation of α-tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination states and microtubule stability, two well-correlated features of cellular microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Fu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shan Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Jing Khoo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Victor C Chao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mayur Mukhi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rubén Hervas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang David Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shih-Chieh Ti
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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3
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Belsham HR, Alghamdi HM, Dave N, Rathbone AJ, Wickstead B, Friel CT. A synthetic ancestral kinesin-13 depolymerizes microtubules faster than any natural depolymerizing kinesin. Open Biol 2022; 12:220133. [PMID: 36043268 PMCID: PMC9428548 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of a kinesin is largely determined by the approximately 350 residue motor domain, and this region alone is sufficient to classify a kinesin as a member of a particular family. The kinesin-13 family are a group of microtubule depolymerizing kinesins and are vital regulators of microtubule length. Kinesin-13s are critical to spindle assembly and chromosome segregation in both mitotic and meiotic cell division and play crucial roles in cilium length control and neuronal development. To better understand the evolution of microtubule depolymerization activity, we created a synthetic ancestral kinesin-13 motor domain. This phylogenetically inferred ancestral motor domain is the sequence predicted to have existed in the common ancestor of the kinesin-13 family. Here we show that the ancestral kinesin-13 motor depolymerizes stabilized microtubules faster than any previously tested depolymerase. This potent activity is more than an order of magnitude faster than the most highly studied kinesin-13, MCAK and allows the ancestral kinesin-13 to depolymerize doubly stabilized microtubules and cause internal breaks within microtubules. These data suggest that the ancestor of the kinesin-13 family was a 'super depolymerizer' and that members of the kinesin-13 family have evolved away from this extreme depolymerizing activity to provide more controlled microtubule depolymerization activity in extant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Belsham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hanan M Alghamdi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikita Dave
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alexandra J Rathbone
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Bill Wickstead
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Claire T Friel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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4
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Moon HH, Kreis NN, Friemel A, Roth S, Schulte D, Solbach C, Louwen F, Yuan J, Ritter A. Mitotic Centromere-Associated Kinesin ( MCAK/KIF2C) Regulates Cell Migration and Invasion by Modulating Microtubule Dynamics and Focal Adhesion Turnover. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5673. [PMID: 34830827 PMCID: PMC8616312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is crucial for cell motility and migration by regulating multiple cellular activities such as transport and endocytosis of key components of focal adhesions (FA). The kinesin-13 family is important in the regulation of MT dynamics and the best characterized member of this family is the mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK/KIF2C). Interestingly, its overexpression has been reported to be related to increased metastasis in various tumor entities. Moreover, MCAK is involved in the migration and invasion behavior of various cell types. However, the precise molecular mechanisms were not completely clarified. To address these issues, we generated CRISPR/dCas9 HeLa and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell lines overexpressing or downregulating MCAK. Both up- or downregulation of MCAK led to reduced cell motility and poor migration in malignant as well as benign cells. Specifically, it's up- or downregulation impaired FA protein composition and phosphorylation status, interfered with a proper spindle and chromosome segregation, disturbed the assembly and disassembly rate of FA, delayed cell adhesion, and compromised the plus-tip dynamics of MTs. In conclusion, our data suggest MCAK act as an important regulator for cell motility and migration by affecting the actin-MT cytoskeleton dynamics and the FA turnover, providing molecular mechanisms by which deregulated MCAK could promote malignant progression and metastasis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Hyung Moon
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (H.H.M.); (N.-N.K.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (C.S.); (F.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (H.H.M.); (N.-N.K.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (C.S.); (F.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Alexandra Friemel
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (H.H.M.); (N.-N.K.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (C.S.); (F.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Susanne Roth
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (H.H.M.); (N.-N.K.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (C.S.); (F.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Dorothea Schulte
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Christine Solbach
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (H.H.M.); (N.-N.K.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (C.S.); (F.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Frank Louwen
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (H.H.M.); (N.-N.K.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (C.S.); (F.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Juping Yuan
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (H.H.M.); (N.-N.K.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (C.S.); (F.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Andreas Ritter
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (H.H.M.); (N.-N.K.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (C.S.); (F.L.); (J.Y.)
