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Displacement Mechanomyography Reflects Mechanical Pedaling Force of Muscle Associated with Changes in Cadence and Work Rate During Pedaling. J Med Biol Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-022-00752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Murray AA. Variability and the form-function framework in evolutionary biomechanics and human locomotion. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2022; 4:e29. [PMID: 37588899 PMCID: PMC10426129 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The form-function conceptual framework, which assumes a strong relationship between the structure of a particular trait and its function, has been crucial for understanding morphological variation and locomotion among extant and fossil species across many disciplines. In biological anthropology, it is the lens through which many important questions and hypotheses have been tackled with respect to relationships between morphology and locomotor kinematics, energetics and performance. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that the morphologies of fossil hominins, apes and humans can confer considerable locomotor diversity and flexibility, and can do so with a range of kinematics depending on soft tissue plasticity and environmental and cultural factors. This complexity is not built into traditional biomechanical or mathematical models of relationships between structure and kinematics or energetics, limiting our interpretation of what bone structure is telling us about behaviour in the past. The nine papers presented in this Special Collection together address some of the challenges that variation in the relationship between form and function pose in evolutionary biomechanics, to better characterise the complexity linking structure and function and to provide tools through which we may begin to incorporate some of this complexity into our functional interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A. Murray
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Cornett Building Room B228, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, CanadaV8P 5C2
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Stieglitz J, Hooper PL, Trumble BC, Kaplan H, Gurven MD. Productivity loss associated with functional disability in a contemporary small-scale subsistence population. eLife 2020; 9:e62883. [PMID: 33259289 PMCID: PMC7744098 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In comparative cross-species perspective, humans experience unique physical impairments with potentially large consequences. Quantifying the burden of impairment in subsistence populations is critical for understanding selection pressures underlying strategies that minimize risk of production deficits. We examine among forager-horticulturalists whether compromised bone strength (indicated by fracture and lower bone mineral density, BMD) is associated with subsistence task cessation. We also estimate the magnitude of productivity losses associated with compromised bone strength. Fracture is associated with cessation of hunting, tree chopping, and walking long distances, but not tool manufacture. Age-specific productivity losses from hunting cessation associated with fracture and lower BMD are substantial: ~397 lost kcals/day, with expected future losses of up to 1.9 million kcals (22% of expected production). Productivity loss is thus substantial for high strength and endurance tasks. Determining the extent to which impairment obstructs productivity in contemporary subsistence populations improves our ability to infer past consequences of impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stieglitz
- Université Toulouse 1 CapitoleToulouseFrance
- Institute for Advanced Study in ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Paul L Hooper
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, 1 University DriveOrangeUnited States
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Life Sciences C, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, 1 University DriveOrangeUnited States
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
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Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Finch CE, Li D, Budoff MJ, Kaplan H, Gurven MD. Computed tomography shows high fracture prevalence among physically active forager-horticulturalists with high fertility. eLife 2019; 8:48607. [PMID: 31418688 PMCID: PMC6726459 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern humans have more fragile skeletons than other hominins, which may result from physical inactivity. Here, we test whether reproductive effort also compromises bone strength, by measuring using computed tomography thoracic vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture prevalence among physically active Tsimane forager-horticulturalists. Earlier onset of reproduction and shorter interbirth intervals are associated with reduced BMD for women. Tsimane BMD is lower versus Americans, but only for women, contrary to simple predictions relying on inactivity to explain skeletal fragility. Minimal BMD differences exist between Tsimane and American men, suggesting that systemic factors other than fertility (e.g. diet) do not easily explain Tsimane women's lower BMD. Tsimane fracture prevalence is also higher versus Americans. Lower BMD increases Tsimane fracture risk, but only for women, suggesting a role of weak bone in women's fracture etiology. Our results highlight the role of sex-specific mechanisms underlying skeletal fragility that operate long before menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stieglitz
- Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France.,Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States.,School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | | | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Dong Li
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, United States
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, United States
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
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Yousef S, Ali S, Abdelnaby MA, Christova D, Hassan Y, Samir D, Kamel B. Synthesis and characterization of CNTs/POM nanocomposite acetabular hip cup. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1362641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samy Yousef
