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Mustafa M, Abbas K, Alam M, Ahmad W, Moinuddin, Usmani N, Siddiqui SA, Habib S. Molecular pathways and therapeutic targets linked to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:895-913. [PMID: 37247161 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth, abnormal morphology, and altered proliferation. Cancerous cells lose their ability to act as anchors, allowing them to spread throughout the body and infiltrate nearby cells, tissues, and organs. If these cells are not identified and treated promptly, they will likely spread. Around 70% of female breast cancers are caused by a mutation in the BRCA gene, specifically BRCA1. The absence of progesterone, oestrogen and HER2 receptors (human epidermal growth factor) distinguishes the TNBC subtype of breast cancer. There were approximately 6,85,000 deaths worldwide and 2.3 million new breast cancer cases in women in 2020. Breast cancer is the most common cancer globally, affecting 7.8 million people at the end of 2020. Compared to other cancer types, breast cancer causes more women to lose disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Worldwide, women can develop breast cancer at any age after puberty, but rates increase with age. The maintenance of mammary stem cell stemness is disrupted in TNBC, governed by signalling cascades controlling healthy mammary gland growth and development. Interpreting these essential cascades may facilitate an in-depth understanding of TNBC cancer and the search for an appropriate therapeutic target. Its treatment remains challenging because it lacks specific receptors, which renders hormone therapy and medications ineffective. In addition to radiotherapy, numerous recognized chemotherapeutic medicines are available as inhibitors of signalling pathways, while others are currently undergoing clinical trials. This article summarizes the vital druggable targets, therapeutic approaches, and strategies associated with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Kashif Abbas
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mudassir Alam
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Waleem Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Nazura Usmani
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shahid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Radiotherapy, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Bigos KJA, Quiles CG, Lunj S, Smith DJ, Krause M, Troost EGC, West CM, Hoskin P, Choudhury A. Tumour response to hypoxia: understanding the hypoxic tumour microenvironment to improve treatment outcome in solid tumours. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1331355. [PMID: 38352889 PMCID: PMC10861654 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1331355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumours affecting their biology and response to therapy. One of the main transcription factors activated by hypoxia is hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which regulates the expression of genes involved in various aspects of tumourigenesis including proliferative capacity, angiogenesis, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, and cell migration. This can negatively impact patient outcomes by inducing therapeutic resistance. The importance of hypoxia is clearly demonstrated by continued research into finding clinically relevant hypoxia biomarkers, and hypoxia-targeting therapies. One of the problems is the lack of clinically applicable methods of hypoxia detection, and lack of standardisation. Additionally, a lot of the methods of detecting hypoxia do not take into consideration the complexity of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment (TME). Therefore, this needs further elucidation as approximately 50% of solid tumours are hypoxic. The ECM is important component of the hypoxic TME, and is developed by both cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumour cells. However, it is important to distinguish the different roles to develop both biomarkers and novel compounds. Fibronectin (FN), collagen (COL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are important components of the ECM that create ECM fibres. These fibres are crosslinked by specific enzymes including lysyl oxidase (LOX) which regulates the stiffness of tumours and induces fibrosis. This is partially regulated by HIFs. The review highlights the importance of understanding the role of matrix stiffness in different solid tumours as current data shows contradictory results on the impact on therapeutic resistance. The review also indicates that further research is needed into identifying different CAF subtypes and their exact roles; with some showing pro-tumorigenic capacity and others having anti-tumorigenic roles. This has made it difficult to fully elucidate the role of CAFs within the TME. However, it is clear that this is an important area of research that requires unravelling as current strategies to target CAFs have resulted in worsened prognosis. The role of immune cells within the tumour microenvironment is also discussed as hypoxia has been associated with modulating immune cells to create an anti-tumorigenic environment. Which has led to the development of immunotherapies including PD-L1. These hypoxia-induced changes can confer resistance to conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the impact of hypoxia on the TME and its implications for therapy resistance. It also discusses the potential of hypoxia biomarkers as prognostic and predictive indictors of treatment response, as well as the challenges and opportunities of targeting hypoxia in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla JA. Bigos
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Conrado G. Quiles
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sapna Lunj
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle J. Smith
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther GC. Troost
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Radiooncology and Clinical Radiotherapy and Image-guided High Precision Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Rossendorf, Germany
| | - Catharine M. West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Germany
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Magadeeva S, Qian X, Korff N, Flörkemeier I, Hedemann N, Rogmans C, Forster M, Arnold N, Maass N, Bauerschlag DO, Weimer JP. Assessing the Phenotype of a Homologous Recombination Deficiency Using High Resolution Array-Based Comparative Genome Hybridization in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17467. [PMID: 38139296 PMCID: PMC10743768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) cells with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) accumulate genomic scars (LST, TAI, and LOH) over a value of 42 in sum. PARP inhibitors can treat OC with HRD. The detection of HRD can be done directly by imaging these genomic scars, or indirectly by detecting mutations in the genes involved in HR. We show that HRD detection is also possible using high-resolution aCGH. A total of 30 OCs were analyzed retrospectively with high-resolution arrays as a test set and 19 OCs prospectively as a validation set. Mutation analysis was performed by HBOC TruRisk V2 panel to detect HR-relevant mutations. CNVs were clustered with respect to the involved HR genes versus the OC cases. In prospective validation, the HRD status determined by aCGH was compared with external HRD assessments. Two BRCA mutation carriers did not have HRD. OC could approximately differentiate into two groups with characteristic CNV patterns with different survival rates. Mutation frequencies have a linear regression on the HRD score. Mutations in individual HR-relevant genes do not always indicate HRD. This may depend on the mutation frequency in tumor cells. The aCGH shows the genomic scars of an HRD inexpensively and directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Magadeeva
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Xueqian Qian
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nadine Korff
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Inken Flörkemeier
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina Hedemann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Rogmans
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk O. Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg P. Weimer
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Bui TQ, Dat TTH, Quy PT, Hai NTT, Thai NM, Phu NV, Tuan LV, Huynh LK, Li MS, Nhung NTA. Identification of potential anti-hyperglycemic compounds in Cordyceps militaris ethyl acetate extract: in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37997953 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris has been long known for valuable health benefits by folk experience and was recently reported with diabetes-tackling evidences, thus deserving extending efforts on screening for component-activity relationship. In this study, experiments were carried out to find the evidence, justification, and input for computations on the potential against diabetes-related protein structures: PDB-4W93, PDB-3W37, and PDB-4A3A. Liquid chromatography identified 14 bioactive compounds in the ethyl acetate extract (1-14) and quantified the contents of cordycepin (0.11%) and adenosine (0.01%). Bioassays revealed the overall potential of the extract against α-amylase (IC50 = 6.443 ± 0.364 mg.mL-1) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 2.580 ± 0.194 mg.mL-1). A combination of different computational platforms was used to select the most promising candidates for applications as anti-diabetic bio-inhibitors, i.e. 1 (ground state: -888.49715 a.u.; dipole moment 3.779 Debye; DS ¯ -12.3 kcal.mol-1; polarizability 34.7 Å3; logP - 1.30), 10 (ground state: -688.52406 a.u.; dipole moment 5.487 Debye; DS ¯ -12.6 kcal.mol-1; polarizability 24.9 Å3; logP - 3.39), and 12 (ground state: -1460.07276 a.u.; dipole moment 3.976 Debye; DS ¯ -12.5 kcal.mol-1; polarizability 52.4 Å3; logP - 4.39). The results encourage further experimental tests on cordycepin (1), mannitol (10), and adenosylribose (12) to validate their in-practice diabetes-related activities, thus conducive to hypoglycemic applications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Q Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Ton That Huu Dat
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hue, Vietnam
| | - Phan Tu Quy
- Department of Natural Sciences & Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Dak Lak, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vinh Phu
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Tuan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Lam K Huynh
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
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Maeda J, Shellenberger KD, Kurihara W, Haga T, Kato TA. Sulfoquinovosyl acylpropanediol (SQAP): Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism and enhanced cytotoxicity in homologous recombination repair-deficient Chinese hamster-derived cells. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 892:503703. [PMID: 37973295 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoquinovosyl acylpropanediol (SQAP; a synthetic derivative of the sulfoglycolipid natural product sulfoquinovosyl acylglycerol, SQAG), has anti-tumor and radiosensitizing activities in tumor xenograft mouse models. Here, we have studied the PARP inhibitory activity of SQAP and synthetic lethality in BRCA2-deficient cells. In initial screening studies with DNA repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells, homologous recombination repair-deficient cell lines showed increased sensitivity to SQAP, compared to wild-type cells or other DNA repair-deficient mutants. Chinese hamster lung V79 cells and the derivative cell lines V-C8 (BRCA2-deficient) and V-C8 + BRCA2 gene corrections were used to test the role of BRCA2 in SQAP cytotoxicity. The findings were confirmed in studies of the human colon cancer cell lines DLD-1 and its BRCA2-knockout derivative. SQAP inhibited the enzymes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). SQAP pretreatment decreased H2O2induced poly(ADP-ribose) formation in V79 cells. SQAP caused DNA double-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations in V79 BRCA2-mutated cells but did not affect cells in the G2 phase. We have demonstrated that SQAP induces synthetic lethality in BRCA2-deficient Chinese hamster-derived cells via its effects on poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism, motivating further examination of its therapeutic potential, especially against tumors that are deficient in homologous recombination repair due to mutations in BRCA2 or other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Maeda