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5
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Schweiggert J, Habeck G, Hess S, Mikus F, Beloshistov R, Meese K, Hata S, Knobeloch K, Melchior F. SCF Fbxw5 targets kinesin-13 proteins to facilitate ciliogenesis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107735. [PMID: 34368969 PMCID: PMC8441365 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule depolymerases of the kinesin-13 family play important roles in various cellular processes and are frequently overexpressed in different cancer types. Despite the importance of their correct abundance, remarkably little is known about how their levels are regulated in cells. Using comprehensive screening on protein microarrays, we identified 161 candidate substrates of the multi-subunit ubiquitin E3 ligase SCFFbxw5 , including the kinesin-13 member Kif2c/MCAK. In vitro reconstitution assays demonstrate that MCAK and its closely related orthologs Kif2a and Kif2b become efficiently polyubiquitylated by neddylated SCFFbxw5 and Cdc34, without requiring preceding modifications. In cells, SCFFbxw5 targets MCAK for proteasomal degradation predominantly during G2 . While this seems largely dispensable for mitotic progression, loss of Fbxw5 leads to increased MCAK levels at basal bodies and impairs ciliogenesis in the following G1 /G0 , which can be rescued by concomitant knockdown of MCAK, Kif2a or Kif2b. We thus propose a novel regulatory event of ciliogenesis that begins already within the G2 phase of the preceding cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schweiggert
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Gregor Habeck
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Sandra Hess
- Institute of NeuropathologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Felix Mikus
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Roman Beloshistov
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Klaus Meese
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Shoji Hata
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Frauke Melchior
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergDKFZ ‐ ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
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6
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Mihajlović AI, Haverfield J, FitzHarris G. Distinct classes of lagging chromosome underpin age-related oocyte aneuploidy in mouse. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2273-2283.e3. [PMID: 34428397 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation errors that cause oocyte aneuploidy increase in frequency with maternal age and are considered a major contributing factor of age-related fertility decline in females. Lagging anaphase chromosomes are a common age-associated phenomenon in oocytes, but whether anaphase laggards actually missegregate and cause aneuploidy is unclear. Here, we show that lagging chromosomes in mouse oocytes comprise two mechanistically distinct classes of chromosome motion that we refer to as "class-I" and "class-II" laggards. We use imaging approaches and mechanistic interventions to dissociate the two classes and find that whereas class-II laggards are largely benign, class-I laggards frequently directly lead to aneuploidy. Most notably, a controlled prolongation of meiosis I specifically lessens class-I lagging to prevent aneuploidy. Our data thus reveal lagging chromosomes to be a cause of age-related aneuploidy in mouse oocytes and suggest that manipulating the cell cycle could increase the yield of useful oocytes in some contexts.
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7
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Zhu S, Paydar M, Wang F, Li Y, Wang L, Barrette B, Bessho T, Kwok BH, Peng A. Kinesin Kif2C in regulation of DNA double strand break dynamics and repair. eLife 2020; 9:53402. [PMID: 31951198 PMCID: PMC7012618 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) have detrimental effects on cell survival and genomic stability, and are related to cancer and other human diseases. In this study, we identified microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin Kif2C as a protein associated with DSB-mimicking DNA templates and known DSB repair proteins in Xenopus egg extracts and mammalian cells. The recruitment of Kif2C to DNA damage sites was dependent on both PARP and ATM activities. Kif2C knockdown or knockout led to accumulation of endogenous DNA damage, DNA damage hypersensitivity, and reduced DSB repair via both NHEJ and HR. Interestingly, Kif2C depletion, or inhibition of its microtubule depolymerase activity, reduced the mobility of DSBs, impaired the formation of DNA damage foci, and decreased the occurrence of foci fusion and resolution. Taken together, our study established Kif2C as a new player of the DNA damage response, and presented a new mechanism that governs DSB dynamics and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songli Zhu
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
| | - Mohammadjavad Paydar
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
| | - Benoit Barrette
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tadayoshi Bessho
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Aimin Peng
