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Van Der Putten E, Wosikowski K, Freund C, Beijnen J. Reversal of resistance to docetaxel and cabazitaxel in prostate cancer cells with ritonavir. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Steeneveld E, Novoa J, van Amerongen-Westra I, Meij P, Freund C, Wieles B. iPSC: GMP-COMPLIANT HIPSC PRODUCTION AND QC-TESTING IN AN ACADEMIC SETTING. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Villalba-Mouco V, Oliart C, Rihuete-Herrada C, Childebayeva A, Rohrlach AB, Fregeiro MI, Celdrán Beltrán E, Velasco-Felipe C, Aron F, Himmel M, Freund C, Alt KW, Salazar-García DC, García Atiénzar G, de Miguel Ibáñez MP, Hernández Pérez MS, Barciela V, Romero A, Ponce J, Martínez A, Lomba J, Soler J, Martínez AP, Avilés Fernández A, Haber-Uriarte M, Roca de Togores Muñoz C, Olalde I, Lalueza-Fox C, Reich D, Krause J, García Sanjuán L, Lull V, Micó R, Risch R, Haak W. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabi7038. [PMID: 34788096 PMCID: PMC8597998 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The emerging Bronze Age (BA) of southeastern Iberia saw marked social changes. Late Copper Age (CA) settlements were abandoned in favor of hilltop sites, and collective graves were largely replaced by single or double burials with often distinctive grave goods indirectly reflecting a hierarchical social organization, as exemplified by the BA El Argar group. We explored this transition from a genomic viewpoint by tripling the amount of data available for this period. Concomitant with the rise of El Argar starting ~2200 cal BCE, we observe a complete turnover of Y-chromosome lineages along with the arrival of steppe-related ancestry. This pattern is consistent with a founder effect in male lineages, supported by our finding that males shared more relatives at sites than females. However, simple two-source models do not find support in some El Argar groups, suggesting additional genetic contributions from the Mediterranean that could predate the BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Villalba-Mouco
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC–Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Camila Oliart
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adam B. Rohrlach
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA-5005, Australia
| | - María Inés Fregeiro
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Celdrán Beltrán
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Franziska Aron
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marie Himmel
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Caecilia Freund
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kurt W. Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstr. 124, A-3500 Krems, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14-16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Domingo C. Salazar-García
- Grupo de investigación en Prehistoria IT-1223-19 (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain
- Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gabriel García Atiénzar
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ma. Paz de Miguel Ibáñez
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Mauro S. Hernández Pérez
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Virginia Barciela
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana Ponce
- Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Lomba
- Department of Prehistory, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Azucena Avilés Fernández
- Arqueología y Diseño Web S.L. (Grupo Entorno), Floridablanca 14, 1.°D, 30800 Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Iñigo Olalde
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC–Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carles Lalueza-Fox
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC–Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Vicente Lull
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Micó
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Risch
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA-5005, Australia
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Gnecchi-Ruscone GA, Khussainova E, Kahbatkyzy N, Musralina L, Spyrou MA, Bianco RA, Radzeviciute R, Martins NFG, Freund C, Iksan O, Garshin A, Zhaniyazov Z, Bekmanov B, Kitov E, Samashev Z, Beisenov A, Berezina N, Berezin Y, Bíró AZ, Évinger S, Bissembaev A, Akhatov G, Mamedov A, Onggaruly A, Voyakin D, Chotbayev A, Kariyev Y, Buzhilova A, Djansugurova L, Jeong C, Krause J. Ancient genomic time transect from the Central Asian Steppe unravels the history of the Scythians. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/13/eabe4414. [PMID: 33771866 PMCID: PMC7997506 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the different cultures. To address these questions, we produced genome-wide data for 111 ancient individuals retrieved from 39 archaeological sites from the first millennia BCE and CE across the Central Asian Steppe. We uncovered major admixture events in the Late Bronze Age forming the genetic substratum for two main Iron Age gene-pools emerging around the Altai and the Urals respectively. Their demise was mirrored by new genetic turnovers, linked to the spread of the eastern nomad empires in the first centuries CE. Compared to the high genetic heterogeneity of the past, the homogenization of the present-day Kazakhs gene pool is notable, likely a result of 400 years of strict exogamous social rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elmira Khussainova
