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Geay J, Margaron Y, Gentien D, Reyal F, Puisieux A, Blanchoin L, Guyon L, Théry M. Plakins are involved in the regulation of centrosome position in polarized epithelial cells. Biol Cell 2024; 116:e2400048. [PMID: 38850178 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202400048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION The control of epithelial cell polarity is key to their function. Its dysregulation is a major cause of tissue transformation. In polarized epithelial cells,the centrosome is off-centred toward the apical pole. This asymmetry determines the main orientation of the microtubule network and intra-cellular traffic. However, the mechanism regulating centrosome positioning at the apical pole of polarized epithelial cells is still poorly undertood. RESULTS In this study we used transcriptomic data from breast cancer cells to identify molecular changes associated with the different stages of tumour transformation. We correlated these changes with variations in centrosome position or with cell progression along the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that involves centrosome repositioning. We found that low levels of epiplakin, desmoplakin and periplakin correlated with centrosome mispositioning in cells that had progressed through EMT or tissue transformation. We further tested the causal role of these plakins in the regulation of centrosome position by knocking down their expression in a non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A). The downregulation of periplakin reduced the length of intercellular junction, which was not affected by the downregulation of epiplakin or desmoplakin. However, down-regulating any of them disrupted centrosome polarisation towards the junction without affecting microtubule stability. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results demonstrated that epiplakin, desmoplakin and periplakin are involved in the maintenance of the peripheral position of the centrosome close to inter-cellular junctions. They also revealed that these plakins are downregulated during EMT and breast cancer progression, which are both associated with centrosome mispositioning. SIGNIFICANCE These results revealed that the down-regulation of plakins and the consequential centrosome mispositioning are key signatures of disorganised cytoskeleton networks, inter-cellular junction weakening, shape deregulation and the loss of polarity in breast cancer cells. These metrics could further be used as a new readouts for early phases of tumoral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Geay
- Université de Paris, CEA/INSERM/AP-HP, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, UMR976, HIPI, CytoMorpho Lab, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Yoran Margaron
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA/INRA/CNRS, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, LPCV, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble, France
| | - David Gentien
- Université PSL, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Genomics Platform, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Reyal
- Université Paris Cité, Université PSL, INSERM U932, Breast Gynecological and Reconstructive Surgery, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université PSL, Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- Université de Paris, CEA/INSERM/AP-HP, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, UMR976, HIPI, CytoMorpho Lab, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA/INRA/CNRS, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, LPCV, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Guyon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA/INSERM, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, BioSanté UMR_S 1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Théry
- Université de Paris, CEA/INSERM/AP-HP, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, UMR976, HIPI, CytoMorpho Lab, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA/INRA/CNRS, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, LPCV, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble, France
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2
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Fu YC, Das A, Wang D, Braun R, Yi R. scHolography: a computational method for single-cell spatial neighborhood reconstruction and analysis. Genome Biol 2024; 25:164. [PMID: 38915088 PMCID: PMC11197379 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics has transformed our ability to study tissue complexity. However, it remains challenging to accurately dissect tissue organization at single-cell resolution. Here we introduce scHolography, a machine learning-based method designed to reconstruct single-cell spatial neighborhoods and facilitate 3D tissue visualization using spatial and single-cell RNA sequencing data. scHolography employs a high-dimensional transcriptome-to-space projection that infers spatial relationships among cells, defining spatial neighborhoods and enhancing analyses of cell-cell communication. When applied to both human and mouse datasets, scHolography enables quantitative assessments of spatial cell neighborhoods, cell-cell interactions, and tumor-immune microenvironment. Together, scHolography offers a robust computational framework for elucidating 3D tissue organization and analyzing spatial dynamics at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng C Fu
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Arpan Das
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rosemary Braun
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Rui Yi