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kaitlyn D Shellenberger
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Wataru Kurihara
- M.T.3 (Malignant Tumor Treatment Technologies) Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Haga
- M.T.3 (Malignant Tumor Treatment Technologies) Inc, Tokyo, Japan; M.T.3USA, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Takamitsu A Kato
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Zhu QY, Li PC, Zhu YF, Pan JN, Wang R, Li XL, Ye WW, Ding XW, Wang XJ, Cao WM. A comprehensive analysis of Fanconi anemia genes in Chinese patients with high-risk hereditary breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14303-14313. [PMID: 37566130 PMCID: PMC10590287 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four Fanconi anemia (FA) genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2 and RAD51C) are defined as breast cancer (BC) susceptibility genes. Other FA genes have been inconsistently associated with BC. Thus, the role of other FA genes in BC should be explored in specific populations. METHODS Mutations in 16 FA genes were screened with a 98-gene panel sequencing assay in a cohort of 1481 Chinese patients with high-risk hereditary BC. The association between mutations and clinicopathological characteristics as well as prognosis was analyzed. The risk of BC in carriers of FA gene mutations was assessed in the Genome Aggregation Database and the Westlake Biobank for Chinese cohort. RESULTS A total of 2.57% (38/1481) BC patients were identified who had 12 other FA gene germline mutations. Among them, the most frequently mutated gene was FANCA (8/1481, 0.54%). These 38 patients carried 35 distinct pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, of which 21 were novel. We found one rare FANCB deleterious variant (c.1327-3dupT) in our cohort. There was a statistically significant difference in lymph node status between FA gene mutation carriers and non-carriers (p = 0.041). We observed a trend that mutation carriers had larger tumor sizes, lower estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity rates, and lower 3.5-year invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) rates than non-carriers (tumor size > 2 cm: 51.43% vs. 45.63%; ER positivity rates: 51.43% vs. 60.81%; PR positivity rates: 48.57% vs. 55.16%; 3.5-year iDFS rates: 58.8% vs. 66.7%; 3.5-year DRFS rates: 58.8% vs. 68.8%). The frequency of the mutations in FANCD2, FANCM and BRIP1 trended to be higher among BC cases than that in controls (p = 0.055, 0.08 and 0.08, respectively). CONCLUSION This study comprehensively estimated the prevalence, clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis and risk of BC associated with deleterious variants in FA genes in Chinese high-risk hereditary BC patients. It enriches our understanding of the role of FA genes with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu-Chun Li
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jia-Ni Pan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wu Ye
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ming Cao
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Lavi ES, Lin ZP, Ratner ES. Gene expression of non-homologous end-joining pathways in the prognosis of ovarian cancer. iScience 2023; 26:107934. [PMID: 37810216 PMCID: PMC10558711 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy in women, with a 46% five-year overall survival rate. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) genes on clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer patients. To determine if these genes act as prognostic biomarkers of mortality and disease progression, the expression profiles of 48 NHEJ-associated genes were analyzed using an array of statistical and machine learning techniques: logistic regression models, decision trees, naive-Bayes, two sample t-tests, support vector machines, hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis, and neural networks. In this process, the correlation of genes with patient survival and disease progression and recurrence was noted. Also, multiple features from the gene set were found to have significant predictive capabilities. APTX, BRCA1, PAXX, LIG1, and TP53 were identified as most important out of all the candidate genes for predicting clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan S. Lavi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Z. Ping Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Elena S. Ratner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Wu K, Karapetyan E, Schloss J, Vadgama J, Wu Y. Advancements in small molecule drug design: A structural perspective. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103730. [PMID: 37536390 PMCID: PMC10543554 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we outline recent advancements in small molecule drug design from a structural perspective. We compare protein structure prediction methods and explore the role of the ligand binding pocket in structure-based drug design. We examine various structural features used to optimize drug candidates, including functional groups, stereochemistry, and molecular weight. Computational tools such as molecular docking and virtual screening are discussed for predicting and optimizing drug candidate structures. We present examples of drug candidates designed based on their molecular structure and discuss future directions in the field. By effectively integrating structural information with other valuable data sources, we can improve the drug discovery process, leading to the identification of novel therapeutics with improved efficacy, specificity, and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eduard Karapetyan
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - John Schloss
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA 90755, USA
| | - Jaydutt Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA 90755, USA.
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Yang H, Lachtara EM, Ran X, Hopkins J, Patel PS, Zhu X, Xiao Y, Phoon L, Gao B, Zou L, Lawrence MS, Lan L. The RNA m5C modification in R-loops as an off switch of Alt-NHEJ. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6114. [PMID: 37777505 PMCID: PMC10542358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of R-loops and RNA modifications in homologous recombination (HR) and other DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair pathways remain poorly understood. Here, we find that DNA damage-induced RNA methyl-5-cytosine (m5C) modification in R-loops plays a crucial role to regulate PARP1-mediated poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) and the choice of DSB repair pathways at sites of R-loops. Through bisulfite sequencing, we discover that the methyltransferase TRDMT1 preferentially generates m5C after DNA damage in R-loops across the genome. In the absence of m5C, R-loops activate PARP1-mediated PARylation both in vitro and in cells. Concurrently, m5C promotes transcription-coupled HR (TC-HR) while suppressing PARP1-dependent alternative non-homologous end joining (Alt-NHEJ), favoring TC-HR over Alt-NHEJ in transcribed regions as the preferred repair pathway. Importantly, simultaneous disruption of both TC-HR and Alt-NHEJ with TRDMT1 and PARP or Polymerase θ inhibitors prevents alternative DSB repair and exhibits synergistic cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, suggesting an effective strategy to exploit genomic instability in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Lachtara
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Ran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Hopkins
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Parasvi S Patel
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yao Xiao
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laiyee Phoon
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Boya Gao
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Lan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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10
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Ravi L, Kumar K A, Kumari G R S, S H, Sam Raj JB, R L, Chinnaiyan P, K C DJ, J K M, Sudhakara D, Dar MS, D M Y, G S. Stearyl palmitate a multi-target inhibitor against breast cancer: in-silico, in-vitro & in-vivo approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37691453 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2255271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Multi-target inhibitors are currently trending in the pharmaceutical research, as they possess increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. In this study multi-target inhibitors for breast cancer are explored from a curated list of natural products, i.e. 4,670 phytochemicals belonging to 360 medicinal plants. In-silico screening of phytochemicals using SeeSAR and AutoDock Vina resulted in identification of Stearyl Palmitate as a potential drug molecule that inhibits three drug targets, i.e. HER-2, MEK-1 and PARP-1 proteins. Molecular Dynamics Simulation for 100 ns each for these three protein-ligand complexes using Desmond, Maestro platform also confirmed the prediction of multi-target inhibition by Stearyl Palmitate. Further in-vitro MTT assay demonstrated that Stearyl Palmitate has a significant IC50 value of 40 µM against MCF-7 cells and >1000 µM against L929 cells. This confirmed that Stearyl Palmitate is having selective cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells in comparison to non-cancerous cells. Fluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that, Stearyl Palmitate is inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells at IC50 concentration. Finally, in-vivo efficacy and toxicity studies were performed using zebrafishes (Danio rerio). It was observed that the fishes treated with IC50 concentration of Stearyl Palmitate demonstrated 2x folds reduction in tumour size, while double dose resulted in 4x folds reduction in tumour size. Stearyl Palmitate did not demonstrate any toxicity or side effects in the zebrafishes. It is concluded that, Stearyl Palmitate, a phytochemical reported to be present in Althea officinalis is a potential anti-breast cancer agent, with ability to inhibit multiple targets such as HER-2, MEK-1 and PARP-2 proteins.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Ravi
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajith Kumar K
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shree Kumari G R
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harsha S
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jabin B Sam Raj
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Likitha R
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prawin Chinnaiyan
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - David Jonnes K C
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Megha J K
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanush Sudhakara
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Musaib Shafi Dar
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yashaswini D M
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sathvik G
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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11