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and Cytology, 050060, al-Farabi Ave., 93 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurzhibek Kahbatkyzy
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and Cytology, 050060, al-Farabi Ave., 93 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Kazakh National University by al-Farabi, 050040, al-Farabi Ave., 71 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyazzat Musralina
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and Cytology, 050060, al-Farabi Ave., 93 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Kazakh National University by al-Farabi, 050040, al-Farabi Ave., 71 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Maria A Spyrou
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Raffaela A Bianco
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rita Radzeviciute
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Caecilia Freund
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Olzhas Iksan
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and Cytology, 050060, al-Farabi Ave., 93 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Kazakh National University by al-Farabi, 050040, al-Farabi Ave., 71 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander Garshin
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and Cytology, 050060, al-Farabi Ave., 93 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhassulan Zhaniyazov
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and Cytology, 050060, al-Farabi Ave., 93 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhytzhan Bekmanov
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and Cytology, 050060, al-Farabi Ave., 93 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Kazakh National University by al-Farabi, 050040, al-Farabi Ave., 71 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Egor Kitov
- Kazakh National University by al-Farabi, 050040, al-Farabi Ave., 71 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Center of Human Ecology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Institute of Arсhaeology by A.Kh. Margulan, 050010, Dostyk Ave., 44 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zainolla Samashev
- State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve "Berel," village Zhambyl, Katon-Karagay district, East Kazakhstan region, 070906, Kazakhstan
- Branch of Institute of Archaeology by A.Kh. Margulan, 010011, Republic Ave., 24, of. 511, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Arman Beisenov
- Institute of Arсhaeology by A.Kh. Margulan, 050010, Dostyk Ave., 44 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Natalia Berezina
- Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mokhovaya Str. 11, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation
| | - Yakov Berezin
- Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mokhovaya Str. 11, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation
| | - András Zsolt Bíró
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2-6, Budapest H-1083, Hungary
| | - Sándor Évinger
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2-6, Budapest H-1083, Hungary
| | - Arman Bissembaev
- Branch of Institute of Archaeology by A.Kh. Margulan, 010011, Republic Ave., 24, of. 511, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- Regional Center of History, Ethnography and Archeology of Aktobe region, Turgenev Str. 86, Aktobe 030020, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaziz Akhatov
- Institute of Arсhaeology by A.Kh. Margulan, 050010, Dostyk Ave., 44 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aslan Mamedov
- Aktobe Regional Historical Museum, Oraza Tateuly Ave. 3, Batys-2 microdistrict, Astana district, Aktobe 030000, Kazakhstan
| | - Akhan Onggaruly
- Scientific-Research Institute "Halyq qazynasy," National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Tauelsizdik Ave. 54, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy Voyakin
- Institute of Arсhaeology by A.Kh. Margulan, 050010, Dostyk Ave., 44 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- International Institute for Central Asian Studies, University Boulevard Street 9, Samarkand 140129, Uzbekistan
| | - Aidos Chotbayev
- Institute of Arсhaeology by A.Kh. Margulan, 050010, Dostyk Ave., 44 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Yeldos Kariyev
- Scientific Center "Altaytanu" of East-Kazakhstan State University by S.A. Amanzholov, Kazakhstan Str. 55, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070004, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandra Buzhilova
- Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mokhovaya Str. 11, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation
| | - Leyla Djansugurova
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Institute of General Genetics and Cytology, 050060, al-Farabi Ave., 93 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Choongwon Jeong