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
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8
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Belsham HR, Friel CT. Identification of key residues that regulate the interaction of kinesins with microtubule ends. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:440-446. [PMID: 31574569 PMCID: PMC6899999 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kinesins are molecular motors that use energy derived from ATP turnover to walk along microtubules, or when at the microtubule end, regulate growth or shrinkage. All kinesins that regulate microtubule dynamics have long residence times at microtubule ends, whereas those that only walk have short end‐residence times. Here, we identify key amino acids involved in end binding by showing that when critical residues from Kinesin‐13, which depolymerises microtubules, are introduced into Kinesin‐1, a walking kinesin with no effect on microtubule dynamics, the end‐residence time is increased up to several‐fold. This indicates that the interface between the kinesin motor domain and the microtubule is malleable and can be tuned to favour either lattice or end binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Belsham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Claire T Friel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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9
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McHugh T, Zou J, Volkov VA, Bertin A, Talapatra SK, Rappsilber J, Dogterom M, Welburn JPI. The depolymerase activity of MCAK shows a graded response to Aurora B kinase phosphorylation through allosteric regulation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.228353. [PMID: 30578316 PMCID: PMC6398471 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-13 motors regulate precise microtubule dynamics and limit microtubule length throughout metazoans by depolymerizing microtubule ends. Recently, the kinesin-13 motor family member MCAK (also known Kif2C) has been proposed to undergo large conformational changes during its catalytic cycle, as it switches from being in solution to being bound to microtubules. Here, we reveal that MCAK has a compact conformation in solution through crosslinking and electron microscopy experiments. When MCAK is bound to the microtubule ends, it adopts an extended conformation with the N-terminus and neck region of MCAK interacting with the microtubule. Interestingly, the region of MCAK that interacts with the microtubule is the region phosphorylated by Aurora B and contains an end binding (EB) protein-binding motif. The level of phosphorylation of the N-terminus results in a graded microtubule depolymerase activity. Here, we show that the N-terminus of MCAK forms a platform to integrate Aurora B kinase downstream signals and in response fine-tunes its depolymerase activity during mitosis. We propose that this allosteric control mechanism allows decoupling of the N-terminus from the motor domain of MCAK to allow MCAK depolymerase activity at kinetochores. Summary: The kinesin-13 MCAK has a compact conformation in solution but is extended when bound to microtubules. Aurora B phosphorylation of MCAK inhibits depolymerase activity by disrupting its extended conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni McHugh
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Juan Zou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Vladimir A Volkov
- Department of Bionanoscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Bertin
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandeep K Talapatra
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.,Chair of Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Marileen Dogterom
- Department of Bionanoscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629, The Netherlands
| | - Julie P I Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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10
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Ogawa T, Saijo S, Shimizu N, Jiang X, Hirokawa N. Mechanism of Catalytic Microtubule Depolymerization via KIF2-Tubulin Transitional Conformation. Cell Rep 2017; 20:2626-38. [PMID: 28903043 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic structures that are fundamental for cell morphogenesis and motility. MT-associated motors work efficiently to perform their functions. Unlike other motile kinesins, KIF2 catalytically depolymerizes MTs from the peeled protofilament end during ATP hydrolysis. However, the detailed mechanism by which KIF2 drives processive MT depolymerization remains unknown. To elucidate the catalytic mechanism, the transitional KIF2-tubulin complex during MT depolymerization was analyzed through multiple methods, including atomic force microscopy, size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and mass spectrometry. The analyses outlined the conformation in which one KIF2core domain binds tightly to two tubulin dimers in the middle pre-hydrolysis state during ATP hydrolysis, a process critical for catalytic MT depolymerization. The X-ray crystallographic structure of the KIF2core domain displays the activated conformation that sustains the large KIF2-tubulin 1:2 complex.