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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3
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Perl AL, Pokorny JL, Green KJ. Desmosomes at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261899. [PMID: 38940346 PMCID: PMC11234380 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are relatives of ancient cadherin-based junctions, which emerged late in evolution to ensure the structural integrity of vertebrate tissues by coupling the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to cell-cell junctions. Their ability to dynamically counter the contractile forces generated by actin-associated adherens junctions is particularly important in tissues under high mechanical stress, such as the skin and heart. Much more than the simple cellular 'spot welds' depicted in textbooks, desmosomes are in fact dynamic structures that can sense and respond to changes in their mechanical environment and external stressors like ultraviolet light and pathogens. These environmental signals are transmitted intracellularly via desmosome-dependent mechanochemical pathways that drive the physiological processes of morphogenesis and differentiation. This Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster review desmosome structure and assembly, highlight recent insights into how desmosomes integrate chemical and mechanical signaling in the epidermis, and discuss desmosomes as targets in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey L Perl
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jenny L Pokorny
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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4
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Kida M, Abe J, Hori H, Hirai Y. PRSS3/mesotrypsin as a putative regulator of the biophysical characteristics of epidermal keratinocytes in superficial layers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12383. [PMID: 38811772 PMCID: PMC11137022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesotrypsin, encoded by the PRSS3 gene, is a distinctive trypsin isoform renowned for its exceptional resistance to traditional trypsin inhibitors and unique substrate specificity. Within the skin epidermis, this protein primarily expresses in the upper layers of the stratified epidermis and plays a crucial role in processing pro-filaggrin (Pro-FLG). Although prior studies have partially elucidated its functions using primary cultured keratinocytes, challenges persist due to these cells' differentiation-activated cell death program. In the present study, HaCaT keratinocytes, characterized by minimal endogenous mesotrypsin expression and sustained proliferation in differentiated states, were utilized to further scrutinize the function of mesotrypsin. Despite the ready degradation of the intact form of active mesotrypsin in these cells, fusion with Venus, flanked by a peptide linker, enables evasion from the protein elimination machinery, thus facilitating activation of the Pro-FLG processing system. Inducing Venus-mesotrypsin expression in the cells resulted in a flattened phenotype and reduced proliferative capacity. Moreover, these cells displayed altered F-actin assembly, enhanced E-cadherin adhesive activity, and facilitated tight junction formation without overtly influencing epidermal differentiation. These findings underscore mesotrypsin's potentially pivotal role in shaping the characteristic cellular morphology of upper epidermal layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Kida
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Junya Abe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Haruna Hori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Yohei Hirai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.
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5
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Zimmer SE, Giang W, Levental I, Kowalczyk AP. The transmembrane domain of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-1 governs lipid raft association to promote desmosome adhesive strength. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590936. [PMID: 38712246 PMCID: PMC11071526 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains called lipid rafts are hypothesized to selectively coordinate protein complex assembly within the plasma membrane to regulate cellular functions. Desmosomes are mechanically resilient adhesive junctions that associate with lipid raft membrane domains, yet the mechanisms directing raft association of the desmosomal proteins, particularly the transmembrane desmosomal cadherins, are poorly understood. We identified the desmoglein-1 (DSG1) transmembrane domain (TMD) as a key determinant of desmoglein lipid raft association and designed a panel of DSG1 TMD variants to assess the contribution of TMD physicochemical properties (length, bulkiness, and palmitoylation) to DSG1 lipid raft association. Sucrose gradient fractionations revealed that TMD length and bulkiness, but not palmitoylation, govern DSG1 lipid raft association. Further, DSG1 raft association determines plakoglobin recruitment to raft domains. Super-resolution imaging and functional assays uncovered a strong relationship between the efficiency of DSG1 TMD lipid raft association and the formation of morphologically and functionally robust desmosomes. Lipid raft association regulated both desmosome assembly dynamics and DSG1 cell surface stability, indicating that DSG1 lipid raft association is required for both desmosome formation and maintenance. These studies identify the biophysical properties of desmoglein transmembrane domains as key determinants of lipid raft association and desmosome adhesive function.