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Prager CM, Varga A, Olmsted P, Ingram JC, Cattau M, Freund C, Wynn-Grant R, Naeem S. An assessment of adherence to basic ecological principles by payments for ecosystem service projects. Conserv Biol 2016; 30:836-845. [PMID: 26502915 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Programs and projects employing payments for ecosystem service (PES) interventions achieve their objectives by linking buyers and sellers of ecosystem services. Although PES projects are popular conservation and development interventions, little is known about their adherence to basic ecological principles. We conducted a quantitative assessment of the degree to which a global set of PES projects adhered to four ecological principles that are basic scientific considerations for any project focused on ecosystem management: collection of baseline data, identification of threats to an ecosystem service, monitoring, and attention to ecosystem dynamics or the formation of an adaptive management plan. We evaluated 118 PES projects in three markets-biodiversity, carbon, and water-compiled using websites of major conservation organizations; ecology, economic, and climate-change databases; and three scholarly databases (ISI Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). To assess adherence to ecological principles, we constructed two scientific indices (one additive [ASI] and one multiplicative [MSI]) based on our four ecological criteria and analyzed index scores by relevant project characteristics (e.g., sector, buyer, seller). Carbon-sector projects had higher ASI values (P < 0.05) than water-sector projects and marginally higher ASI scores (P < 0.1) than biodiversity-sector projects, demonstrating their greater adherence to ecological principles. Projects financed by public-private partnerships had significantly higher ASI values than projects financed by governments (P < 0.05) and marginally higher ASI values than those funded by private entities (P < 0.1). We did not detect differences in adherence to ecological principles based on the inclusion of cobenefits, the spatial extent of a project, or the size of a project's budget. These findings suggest, at this critical phase in the rapid growth of PES projects, that fundamental ecological principles should be considered more carefully in PES project design and implementation in an effort to ensure PES project viability and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Prager
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 10th floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, U.S.A
| | - A Varga
- Earth Institute Center for Environmental Sustainability, Columbia University, 10th floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, U.S.A
| | - P Olmsted
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, AERL Building, 429-2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J C Ingram
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10460, U.S.A
| | - M Cattau
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 10th floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, U.S.A
| | - C Freund
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 10th floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, U.S.A
| | - R Wynn-Grant
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 10th floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, U.S.A
| | - S Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 10th floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, U.S.A
- Earth Institute Center for Environmental Sustainability, Columbia University, 10th floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, U.S.A
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Yu X, Freund C, Bouma M, Mummery C, Salvatori D. Assessing Pluripotency of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Challenges for the Pathologist. J Comp Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Andrews PW, Baker D, Benvinisty N, Miranda B, Bruce K, Brüstle O, Choi M, Choi YM, Crook JM, de Sousa PA, Dvorak P, Freund C, Firpo M, Furue MK, Gokhale P, Ha HY, Han E, Haupt S, Healy L, Hei DJ, Hovatta O, Hunt C, Hwang SM, Inamdar MS, Isasi RM, Jaconi M, Jekerle V, Kamthorn P, Kibbey MC, Knezevic I, Knowles BB, Koo SK, Laabi Y, Leopoldo L, Liu P, Lomax GP, Loring JF, Ludwig TE, Montgomery K, Mummery C, Nagy A, Nakamura Y, Nakatsuji N, Oh S, Oh SK, Otonkoski T, Pera M, Peschanski M, Pranke P, Rajala KM, Rao M, Ruttachuk R, Reubinoff B, Ricco L, Rooke H, Sipp D, Stacey GN, Suemori H, Takahashi TA, Takada K, Talib S, Tannenbaum S, Yuan BZ, Zeng F, Zhou Q. Points to consider in the development of seed stocks of pluripotent stem cells for clinical applications: International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI). Regen Med 2015; 10:1-44. [PMID: 25675265 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P W Andrews
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Naeem S, Ingram JC, Varga A, Agardy T, Barten P, Bennett G, Bloomgarden E, Bremer LL, Burkill P, Cattau M, Ching C, Colby M, Cook DC, Costanza R, DeClerck F, Freund C, Gartner T, Goldman-Benner R, Gunderson J, Jarrett D, Kinzig AP, Kiss A, Koontz A, Kumar P, Lasky JR, Masozera M, Meyers D, Milano F, Naughton-Treves L, Nichols E, Olander L, Olmsted P, Perge E, Perrings C, Polasky S, Potent J, Prager C, Quetier F, Redford K, Saterson K, Thoumi G, Vargas MT, Vickerman S, Weisser W, Wilkie D, Wunder S. Get the science right when paying for nature's services. Science 2015; 347:1206-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Dambrot C, van de Pas S, van Zijl L, Brändl B, Wang JW, Schalij MJ, Hoeben RC, Atsma DE, Mikkers HM, Mummery CL, Freund C. Polycistronic lentivirus induced pluripotent stem cells from skin biopsies after long term storage, blood outgrowth endothelial cells and cells from milk teeth. Differentiation 