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Burks HE, Pokorny JL, Koetsier JL, Roth-Carter QR, Arnette CR, Gerami P, Seykora JT, Johnson JL, Ren Z, Green KJ. Melanoma cells repress Desmoglein 1 in keratinocytes to promote tumor cell migration. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202212031. [PMID: 37733372 PMCID: PMC10512973 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202212031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive cancer typically arising from transformation of melanocytes residing in the basal layer of the epidermis, where they are in direct contact with surrounding keratinocytes. The role of keratinocytes in shaping the melanoma tumor microenvironment remains understudied. We previously showed that temporary loss of the keratinocyte-specific cadherin, Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), controls paracrine signaling between normal melanocytes and keratinocytes to stimulate the protective tanning response. Here, we provide evidence that melanoma cells hijack this intercellular communication by secreting factors that keep Dsg1 expression low in the surrounding keratinocytes, which in turn generate their own paracrine signals that enhance melanoma spread through CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling. Evidence suggests a model whereby paracrine signaling from melanoma cells increases levels of the transcriptional repressor Slug, and consequently decreases expression of the Dsg1 transcriptional activator Grhl1. Together, these data support the idea that paracrine crosstalk between melanoma cells and keratinocytes resulting in chronic keratinocyte Dsg1 reduction contributes to melanoma cell movement associated with tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope E. Burks
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jenny L. Pokorny
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Quinn R. Roth-Carter
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher R. Arnette
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John T. Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jodi L. Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ziyou Ren
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Roth-Carter QR, Burks HE, Ren Z, Koetsier JL, Tsoi LC, Harms PW, Xing X, Kirma J, Harmon RM, Godsel LM, Perl AL, Gudjonsson JE, Green KJ. Transcriptional profiling of rare acantholytic disorders suggests common mechanisms of pathogenesis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168955. [PMID: 37471166 PMCID: PMC10543711 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases are rare acantholytic skin diseases. While these diseases have different underlying causes, they share defects in cell-cell adhesion in the epidermis and desmosome organization. To better understand the underlying mechanisms leading to disease in these conditions, we performed RNA-seq on lesional skin samples from patients. The transcriptomic profiles of Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases were found to share a remarkable overlap, which did not extend to other common inflammatory skin diseases. Analysis of enriched pathways showed a shared increase in keratinocyte differentiation, and a decrease in cell adhesion and actin organization pathways in Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases. Direct comparison to atopic dermatitis and psoriasis showed that the downregulation in actin organization pathways was a unique feature in the acantholytic skin diseases. Furthermore, upstream regulator analysis suggested that a decrease in SRF/MRTF activity was responsible for the downregulation of actin organization pathways. Staining for MRTFA in lesional skin samples showed a decrease in nuclear MRTFA in patient skin compared with normal skin. These findings highlight the significant level of similarity in the transcriptome of Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases, and identify decreases in actin organization pathways as a unique signature present in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziyou Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics
- Department of Biostatistics, and
| | - Paul W. Harms
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lisa M. Godsel
- Department of Pathology, and
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, and
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Tong X, Burks HE, Ren Z, Koetsier JL, Roth-Carter QR, Green KJ. Crosstalk in skin: Loss of desmoglein 1 in keratinocytes inhibits BRAF V600E-induced cellular senescence in human melanocytes. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.16.528886. [PMID: 36824910 PMCID: PMC9949056 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma arises from transformation of melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis where they are surrounded by keratinocytes, with which they interact through cell contact and paracrine communication. Considerable effort has been devoted to determining how the accumulation of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations in melanocytes drive melanoma development. However, the extent to which alterations in keratinocytes that occur in the developing tumor niche serve as extrinsic drivers of melanoma initiation and progression is poorly understood. We recently identified the keratinocyte-specific cadherin, desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), as an important mediator of keratinocyte:melanoma cell crosstalk, demonstrating that its chronic loss, which can occur through melanoma cell-dependent paracrine signaling, promotes behaviors that mimic a malignant phenotype. Here we address the extent to which Dsg1 loss affects early steps in melanomagenesis. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that paracrine signals from Dsg1-deficient keratinocytes mediate a transcriptional switch from a differentiated to undifferentiated cell state in melanocytes expressing BRAFV600E, a driver mutation commonly present in both melanoma and benign nevi and reported to cause growth arrest and oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). Of ~220 differentially expressed genes in BRAFV600E cells treated with Dsg1-deficient conditioned media (CM), the laminin superfamily member NTN4/Netrin-4, which inhibits senescence in endothelial cells, stood out. Indeed, while BRAFV600E melanocytes treated with Dsg1-deficient CM showed signs of senescence bypass as assessed by increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and decreased p16, knockdown of NTN4 reversed these effects. These results suggest that Dsg1 loss in keratinocytes provides an extrinsic signal to push melanocytes towards oncogenic transformation once an initial mutation has been introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hope E. Burks
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ziyou Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jennifer L. Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Quinn R. Roth-Carter
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Godsel LM, Roth-Carter QR, Koetsier JL, Tsoi LC, Huffine AL, Broussard JA, Fitz GN, Lloyd SM, Kweon J, Burks HE, Hegazy M, Amagai S, Harms PW, Xing X, Kirma J, Johnson JL, Urciuoli G, Doglio LT, Swindell WR, Awatramani R, Sprecher E, Bao X, Cohen-Barak E, Missero C, Gudjonsson JE, Green KJ. Translational implications of Th17-skewed inflammation due to genetic deficiency of a cadherin stress sensor. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:144363. [PMID: 34905516 PMCID: PMC8803337 DOI: 10.1172/jci144363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) is a cadherin restricted to stratified tissues of terrestrial vertebrates, which serve as essential physical and immune barriers. Dsg1 loss-of-function mutations in humans result in skin lesions, multiple allergies, and isolated patient keratinocytes exhibit increased pro-allergic cytokine expression. However, the mechanism by which genetic deficiency of Dsg1 causes chronic inflammation is unknown. To determine the systemic response to Dsg1 loss, we deleted the three tandem Dsg1 genes in mice. Whole transcriptome analysis of embryonic Dsg1-/- skin showed a delay in expression of adhesion/differentiation/keratinization genes at E17.5, a subset of which recovered or increased by E18.5. Comparing epidermal transcriptomes from Dsg1-deficient mice and humans revealed a shared IL-17-skewed inflammatory signature. Although the impaired intercellular adhesion observed in Dsg1-/- mice resembles that resulting from anti-Dsg1 pemphigus foliaceus antibodies, pemphigus skin lesions exhibit a weaker IL-17 signature. Consistent with the clinical importance of these findings, treatment of two Dsg1-deficient patients with an IL-12/IL-23 antagonist originally developed for psoriasis resulted in improvement of skin lesions. Thus, beyond impairing the physical barrier, loss of Dsg1 function through gene mutation results in a psoriatic-like inflammatory signature before birth and treatment with a targeted therapy markedly improved skin lesions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Quinn R Roth-Carter
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Amber L Huffine
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Gillian N Fitz
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Sarah M Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Hope E Burks
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Marihan Hegazy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Saki Amagai
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Joseph Kirma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jodi L Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | | | - Lynn T Doglio
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - William R Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | | | | | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
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5