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11
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Parker AL, Teo WS, Pandzic E, Vicente JJ, McCarroll JA, Wordeman L, Kavallaris M. β-tubulin carboxy-terminal tails exhibit isotype-specific effects on microtubule dynamics in human gene-edited cells. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1. [PMID: 30079401 PMCID: PMC6070155 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used human gene-edited cell models and image analysis to reveal that the tubulin C-terminal tails specifically regulate the dynamics of individual microtubules and coordinate microtubule behavior across the cell. Microtubules are highly dynamic structures that play an integral role in fundamental cellular functions. Different α- and β-tubulin isotypes are thought to confer unique dynamic properties to microtubules. The tubulin isotypes have highly conserved structures, differing mainly in their carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) tail sequences. However, little is known about the importance of the C-terminal tail in regulating and coordinating microtubule dynamics. We developed syngeneic human cell models using gene editing to precisely modify the β-tubulin C-terminal tail region while preserving the endogenous microtubule network. Fluorescent microscopy of live cells, coupled with advanced image analysis, revealed that the β-tubulin C-terminal tails differentially coordinate the collective and individual dynamic behavior of microtubules by affecting microtubule growth rates and explorative microtubule assembly in an isotype-specific manner. Furthermore, βI- and βIII-tubulin C-terminal tails differentially regulate the sensitivity of microtubules to tubulin-binding agents and the microtubule depolymerizing protein mitotic centromere-associated kinesin. The sequence of the β-tubulin tail encodes regulatory information that instructs and coordinates microtubule dynamics, thereby fine-tuning microtubule dynamics to support cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Parker
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2031.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Wee Siang Teo
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2031.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Juan Jesus Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195-7290
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2031.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Linda Wordeman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195-7290
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2031.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
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12
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Patel JT, Belsham HR, Rathbone AJ, Wickstead B, Gell C, Friel CT. The family-specific α4-helix of the kinesin-13, MCAK, is critical to microtubule end recognition. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160223. [PMID: 27733589 PMCID: PMC5090061 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesins that influence the dynamics of microtubule growth and shrinkage require the ability to distinguish between the microtubule end and the microtubule lattice. The microtubule depolymerizing kinesin MCAK has been shown to specifically recognize the microtubule end. This ability is key to the action of MCAK in regulating microtubule dynamics. We show that the α4-helix of the motor domain is crucial to microtubule end recognition. Mutation of the residues K524, E525 and R528, which are located in the C-terminal half of the α4-helix, specifically disrupts the ability of MCAK to recognize the microtubule end. Mutation of these residues, which are conserved in the kinesin-13 family and discriminate members of this family from translocating kinesins, impairs the ability of MCAK to discriminate between the microtubule lattice and the microtubule end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Patel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hannah R Belsham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alexandra J Rathbone
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Bill Wickstead
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Christopher Gell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Claire T Friel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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13
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Abstract
The microtubule depolymerising kinesin-13, MCAK, is phosphorylated at residue T537 by Cdk1. This is the only known phosphorylation site within MCAK’s motor domain. To understand the impact of phosphorylation by Cdk1 on microtubule depolymerisation activity, we have investigated the molecular mechanism of the phosphomimic mutant T537E. This mutant significantly impairs microtubule depolymerisation activity and when transfected into cells causes metaphase arrest and misaligned chromosomes. We show that the molecular mechanism underlying the reduced depolymerisation activity of this phosphomimic mutant is an inability to recognise the microtubule end. The microtubule-end residence time is reduced relative to wild-type MCAK, whereas the lattice residence time is unchanged by the phosphomimic mutation. Further, the microtubule-end specific stimulation of ADP dissociation, characteristic of MCAK, is abolished by this mutation. Our data shows that T537E is unable to distinguish between the microtubule end and the microtubule lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Belsham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claire T Friel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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14
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Orr B, Talje L, Liu Z, Kwok BH, Compton DA. Adaptive Resistance to an Inhibitor of Chromosomal Instability in Human Cancer Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 17:1755-63. [PMID: 27829147 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Karyotype diversity is a hallmark of solid tumors that contributes to intratumor heterogeneity. This diversity is generated by persistent chromosome mis-segregation associated with chromosomal instability (CIN). CIN correlates with tumor relapse and is thought to promote drug resistance by creating a vast genomic landscape through which karyotypically unique clones survive lethal drug selection. We explore this proposition using a small molecule (UMK57) that suppresses chromosome mis-segregation in CIN cancer cells by potentiating the activity of the kinesin-13 protein MCAK. Sublethal doses of UMK57 destabilize kinetochore-microtubule (k-MT) attachments during mitosis to increase chromosome segregation fidelity. Surprisingly, chromosome mis-segregation rebounds in UMK57-treated cancer cells within a few days. This rapid relapse is driven by alterations in the Aurora B signaling pathway that hyper-stabilize k-MT attachments and is reversible following UMK57 removal. Thus, cancer cells display adaptive resistance to therapies targeting CIN through rapid and reversible changes to mitotic signaling networks.