2013; 85:101-9. [PMID: 23665895 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) requires the collection of donor tissue, but clinical circumstances in which the interests of patients have highest priority may compromise the quality and availability of cells that are eventually used for reprogramming. Here we compared (i) skin biopsies stored in standard physiological salt solution for up to two weeks (ii) blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) isolated from fresh peripheral blood and (iii) children's milk teeth lost during normal replacement for their ability to form somatic cell cultures suitable for reprogramming to hiPSCs. We derived all hiPSC lines using the same reprogramming method (a conditional (FLPe) polycistronic lentivirus) and under similar conditions (same batch of virus, fetal calf serum and feeder cells). Skin fibroblasts could be reprogrammed robustly even after long-term biopsy storage. Generation of hiPSCs from juvenile dental pulp cells gave similar high efficiencies, but that of BOECs was lower. In terms of invasiveness of biopsy sampling, biopsy storage and reprogramming efficiencies skin fibroblasts appeared best for the generation of hiPSCs, but where non-invasive procedures are required (e.g., for children and minors) dental pulp cells from milk teeth represent a valuable alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dambrot
- Department of Anatomy, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Jørgensen CR, Freund C, Bøye R, Jordet H, Andersen D, Kjølbye M. Outcome of mentalization-based and supportive psychotherapy in patients with borderline personality disorder: a randomized trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 127:305-17. [PMID: 22897123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study presents data from a randomized outcome study comparing mentalization-based and supportive psychotherapy for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). METHOD Eighty-five SCID-II diagnosed borderline patients were randomized to either i) 2 years of intensive (twice weekly) combined (individual and group), mentalization-based psychotherapy (MBT) or ii) 2 years of less-intensive (biweekly) supportive group therapy. Treatment outcome was assessed using a battery of self-report questionnaires, SCID-II interviews and therapist-rated global assessment of functioning (GAF). RESULTS Fifty-eight patients completed 2 years of treatment. Significant changes in both treatment groups were identified for several outcome measures, including self-reported measures of general functioning, depression, social functioning and number of diagnostic criteria met for BPD, as outlined by the SCID-II interview. General linear modelling was used to compare treatment outcome in the two groups. Only GAF showed a significantly higher outcome in the MBT group. A trend was found for a higher rate of recovery from BPD in the MBT group. Pre-post effect sizes were high (0.5-2.1) and for the most part highly significant in both groups. CONCLUSION The study indicates that both MBT and supportive treatment are highly effective in treating BPD when conducted by a well-trained and experienced psychodynamic staff in a well-organized clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Jørgensen
- Department of Psychology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Piotukh K, Freund C. A novel hSH3 domain scaffold engineered to bind folded domains in CD2BP2 and HIV capsid protein. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:649-56. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Freund C, Davis R, Gkatzis K, Ward-van Oostwaard D, Mummery C. The first reported generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes in the Netherlands. Neth Heart J 2010; 18:51-4. [PMID: 20111645 PMCID: PMC2810037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the recent breakthroughs in stem cell research has been the reprogramming of human somatic cells to an embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like state (induced pluripotent stem cells, iPS cells). Similar to ESCs, iPS cells can differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers, for example cardiomyocytes, pancreatic cells or neurons. This technique offers a new approach to investigating disease pathogenesis and to the development of novel therapies. It may now be possible to generate iPS cells from somatic cells of patients who suffer from vascular genetic diseases, such as hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The iPS cells will have a similar genotype to that of the patient and can be differentiated in vitro into the cell type(s) that are affected in the patient. Thus they will serve as excellent models for a better understanding of mechanisms underlying the disease. This, together with the ability to test new drugs, could potentially lead to novel therapeutic concepts in the near future. Here we report the first derivation of three human iPS cell lines from two healthy individuals and one HHT patient in the Netherlands. The iPS cells resembled ESCs in morphology and expressed typical ESC markers. In vitro, iPS cells could be differentiated into cells of the three germ layers, including beating cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. With this technique it will be possible to establish human cardiovascular disease models from patient biopsies provided by the principal hospitals in the Netherlands. (Neth Heart J 2010;18:51-4.).