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6
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Di Russo J, Magin TM, Leube RE. A keratin code defines the textile nature of epithelial tissue architecture. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102236. [PMID: 37708744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We suggest that the human body can be viewed as of textile nature whose fabric consists of interconnected fiber systems. These fiber systems form highly dynamic scaffolds, which respond to environmental changes at different temporal and spatial scales. This is especially relevant at sites where epithelia border on connective tissue regions that are exposed to dynamic microenvironments. We propose that the enormous heterogeneity and adaptability of epithelia are based on a "keratin code", which results from the cell-specific expression and posttranslational modification of keratin isotypes. It thereby defines unique cytoskeletal intermediate filament networks that are coupled across cells and to the correspondingly heterogeneous fibers of the underlying extracellular matrix. The resulting fabric confers unique local properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Di Russo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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7
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Perl AL, Koetsier JL, Green KJ. PP2A-B55alpha controls keratinocyte adhesion through dephosphorylation of the Desmoplakin C-terminus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12720. [PMID: 37543698 PMCID: PMC10404246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical for the maintenance of epidermal integrity and function are attachments between intermediate filaments (IF) and intercellular junctions called desmosomes. The desmosomal cytoplasmic plaque protein desmoplakin (DP) is essential for anchoring IF to the junction. DP-IF interactions are regulated by a phospho-regulatory motif within the DP C-terminus controlling keratinocyte intercellular adhesion. Here we identify the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-B55α holoenzyme as the major serine/threonine phosphatase regulating DP's C-terminus and consequent intercellular adhesion. Using a combination of chemical and genetic approaches, we show that the PP2A-B55α holoenzyme interacts with DP at intercellular membranes in 2D- and 3D- epidermal models and human skin samples. Our experiments demonstrate that PP2A-B55α regulates the phosphorylation status of junctional DP and is required for maintaining strong desmosome-mediated intercellular adhesion. These data identify PP2A-B55α as part of a regulatory module capable of tuning intercellular adhesion strength and a candidate disease target in desmosome-related disorders of the skin and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey L Perl
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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8
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Wang J, Fu Y, Huang W, Biswas R, Banerjee A, Broussard JA, Zhao Z, Wang D, Bjerke G, Raghavan S, Yan J, Green KJ, Yi R. MicroRNA-205 promotes hair regeneration by modulating mechanical properties of hair follicle stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220635120. [PMID: 37216502 PMCID: PMC10235966 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220635120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stiffness and actomyosin contractility are intrinsic mechanical properties of animal cells required for the shaping of tissues. However, whether tissue stem cells (SCs) and progenitors located within SC niche have different mechanical properties that modulate their size and function remains unclear. Here, we show that hair follicle SCs in the bulge are stiff with high actomyosin contractility and resistant to size change, whereas hair germ (HG) progenitors are soft and periodically enlarge and contract during quiescence. During activation of hair follicle growth, HGs reduce contraction and more frequently enlarge, a process that is associated with weakening of the actomyosin network, nuclear YAP accumulation, and cell cycle reentry. Induction of miR-205, a novel regulator of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, reduces actomyosin contractility and activates hair regeneration in young and old mice. This study reveals the control of tissue SC size and activities by spatiotemporally compartmentalized mechanical properties and demonstrates the possibility to stimulate tissue regeneration by fine-tuning cell mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Yuheng Fu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Wenmao Huang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore117411, Singapore
| | - Ritusree Biswas
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bangalore560065, India
| | - Avinanda Banerjee
- A*Star Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore138648, Singapore
| | - Joshua A. Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Zhihai Zhao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore117411, Singapore
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Glen Bjerke
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Srikala Raghavan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bangalore560065, India
- A*Star Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore138648, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore117411, Singapore
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Rui Yi
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
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9