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Production Engineering and Printing Technology, Akhbar Elyom Academy Egypt, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shady Ali
- Department of Mechatronics, Canadian International College, Fifth Settlement, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ali Abdelnaby
- Department of Production Engineering and Printing Technology, Akhbar Elyom Academy Egypt, Giza, Egypt
| | - D. Christova
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Y. Hassan
- Department of Production Engineering and Printing Technology, Akhbar Elyom Academy Egypt, Giza, Egypt
| | - D. Samir
- Department of Production Engineering and Printing Technology, Akhbar Elyom Academy Egypt, Giza, Egypt
| | - B. Kamel
- Department of Production Engineering and Printing Technology, Akhbar Elyom Academy Egypt, Giza, Egypt
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Subburaj K, Souza RB, Wyman BT, Le Graverand-Gastineau MPH, Li X, Link TM, Majumdar S. Changes in MR relaxation times of the meniscus with acute loading: an in vivo pilot study in knee osteoarthritis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 41:536-43. [PMID: 24347310 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate changes in T1ρ and T2 relaxation times in the meniscal body with acute loading using MRI in osteoarthritic knees and to compare these findings with those of age-matched healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female subjects above 40 years of age with (N1 = 20) and without osteoarthritis (OA) (N2 = 10) were imaged on a 3 Tesla MR scanner using a custom made loading device. MR images were acquired, with the knee flexed at 20°, with and without a compressive load of 50% of the subject's bodyweight. The subjects were categorized based on the radiographic evidence of OA. Three different zones (outer, middle, and inner) of meniscus body were defined (each occupying 1/3rd the width). After adjusting for age and body mass index in the general linear regression model, repeated measures analysis of variance was used to detect significant differences in T1ρ and T2 with and without loading. RESULTS In the unloaded condition, the average T1ρ and T2 times were elevated in the outer and middle zones of the medial meniscus in OA subjects compared with the controls. In the loaded condition, T1ρ and T2 times of the outer zone of the medial meniscus was significantly elevated in OA subjects compared with controls. Finally the change (from unloaded to loaded) was significantly higher in controls than OA subjects (15.1% versus 8.3%; P = 0.039 for ΔT1ρ , and 11.5% versus 6.9%, P = 0.049 for ΔT2 ). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that while the OA process appears to affect the relaxation times of all regions within the meniscus, it may affect some regions sooner or to a greater degree. Furthermore, the differences in the change in relaxation times between unloaded and loaded conditions may reveal evidence about load transmission failure of the outer zone of the medial meniscus in subjects with knee OA. It is possible that these metrics (ΔT1ρ and ΔT2 ) may be valuable as an early biomechanical biomarker, which could be used to predict load transmission to the underlying articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karupppasamy Subburaj
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Zhou FY, Wang BL, Qiu KJ, Li L, Lin JP, Li HF, Zheng YF. Microstructure, mechanical property, corrosion behavior, and in vitro biocompatibility of Zr-Mo alloys. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 101:237-46. [PMID: 23143798 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, and in vitro biocompatibility of Zr-Mo alloys as a function of Mo content after solution treatment were systemically investigated to assess their potential use in biomedical application. The experimental results indicated that Zr-1Mo alloy mainly consisted of an acicular structure of α' phase, while ω phase formed in Zr-3Mo alloy. In Zr-5Mo alloy, retained β phase and a small amount of precipitated α phase were observed. Only the retained β phase was obtained in Zr-10Mo alloy. Zr-1Mo alloy exhibited the greatest hardness, bending strength, and modulus among all experimental Zr-Mo alloys, while β phase Zr-10Mo alloy had a low modulus. The results of electrochemical corrosion indicated that adding Mo into Zr improved its corrosion resistance which resulted in increasing the thermodynamic stability and passivity of zirconium. The cytotoxicity test suggested that the extracts of the studied Zr-Mo alloys produced no significant deleterious effect to fibroblast cells (L-929) and osteoblast cells (MG 63), indicating an excellent in vitro biocompatibility. Based on these facts, certain Zr-Mo alloys potentially suitable for different biomedical applications were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
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Yue B, Varadarajan KM, Ai S, Tang T, Rubash HE, Li G. Gender differences in the knees of Chinese population. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2011; 19:80-8. [PMID: 20407755 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-010-1139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to characterize the geometry of the distal femur and proximal tibia in the Chinese population. Three-dimensional models of twenty female and twenty male knees were constructed using CT images. The morphologic measurements of the distal femur included mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior dimension of medial and lateral condyles (MAP, LAP), femoral aspect ratio (ML/LAP), medial and lateral condylar width, intercondylar notch width, notch width index (NWI), and trochlear groove orientation. The sagittal profiles of the medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaus were also characterized. The results showed that the size of the distal femur of the females was significantly smaller than that of the males. Furthermore, when normalized by LAP, the females had a significantly narrower distal femur (ML), and a shorter MAP compared to the males. In the sagittal plane, the radius of the lateral distal circle of the femur was significantly smaller than that of the medial condyle in both genders. There were no significant gender differences in the proximal tibial geometry. The data of the present study may enable suitable modification of total knee prosthesis sizing/geometry for Asia-Pacific patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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