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15
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van Heesbeen RGHP, Raaijmakers JA, Tanenbaum ME, Halim VA, Lelieveld D, Lieftink C, Heck AJR, Egan DA, Medema RH. Aurora A, MCAK, and Kif18b promote Eg5-independent spindle formation. Chromosoma 2016; 126:473-486. [PMID: 27354041 PMCID: PMC5509784 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-016-0607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the microtubule (MT) motor protein Eg5 results in a mitotic arrest due to the formation of monopolar spindles, making Eg5 an attractive target for anti-cancer therapies. However, Eg5-independent pathways for bipolar spindle formation exist, which might promote resistance to treatment with Eg5 inhibitors. To identify essential components for Eg5-independent bipolar spindle formation, we performed a genome-wide siRNA screen in Eg5-independent cells (EICs). We find that the kinase Aurora A and two kinesins, MCAK and Kif18b, are essential for bipolar spindle assembly in EICs and in cells with reduced Eg5 activity. Aurora A promotes bipolar spindle assembly by phosphorylating Kif15, hereby promoting Kif15 localization to the spindle. In turn, MCAK and Kif18b promote bipolar spindle assembly by destabilizing the astral MTs. One attractive way to interpret our data is that, in the absence of MCAK and Kif18b, excessive astral MTs generate inward pushing forces on centrosomes at the cortex that inhibit centrosome separation. Together, these data suggest a novel function for astral MTs in force generation on spindle poles and how proteins involved in regulating microtubule length can contribute to bipolar spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonne A Raaijmakers
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marvin E Tanenbaum
- Hubrecht Institute, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincentius A Halim
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Lelieveld
- Cell Screening Core, Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David A Egan
- Cell Screening Core, Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Armond JW, Vladimirou E, Erent M, McAinsh AD, Burroughs NJ. Probing microtubule polymerisation state at single kinetochores during metaphase chromosome motion. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1991-2001. [PMID: 25908867 PMCID: PMC4457160 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.168682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetochores regulate the dynamics of attached microtubule bundles (kinetochore-fibres, K-fibres) to generate the forces necessary for chromosome movements in mitosis. Current models suggest that poleward-moving kinetochores are attached to depolymerising K-fibres and anti-poleward-moving kinetochores to polymerising K-fibres. How the dynamics of individual microtubules within the K-fibre relate to poleward and anti-poleward movements is poorly understood. To investigate this, we developed a live-cell imaging assay combined with computational image analysis that allows eGFP-tagged EB3 (also known as MAPRE3) to be quantified at thousands of individual metaphase kinetochores as they undergo poleward and anti-poleward motion. Surprisingly, we found that K-fibres are incoherent, containing both polymerising and depolymerising microtubules – with a small polymerisation bias for anti-poleward-moving kinetochores. K-fibres also display bursts of EB3 intensity, predominantly on anti-poleward-moving kinetochores, equivalent to more coherent polymerisation, and this was associated with more regular oscillations. The frequency of bursts and the polymerisation bias decreased upon loss of kinesin-13, whereas loss of kinesin-8 elevated polymerisation bias. Thus, kinetochores actively set the balance of microtubule polymerisation dynamics in the K-fibre while remaining largely robust to fluctuations in microtubule polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Armond
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Elina Vladimirou
- Mechanochemical Cell Biology Building, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Muriel Erent
- Mechanochemical Cell Biology Building, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrew D McAinsh
- Mechanochemical Cell Biology Building, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nigel J Burroughs
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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17
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Ritter A, Sanhaji M, Steinhäuser K, Roth S, Louwen F, Yuan J. The activity regulation of the mitotic centromere-associated kinesin by Polo-like kinase 1. Oncotarget 2015; 6:6641-55. [PMID: 25504441 PMCID: PMC4466640 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), a potent microtubule depolymerase, is involved in regulating microtubule dynamics. The activity and subcellular localization of MCAK are tightly regulated by key mitotic kinases, such as Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) by phosphorylating multiple residues in MCAK. Since Plk1 phosphorylates very often different residues of substrates at different stages, we have dissected individual phosphorylation of MCAK by Plk1 and characterized its function in more depth. We have recently shown that S621 in MCAK is the major phosphorylation site of Plk1, which is responsible for regulating MCAK's degradation by promoting the association of MCAK with APC/CCdc20. In the present study, we have addressed another two residues phosphorylated by Plk1, namely S632/S633 in the