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Thai NM, Dat TTH, Hai NTT, Bui TQ, Phu NV, Quy PT, Triet NT, Pham DT, De Tran V, Nhung NTA. Identification of potential inhibitors against Alzheimer-related proteins in Cordyceps militaris ethanol extract: experimental evidence and computational analyses. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:292. [PMID: 37547918 PMCID: PMC10403485 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were carried out to identify the chemical composition of Cordyceps militaris and reveal the first evidence of their Alzheimer-related potential. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 21 bioactive compounds in the ethanol extract (1-21). High-performance liquid chromatography quantified the content of cordycepin (0.32%). Bioassays revealed the overall anti-Alzheimer potential of the extract against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 115.9 ± 11.16 µg mL-1). Multi-platform computations were utilized to predict the biological inhibitory effects of its phytochemical components against Alzheimer-related protein structures: acetylcholinesterase (PDB-4EY7) and β-amyloid protein (PDB-2LMN). In particular, 7 is considered as a most effective inhibitor predicted by its chemical stability in dipole-based environments (ground state - 467.26302 a.u.; dipole moment 11.598 Debye), inhibitory effectiveness (DS ¯ - 13.6 kcal mol-1), polarized compatibility (polarizability 25.8 Å3; logP - 1.01), and brain penetrability (logBB - 0.244; logPS - 3.047). Besides, 3 is promising as a brain-penetrating agent (logBB - 0.257; logPS - 2.400). The results preliminarily suggest further experimental attempts to verify the pro-cognitive effects of l(-)-carnitine (7). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03714-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - Ton That Huu Dat
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Thanh Q. Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vinh Phu
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Phan Tu Quy
- Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak 630000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Triet
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
| | - Duy Toan Pham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Can Tho, 900000 Vietnam
| | - Van De Tran
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 179 Nguyen Van Cu, Can Tho, 900000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
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12
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Tufail M. DNA repair pathways in breast cancer: from mechanisms to clinical applications. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023:10.1007/s10549-023-06995-z. [PMID: 37289340 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease with various subtypes and genetic alterations that impact DNA repair pathways. Understanding these pathways is essential for developing effective treatments and improving patient outcomes. AREA COVERED This study investigates the significance of DNA repair pathways in breast cancer, specifically focusing on various pathways such as nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, homologous recombination repair, non-homologous end joining, fanconi anemia pathway, translesion synthesis, direct repair, and DNA damage tolerance. The study also examines the role of these pathways in breast cancer resistance and explores their potential as targets for cancer treatment. CONCLUSION Recent advances in targeted therapies have shown promise in exploiting DNA repair pathways for BC treatment. However, much research is needed to improve the efficacy of these therapies and identify new targets. Additionally, personalized treatments that target specific DNA repair pathways based on tumor subtype or genetic profile are being developed. Advances in genomics and imaging technologies can potentially improve patient stratification and identify biomarkers of treatment response. However, many challenges remain, including toxicity, resistance, and the need for more personalized treatments. Continued research and development in this field could significantly improve BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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13
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Kim YH, Kim SB, Choi SH, Nguyen TTL, Ahn SH, Moon KS, Cho KH, Sim TY, Heo EJ, Kim ST, Jung HS, Jee JP, Choi HG, Jang DJ. Development and Evaluation of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Improving Oral Absorption of Poorly Water-Soluble Olaparib. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1669. [PMID: 37376117 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to improve the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble olaparib. Through the solubility test of olaparib in various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants, pharmaceutical excipients were selected. Self-emulsifying regions were identified by mixing the selected materials at various ratios, and a pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed by synthesizing these results. The various physicochemical properties of microemulsion incorporating olaparib were confirmed by investigating the morphology, particle size, zeta potential, drug content and stability. In addition, the improved dissolution and absorption of olaparib were also confirmed through a dissolution test and a pharmacokinetic study. An optimal microemulsion was generated in the formulation of Capmul® MCM 10%, Labrasol® 80% and PEG 400 10%. The fabricated microemulsions were well-dispersed in aqueous solutions, and it was also confirmed that they were maintained well without any problems of physical or chemical stability. The dissolution profiles of olaparib were significantly improved compared to the value of powder. Associated with the high dissolutions of olaparib, the pharmacokinetic parameters were also greatly improved. Taken together with the results mentioned above, the microemulsion could be an effective tool as a formulation for olaparib and other similar drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Han Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Bo Kim
- Bio-Living Engineering Major, Global Leaders College, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee Choi
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Pharmaceutical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sung-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Moon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Hyung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Sim
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Heo
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Pharmaceutical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pil Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Jang
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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14
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Roy R, Ria T, RoyMahaPatra D, Sk UH. Single Inhibitors versus Dual Inhibitors: Role of HDAC in Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16532-16544. [PMID: 37214715 PMCID: PMC10193415 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the multimodal character of cancer, inhibition of two targets simultaneously by a single molecule is a beneficial and effective approach against cancer. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) was widely investigated as a novel category of anticancer drug targets due to its crucial role in various biological processes like cell-proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Numerous HDAC inhibitors such as vorinostat and panobinostat are clinically approved but have limited usage due to their low efficacy, nonselectivity, drug resistance, and toxicity. Therefore, HDACs with a dual targeting ability have attracted great attention. The strategy of combining a HDAC inhibitor with other antitumor agents has been proved advantageous for combating the nonselectivity and drug resistivity problems associated with single-target drugs. Henceforth, we have highlighted dual-targeting inhibitors to target HDAC along with topoisomerase, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and the zeste homolog 2 enzyme. Our Review mainly focuses on the impact of the substituent effect along with the linker variation of well-known HDAC-inhibitor-conjugated anticancer drugs.
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15
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Min Y, Park HB, Baek KH, Hwang S. Cellular Functions of Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Ovarian Adenocarcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040886. [PMID: 37107644 PMCID: PMC10137459 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovarian cancer patients, the 5-year survival rate is 90% for stages I and II, but only 30% for stages III and IV. Unfortunately, as 75% of the patients are diagnosed at stages III and IV, many experience a recurrence. To ameliorate this, it is necessary to develop new biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a post-translational modification that plays an important role in regulating protein stability through ubiquitination. In particular, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) regulate protein stability through deubiquitinating substrate proteins. In this review, DUBs and substrates regulated by these enzymes are summarized based on their functions in ovarian cancer cells. This would be useful for the discovery of biomarkers for ovarian cancer and developing new therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuk Min
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Beom Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Hwang
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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16
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Attenuation of Tumor Burden in Response to Rucaparib in Lung Adenocarcinoma: The Contribution of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032580. [PMID: 36768904 PMCID: PMC9916668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer, overactivation of poly (ADPribose) polymerases (PARP) plays a relevant role in DNA repair. We hypothesized that treatment with the PARP inhibitor rucaparib may reduce tumor burden via several biological mechanisms (apoptosis and oxidative stress) in mice. In lung tumors (LP07 lung adenocarcinoma) of mice treated/non-treated (control animals) with PARP inhibitor (rucaparib,150 mg/kg body weight/24 h for 20 day), PARP activity and expression, DNA damage, apoptotic nuclei, cell proliferation, and redox balance were measured using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. In lung tumors of rucaparib-treated mice compared to non-treated animals, tumor burden, PARP activity, and cell proliferation decreased, while DNA damage, TUNEL-positive nuclei, protein oxidation, and superoxide dismutase content (SOD)2 increased. In this experiment on lung adenocarcinoma, the pharmacological PARP inhibitor rucaparib elicited a significant improvement in tumor size, probably through a reduction in cell proliferation as a result of a rise in DNA damage and apoptosis. Oxidative stress and SOD2 also increased in response to treatment with rucaparib within the tumor cells of the treated mice. These results put the line forward to the contribution of PARP inhibitors to reduced tumor burden in lung adenocarcinoma. The potential implications of these findings should be tested in clinical settings of patients with lung tumors.
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17
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Hallmarks of Cancer Affected by the MIF Cytokine Family. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020395. [PMID: 36672343 PMCID: PMC9856758 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
New diagnostic methods and treatments have significantly decreased the mortality rates of cancer patients, but further improvements are warranted based on the identification of novel tumor-promoting molecules that can serve as therapeutic targets. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family of cytokines, comprising MIF and DDT (also known as MIF2), are overexpressed in almost all cancer types, and their high expressions are related to a worse prognosis for the patients. MIF is involved in 9 of the 10 hallmarks of cancer, and its inhibition by antibodies, nanobodies, or small synthetic molecules has shown promising results. Even though DDT is also proposed to be involved in several of the hallmarks of cancer, the available information about its pro-tumoral role and mechanism of action is more limited. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of both MIF and DDT in cancer, and we propose that blocking both cytokines is needed to obtain the maximum anti-tumor response.