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Freund
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R.P. Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - K. Gkatzis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D. Ward-van Oostwaard
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C.L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, and Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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13
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Ueffing N, Keil E, Freund C, Kühne R, Schulze-Osthoff K, Schmitz I. Mutational analyses of c-FLIPR, the only murine short FLIP isoform, reveal requirements for DISC recruitment. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15:773-82. [PMID: 18219316 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) proteins are known as potent inhibitors of death receptor-mediated apoptosis by interfering with caspase-8 activation at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Among the three human isoforms, c-FLIP(long), c-FLIP(short) and c-FLIP(R), the latter isoform is poorly characterized. We report here the characterization of murine c-FLIP(R) and show that it is the only short c-FLIP isoform expressed in mice. By generating several mutants, we demonstrate that both death effector domains (DEDs) are required for DISC binding and the antiapoptotic function of c-FLIP(R). Surprisingly, the C-terminal tail is important for both protein stability and DISC recruitment. Three-dimensional modeling of c-FLIP(R) revealed a substantial similarity of the overall structures and potential interaction motifs with the viral FLIP MC159. We found, however, that c-FLIP(R) uses different structural motifs for its DISC recruitment. Whereas MC159 interferes with interaction and self-oligomerization of the DISC component FADD by its extensive hydrophilic surface, a narrow hydrophobic patch of c-FLIP(R) on the surface of DED2 is crucial for DISC association. Thus, despite the presence of similar tandem DEDs, viral and cellular FLIPs inhibit apoptosis by remarkably divergent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ueffing
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
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14
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Abstract
Low-affinity protein-protein interactions (PPI) between domains of modular proteins and short, solvent-exposed peptide sequences within their binding partners play an essential role in intracellular signaling. An important class of PPIs comprises proline-rich motifs (PRM) that are specifically recognized by PRM-binding domains (PRD). Aromatic side chains of the PRDs define the binding pockets that often recognize individual proline residues, while flanking sequences mediate specificity. Several of these PRM:PRD interactions are associated with cellular malfunction, cancer or infectious diseases. Thus, the design of PRM:PRD inhibitors by using structure-based molecular modeling as well as peptidomimetic approaches and high-throughput screening strategies is of great pharmacological interest. In this chapter we describe the molecular basis of PRM:PRD interactions, highlight their functional role in certain cellular processes and give an overview of recent strategies of inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Freund
- Protein Engineering, Molecular Modeling Group, FU and FMP Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Freund C, Mark W, Unsinn KM, Margreiter R, Jaschke W. Bildgebende Diagnostik nach Pankreas-Transplantation: Postoperative Anatomie sowie Chronologie und Spektrum der Komplikationen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Abstract
The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the impact of pregnancy and lactation on the risk of breast cancer and possibility of breastfeeding after breast cancer treatment. A Pubmed search was carried out for publications in English or French from 1974 through 2004, related to breast cancer, pregnancy and breastfeeding. There is a transient increase in risk of breast cancer in the first three to four years after pregnancy, whereas during lifetime, the risk seems lower than in nulliparity. Lactation reduced the risk for breast cancer. This protective effect seems greater for women who had extended periods of breastfeeding during their lifetime, particularly in case of BRCA1 mutation. Various physiopathological mechanisms are involved in the protective effect of breastfeeding: anovulation, cellular differentiation of the mammary cells and excretion in the milk of breast carcinogens. After breast cancer treatment, there is no evidence that breastfeeding increases the risk of breast cancer recurrence, nor that it carries any health risk to the newborn. Women previously treated for breast cancer and free of recurrence are allowed to breastfeed their children. Beneficial effects of breastfeeding for the mother and the newborn should lead physicians and midwives to encourage prolonged breastfeeding in their medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Freund
- Ecole de sages-femmes de la faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France
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17
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Freund C. CT-gesteuerte Biopsietechniken der Lunge. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-827245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pisecky
- Selbsthilfegruppe Zeckenopfer, Kaiserstrasse 71/1/3/7, A-1070 Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Chow RL, Snow B, Novak J, Looser J, Freund C, Vidgen D, Ploder L, McInnes RR. Vsx1, a rapidly evolving paired-like homeobox gene expressed in cone bipolar cells. Mech Dev 2001; 109:315-22. [PMID: 11731243 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The paired-like homeodomain (HD) protein Chx10 is distinguished by the presence of the CVC domain, a conserved 56 amino acid sequence C-terminal to the HD. In mammals, Chx10 is essential both for the proliferation of retinal progenitor cells and for the formation or survival of retinal bipolar interneurons. We describe the cloning and characterization of a mouse Chx10 homologue, Vsx1; phylogenetic analysis suggests that Vsx1 and its putative vertebrate orthologues have evolved rapidly. Vsx1 expression in the adult is predominantly retinal. Whereas Chx10 is expressed both in retinal progenitors in the developing eye and apparently in all bipolar cells of the mature retina, Vsx1 expression is first detected in the eye at postnatal day 5, where it is restricted to cone bipolar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Chow