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Rosado-Galindo H, Domenech M. Surface roughness modulates EGFR signaling and stemness of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1124250. [PMID: 36968199 PMCID: PMC10030610 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1124250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer stem cells (CSC), a major culprit of drug-resistant phenotypes and tumor relapse, represent less than 2 % of the bulk of TNBC cells, making them difficult to isolate, study, and thus, limiting our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. Current methods for CSC enrichment, such as 3D spheroid culture, genetic modification, and stem cell conditioning, are time consuming, expensive, and unsuitable for high-throughput assays. One way to address these limitations is to use topographical stimuli to enhance CSC populations in planar culture. Physical cues in the breast tumor microenvironment can influence cell behavior through changes in the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we used topographical cues on polystyrene films to investigate their effect on the proteome and stemness of standard TNBC cell lines. Methods: The topographical polystyrene-based array was generated using razor printing and polishing methods. Proteome data were analyzed and enriched bioprocesses were identified using R software. Stemness was assessed measuring CD44, CD24 and ALDH markers using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, detection assays, and further validated with mammosphere assay. EGF/EGFR expression and activity was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence and antibody membrane array. A dose-response assay was performed to further investigate the effect of surface topography on the sensitivity of cells to the EGFR inhibitor. Results: Surface roughness enriched the CSC population and modulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling activity in TNBC cells. Enhanced proliferation of MDA-MB-468 cells in roughness correlated with upregulation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand, which in turn corresponded with a 3-fold increase in the expression of EGFR and a 42% increase in its phosphorylation compared to standard smooth culture surfaces. The results also demonstrated that phenotypic changes associated with topographical (roughness) stimuli significantly decreased the drug sensitivity to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. In addition, the proportion of CD44+/CD24-/ALDH+ was enhanced on surface roughness in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines. We also demonstrated that YAP/TAZ activation decreased in a roughness-dependent manner, confirming the mechanosensing effect of the topographies on the oncogenic activity of the cells. Discussion: Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of surface roughness as a culture strategy to influence oncogenic activity in TNBC cells and enrich CSC populations in planar cultures. Such a culture strategy may benefit high-throughput screening studies seeking to identify compounds with broader tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maribella Domenech
- Bioengineering Program, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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10
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Spindler V, Gerull B, Green KJ, Kowalczyk AP, Leube R, Marian AJ, Milting H, Müller EJ, Niessen C, Payne AS, Schlegel N, Schmidt E, Strnad P, Tikkanen R, Vielmuth F, Waschke J. Meeting report - Desmosome dysfunction and disease: Alpine desmosome disease meeting. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286226. [PMID: 36594662 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosome diseases are caused by dysfunction of desmosomes, which anchor intermediate filaments (IFs) at sites of cell-cell adhesion. For many decades, the focus of attention has been on the role of actin filament-associated adherens junctions in development and disease, especially cancer. However, interference with the function of desmosomes, their molecular constituents or their attachments to IFs has now emerged as a major contributor to a variety of diseases affecting different tissues and organs including skin, heart and the digestive tract. The first Alpine desmosome disease meeting (ADDM) held in Grainau, Germany, in October 2022 brought together international researchers from the basic sciences with clinical experts from diverse fields to share and discuss their ideas and concepts on desmosome function and dysfunction in the different cell types involved in desmosome diseases. Besides the prototypic desmosomal diseases pemphigus and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, the role of desmosome dysfunction in inflammatory bowel diseases and eosinophilic esophagitis was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Spindler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Rudolf Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Eliane J Müller
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Department for BioMedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carien Niessen
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aimee S Payne
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery University Hospital Würzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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11