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18
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Yakovlev VA, Sullivan SA, Fields EC, Temkin SM. PARP inhibitors in the treatment of ARID1A mutant ovarian clear cell cancer: PI3K/Akt1-dependent mechanism of synthetic lethality. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124147. [PMID: 36910637 PMCID: PMC9992988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a nuclear enzyme involved in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB). The recent development of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) results from over 45 years of studies. When the activity of PARP1 or PARP2 is compromised, DNA SSB lesions are unresolved and can be converted to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the cellular transcription mechanisms. ARID1A (also called BAF250a) is an important component of the mammalian Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complex. ARID1A gene demonstrates >50% of mutation rate in ovarian clear-cell carcinomas (OCCC). Mutated or downregulated ARID1A significantly compromises the Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) of DNA DSB. Results The present study demonstrated that downregulated or mutated ARID1A attenuates DNA HRR through stimulation of the PI3K/Akt1 pathway and makes tumor cells highly sensitive to PARPi and PARPi/ionizing radiation (IR) combination. We showed that PI3K/Akt1 pathway plays an important role in the sensitization of cancer cell lines with compromised function of ARID1A to PARPi treatment. Discussion We believe that using of PARPi monotherapy or in combination with radiation therapy is an appealing strategy for treating ARID1A-mutated cancers, as well as many other types of PI3K/Akt1-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A Yakovlev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie A Sullivan
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Emma C Fields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Sarah M Temkin
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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19
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Webster SF, Ghalei H. Maturation of small nucleolar RNAs: from production to function. RNA Biol 2023; 20:715-736. [PMID: 37796118 PMCID: PMC10557570 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2254540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small Nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are an abundant group of non-coding RNAs with well-defined roles in ribosomal RNA processing, folding and chemical modification. Besides their classic roles in ribosome biogenesis, snoRNAs are also implicated in several other cellular activities including regulation of splicing, transcription, RNA editing, cellular trafficking, and miRNA-like functions. Mature snoRNAs must undergo a series of processing steps tightly regulated by transiently associating factors and coordinated with other cellular processes including transcription and splicing. In addition to their mature forms, snoRNAs can contribute to gene expression regulation through their derivatives and degradation products. Here, we review the current knowledge on mechanisms of snoRNA maturation, including the different pathways of processing, and the regulatory mechanisms that control snoRNA levels and complex assembly. We also discuss the significance of studying snoRNA maturation, highlight the gaps in the current knowledge and suggest directions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. Webster
- Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Homa Ghalei
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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20
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TÜRKCAN C, AKGÖL S. Polymeric nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of CA 125. Turk J Chem 2022; 47:137-147. [PMID: 37720868 PMCID: PMC10504010 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, Cys-graft-p(HEMA) nanomaterials and a new electrochemical method were developed for determination of CA 125. Cys-graft-p(HEMA) nanomaterials were synthesized with emulsion polymerization method and modified with grafting procedure. It was determined that Cys-graft-p(HEMA) nanomaterials had 50 nm dimension and spherical morphology, and per gram polymeric material contained 0.011 mmol L-cysteine. Electrode surface was prepared step by step for electrochemical analysis with optimization process. Linear determination range was determined as 5-400 U/mL (R= 0.9935). Detection limit (LOD) was calculated as 1.87 U/mL, and quantification limit (LOQ) was determined as 5.62 U/mL. The fabricated sensor system showed good repeatability, accuracy, reality, and storage stability. According to the results obtained, Cys-graft p(HEMA) nanomaterials that is used for the first time in biosensor has the potential to find use in the sector with rapid determination time (10 min), extensive determination range, accuracy of methods. Novelties of this study are rapid analysis, determination range, appropriate of prototype device development, and developing new designed material. Developed material and method can be used in the preliminary diagnosis of the disease and combined with a prototype device that can allow the follow-up of the treatment process in diagnosed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren TÜRKCAN
- Departmet of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İstanbul Arel University, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Sinan AKGÖL
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir,
Turkey
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21
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Mir SA, Hamid L, Bader GN, Shoaib A, Rahamathulla M, Alshahrani MY, Alam P, Shakeel F. Role of Nanotechnology in Overcoming the Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Therapy: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196608. [PMID: 36235145 PMCID: PMC9571152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the globe and is likely to become the major cause of global death in the coming years. As per World Health Organization (WHO) report, every year there are over 10 and 9 million new cases and deaths from this disease. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are the three basic approaches to treating cancer. These approaches are aiming at eradicating all cancer cells with minimum off-target effects on other cell types. Most drugs have serious adverse effects due to the lack of target selectivity. On the other hand, resistance to already available drugs has emerged as a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy, allowing cancer to proliferate irrespective of the chemotherapeutic agent. Consequently, it leads to multidrug resistance (MDR), a growing concern in the scientific community. To overcome this problem, in recent years, nanotechnology-based drug therapies have been explored and have shown great promise in overcoming resistance, with most nano-based drugs being explored at the clinical level. Through this review, we try to explain various mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance in cancer and the role nanotechnology has played in overcoming or reversing this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmad Mir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Laraibah Hamid
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Ghulam Nabi Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Ambreen Shoaib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (F.S.)
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22
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Piernik M, Brzezinski D, Sztromwasser P, Pacewicz K, Majer-Burman W, Gniot M, Sielski D, Bryzghalov O, Wozna A, Zawadzki P. DBFE: distribution-based feature extraction from structural variants in whole-genome data. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:4466-4473. [PMID: 35929780 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Whole-genome sequencing has revolutionized biosciences by providing tools for constructing complete DNA sequences of individuals. With entire genomes at hand, scientists can pinpoint DNA fragments responsible for oncogenesis and predict patient responses to cancer treatments. Machine learning plays a paramount role in this process. However, the sheer volume of whole-genome data makes it difficult to encode the characteristics of genomic variants as features for learning algorithms. RESULTS In this article, we propose three feature extraction methods that facilitate classifier learning from sets of genomic variants. The core contributions of this work include: (i) strategies for determining features using variant length binning, clustering and density estimation; (ii) a programing library for automating distribution-based feature extraction in machine learning pipelines. The proposed methods have been validated on five real-world datasets using four different classification algorithms and a clustering approach. Experiments on genomes of 219 ovarian, 61 lung and 929 breast cancer patients show that the proposed approaches automatically identify genomic biomarkers associated with cancer subtypes and clinical response to oncological treatment. Finally, we show that the extracted features can be used alongside unsupervised learning methods to analyze genomic samples. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code of the presented algorithms and reproducible experimental scripts are available on Github at https://github.com/MNMdiagnostics/dbfe. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Piernik
- Institute of Computing Science, Faculty of Computing and Telecommunications, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.,MNM Bioscience Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dariusz Brzezinski
- Institute of Computing Science, Faculty of Computing and Telecommunications, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.,MNM Bioscience Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Michal Gniot
- MNM Bioscience Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Alicja Wozna
- MNM Bioscience Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel Zawadzki
- MNM Bioscience Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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23
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Zhou X, Yang Y, Xu Q, Zhou H, Zhong F, Deng J, Zhang J, Li J. Crystal structures of the catalytic domain of human PARP15 in complex with small molecule inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 622:93-100. [PMID: 35843099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PARP15, or ARTD7, is an enzyme carrying out mono-ADP-ribosylation and regulating activities of a range of cellular proteins. This enzyme belongs to the family of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which comprises of proteins with various potential disease indications. Due to their involvement in a number of cellular processes and important role in DNA repair and regulation, PARPs have been considered attractive therapeutic targets over the past few years. The pursuit of small molecule PARP inhibitors has resulted in several FDA approved drugs for multiple cancers so far. As the use of PARP inhibitors as drug scaffolds is actively explored recently, there is increasing interest in the design of selective inhibitors based on the structural features of the PARP proteins. Here, we solved high-resolution crystal structures of the human PARP15 catalytic domain in complex with three marketed drugs of PARP inhibitors, which includes compounds 3-AB, iniparib and niraparib. The structures reported here contribute to our understanding of the ligand binding modes and structural features in the PARP15 catalytic domain, which can be employed to guide the rational design of selective inhibitors of PARPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Crystalo Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Fanglin Zhong
- Shenzhen Crystalo Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518118, China; Jiangxi Jmerry Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jun Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shenzhen Crystalo Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518118, China; Jiangxi Jmerry Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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24
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Wang Y, Duan M, Peng Z, Fan R, He Y, Zhang H, Xiong W, Jiang W. Advances of DNA Damage Repair-Related Drugs and Combination With Immunotherapy in Tumor Treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:854730. [PMID: 35281059 PMCID: PMC8904426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.854730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy has been an important and popular area in cancer research. With medical technology developing, the appearance of various targeted drugs and immunotherapy offer more choices to cancer treatment. With the increase in drug use, people have found more and more cases in which tumors are resistant to DNA damage repair (DDR)-based drugs. Recently, the concept of combination therapy has been brought up in cancer research. It takes advantages of combining two or more therapies with different mechanisms, aiming to benefit from the synergistic effects and finally rescue patients irresponsive to single therapies. Combination therapy has the potential to improve current treatment of refractory and drug-resistant tumors. Among the methods used in combination therapy, DDR is one of the most popular methods. Recent studies have shown that combined application of DDR-related drugs and immunotherapies significantly improve the therapeutic outcomes of malignant tumors, especially solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Meihan Duan
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouying Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ruohao Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxiang He
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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25
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Mateos-Pujante A, Jiménez MC, Andreu I. Evaluation of phototoxicity induced by the anticancer drug rucaparib. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3434. [PMID: 35236893 PMCID: PMC8891269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rucaparib (RCP) is a potent selective inhibitor of both PARP-1 and PARP-2 enzymes that induces synthetic lethality in cancer cells. It is used for the treatment of breast and ovarian tumors harboring deleterious germline or somatic cancer susceptibility genes mutations. Although RCP has an indole chromophore in its structure, it displays a bathochromic shift of the absorption band towards the UVA region of sunlight, thus extending the active fraction of solar light able to produce photosensitivity reactions. In this context, it is highly interesting to study the photo(geno)toxicity disorders associated with this drug, bearing in mind that, for dermatologists it is crucial to understand the toxicity mechanism to improve clinical management. In the present work, RCP has shown to be potentially phototoxic, as observed in the neutral red uptake phototoxicity test. Moreover, this significant phototoxicity is attributed to both proteins and genomic DNA, as revealed in the protein photooxidation and comet assays. The results obtained are highly relevant concerning RCP photosafety and become clinically important in the context of identification of the cutaneous adverse events that can be associated with the targeted therapies. Interestingly, this is the first example of a PARP inhibitor able to induce photosensitized damage to biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Mateos-Pujante
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación Universitat Politècnica de València-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. .,Unidad Mixta de Investigación Universitat Politècnica de València-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. .,Unidad Mixta de Investigación Universitat Politècnica de València-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
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26
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Fanale D, Pivetti A, Cancelliere D, Spera A, Bono M, Fiorino A, Pedone E, Barraco N, Brando C, Perez A, Guarneri MF, Russo TDB, Vieni S, Guarneri G, Russo A, Bazan V. BRCA1/2 variants of unknown significance in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome: looking for the hidden meaning. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 172:103626. [PMID: 35150867 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome is caused by germline mutations in BRCA1/2 genes. These genes are very large and their mutations are heterogeneous and scattered throughout the coding sequence. In addition to the above-mentioned mutations, variants of uncertain/unknown significance (VUSs) have been identified in BRCA genes, which make more difficult the clinical management of the patient and risk assessment. In the last decades, several laboratories have developed different databases that contain more than 2000 variants for the two genes and integrated strategies which include multifactorial prediction models based on direct and indirect genetic evidence, to classify the VUS and attribute them a clinical significance associated with a deleterious, high-low or neutral risk. This review provides a comprehensive overview of literature studies concerning the VUSs, in order to assess their impact on the population and provide new insight for the appropriate patient management in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fanale
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Pivetti
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cancelliere
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Spera
- Department of Radiotherapy, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, ASP of Agrigento, Agrigento, Italy
| | - Marco Bono
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Fiorino
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Erika Pedone
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Brando
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perez
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Tancredi Didier Bazan Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Division of General and Oncological Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Guarneri
- Gynecology Section, Mother - Child Department, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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27
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Rizk MM, El-etreby NM, El-Attar LM, Elzyat EA, Saied MH. A case–control study of BRCA1 founder mutations 185delAG and 5382insC in a cohort of Egyptian ovarian cancer patients using pyrosequencing technique. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer (OC) is considered a leading cause of death among women with gynecological malignancies. OC, like breast cancer, shows a familial predisposition to germline mutations in genes BRCA1 or BRCA2, which have proved to play important roles in the incidence and progression of cancers. In Arab countries there are limited data concerning BRCA1 or BRCA2 founder mutations associated with familial ovarian cancer (FOC). Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to assess two common founder mutations of BRCA1 (185delAG and 5382insC) in a cohort of Egyptian patients with FOC. The study included fifty female patients with FOC and twenty healthy controls. Clinical, laboratory, and pathological findings were assessed as well as response to therapy. Genetic testing for BRCA1 (185delAG and 5382insC) mutations was performed on peripheral blood samples using a short-fragment sequencer (pyrosequencer).