- Program in Developmental Biology, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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20
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Kang H, Freund C, Duke-Cohan JS, Musacchio A, Wagner G, Rudd CE. SH3 domain recognition of a proline-independent tyrosine-based RKxxYxxY motif in immune cell adaptor SKAP55. EMBO J 2000; 19:2889-99. [PMID: 10856234 PMCID: PMC203341 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.12.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Src-homology 3 (SH3) domains recognize PXXP core motif preceded or followed by positively charged residue(s). Whether SH3 domains recognize motifs other than proline-based sequences is unclear. In this study, we report SH3 domain binding to a novel proline-independent motif in immune cell adaptor SKAP55, which is comprised of two N-terminal lysine and arginine residues followed by two tyrosines (i.e. RKxxYxxY). Domains capable of binding to class I proline motifs bound to the motif, while the class II domains failed to bind. Peptide precipitation, alanine scanning and in vivo co-expression studies demonstrated a requirement for the arginine, lysine and tandem tyrosines of the motif. Two-dimensional NMR analysis of the peptide bound FYN-SH3 domain showed overlap with the binding site of a proline-rich peptide on the charged surface of the SH3 domain, while resonance signals for other residues (W119, W120, Y137) were not perturbed by the RKGDYASY based peptide. Expression of the RKGDYASY peptide potently inhibited TcRzeta/CD3-mediated NF-AT transcription in T cells. Our findings extend the repertoire of SH3 domain binding motifs to include a tyrosine-based motif and demonstrate a regulatory role for this motif in receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
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21
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Gould R, Freund C, Palmer F, Knapp PE, Huang J, Morrison H, Feinstein DL. Messenger RNAs for kinesins and dynein are located in neural processes. Biol Bull 1999; 197:259-260. [PMID: 10573845 DOI: 10.2307/1542638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Gould
- NYS Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island, USA
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22
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Freund C, Dötsch V, Nishizawa K, Reinherz EL, Wagner G. The GYF domain is a novel structural fold that is involved in lymphoid signaling through proline-rich sequences. Nat Struct Biol 1999; 6:656-60. [PMID: 10404223 DOI: 10.1038/10712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation through the CD2 cell surface receptor is transmitted by proline-rich sequences within its cytoplasmic tail. A membrane-proximal proline-rich tandem repeat, involved in cytokine production, is recognized by the intracellular CD2 binding protein CD2BP2. We solved the solution structure of the CD2 binding domain of CD2BP2, which we name the glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine (GYF) domain. The GYF sequence is part of a structurally unique bulge-helix-bulge motif that constitutes the major binding site for the CD2 tail. A hydrophobic surface patch is created by motif residues that are highly conserved among a variety of proteins from diverse eukaryotic species. Thus, the architecture of the GYF domain may be widely used in protein-protein associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Freund
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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23
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Nishizawa K, Freund C, Li J, Wagner G, Reinherz EL. Identification of a proline-binding motif regulating CD2-triggered T lymphocyte activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:14897-902. [PMID: 9843987 PMCID: PMC24547 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/1998] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An intracellular protein termed CD2 binding protein 2 (CD2BP2), which binds to a site containing two PPPGHR segments within the cytoplasmic region of CD2, was identified. Mutagenesis and NMR analysis demonstrated that the CD2 binding region of CD2BP2 includes a 17-aa motif (GPY[orF]xxxxM[orV]xxWxxx GYF), also found in several yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans proteins of unknown function. In Jurkat T cells, over-expression of the isolated CD2BP2 domain binding to CD2 enhances the production of interleukin 2 on crosslinking of CD2 but not the T cell receptor. Hence, a proline-binding module distinct from SH3 and WW domains regulates protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishizawa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies are prototypes of multimeric proteins and consist of structurally similar domains. The two variable domains of an antibody (VH and VL) interact through a large hydrophobic interface and can be expressed as covalently linked single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments. The in vitro folding of scFv fragments after long-term denaturation in guanidinium chloride is known to be slow. In order to delineate the nature of the rate-limiting step, the folding of the scFv fragment of an antibody after short-term denaturation has been investigated. RESULTS Secondary structure formation, measured by H/D-exchange protection, of a mutant scFv fragment of an antibody after short incubation in 6 M guanidinium chloride was shown to be multiphasic. NMR analysis shows that an intermediate with significant proton protection is observed within the dead time of the manual mixing experiments. Subsequently, the folding reaction proceeds via a biphasic reaction and mass spectrometry analyses of the exchange experiments confirm the existence of two parallel pathways. In the presence of cyclophilin, however, the faster of the two phases vanishes (when followed by intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence), while the slower phase is not significantly enhanced by equimolar cyclophilin. CONCLUSIONS The formation of an early intermediate, which shows amide-proton exchange protection, is independent of proline isomerization. Subsequently, a proline cis-trans isomerization reaction in the rapidly formed intermediate, producing 'non-native' isomers, competes with the fast formation of native species. Interface formation in a folding intermediate of the scFv fragment is proposed to prevent the back-isomerization of these prolines from being efficiently catalyzed by cyclophilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Freund