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Burks HE, Arnette CR, Koetsier JL, Broussard JA, Ogwo V, Roth-Carter QR, Gerami P, Johnson JL, Green KJ. Abstract PR07: The role of keratinocyte desmoglein 1 in shaping the melanoma tumor niche. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.mel2019-pr07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive cancer arising from transformation of melanocytes residing in the basal layer of the epidermis, where they are in direct contact with surrounding keratinocytes. Keratinocytes and melanocytes communicate through both contact and paracrine signaling, a niche called the pigmentary unit. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced melanocyte mutations drive melanoma formation and progression, but the role of keratinocytes and an altered microenvironment in melanomagenesis is understudied. We showed that the keratinocyte-specific desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), is reduced in response to acute UV exposure. Here, we show that Dsg1 is progressively reduced in regions surrounding human dysplastic nevi, melanoma in situ, and stage I/II melanomas, preceding loss of E-cadherin that occurs in later stages. Since we previously showed that Dsg1 suppresses EGFR/Erk1/2 signaling and regulates keratinocyte cytokine profiles, we hypothesized that altered keratinocyte Dsg1 expression governs melanocyte behavior and transformation through paracrine signaling. Dsg1 knockdown via shRNA elevated phospho-EGFR, phospho-Stat3, phospho-ERK and nuclear NFκB, accompanied by increases in IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, and CXCL1 proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs and secretion of IL6, IL8, and CXCL1. Melanocytes grown in conditioned media from Dsg1-deficient keratinocytes increased MITF transcription, while AXL transcript levels remained unchanged, a signature associated with early-stage melanoma. Consistent with increased MITF, melanocytes cultured in conditioned media from Dsg1-depleted keratinocytes increased pigment secretion, reversible by inhibiting the melanocortin 1 receptor. Melanocytes incorporated into Dsg1-deficient 3D human skin equivalents mis-localized to suprabasal layers, similar to pagetoid behavior in early melanoma. This, combined with the loss of keratinocyte Dsg1 surrounding human melanoma lesions, led us to examine mechanisms of sustained Dsg1 loss in the tumor niche. Keratinocytes cultured in melanoma cell-conditioned media reduced Dsg1 expression, suggesting that Dsg1 downregulation is maintained by melanoma cells post-transformation. We postulate that keratinocyte Dsg1 downregulation may initially be part of the skin’s protective response against UV exposure through its role in increasing pigmentation. However, chronic Dsg1 loss may contribute to melanoma initiation and be important for the maintenance of the promelanoma tumor niche.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster A02.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Hope E. Burks, Christopher R. Arnette, Jennifer L. Koetsier, Joshua A. Broussard, Valarie Ogwo, Quinn R. Roth-Carter, Pedram Gerami, Jodi L. Johnson, Kathleen J. Green. The role of keratinocyte desmoglein 1 in shaping the melanoma tumor niche [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR07.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope E. Burks
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | - Valarie Ogwo
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Pedram Gerami
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jodi L. Johnson
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Arnette CR, Roth-Carter QR, Koetsier JL, Broussard JA, Burks HE, Cheng K, Amadi C, Gerami P, Johnson JL, Green KJ. Keratinocyte cadherin desmoglein 1 controls melanocyte behavior through paracrine signaling. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:305-317. [PMID: 31563153 PMCID: PMC7028503 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is the first line of defense against ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun. Keratinocytes and melanocytes respond to UV exposure by eliciting a tanning response dependent in part on paracrine signaling, but how keratinocyte:melanocyte communication is regulated during this response remains understudied. Here, we uncover a surprising new function for the keratinocyte-specific cell-cell adhesion molecule desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) in regulating keratinocyte:melanocyte paracrine signaling to promote the tanning response in the absence of UV exposure. Melanocytes within Dsg1-silenced human skin equivalents exhibited increased pigmentation and altered dendrite morphology, phenotypes which were confirmed in 2D culture using conditioned media from Dsg1-silenced keratinocytes. Dsg1-silenced keratinocytes increased melanocyte-stimulating hormone precursor (Pomc) and cytokine mRNA. Melanocytes cultured in media conditioned by Dsg1-silenced keratinocytes increased Mitf and Tyrp1 mRNA, TYRP1 protein, and melanin production and secretion. Melanocytes in Dsg1-silenced skin equivalents mislocalized suprabasally, reminiscent of early melanoma pagetoid behavior. Together with our previous report that UV reduces Dsg1 expression, these data support a role for Dsg1 in controlling keratinocyte:melanocyte paracrine communication and raise the possibility that a Dsg1-deficient niche contributes to pagetoid behavior, such as occurs in early melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Arnette
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Quinn R. Roth-Carter
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jennifer L. Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua A. Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hope E. Burks