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Hegazy M, Koetsier JL, Huffine AL, Broussard JA, Godsel BM, Cohen-Barak E, Sprecher E, Wolfgeher DJ, Kron SJ, Godsel LM, Green KJ. Epidermal stratification requires retromer-mediated desmoglein-1 recycling. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2683-2698.e8. [PMID: 36495876 PMCID: PMC9973369 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sorting transmembrane cargo is essential for tissue development and homeostasis. However, mechanisms of intracellular trafficking in stratified epidermis are poorly understood. Here, we identify an interaction between the retromer endosomal trafficking component, VPS35, and the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein-1 (Dsg1). Dsg1 is specifically expressed in stratified epidermis and, when properly localized on the plasma membrane of basal keratinocytes, promotes stratification. We show that the retromer drives Dsg1 recycling from the endo-lysosomal system to the plasma membrane to support human keratinocyte stratification. The retromer-enhancing chaperone, R55, promotes the membrane localization of Dsg1 and a trafficking-deficient mutant associated with a severe inflammatory skin disorder, enhancing its ability to promote stratification. In the absence of Dsg1, retromer association with and expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 increases, exposing a potential link between Dsg1 deficiency and epidermal metabolism. Our work provides evidence for retromer function in epidermal regeneration, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marihan Hegazy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amber L Huffine
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brendan M Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eran Cohen-Barak
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Donald J Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa M Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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12
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Roth‐Carter QR, Koetsier JL, Broussard JA, Green KJ. Organotypic Human Skin Cultures Incorporating Primary Melanocytes. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e536. [PMID: 36165649 PMCID: PMC9796167 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) human organotypic skin cultures provide a physiologically relevant model that recapitulates in vivo skin features. Most commonly, organotypic skin cultures are created by seeding isolated epidermal keratinocytes onto a collagen/fibroblast plug and lifting to an air liquid interface. These conditions are sufficient to drive stratification and differentiation of the keratinocytes to form an epidermal-like sheet with remarkable similarities to human epidermis. Coupled with genetic or pharmacological treatments, these cultures provide a powerful tool for elucidating keratinocyte biology. Recent focus has been placed on increasing the utility of organotypic skin cultures by incorporating other cell types that are present in the skin, such as melanocytes, immune cells, and other cells. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol for the isolation of neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes from foreskins, and the creation of organotypic skin cultures that include both cell types. We also describe methods that can be used to assess melanocyte behavior in these organotypic cultures, including methods for whole mount staining, measurement of melanocyte dendricity, staining for pigment, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling for identification of proliferating cells. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of primary cells Alternate Protocol: Isolation of primary cells using differential trypsinization Basic Protocol 2: Organotypic culture protocol Support Protocol 1: Culture and maintenance of NHEKs and melanocytes Support Protocol 2: Lentiviral transduction of melanocytes Support Protocol 3: Retroviral transduction of NHEKs Support Protocol 4: Whole mount immunostaining protocol Support Protocol 5: Measuring melanocyte dendricity Support Protocol 6: Fontana-Masson staining protocol Support Protocol 7: BrdU labeling and staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn R. Roth‐Carter
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinois
| | - Jennifer L. Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinois
| | - Joshua A. Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinois
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinois
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinois
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinois
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinois
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinois
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13
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Infante E, Etienne-Manneville S. Intermediate filaments: Integration of cell mechanical properties during migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:951816. [PMID: 35990612 PMCID: PMC9389290 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.951816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a vital and dynamic process required for the development of multicellular organisms and for immune system responses, tissue renewal and wound healing in adults. It also contributes to a variety of human diseases such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation and fibrosis. The cytoskeleton, which includes actin microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IFs), is responsible for the maintenance of animal cell shape and structural integrity. Each cytoskeletal network contributes its unique properties to dynamic cell behaviour, such as cell polarization, membrane protrusion, cell adhesion and contraction. Hence, cell migration requires the dynamic orchestration of all cytoskeleton components. Among these, IFs have emerged as a molecular scaffold with unique mechanical features and a key player in the cell resilience to mechanical stresses during migration through complex 3D environment. Moreover, accumulating evidence illustrates the participation of IFs in signalling cascades and cytoskeletal crosstalk. Teaming up with actin and microtubules, IFs contribute to the active generation of forces required for cell adhesion and mesenchymal migration and invasion. Here we summarize and discuss how IFs integrate mechanical properties and signalling functions to control cell migration in a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological situations.