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Freund C, Gehrig P, Holak TA, Plückthun A. Comparison of the amide proton exchange behavior of the rapidly formed folding intermediate and the native state of an antibody scFv fragment. FEBS Lett 1997; 407:42-6. [PMID: 9141478 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the stability of backbone amide protons of the intermediate and the native state of the scFv fragment of an antibody. Stopped flow experiments analyzed by MS and NMR detected the formation of an exchange protected intermediate within the deadtime of the stopped flow apparatus (17 ms). H/D exchange rates of the native protein identified a number of very stable backbone amide protons in the V(L) and the V(H) domains. In the V(L) domain, this slowly exchanging core of the scFv fragment is similar to the folding core of the intermediate, while the V(H) domain possesses a great number of very stable amide protons which are not stabilized to a significant degree in the folding intermediate of the scFv fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Freund
- Biochemisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Switzerland
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26
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Abstract
We review the current knowledge of transcription factors in mammallan eye development. The 14 transcription factors presently known to be required for eye formation are examined in some detail, incorporating data from both humans and rodents. Aspects of the biochemistry, expression patterns, genetics, mutant phenotypes, and biological insights acquired from the examination of loss-of-function mutations are summarized. The other 32 tissue-restricted transcription factors that are currently known to be expressed in the developing or mature mammallan eye are tabulated, together with the timing and site of their ocular expression; the requirement for most of these genes in the eye is unknown. Contributions to mammallan eye development from the study of the genetics of the Drosophila eye are discussed briefly. Identification of the entire cohort of transcription factors required for eye development is an essential first step towards understanding the mechanisms underlying eye morphogenesis and differentiation, and the molecular basis of inherited eye abnormalities in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Freund
- Department of Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Abstract
The folding kinetics of the variable domains of the phosphorylcholine-binding antibody McPC603, combined into a scFv fragment [VH-(Gly4Ser)3-VL], were investigated by the use of fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS). All three methods gave evidence for the occurrence of a major kinetic intermediate during the refolding of the denatured, oxidized scFv fragment. This intermediate is formed within the first 30 s of folding and comprises exchange-protected amide protons of hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids, most of which are localized within the inner beta-sheet of the V(L) domain. In the subsequent slow step, most of the amide protons become protected with rate constants that are very similar for residues of both domains. These data are in agreement with the MS results, which indicate a cooperative folding event from the intermediate to the native state of the scFv fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Freund
- Biochemisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Wiedemann GJ, Robins HI, Katschinski DM, Mentzel M, van Heek R, Touhidi RR, Bucsky P, Gillis W, Feyerabend T, d'Oleire F, Freund C, Eleftheriadis S, Weiss C, Wagner T. [Clinical studies on combination of ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) with whole body hyperthermia]. Med Klin (Munich) 1996; 91:279-83. [PMID: 8709905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G J Wiedemann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinischen Universität Lübeck
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29
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Freund C, Ross A, Plückthun A, Holak TA. Structural and dynamic properties of the Fv fragment and the single-chain Fv fragment of an antibody in solution investigated by heteronuclear three-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 1994; 33:3296-303. [PMID: 8136365 DOI: 10.1021/bi00177a021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fv fragments, heterodimers of the variable light (VL) and variable heavy chain (VH) domains, are the smallest functional antibody units with molecular masses of approximately 26 kDa. The structural and dynamic properties of the Fv fragment and the corresponding single-chain Fv fragment (scFv: VH-linker-VL, 252 amino acids) of the phosphorylcholine-binding antibody McPC603 in the presence of hapten have been studied in solution by heteronuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. Both 15N TOCSY-HMQC and triple-resonance experiments (HNCA and HN(CA)H, with 15N-13C-labeled protein) gave poor spectra, due to short T2 relaxation times for most of the backbone 1H, 15N, and 13C alpha atoms. The assignment procedure therefore relied upon the combination of amino acid and domain (VL) specifically labeled spectra and the 3D NOESY-HMQC spectrum of the uniformly 15N labeled Fv and scFv fragments. Approximately 80% of the 15N and 1H backbone and 60% of the 1H side-chain resonances have been assigned. Short- and long-range NOEs were used to determine the extent of beta-sheet structure and were compared to the X-ray crystallographic data. The 1H-15N NOE data indicate that the scFv backbone has a well-defined structure of limited conformational flexibility. However, the linker of the scFv fragment exhibits substantial fast internal motion (on the picosecond to nanosecond time scale) compared with the overall rotational correlation time of the whole molecule. Several residues in the CDRs, in turns, or at the C-terminal end of the protein have smaller NOEs, reflecting some degree of rapid motion in the protein backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Freund