Results
The BRCA1 185delAG mutation was not observed in either the FOC patients or the controls. However, the carrier frequency of heterozygous BRCA1 5382insC mutation was 8%. All the FOC patients with a BRCA1 5382insC mutation had a positive family history of cancer (p = 0.009). All carriers of the BRCA1 5382insC mutation showed a preliminary good response to chemotherapy. The majority of carrier patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease with high-grade tumors and distant metastasis (75% of cases).
Conclusion
The frequency of the BRCA1 5382insC mutation in FOC patients was 8%. The strong association between the mutation and the positive family history suggests that a wider screening for BRCA1 founder mutations would be valuable in predicting high-risk individuals.
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28
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Vishwanath D, Girimanchanaika SS, Dukanya D, Rangappa S, Yang JR, Pandey V, Lobie PE, Basappa B. Design and Activity of Novel Oxadiazole Based Compounds That Target Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030703. [PMID: 35163965 PMCID: PMC8839658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel PARP inhibitors with selective mode-of-action have been approved for clinical use. Herein, oxadiazole based ligands that are predicted to target PARP-1 have been synthesized and screened for the loss of cell viability in mammary carcinoma cells, wherein seven compounds were observed to possess significant IC50 values in the range of 1.4 to 25 µM. Furthermore, compound 5u, inhibited the viability of MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 1.4µM, when compared to Olaparib (IC50 = 3.2 µM). Compound 5s also decreased cell viability in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 15.3 and 19.2 µM, respectively. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with compounds 5u and 5s produced PARP cleavage, H2AX phosphorylation and CASPASE-3 activation comparable to that observed with Olaparib. Compounds 5u and 5s also decreased foci-formation and 3D Matrigel growth of MCF-7 cells equivalent to or greater than that observed with Olaparib. Finally, in silico analysis demonstrated binding of compound 5s towardsthe catalytic site of PARP-1, indicating that these novel oxadiazoles synthesized herein may serve as exemplars for the development of new therapeutics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divakar Vishwanath
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (S.S.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Swamy S. Girimanchanaika
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (S.S.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Dukanya Dukanya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (S.S.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Mandya 571448, India;
| | - Ji-Rui Yang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (P.E.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (S.S.G.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.E.L.); (B.B.)
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29
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Xiang J, Zhou L, He Y, Wu S. LDH-A inhibitors as remedies to enhance the anticancer effects of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25920-25930. [PMID: 34919531 PMCID: PMC8751605 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies. It has been shown that PARP inhibitors can selectively target BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer and exert some effects on ovarian cancer without BRCA mutations. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, wild-type BRCA ovarian cancer cells (A2780 and SKOV3) were used. Our results showed that using a PARP inhibitor (olaparib or AG14361) alone significantly inhibited the proliferation of A2780 cells but negligibly inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 cells. We used RNA sequencing to explore differentially expressed genes and found that PARP inhibitors increased LDH-A in SKOV3 cells, which was confirmed by RT-PCR. Oxamate (a specific inhibitor of LDH-A) was used to investigate whether LDH-A inhibition enhances the suppressive effects of PARP inhibitors on ovarian cancer without BRCA mutations. CCK-8 assays, scratch assays and Transwell assays were used to determine cell proliferation, cell migration ability and invasion ability, respectively. Both olaparib and AG14361 significantly inhibited the proliferation/invasion ability of A2780 cells but not SKOV3 cells. Inhibition of LDH-A can remarkably promote the inhibitory effects of PARP inhibitors on both A2780 and SKOV3 cells. Thus, high expression level of LDH-A influenced the suppressive effects of PARP inhibitors on ovarian cancer with wild-type BRCA, and LDH-A inhibition notably enhanced this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangdong Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yinyan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Sufang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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30
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Soltan OM, Shoman ME, Abdel-Aziz SA, Narumi A, Konno H, Abdel-Aziz M. Molecular hybrids: A five-year survey on structures of multiple targeted hybrids of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113768. [PMID: 34450497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases have grown over the past few years as a crucial target for different cancer types. With the multifactorial nature of cancer, and the fast development of drug resistance for conventional chemotherapeutics, a strategy for designing multi-target agents was suggested to potentially increase drug efficacy, minimize side effects and retain the proper pharmacokinetic properties. Kinase inhibitors were used extensively in such strategy. Different kinase inhibitor agents which target EGFR, VEGFR, c-Met, CDK, PDK and other targets were merged into hybrids with conventional chemotherapeutics such as tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase inhibitors. Other hybrids were designed gathering kinase inhibitors with targeted cancer therapy such as HDAC, PARP, HSP 90 inhibitors. Nitric oxide donor molecules were also merged with kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. The current review presents the hybrids designed in the past five years discussing their design principles, results and highlights their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 61111, Minia, Egypt
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
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von Werdt A, Brandt L, Schärer OD, Rubin MA. PARP Inhibition in Prostate Cancer With Homologous Recombination Repair Alterations. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.21.00152. [PMID: 34712892 PMCID: PMC8547927 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With the broad use of next-generation sequencing assays, it has become clear that mutations in DNA repair genes are more commonly found than previously reported. In advanced prostate cancer patients with BRCA1/2 or ATM mutations, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition (PARPi) causes an increased overall survival advantage compared with patients without these mutations. This review explores the advantages and limitations of PARPi treatment and its use beyond BRCA1/2-altered tumors. Furthermore, it discusses the benefits of current biomarkers and what role functional biomarkers and organoids may play in addressing the involvement of homologous recombination repair mutations in tumor development and progression. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in MEDLINE, National Library of Medicine, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify studies published between January 1, 2016, and August 31, 2021. The search strategy incorporated terms for PARPi, BRCA, DNA damage, homologous recombination, organoids, patient-derived organoids, biomarker AND prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer. RESULTS A total of 261 records remained after duplicate removal, 69 of which were included in the qualitative synthesis. CONCLUSION To improve the outcome of targeted therapy and increase sensitivity of tumor detection, patients should be repeatedly screened for DNA repair gene alterations and biomarkers. Future clinical studies should explore the use of PARPi beyond BRCA1/2 mutations and focus on finding new synthetically lethal interactions. This review explores PARPi and its use for more than just BRCA1/2 altered tumors![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Werdt
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Brandt
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Orlando D Schärer
- Institute of Basic Science-Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan, South Korea.,Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mani C, Tripathi K, Chaudhary S, Somasagara RR, Rocconi RP, Crasto C, Reedy M, Athar M, Palle K. Hedgehog/GLI1 Transcriptionally Regulates FANCD2 in Ovarian Tumor Cells: Its Inhibition Induces HR-Deficiency and Synergistic Lethality with PARP Inhibition. Neoplasia 2021; 23:1002-1015. [PMID: 34380074 PMCID: PMC8361230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal type of cancer in women due to a lack of effective targeted therapies and high rates of treatment resistance and disease recurrence. Recently Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown promise as chemotherapeutic agents; however, their efficacy is limited to a small fraction of patients with BRCA mutations. Here we show a novel function for the Hedgehog (Hh) transcription factor Glioma associated protein 1 (GLI1) in regulation of key Fanconi anemia (FA) gene, FANCD2 in OC cells. GLI1 inhibition in HR-proficient OC cells induces HR deficiency (BRCAness), replication stress and synergistic lethality when combined with PARP inhibition. Treatment of OC cells with combination of GLI1 and PARP inhibitors shows enhanced DNA damage, synergy in cytotoxicity, and strong in vivo anticancer responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Al 36904, USA
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al 35294, USA
| | - Ranganatha R Somasagara
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Al 36904, USA
| | - Rodney P Rocconi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Al 36904, USA
| | - Chiquito Crasto
- Center for BioTechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Mark Reedy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al 35294, USA
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Revisiting the BRCA-pathway through the lens of replication gap suppression: "Gaps determine therapy response in BRCA mutant cancer". DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103209. [PMID: 34419699 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The toxic lesion emanating from chemotherapy that targets the DNA was initially debated, but eventually the DNA double strand break (DSB) ultimately prevailed. The reasoning was in part based on the perception that repairing a fractured chromosome necessitated intricate processing or condemned the cell to death. Genetic evidence for the DSB model was also provided by the extreme sensitivity of cells that were deficient in DSB repair. In particular, sensitivity characterized cells harboring mutations in the hereditary breast/ovarian cancer genes, BRCA1 or BRCA2, that function in the repair of DSBs by homologous recombination (HR). Along with functions in HR, BRCA proteins were found to prevent DSBs by protecting stalled replication forks from nuclease degradation. Coming full-circle, BRCA mutant cancer cells that gained resistance to genotoxic chemotherapy often displayed restored DNA repair by HR and/or restored fork protection (FP) implicating that the therapy was tolerated when DSB repair was intact or DSBs were prevented. Despite this well-supported paradigm that has been the impetus for targeted cancer therapy, here we argue that the toxic DNA lesion conferring response is instead single stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps. We discuss the evidence that persistent ssDNA gaps formed in the wake of DNA replication rather than DSBs are responsible for cell killing following treatment with genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. We also highlight that proteins, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51 known for canonical DSB repair also have critical roles in normal replication as well as replication gap suppression (RGS) and repair. We review the literature that supports the idea that widespread gap induction proximal to treatment triggers apoptosis in a process that does not need or stem from DSB induction. Lastly, we discuss the clinical evidence for gaps and how to exploit them to enhance genotoxic chemotherapy response.