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14
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Schmitt T, Pircher J, Steinert L, Meier K, Ghoreschi K, Vielmuth F, Kugelmann D, Waschke J. Dsg1 and Dsg3 Composition of Desmosomes Across Human Epidermis and Alterations in Pemphigus Vulgaris Patient Skin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884241. [PMID: 35711465 PMCID: PMC9196036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are important epidermal adhesion units and signalling hubs, which play an important role in pemphigus pathogenesis. Different expression patterns of the pemphigus autoantigens desmoglein (Dsg)1 and Dsg3 across different epidermal layers have been demonstrated. However, little is known about changes in desmosome composition in different epidermal layers or in patient skin. The aim of this study was thus to characterize desmosome composition in healthy and pemphigus skin using super-resolution microscopy. An increasing Dsg1/Dsg3 ratio from lower basal (BL) to uppermost granular layer (GL) was observed. Within BL desmosomes, Dsg1 and Dsg3 were more homogeneously distributed whereas superficial desmosomes mostly comprised one of the two molecules or domains containing either one but not both. Extradesmosomal, desmoplakin (Dp)-independent, co-localization of Dsg3 with plakoglobin (Pg) was found mostly in BL and extradesmosomal Dsg1 co-localization with Pg in all layers. In contrast, in the spinous layer (SL) most Dsg1 and Dsg3 staining was confined to desmosomes, as revealed by the co-localization with Dp. In pemphigus patient skin, Dsg1 and Dsg3 immunostaining was altered especially along blister edges. The number of desmosomes in patient skin was reduced significantly in basal and spinous layer keratinocytes with only few split desmosomes found. In addition, Dsg1-Pg co-localization at the apical BL and Dsg3-Pg co-localization in SL were significantly reduced in patients, suggesting that that extradesmosomal Dsg molecules were affected. These results support the hypothesis that pemphigus is a desmosome assembly disease and may help to explain histopathologic differences between pemphigus phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmitt
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Instiute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München (LMU) Munich, München, Germany
| | - Julia Pircher
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Instiute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München (LMU) Munich, München, Germany
| | - Letyfee Steinert
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Instiute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München (LMU) Munich, München, Germany
| | - Katharina Meier
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berli, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berli, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Instiute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München (LMU) Munich, München, Germany
| | - Daniela Kugelmann
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Instiute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München (LMU) Munich, München, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Instiute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München (LMU) Munich, München, Germany
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15
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Green KJ, Niessen CM, Rübsam M, Perez White BE, Broussard JA. The Desmosome-Keratin Scaffold Integrates ErbB Family and Mechanical Signaling to Polarize Epidermal Structure and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903696. [PMID: 35686051 PMCID: PMC9171019 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While classic cadherin-actin connections in adherens junctions (AJs) have ancient origins, intermediate filament (IF) linkages with desmosomal cadherins arose in vertebrate organisms. In this mini-review, we discuss how overlaying the IF-desmosome network onto the existing cadherin-actin network provided new opportunities to coordinate tissue mechanics with the positioning and function of chemical signaling mediators in the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. We focus in particular on the complex multi-layered outer covering of the skin, the epidermis, which serves essential barrier and stress sensing/responding functions in terrestrial vertebrates. We will review emerging data showing that desmosome-IF connections, AJ-actin interactions, ErbB family members, and membrane tension are all polarized across the multiple layers of the regenerating epidermis. Importantly, their integration generates differentiation-specific roles in each layer of the epidermis that dictate the form and function of the tissue. In the basal layer, the onset of the differentiation-specific desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) dials down EGFR signaling while working with classic cadherins to remodel cortical actin cytoskeleton and decrease membrane tension to promote cell delamination. In the upper layers, Dsg1 and E-cadherin cooperate to maintain high tension and tune EGFR and ErbB2 activity to create the essential tight junction barrier. Our final outlook discusses the emerging appreciation that the desmosome-IF scaffold not only creates the architecture required for skin's physical barrier but also creates an immune barrier that keeps inflammation in check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carien M. Niessen
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Rübsam
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bethany E. Perez White