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, FRG
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30
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Rasmussen KL, Freund C. [Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester]. Ugeskr Laeger 1993; 155:2448-50. [PMID: 8356763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Significant changes in attitudes towards patients with vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy are taking place at the moment, and it is with this in mind that the relevant literature dealing with these patients is reviewed. The rate of miscarriage in an asymptomatic population of pregnant women is 2-4%. If vaginal bleeding occurs, about half the fetuses will have no detectable heartbeat by the time symptoms appear and miscarriage is taking place. Of the remainder, where heartbeat is demonstrated, only ten percent will miscarry despite the bleeding. The presence of an intrauterine haematoma will at most have marginal significance for the prognosis. There is no treatment that has a documented effect amongst these patients, which is why hospitalization can no longer be recommended. A possible investigational program is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Rasmussen
- Gynaekologisk-obstetrisk afdeling, Arhus Kommunehospital
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31
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Freund C, Ross A, Guth B, Plückthun A, Holak TA. Characterization of the linker peptide of the single-chain Fv fragment of an antibody by NMR spectroscopy. FEBS Lett 1993; 320:97-100. [PMID: 8458438 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80070-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A comparison of the single-chain Fv fragment of the antibody McPC603 (scFv) with its corresponding unlinked Fv fragment has been carried out with 15N-edited NMR spectroscopy. The two Fv fragments adopt the same structure, indicating that the linker does not perturb the folding of the domains. This also directly demonstrates that folding in vivo (Fv fragment) and in vitro (scFv fragment) leads to the same structure. The main differences in the spectra of the uniformly 15N-labeled scFv and Fv fragments are due to signals of Gly and Ser from the linker peptide of the scFv fragment. The linker peptide has been mapped with NMR spectra of 15N-glycine- and 15N-glycine/15N-serine-labeled scFv fragments. The 15N T2 relaxation data indicate that the linker peptide is more flexible than the rest of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Freund
- Department of Structural Research, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany
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32
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Maier-Greiner UH, Obermaier-Skrobranek BM, Estermaier LM, Kammerloher W, Freund C, Wülfing C, Burkert UI, Matern DH, Breuer M, Eulitz M. Isolation and properties of a nitrile hydratase from the soil fungus Myrothecium verrucaria that is highly specific for the fertilizer cyanamide and cloning of its gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:4260-4. [PMID: 2034671 PMCID: PMC51638 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.10.4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A protein was purified from crude extracts of the soil fungus Myrothecium verrucaria by gel filtration and hydrophobic chromatography to homogeneity; this protein catalyzed the stoichiometric hydration of the fertilizer cyanamide to urea with high substrate specificity. This cyanamide hydratase (urea hydro-lyase; EC 4.2.1.69) contained zinc and consisted of six identical subunits with Mr = 27,700. It was partially sequenced. The protein was detectable only when the fungus was grown on cyanamide as the sole nitrogen source. Genomic DNA from the fungus was cloned, and the gene encoding the enzyme was mapped with an oligonucleotide probe derived from the amino acid sequence within a 25,800-base-pair DNA region. The subunit of the enzyme is encoded by a 795-base-pair DNA sequence containing a 63-base-pair intron. A cDNA clone containing the intronless gene with an open reading frame encoding a sequence of 244 amino acids expressed the enzyme in active form in Escherichia coli with excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- U H Maier-Greiner
- Institut für Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
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33
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Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying a mutation in the clathrin heavy chain gene (CHC1) are genetically unstable and give rise to heterogeneous populations of cells. Manifestations of the instability include increases in genome copy number as well as compensatory genetic changes that allow better growing clathrin-deficient cells to take over the population. Increases in genome copy number appear to result from changes in ploidy as well as alterations in normal nuclear number. Genetic background influences the frequency at which cells with increased genome content are observed in different Chc- strains. We cannot distinguish whether genetic background affects the rate at which aberrant nuclear division events occur or a growth advantage of cells with increased nuclear and/or genome content. However, survival of chc1-delta cells does not require an increase in genome copy number. The clathrin heavy chain gene was mapped 1-2 cM distal to KEX1 on the left arm of chromosome VII by making use of integrated 2 mu plasmid sequences to destabilize distal chromosome segments and allow ordering of the genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lemmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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34
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Freund C. The changing marketplace--nursing meets the demand. Tar Heel Nurse 1988; 50:3-6. [PMID: 3368848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Freund C, Kayser R. Ein Fall von Schreckneurose mit Gehörsanomalieen 1). Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1891. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1206665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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