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Jeong KY, Park M. Poly adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation, a promising target for colorectal cancer treatment. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021. [PMID: 34163574 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.574.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) can result from changes in a variety of cellular systems within the tumor microenvironment. Particularly, it is primarily associated with genomic instability that is the gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes consisting of a characteristic set of mutations crucial for pathways in CRC progression. Based on this background, the potential to focus on poly [adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] polymerase (PARP)-1 and poly-ADP ribosylation (PARylation) as the main causes of malignant formation of CRC may be considered. One of the important functions of PARP-1 and PARylation is its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair function, which plays a pivotal role in the DNA damage response and prevention of DNA damage maintaining the redox homeostasis involved in the regulation of oxidation and superoxide. PARP-1 and PARylation can also alter epigenetic markers and chromatin structure involved in transcriptional regulation for the oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by remodeling histone and chromatin enzymes. Given the high importance of these processes in CRC, it can be considered that PARP-1 and PARylation are at the forefront of the pathological changes required for CRC progression. Therefore, this review addresses the current molecular biological features for understanding the multifactorial function of PARP-1 and PARylation in CRC related to the aforementioned roles; furthermore, it presents a summary of recent approaches with PARP-1 inhibition in non-clinical and clinical studies targeting CRC. This understanding could help embrace the importance of targeting PARP-1 and PARylation in the treatment of CRC, which may present the potential to identify various research topics that can be challenged both non-clinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Yeong Jeong
- Research and Development, Metimedi Pharmaceuticals, Incheon 22006, South Korea.
| | - Minhee Park
- Research and Development, Metimedi Pharmaceuticals, Incheon 22006, South Korea
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Jeong KY, Park M. Poly adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation, a promising target for colorectal cancer treatment. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:574-588. [PMID: 34163574 PMCID: PMC8204356 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) can result from changes in a variety of cellular systems within the tumor microenvironment. Particularly, it is primarily associated with genomic instability that is the gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes consisting of a characteristic set of mutations crucial for pathways in CRC progression. Based on this background, the potential to focus on poly [adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] polymerase (PARP)-1 and poly-ADP ribosylation (PARylation) as the main causes of malignant formation of CRC may be considered. One of the important functions of PARP-1 and PARylation is its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair function, which plays a pivotal role in the DNA damage response and prevention of DNA damage maintaining the redox homeostasis involved in the regulation of oxidation and superoxide. PARP-1 and PARylation can also alter epigenetic markers and chromatin structure involved in transcriptional regulation for the oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by remodeling histone and chromatin enzymes. Given the high importance of these processes in CRC, it can be considered that PARP-1 and PARylation are at the forefront of the pathological changes required for CRC progression. Therefore, this review addresses the current molecular biological features for understanding the multifactorial function of PARP-1 and PARylation in CRC related to the aforementioned roles; furthermore, it presents a summary of recent approaches with PARP-1 inhibition in non-clinical and clinical studies targeting CRC. This understanding could help embrace the importance of targeting PARP-1 and PARylation in the treatment of CRC, which may present the potential to identify various research topics that can be challenged both non-clinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Yeong Jeong
- Research and Development, Metimedi Pharmaceuticals, Incheon 22006, South Korea
| | - Minhee Park
- Research and Development, Metimedi Pharmaceuticals, Incheon 22006, South Korea
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PARP inhibitor olaparib has a potential to increase the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy in BRCA1 mutated breast cancer in mice. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107832. [PMID: 33984694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT), a local therapy, has different effectiveness among tumor types. In breast cancer, its effectiveness is low; therefore, combined therapies are needed. The aim of our study was to combine ECT with PARP inhibitor olaparib, which could inhibit the repair of bleomycin or cisplatin induced DNA damage and potentiate the effectiveness of ECT. The effects of combined therapy were studied in BRCA1 mutated (HCC1937) and non-mutated (HCC1143) triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Therapeutic effectiveness was studied in 2D and 3D cell cultures and in vivo on subcutaneous HCC1937 tumor model in mice. The underlying mechanism of combined therapy was determined with the evaluation of γH2AX foci. Combined therapy of ECT with bleomycin and olaparib potentiated the effectiveness of ECT in BRCA1 mutated HCC1937, but not in non-mutated HCC1143 cells. The combined therapy had a synergistic effect, which was due to the increased number of DNA double strand breaks. Addition of olaparib to ECT with bleomycin in vivo in HCC1937 tumor model had only minimal effect, indicating repetitive olaparib treatment would be needed. This study demonstrates that DNA repair inhibiting drugs, like olaparib, have the potential to increase the effectiveness of ECT with bleomycin.
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Lattanzi W, Ripoli C, Greco V, Barba M, Iavarone F, Minucci A, Urbani A, Grassi C, Parolini O. Basic and Preclinical Research for Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050354. [PMID: 33946634 PMCID: PMC8146055 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic and preclinical research founded the progress of personalized medicine by providing a prodigious amount of integrated profiling data and by enabling the development of biomedical applications to be implemented in patient-centered care and cures. If the rapid development of genomics research boosted the birth of personalized medicine, further development in omics technologies has more recently improved our understanding of the functional genome and its relevance in profiling patients’ phenotypes and disorders. Concurrently, the rapid biotechnological advancement in diverse research areas enabled uncovering disease mechanisms and prompted the design of innovative biological treatments tailored to individual patient genotypes and phenotypes. Research in stem cells enabled clarifying their role in tissue degeneration and disease pathogenesis while providing novel tools toward the development of personalized regenerative medicine strategies. Meanwhile, the evolving field of integrated omics technologies ensured translating structural genomics information into actionable knowledge to trace detailed patients’ molecular signatures. Finally, neuroscience research provided invaluable models to identify preclinical stages of brain diseases. This review aims at discussing relevant milestones in the scientific progress of basic and preclinical research areas that have considerably contributed to the personalized medicine revolution by bridging the bench-to-bed gap, focusing on stem cells, omics technologies, and neuroscience fields as paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Lattanzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (W.L.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (F.I.); (A.M.); (A.U.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Ripoli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (W.L.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (F.I.); (A.M.); (A.U.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (W.L.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (F.I.); (A.M.); (A.U.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Barba
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (W.L.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (F.I.); (A.M.); (A.U.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (W.L.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (F.I.); (A.M.); (A.U.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Minucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (W.L.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (F.I.); (A.M.); (A.U.); (C.G.)
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (W.L.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (F.I.); (A.M.); (A.U.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (W.L.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (F.I.); (A.M.); (A.U.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (W.L.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (F.I.); (A.M.); (A.U.); (C.G.)
