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Raju K, Karuppiah B, Chinniah R. The HLA profile and genetic affinities of three primitive Tamil-speaking endogamous groups: Kallars of Thanjavur, Piramalai Kallar and Vanniyar. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The present study was aimed to study the frequencies of HLA-DRB1/-DQB1 alleles and haplotypes of three endogamous groups of Tamil Nadu state, South India. PCR-SSP typing of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles were performed on 111 Kallars of Thanjavur, 80 Piramalai Kallar of Madurai and 119 Vanniyar. Genetic distances, neighbor-joining phylogenetic dendrograms and correspondence analysis have been performed.
Results
The HLA class II alleles, DRB1*07 (25.2%), DRB1*15 (15.7%), DRB1*14 (11.7%) and DRB1*12 (9.90%) among Kallars of Thanjavur; DRB1*15 (28.7%), DRB1*04 (15.6%), DRB1*10 (14.3%), DRB1*13 (11.2%) and DRB1*03 (9.37%) among Piamalai Kallar and DRB1*15 (24.7%), DRB1*04 (15.9%), DRB1*07 (11.7%), DRB1*12 (11.3%) and DRB1*10 (10.0%) among Vanniyar were more frequent. Similarly, alleles DQB1*06 (31.0%), DQB1*02 (26.5%) and DQB1*05 (24.7%) among Kallars of Thanjavur; DQB1*05 (32.5%), DQB1*06 (31.8%), DQB1*02 (16.2%) and DQB1*03:02 (12.5%) among Piramalai Kallar and DQB1*05 (52.9%), DQB1*06 (22.6%) and DQB1*02 (11.3%) among Vanniyar were more frequent. We genotyped the two most frequent two-locus haplotypes, such as DRB1*15-DQB1*06 and DRB1*07-DQB1*02 for HLA-A/-B/–C alleles to identify the 5-locus extended haplotypes to extrapolate global affinities. We identified a number of five locus extended haplotypes among south Indian population with stronger global affinities. Further, we identified the presence of a highly unique extended haplotypes such as A*11-B*35-C*12-DRB1*07-DQB1*02 (HF:0.1458) in Kallars of Thanjavur, A*03-B*35-C*04-DRB1*15-DQB1*06 (HF:0.1833) in Piramalai Kallar and A*03-B*07-C*07-DRB1*15-DQB1*06 (HF: 0.1800) in Kallars of Thanjavur and (HF: 0.1081) in Vanniyar population.
Conclusions
Allele distribution and haplotype analysis have demonstrated that the Kallars of Thanjavur, Piramalai Kallar and Vanniyar populations shared HLA alleles with other ethnic and other Indian populations, while showing population specific haplotypes. Analysis of population-specific distribution of HLA alleles is proved to be important in finding out the relatedness of the ethnic groups across continents. The extensive polymorphism of the HLA system also has useful application in the study of the origin, evolution and migration patterns of human populations.
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Villalba-Mouco V, Oliart C, Rihuete-Herrada C, Childebayeva A, Rohrlach AB, Fregeiro MI, Celdrán Beltrán E, Velasco-Felipe C, Aron F, Himmel M, Freund C, Alt KW, Salazar-García DC, García Atiénzar G, de Miguel Ibáñez MP, Hernández Pérez MS, Barciela V, Romero A, Ponce J, Martínez A, Lomba J, Soler J, Martínez AP, Avilés Fernández A, Haber-Uriarte M, Roca de Togores Muñoz C, Olalde I, Lalueza-Fox C, Reich D, Krause J, García Sanjuán L, Lull V, Micó R, Risch R, Haak W. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi7038. [PMID: 34788096 PMCID: PMC8597998 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The emerging Bronze Age (BA) of southeastern Iberia saw marked social changes. Late Copper Age (CA) settlements were abandoned in favor of hilltop sites, and collective graves were largely replaced by single or double burials with often distinctive grave goods indirectly reflecting a hierarchical social organization, as exemplified by the BA El Argar group. We explored this transition from a genomic viewpoint by tripling the amount of data available for this period. Concomitant with the rise of El Argar starting ~2200 cal BCE, we observe a complete turnover of Y-chromosome lineages along with the arrival of steppe-related ancestry. This pattern is consistent with a founder effect in male lineages, supported by our finding that males shared more relatives at sites than females. However, simple two-source models do not find support in some El Argar groups, suggesting additional genetic contributions from the Mediterranean that could predate the BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Villalba-Mouco
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC–Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Camila Oliart
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adam B. Rohrlach
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA-5005, Australia
| | - María Inés Fregeiro
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Celdrán Beltrán
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Franziska Aron
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marie Himmel
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Caecilia Freund
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kurt W. Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstr. 124, A-3500 Krems, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14-16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Domingo C. Salazar-García
- Grupo de investigación en Prehistoria IT-1223-19 (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain
- Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gabriel García Atiénzar
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ma. Paz de Miguel Ibáñez
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Mauro S. Hernández Pérez
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Virginia Barciela
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana Ponce
- Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Lomba
- Department of Prehistory, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Azucena Avilés Fernández
- Arqueología y Diseño Web S.L. (Grupo Entorno), Floridablanca 14, 1.°D, 30800 Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Iñigo Olalde
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC–Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carles Lalueza-Fox
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC–Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Vicente Lull
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Micó
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Risch
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA-5005, Australia
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