C-terminus of MCAK. Our data suggest that Plk1 phosphorylates S632/S633 and regulates its catalytic activity in mitosis. This phosphorylation is required for proper spindle assembly during early phases of mitosis. The subsequent dephosphorylation of S632/S633 might be necessary to timely align the chromosomes onto the metaphase plate. Therefore, our studies suggest new mechanisms by which Plk1 regulates MCAK: the degradation of MCAK is controlled by Plk1 phosphorylation on S621, whereas its activity is modulated by Plk1 phosphorylation on S632/S633 in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ritter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Present address: University Hospital Jena, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Experimental Radiology, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinhäuser
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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18
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Xia P, Zhou J, Song X, Wu B, Liu X, Li D, Zhang S, Wang Z, Yu H, Ward T, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Guo Z, Yao X. Aurora A orchestrates entosis by regulating a dynamic MCAK-TIP150 interaction. J Mol Cell Biol 2014; 6:240-54. [PMID: 24847103 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mju016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Entosis, a cell-in-cell process, has been implicated in the formation of aneuploidy associated with an aberrant cell division control. Microtubule plus-end-tracking protein TIP150 facilitates the loading of MCAK onto the microtubule plus ends and orchestrates microtubule plus-end dynamics during cell division. Here we show that TIP150 cooperates with MCAK to govern entosis via a regulatory circuitry that involves Aurora A-mediated phosphorylation of MCAK. Our biochemical analyses show that MCAK forms an intra-molecular association, which is essential for TIP150 binding. Interestingly, Aurora A-mediated phosphorylation of MCAK modulates its intra-molecular association, which perturbs the MCAK-TIP150 interaction in vitro and inhibits entosis in vivo. To probe if MCAK-TIP150 interaction regulates microtubule plasticity to affect the mechanical properties of cells during entosis, we used an optical trap to measure the mechanical rigidity of live MCF7 cells. We find that the MCAK cooperates with TIP150 to promote microtubule dynamics and modulate the mechanical rigidity of the cells during entosis. Our results show that a dynamic interaction of MCAK-TIP150 orchestrated by Aurora A-mediated phosphorylation governs entosis via regulating microtubule plus-end dynamics and cell rigidity. These data reveal a previously unknown mechanism of Aurora A regulation in the control of microtubule plasticity during cell-in-cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China Molecular Imaging Center, Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Di Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhikai Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China Molecular Imaging Center, Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Huijuan Yu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tarsha Ward
- Molecular Imaging Center, Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiancun Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510513, China
| | - Yinmei Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | | | - Yong Chen
- Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China Molecular Imaging Center, Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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19
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Li X, Yao R, Yue L, Qiu W, Qi W, Liu S, Yao Y, Liang J. FOXM1 mediates resistance to docetaxel in gastric cancer via up-regulating Stathmin. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:811-23. [PMID: 24628949 PMCID: PMC4119387 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel is commonly used as an effective chemotherapeutic drug for gastric cancer patients recently. With the increasing emergence of docetaxel resistance nowadays, identification of suitable biomarkers for predicting chemosensitivity to docetaxel may be a key role for improving therapeutic effects for gastric cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the expression of transcription factor forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) and chemotherapy response to docetaxel in gastric cancer, the possible mechanism for which was further explored. As a result, FOXM1 overexpression was shown to mediate resistance to docetaxel in gastric cancers. It altered microtubule dynamics to protect tumour cells from docetaxel-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations revealed that tubulin-destabilizing protein Stathmin, which mediated docetaxel resistance in FOXM1-silenced gastric cancer cells, is a direct down-stream target of FOXM1, whereas another microtubule dynamics protein mitotic centromere–associated kinesin (MCAK), shown to be related to docetaxel resistance in gastric cancer cells, is not associated with FOXM1 expression significantly. These results were further provided by immunohistochemical analysis, indicating that FOXM1 and Stathmin expression levels were correlated in 103 post-operational gastric cancer specimens. Moreover, when we attenuated FOXM1 expression with FOXM1 inhibitor thiostrepton, docetaxel resistance in gastric cancers was found to be reversed, simultaneously with the down-regulation of FOXM1 and Stathmin. Therefore, FOXM1 can be a useful marker for predicting and monitoring docetaxel response. Through the inhibition of FOXM1, docetaxel resistance can be reversed, and thus FOXM1 could be a new therapeutic target in docetaxel-resistant gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Oncology of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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20