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Xie K, Ni X, Lv S, Zhou G, He H. Synergistic effects of olaparib combined with ERCC1 on the sensitivity of cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:365. [PMID: 33747222 PMCID: PMC7967929 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignant tumor. ERCC excision repair 1 endonuclease non-catalytic subunit (ERCC1) is a key mediator of nucleotide excision repair. The present study aimed to explore the synergistic effects of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib combined with ERCC1 on the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to cisplatin. Preliminary experiments were performed to identify the optimal concentrations of cisplatin and olaparib for cellular treatment and subsequently NCI-H1299 and SK-MES-1 cells were treated with 20 µg/ml cisplatin combined with 50 µg/ml olaparib and 50 µg/ml cisplatin combined with 70 µg/ml olaparib, respectively. Subsequently, transfections were carried out to overexpress or knockdown the expression of ERCC1 in NSCLC cell lines, including NCI-H1299 and SK-MES-1. The transfection efficiency was evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The results demonstrated that cells with ERCC1 overexpression and ERCC1 knockdown were successfully constructed. Finally, the cell viability and apoptosis were determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and Annexin V-FITC cell apoptosis assays, respectively. In NCI-H1299 or SK-MES-1 cells treated with cisplatin combined with olaparib for 24 h, the cell viability significantly increased following ERCC1 overexpression compared with the GV230 group (P<0.05), but significantly inhibited following ERCC1 knockdown compared with the siRNA-NC group (P<0.05). However, ERCC1 overexpression or knockdown had the opposite effect on apoptosis. In conclusion, olaparib combined with ERCC1 expression may enhance the sensitivity of cisplatin in NSCLC. These findings may provide novel insight for the improvement of platinum drug sensitivity and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Ni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Shanmei Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Guozhong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Honger He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
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Sari AN, Elwakeel A, Dhanjal JK, Kumar V, Sundar D, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Identification and Characterization of Mortaparib Plus-A Novel Triazole Derivative That Targets Mortalin-p53 Interaction and Inhibits Cancer-Cell Proliferation by Wild-Type p53-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040835. [PMID: 33671256 PMCID: PMC7921971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 has an essential role in suppressing the carcinogenesis process by inducing cell cycle arrest/apoptosis/senescence. Mortalin/GRP75 is a member of the Hsp70 protein family that binds to p53 causing its sequestration in the cell cytoplasm. Hence, p53 cannot translocate to the nucleus to execute its canonical tumour suppression function as a transcription factor. Abrogation of mortalin-p53 interaction and subsequent reactivation of p53's tumour suppression function has been anticipated as a possible approach in developing a novel cancer therapeutic drug candidate. A chemical library was screened in a high-content screening system to identify potential mortalin-p53 interaction disruptors. By four rounds of visual assays for mortalin and p53, we identified a novel synthetic small-molecule triazole derivative (4-[(1E)-2-(2-phenylindol-3-yl)-1-azavinyl]-1,2,4-triazole, henceforth named MortaparibPlus). Its activities were validated using multiple bioinformatics and experimental approaches in colorectal cancer cells possessing either wild-type (HCT116) or mutant (DLD-1) p53. Bioinformatics and computational analyses predicted the ability of MortaparibPlus to competitively prevent the interaction of mortalin with p53 as it interacted with the p53 binding site of mortalin. Immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated the abrogation of mortalin-p53 complex formation in MortaparibPlus-treated cells that showed growth arrest and apoptosis mediated by activation of p21WAF1, or BAX and PUMA signalling, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MortaparibPlus-induced cytotoxicity to cancer cells is mediated by multiple mechanisms that included the inhibition of PARP1, up-regulation of p73, and also the down-regulation of mortalin and CARF proteins that play critical roles in carcinogenesis. MortaparibPlus is a novel multimodal candidate anticancer drug that warrants further experimental and clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Nofita Sari
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- School of Integrative & Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ahmed Elwakeel
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- School of Integrative & Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
| | - Vipul Kumar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110-016, India; (V.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Durai Sundar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110-016, India; (V.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- School of Integrative & Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (R.W.)
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Su S, Dou H, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Bufalin inhibits ovarian carcinoma via targeting mTOR/HIF-α pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:224-233. [PMID: 32905663 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a severe health threat for women with increased incidence and stymied development in diagnosis and therapy. Drug resistance is still a big challenge. Bufalin is a multi-functional steroid-like compound extracted from natural product Chansu and has been tested as antitumour agent recently. The application and mechanism of bufalin in ovarian cancer remain unclear yet. Bufalin was first examined in ovarian epithelial cancer cell as well as primary ovarian tissue to evaluate its inhibitory activity in cell growth and migration, followed by the validation in xenograft tumour model and the patient samples. Bufalin is well tolerated by normal ovarian tissue at up to 40 μM and suppresses the cell growth and migration at 10 μM and xenograft tumour growth at 0.1mg/kg dosage. Bufalin inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and subsequently decreases hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) level. Overexpression of HIF-1α could abolish the pro-apoptotic and antimigration activity of bufalin in cell culture. Strikingly, low HIF-1α level was correlated with improved responsiveness to cisplatin treatment in ovarian cancer patients. Bufalin was a potent inhibitor of cell growth and migration in ovarian cancer cells through suppression of mTOR activation and HIF-1α induction. Bufalin could be used to enhance the efficacy of cisplatin in ovarian cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Bufanolides/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/enzymology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Su
- Department of Gynecology, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Hongtao Dou
- Department of Gynecology, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Obstetrical, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong, China
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Arakelyan A, Melkonyan A, Hakobyan S, Boyarskih U, Simonyan A, Nersisyan L, Nikoghosyan M, Filipenko M, Binder H. Transcriptome Patterns of BRCA1- and BRCA2- Mutated Breast and Ovarian Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1266. [PMID: 33525353 PMCID: PMC7865215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are known risk factors and drivers of breast and ovarian cancers. So far, few studies have been focused on understanding the differences in transcriptome and functional landscapes associated with the disease (breast vs. ovarian cancers), gene (BRCA1 vs. BRCA2), and mutation type (germline vs. somatic). In this study, we were aimed at systemic evaluation of the association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline and somatic mutations with gene expression, disease clinical features, outcome, and treatment. We performed BRCA1/2 mutation centered RNA-seq data analysis of breast and ovarian cancers from the TCGA repository using transcriptome and phenotype "portrayal" with multi-layer self-organizing maps and functional annotation. The results revealed considerable differences in BRCA1- and BRCA2-dependent transcriptome landscapes in the studied cancers. Furthermore, our data indicated that somatic and germline mutations for both genes are characterized by deregulation of different biological functions and differential associations with phenotype characteristics and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-inhibitor gene signatures. Overall, this study demonstrates considerable variation in transcriptomic landscapes of breast and ovarian cancers associated with the affected gene (BRCA1 vs. BRCA2), as well as the mutation type (somatic vs. germline). These results warrant further investigations with larger groups of mutation carriers aimed at refining the understanding of molecular mechanisms of breast and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsen Arakelyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (L.N.); (M.N.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, 0051 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ani Melkonyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia;
| | - Siras Hakobyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (L.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Uljana Boyarskih
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (U.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Arman Simonyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (L.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Lilit Nersisyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (L.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Maria Nikoghosyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (L.N.); (M.N.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, 0051 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Maxim Filipenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (U.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
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Kim DS, Camacho CV, Kraus WL. Alternate therapeutic pathways for PARP inhibitors and potential mechanisms of resistance. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:42-51. [PMID: 33487630 PMCID: PMC8080675 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiency impairs the proper maintenance of genomic stability, thus rendering cancer cells vulnerable to loss or inhibition of DNA repair proteins, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Inhibitors of nuclear PARPs are effective therapeutics for a number of different types of cancers. Here we review key concepts and current progress on the therapeutic use of PARP inhibitors (PARPi). PARPi selectively induce synthetic lethality in cancer cells with homologous recombination deficiencies (HRDs), the most notable being cancer cells harboring mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Recent clinical evidence, however, shows that PARPi can be effective as cancer therapeutics regardless of BRCA1/2 or HRD status, suggesting that a broader population of patients might benefit from PARPi therapy. Currently, four PARPi have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of advanced ovarian and breast cancer with deleterious BRCA mutations. Although PARPi have been shown to improve progression-free survival, cancer cells inevitably develop resistance, which poses a significant obstacle to the prolonged use of PARP inhibitors. For example, somatic BRCA1/2 reversion mutations are often identified in patients with BRCA1/2-mutated cancers after treatment with platinum-based therapy, causing restoration of HR capacity and thus conferring PARPi resistance. Accordingly, PARPi have been studied in combination with other targeted therapies to overcome PARPi resistance, enhance PARPi efficacy, and sensitize tumors to PARP inhibition. Moreover, multiple clinical trials are now actively underway to evaluate novel combinations of PARPi with other anticancer therapies for the treatment of PARPi-resistant cancer. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of action of PARP inhibitors with or without BRCA1/2 defects and provide an overview of the ongoing clinical trials of PARPi. We also review the current progress on PARPi-based combination strategies and PARP inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Seok Kim
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA ,grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA ,grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Present Address: Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Cristel V. Camacho
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA ,grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - W. Lee Kraus
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA ,grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
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43
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Chiang NJ, Chen LT, Shan YS, Yeh CN, Chen MH. Development of Possible Next Line of Systemic Therapies for Gemcitabine-Resistant Biliary Tract Cancers: A Perspective from Clinical Trials. Biomolecules 2021; 11:97. [PMID: 33451059 PMCID: PMC7828560 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) compromises a heterogenous group of tumors with poor prognoses. Curative surgery remains the first choice for localized disease; however, most BTC patients have had unresectable or metastatic disease. The gold standard therapy for these patients is chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin. There are no consensus guidelines for standard treatment in a second-line setting, although the data of the ABC-06 trial showed a slight survival benefit from oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil combination chemotherapy. Recent progress in comprehensive genomic profiling for advanced BTC (ABTC) has helped to clarify tumorigenesis and facilitate the coming era of precision medicine. Generally, targeted agents fail to show significant clinical benefits in unselected populations. Only fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)- and BRAF mutation-enriched populations have survival benefits from the corresponding inhibitors. Several interesting targeted agents for monotherapies or combination therapies with other compounds are currently ongoing or recruiting. Here, we review the published data from clinical trials of second-line therapies after the failure of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in ABTC. The results were stratified by different genetic alternations, as well as by chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jung Chiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (N.-J.C.); (L.-T.C.)