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joshua A. Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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16
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Broussard JA, Green KJ. Plectin pulls it together, coupling the cortical actin and intermediate filament cytoskeletons. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213012. [PMID: 35175283 PMCID: PMC8973661 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202201054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of cytoskeletal/adhesive networks is critical to epithelial mechanobiology. In this issue, Prechova et al. (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202105146) demonstrate that the cytolinker protein plectin is essential for the construction of a cortical cytoskeletal architecture required for epithelial tensional homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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17
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Yeruva S, Waschke J. Structure and regulation of desmosomes in intercalated discs: Lessons from epithelia. J Anat 2022; 242:81-90. [PMID: 35128661 PMCID: PMC9773171 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For electromechanical coupling of cardiomyocytes, intercalated discs (ICDs) are pivotal as highly specialized intercellular contact areas. ICD consists of adhesive contacts, such as desmosomes and adherens junctions (AJs) that are partially intermingled and thereby form an area composita to provide mechanical strength, as well as gap junctions (GJ) and sodium channels for excitation propagation. In contrast, in epithelia, mixed junctions with features of desmosomes and AJs are regarded as transitory primarily during the formation of desmosomes. The anatomy of desmosomes is defined by a typical ultrastructure with dense intracellular plaques anchoring the cadherin-type adhesion molecules to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Desmosomal diseases characterized by impaired adhesive and signalling functions of desmosomal contacts lead to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy when affecting cardiomyocytes and cause pemphigus when manifesting in keratinocytes or present as cardiocutaneous syndromes when both cell types are targeted by the disease, which underscores the high biomedical relevance of these cell contacts. Therefore, comparative analyses regarding the structure and regulation of desmosomal contacts in cardiomyocytes and epithelial cells are helpful to better understand disease pathogenesis. In this brief review, we describe the structural properties of ICD compared to epithelial desmosomes and suggest that mechanisms regulating adhesion may at least in part be comparable. Also, we discuss whether phenomena such as hyperadhesion or the bidirectional regulation of desmosomes to serve as signalling hubs in epithelial cells may also be relevant for ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yeruva
- Ludwig‐Maximilian‐Universität München, Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl Anatomie I – Vegetative AnatomieMunichGermany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Ludwig‐Maximilian‐Universität München, Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl Anatomie I – Vegetative AnatomieMunichGermany
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18
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Hegazy M, Perl AL, Svoboda SA, Green KJ. Desmosomal Cadherins in Health and Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 17:47-72. [PMID: 34425055 PMCID: PMC8792335 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042320-092912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Desmosomal cadherins are a recent evolutionary innovation that make up the adhesive core of highly specialized intercellular junctions called desmosomes. Desmosomal cadherins, which are grouped into desmogleins and desmocollins, are related to the classical cadherins, but their cytoplasmic domains are tailored for anchoring intermediate filaments instead of actin to sites of cell-cell adhesion. The resulting junctions are critical for resisting mechanical stress in tissues such as the skin and heart. Desmosomal cadherins also act as signaling hubs that promote differentiation and facilitate morphogenesis, creating more complex and effective tissue barriers in vertebrate tissues. Interference with desmosomal cadherin adhesive and supra-adhesive functions leads to a variety of autoimmune, hereditary, toxin-mediated, and malignant diseases. We review our current understanding of how desmosomal cadherins contribute to human health and disease, highlight gaps in our knowledge about their regulation and function, and introduce promising new directions toward combatting desmosome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marihan Hegazy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Abbey L. Perl
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Sophia A. Svoboda
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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19