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen Cheng
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christine Amadi
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jodi L. Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Drake MG, Lebold KM, Roth-Carter QR, Pincus AB, Blum ED, Proskocil BJ, Jacoby DB, Fryer AD, Nie Z. Eosinophil and airway nerve interactions in asthma. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:61-67. [PMID: 29633324 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr1117-426r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway eosinophils are increased in asthma and are especially abundant around airway nerves. Nerves control bronchoconstiction and in asthma, airway hyperreactivity (where airways contract excessively to inhaled stimuli) develops when eosinophils alter both parasympathetic and sensory nerve function. Eosinophils release major basic protein, which is an antagonist of inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors on parasympathetic nerves. Loss of M2 receptor inhibition potentiates parasympathetic nerve-mediated bronchoconstriction. Eosinophils also increase sensory nerve responsiveness by lowering neurons' activation threshold, stimulating nerve growth, and altering neuropeptide expression. Since sensory nerves activate parasympathetic nerves via a central neuronal reflex, eosinophils' effects on both sensory and parasympathetic nerves potentiate bronchoconstriction. This review explores recent insights into mechanisms and effects of eosinophil and airway nerve interactions in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Katherine M Lebold
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Quinn R Roth-Carter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alexandra B Pincus
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Emily D Blum
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Becky J Proskocil
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David B Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zhenying Nie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Roth-Carter QR, Jacoby DB, Nie Z. Interactions of eosinophils with nerves. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1178:215-29. [PMID: 24986620 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1016-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Coculture of eosinophils and nerves is a powerful tool in determining the interactions between the two cell types. We have developed methods for culture of parasympathetic ganglia and dorsal root ganglia from humans, and we have further refined the technique to coculture with eosinophils. Here we describe methods for coculturing primary parasympathetic ganglia or dorsal root ganglia with eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn R Roth-Carter
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L334, 97239-3098, Portland, OR, USA,
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Zhu X, Krasnow SM, Roth-Carter QR, Levasseur PR, Braun TP, Grossberg AJ, Marks DL. Hypothalamic signaling in anorexia induced by indispensable amino acid deficiency. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E1446-58. [PMID: 23047987 PMCID: PMC3532465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00427.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Animals exhibit a rapid and sustained anorexia when fed a diet that is deficient in a single indispensable amino acid (IAA). The chemosensor for IAA deficiency resides within the anterior piriform cortex (APC). Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the APC detects IAA deficiency are well established, the efferent neural pathways that reduce feeding in response to an IAA-deficient diet remain to be fully characterized. In the present work, we investigated whether 1) central melanocortin signaling is involved in IAA deficiency-induced anorexia (IAADA) and 2) IAADA engages other key appetite-regulating neuronal populations in the hypothalamus. Rats and mice that consumed a valine-deficient diet (VDD) for 2-3 wk exhibited marked reductions in food intake, body weight, fat and lean body mass, body temperature, and white adipose tissue leptin gene expression, as well as a paradoxical increase in brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein-1 mRNA. Animals consuming the VDD had altered hypothalamic gene expression, typical of starvation. Pharmacological and genetic blockade of central melanocortin signaling failed to increase long-term food intake in this model. Chronic IAA deficiency was associated with a marked upregulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in the lateral hypothalamus, particularly in the parasubthalamic nucleus, an area heavily innervated by efferent projections from the APC. Our observations indicate that the hypothalamic melanocortin system plays a minor role in acute, but not chronic, IAADA and suggest that the restraint on feeding is analogous to that observed after chronic dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Zhu
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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