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Chen J, Wang Y. Understanding the salinity resilience and productivity of halophytes in saline environments. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112171. [PMID: 38969140 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The escalating salinity levels in cultivable soil pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity and, consequently, human sustenance. This problem is being exacerbated by natural processes and human activities, coinciding with a period of rapid population growth. Developing halophytic crops is needed to ensure food security is not impaired and land resources can be used sustainably. Evolution has created many close halophyte relatives of our major glycophytic crops, such as Puccinellia tenuiflora (relative of barley and wheat), Oryza coarctata (relative of rice) and Glycine soja (relative of soybean). There are also some halophytes have been subjected to semi-domestication and are considered as minor crops, such as Chenopodium quinoa. In this paper, we examine the prevailing comprehension of robust salinity resilience in halophytes. We summarize the existing strategies and technologies that equip researchers with the means to enhance the salt tolerance capabilities of primary crops and investigate the genetic makeup of halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; Dalian Practical Biotechnology Co. LTD., Dalian, Liaoning 116200, China.
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Nick P. The truth is hidden in the details. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:607-608. [PMID: 38888618 PMCID: PMC11196352 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nick
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Palacios MB, Rizzo AJ, Heredia TB, Roqueiro G, Maldonado S, Murgida DH, Burrieza HP. Structure, ultrastructure and cation accumulation in quinoa epidermal bladder cell complex under high saline stress. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:655-669. [PMID: 38217740 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa is a facultative halophyte with excellent tolerance to salinity. In this study, the epidermal bladder cell complex (EBCc) of quinoa leaves was studied to determine their cellular characteristics and involvement in salt tolerance. We used light microscopy, confocal RAMAN microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy complemented by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Ionic content was quantified with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and with flame emission photometry. Results show that: (i) the number of EBCcs remains constant but their density and area vary with leaf age; (ii) stalk cells store lipids and exhibit thick walls, bladder cells present carotenes in small vesicles, oxalate crystals in vacuoles and lignin in their walls and both stalk and bladder cells have cuticles that differ in wax and cutin content; (iii) chloroplasts containing starch can be found on both stalk and bladder cells, and the latter also presents grana; (iv) plasmodesmata are observed between the stalk cell and the bladder cell, and between the epidermal cell and the stalk cell, and ectodesmata-like structures are observed on the bladder cell. Under high salinity conditions, (v) there is a clear tendency to accumulate greater amounts of K+ with respect to Na+ in the bladder cell; (vi) stalk cells accumulate similar amounts of K+ and Na+; (vii) Na+ accumulates mainly in the medullary parenchyma of the stem. These results add knowledge about the structure, content, and role of EBCc under salt stress, and surprisingly present the parenchyma of the stem as the main area of Na+ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Palacios
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Axel Joel Rizzo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tatiana Belén Heredia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), San Juan, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Roqueiro
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), San Juan, Argentina
| | - Sara Maldonado
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Horacio Murgida
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Pablo Burrieza
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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LoPresti E. Plant physiology: The overturning of assumed functional relevance of 'salt' bladders. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R1144-R1145. [PMID: 37935125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the function of epidermal bladder cells in quinoa and iceplant was thought to be physiological because of their function in a related species. Exciting new research carefully demolishes that assumption, suggesting that these structures serve primarily biotic defense roles, setting up a great many interesting, important questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric LoPresti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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