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Peskoller M, Bhosale A, Göbel K, Löhr J, Miceli S, Perot S, Persa O, Rübsam M, Shah J, Zhang H, Niessen CM. ESDR 50th Anniversary Lecture summary: How to build and regenerate a functional skin barrier: the adhesive and cell shaping travels of a keratinocyte. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1020-1025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Godsel LM, Roth-Carter QR, Koetsier JL, Tsoi LC, Huffine AL, Broussard JA, Fitz GN, Lloyd SM, Kweon J, Burks HE, Hegazy M, Amagai S, Harms PW, Xing X, Kirma J, Johnson JL, Urciuoli G, Doglio LT, Swindell WR, Awatramani R, Sprecher E, Bao X, Cohen-Barak E, Missero C, Gudjonsson JE, Green KJ. Translational implications of Th17-skewed inflammation due to genetic deficiency of a cadherin stress sensor. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:144363. [PMID: 34905516 PMCID: PMC8803337 DOI: 10.1172/jci144363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) is a cadherin restricted to stratified tissues of terrestrial vertebrates, which serve as essential physical and immune barriers. Dsg1 loss-of-function mutations in humans result in skin lesions, multiple allergies, and isolated patient keratinocytes exhibit increased pro-allergic cytokine expression. However, the mechanism by which genetic deficiency of Dsg1 causes chronic inflammation is unknown. To determine the systemic response to Dsg1 loss, we deleted the three tandem Dsg1 genes in mice. Whole transcriptome analysis of embryonic Dsg1-/- skin showed a delay in expression of adhesion/differentiation/keratinization genes at E17.5, a subset of which recovered or increased by E18.5. Comparing epidermal transcriptomes from Dsg1-deficient mice and humans revealed a shared IL-17-skewed inflammatory signature. Although the impaired intercellular adhesion observed in Dsg1-/- mice resembles that resulting from anti-Dsg1 pemphigus foliaceus antibodies, pemphigus skin lesions exhibit a weaker IL-17 signature. Consistent with the clinical importance of these findings, treatment of two Dsg1-deficient patients with an IL-12/IL-23 antagonist originally developed for psoriasis resulted in improvement of skin lesions. Thus, beyond impairing the physical barrier, loss of Dsg1 function through gene mutation results in a psoriatic-like inflammatory signature before birth and treatment with a targeted therapy markedly improved skin lesions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Quinn R Roth-Carter
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Amber L Huffine
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Gillian N Fitz
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Sarah M Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Hope E Burks
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Marihan Hegazy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Saki Amagai
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Joseph Kirma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jodi L Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | | | - Lynn T Doglio
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - William R Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | | | | | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
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21
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Uberoi A, Bartow-McKenney C, Zheng Q, Flowers L, Campbell A, Knight SAB, Chan N, Wei M, Lovins V, Bugayev J, Horwinski J, Bradley C, Meyer J, Crumrine D, Sutter CH, Elias P, Mauldin E, Sutter TR, Grice EA. Commensal microbiota regulates skin barrier function and repair via signaling through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1235-1248.e8. [PMID: 34214492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis forms a barrier that defends the body from desiccation and entry of harmful substances, while also sensing and integrating environmental signals. The tightly orchestrated cellular changes needed for the formation and maintenance of this epidermal barrier occur in the context of the skin microbiome. Using germ-free mice, we demonstrate the microbiota is necessary for proper differentiation and repair of the epidermal barrier. These effects are mediated by microbiota signaling through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in keratinocytes, a xenobiotic receptor also implicated in epidermal differentiation. Mice lacking keratinocyte AHR are more susceptible to barrier damage and infection, during steady-state and epicutaneous sensitization. Colonization with a defined consortium of human skin isolates restored barrier competence in an AHR-dependent manner. We reveal a fundamental mechanism whereby the microbiota regulates skin barrier formation and repair, which has far-reaching implications for the numerous skin disorders characterized by epidermal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Uberoi
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Casey Bartow-McKenney
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Laurice Flowers
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Amy Campbell
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Simon A B Knight
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Neal Chan
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Monica Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Lovins
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Julia Bugayev
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Horwinski
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Charles Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Jason Meyer
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Service, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Debra Crumrine
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Service, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carrie Hayes Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter Elias
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Service, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mauldin
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Thomas R Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
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