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Rattani A, Wolna M, Ploquin M, Helmhart W, Morrone S, Mayer B, Godwin J, Xu W, Stemmann O, Pendas A, Nasmyth K. Sgol2 provides a regulatory platform that coordinates essential cell cycle processes during meiosis I in oocytes. eLife 2013; 2:e01133. [PMID: 24192037 PMCID: PMC3816256 DOI: 10.7554/elife.01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation depends on coordination between cohesion resolution and kinetochore-microtubule interactions (K-fibers), a process regulated by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). How these diverse processes are coordinated remains unclear. We show that in mammalian oocytes Shugoshin-like protein 2 (Sgol2) in addition to protecting cohesin, plays an important role in turning off the SAC, in promoting the congression and bi-orientation of bivalents on meiosis I spindles, in facilitating formation of K-fibers and in limiting bivalent stretching. Sgol2’s ability to protect cohesin depends on its interaction with PP2A, as is its ability to silence the SAC, with the latter being mediated by direct binding to Mad2. In contrast, its effect on bivalent stretching and K-fiber formation is independent of PP2A and mediated by recruitment of MCAK and inhibition of Aurora C kinase activity respectively. By virtue of its multiple interactions, Sgol2 links many of the processes essential for faithful chromosome segregation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01133.001 Human reproductive cells—eggs and sperm—are produced through a process called meiosis. This means a ‘parent’ cell in the ovaries or testes undergoes two stages of cell division: it first divides into two cells, which then divide again to produce four ‘daughter’ cells. A crucial part of meiosis is ensuring that each daughter cell has half the number of chromosomes that the parent cell did. Before the first round of meiosis, the chromosomes in the parent cell are copied to produce enough chromosomes for the four daughter cells. The distribution of these chromosomes between the daughter cells is determined by the opposing forces acting on them. The pairs of identical chromosomes produced during the copying process are held together by a proteinaceous glue, while microtubules attached to a structure called the spindle—which has poles at opposite ends of the cell—try to pull these pairs of chromosomes apart. Rattani et al. now show that a protein called shugoshin-like 2 (Sgol2), which is involved in holding pairs of identical chromosomes together after the first round of division, has a bigger role than was previously realised. Sgol2 performs three other functions: it helps to align the chromosomes prior to division by, it is thought, facilitating the formation of the K-fibers that attach the microtubules to the chromosomes; it turns off the checkpoint that monitors the alignment of the chromosomes and the attachment of the microtubules; and it regulates a number of the enzymes involved in the process. The specific interactions that allow Sgol2 to perform these diverse functions in meiosis were also identified. Thus, Rattani et al. show that in linking so many essential processes throughout meiosis, Sgol2 appears to have a key, if not unique, role in determining the fate of chromosomes as cells divide. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01133.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Rattani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Huang R, Oh H, Arrendale A, Martin VA, Galan J, Workman EJ, Stout JR, Walczak CE, Tao WA, Borch RF, Geahlen RL. Intracellular targets for a phosphotyrosine peptidomimetic include the mitotic kinesin, MCAK. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:597-611. [PMID: 23830822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SH2 domains are attractive targets for chemotherapeutic agents due to their involvement in the formation of protein-protein interactions critical to many signal transduction cascades. Little is known, however, about how synthetic SH2 domain ligands would influence the growth properties of tumor cells or with which intracellular proteins they would interact due to their highly charged nature and enzymatic lability. In this study, a prodrug delivery strategy was used to introduce an enzymatically stable, phosphotyrosine peptidomimetic into tumor cells. When tested in a human tumor cell panel, the prodrug exhibited a preference for inhibiting the growth of leukemia and lymphoma cells. In these cells, it was largely cytostatic and induced endoreduplication and the appearance of midbodies. Proteomic analyses identified multiple targets that included mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK). Molecular modeling studies suggested the ATP-binding site on MCAK as the likely site of drug interaction. Consistent with this, ATP inhibited the drug-MCAK interaction and the drug inhibited MCAK ATPase activity. Accordingly, the effects of the prodrug on the assembly of the mitotic spindle and alignment of chromosomes were consistent with the identification of MCAK as an important intracellular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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