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (N.-J.C.); (L.-T.C.)
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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44
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Yusoh NA, Ahmad H, Gill MR. Combining PARP Inhibition with Platinum, Ruthenium or Gold Complexes for Cancer Therapy. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2121-2135. [PMID: 32812709 PMCID: PMC7754470 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs are heavily used first-line chemotherapeutic agents for many solid tumours and have stimulated substantial interest in the biological activity of DNA-binding metal complexes. These complexes generate DNA lesions which trigger the activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that are essential to maintain genomic integrity. Cancer cells exploit this intrinsic DNA repair network to counteract many types of chemotherapies. Now, advances in the molecular biology of cancer has paved the way for the combination of DDR inhibitors such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) and agents that induce high levels of DNA replication stress or single-strand break damage for synergistic cancer cell killing. In this review, we summarise early-stage, preclinical and clinical findings exploring platinum and emerging ruthenium anti-cancer complexes alongside PARPi in combination therapy for cancer and also describe emerging work on the ability of ruthenium and gold complexes to directly inhibit PARP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aininie Yusoh
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdang, SelangorMalaysia
| | - Haslina Ahmad
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdang, SelangorMalaysia
- Integrated Chemical BiophysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdang, SelangorMalaysia
| | - Martin R. Gill
- Department of ChemistrySwansea UniversitySwanseaWales (UK
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45
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Morenikeji OB, Wallace M, Strutton E, Bernard K, Yip E, Thomas BN. Integrative Network Analysis of Predicted miRNA-Targets Regulating Expression of Immune Response Genes in Bovine Coronavirus Infection. Front Genet 2020; 11:584392. [PMID: 33193717 PMCID: PMC7554596 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.584392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infection that causes disease outbreaks among farm animals, resulting in significant economic losses particularly in the cattle industry, has the potential to become zoonotic. miRNAs, which are short non-coding segments of RNA that inhibits the expression of their target genes, have been identified as potential biomarkers and drug targets, though this potential in BCoV remains largely unknown. We hypothesize that certain miRNAs could simultaneously target multiple genes, are significantly conserved across many species, thereby demonstrating the potential to serve as diagnostic or therapeutic tools for bovine coronavirus infection. To this end, we utilized different existing and publicly available computational tools to conduct system analysis predicting important miRNAs that could affect BCoV pathogenesis. Eleven genes including CEBPD, IRF1, TLR9, SRC, and RHOA, significantly indicated in immune-related pathways, were identified to be associated with BCoV, and implicated in other coronaviruses. Of the 70 miRNAs predicted to target the identified genes, four concomitant miRNAs (bta-miR-11975, bta-miR-11976, bta-miR-22-3p, and bta-miR-2325c) were found. Examining the gene interaction network suggests IL-6, IRF1, and TP53 as key drivers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that miR-22 was completely conserved across all 14 species it was searched against, suggesting a shared and important functional role. Functional annotation and associated pathways of target genes, such as positive regulation of cytokine production, IL-6 signaling pathway, and regulation of leukocyte differentiation, indicate the miRNAs are major participants in multiple aspects of both innate and adaptive immune response. Examination of variants evinced a potentially deleterious SNP in bta-miR-22-3p and an advantageous SNP in bta-miR-2325c. Conclusively, this study provides new insight into miRNAs regulating genes responding to BCoV infection, with bta-miR-22-3p particularly indicated as a potential drug target or diagnostic marker for bovine coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ellis Strutton
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY, United States
| | - Kahleel Bernard
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY, United States
| | - Elaine Yip
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY, United States
| | - Bolaji N Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
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46
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Gabrail N, Smith C. Avatrombopag Optimizes Response to Niraparib by Managing Thrombocytopenia Associated with Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer and Breast Cancer: A Case Series. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e927008. [PMID: 33191394 PMCID: PMC7682497 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.927008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Case series Patients:— Final Diagnosis: Breast cancer • ovarian cancer Symptoms: Thrombocytopenia Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Oncology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nash Gabrail
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gabrail Cancer Center, Canton, OH, USA
| | - Carrie Smith
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gabrail Cancer Center, Canton, OH, USA
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47
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Increased PARP Activity and DNA Damage in NSCLC Patients: The Influence of COPD. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113333. [PMID: 33187221 PMCID: PMC7697659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Lung cancer (LC) is a major leading cause of death worldwide. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 and PARP-2 are key players in cancer. We aimed to assess PARP-1 and PARP-2 expression and activity and DNA damage in tumors and non-tumor lungs from patients with/without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (2) Methods: Lung tumor and non-tumor specimens were obtained through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in LC patients with/without underlying COPD (two groups of patients, n = 15/group). PARP-1 and PARP-2 expression (ELISA), PARP activity (PARP colorimetric assay kit) and DNA damage (immunohistochemistry) levels were identified in all samples. (3) Results: Both PARP-1 and PARP-2 expression levels were significantly lower in lung tumors (irrespective of COPD)compared to non-tumor specimens, while DNA damage and PARP activity levels significantly increased in lung tumors compared to non-tumor specimens only in LC-COPD patients. PARP-2 expression was positively correlated with smoking burden in LC-COPD patients. (4) Conclusions: In lung tumors of COPD patients, an overactivation of PARP enzyme was observed. A decline in PARP-1 and PARP-2 protein expression was seen in lung tumors irrespective of COPD. Other phenotypic features (airway obstruction) beyond cancer may account for the increase in PARP activity seen in the tumors of patients with underlying COPD.
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48
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Singpoonga N, Rittiron R, Seang-on B, Chaiprasart P, Bantadjan Y. Determination of Adenosine and Cordycepin Concentrations in Cordyceps militaris Fruiting Bodies Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27235-27244. [PMID: 33134685 PMCID: PMC7594118 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIRS) spectroscopy, coupled with partial least squares regression, was used to predict adenosine and cordycepin concentrations in fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris. The fruiting body samples were prepared in four different sample formats, which were intact fruiting bodies, chopped fruiting bodies, dried powder, and dried crude extract. The actual amount of the adenosine and cordycepin concentrations in fresh fruiting bodies was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results showed that the prediction models developed from the chopped samples provided excellent accuracy in both parameters with minimal sample preparation. These optimum models provided a coefficient of determination of prediction, standard error of prediction, bias, and residual predictive deviation, which were respectively 0.95, 16.60 mg kg-1, -8.57 mg kg-1, and 5.04 for adenosine prediction, and 0.98, 181.56 mg kg-1, -1.05 mg kg-1, and 8.9 for cordycepin prediction. The accuracy and performance of the model were determined by ISO12099:2017(E). It was found that these two equations can be considered to be acceptable at a probability level of 95% confidence. The NIRS technique, therefore, has the potential to be an objective method for determining the adenosine and cordycepin concentrations in C. militaris fruiting bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthapong Singpoonga
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University, Nakhon Sawan 60000, Thailand
| | - Ronnarit Rittiron
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Boonsong Seang-on
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence in Postharvest Technology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Peerasak Chaiprasart
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence in Postharvest Technology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Postharvest
Technology Innovation Center, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yuranan Bantadjan
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
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Bass AKA, El-Zoghbi MS, Nageeb ESM, Mohamed MFA, Badr M, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. Comprehensive review for anticancer hybridized multitargeting HDAC inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112904. [PMID: 33077264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the encouraging clinical progress of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment, innovation and development of new effective anticancer candidates still represents a challenging endeavor. With 15 million death every year in 2030 according to the estimates, cancer has increased rising of an alarm as a real crisis for public health and health systems worldwide. Therefore, scientist began to introduce innovative solutions to control the cancer global health problem. One of the promising strategies in this issue is the multitarget or smart hybrids having two or more pharmacophores targeting cancer. These rationalized hybrid molecules have gained great interests in cancer treatment as they are capable to simultaneously inhibit more than cancer pathway or target without drug-drug interactions and with less side effects. A prime important example of these hybrids, the HDAC hybrid inhibitors or referred as multitargeting HDAC inhibitors. The ability of HDAC inhibitors to synergistically improve the efficacy of other anti-cancer drugs and moreover, the ease of HDAC inhibitors cap group modification prompt many medicinal chemists to innovate and develop new generation of HDAC hybrid inhibitors. Notably, and during this short period, there are four HDAC inhibitor hybrids have entered different phases of clinical trials for treatment of different types of blood and solid tumors, namely; CUDC-101, CUDC-907, Tinostamustine, and Domatinostat. This review shed light on the most recent hybrids of HDACIs with one or more other cancer target pharmacophore. The designed multitarget hybrids include topoisomerase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, nitric oxide releasers, antiandrogens, FLT3 and JAC-2 inhibitors, PDE5-inhibitors, NAMPT-inhibitors, Protease inhibitors, BRD4-inhibitors and other targets. This review may help researchers in development and discovery of new horizons in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr K A Bass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mona S El-Zoghbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - El-Shimaa M Nageeb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh F A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt.
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50
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Zhou J, Wang H, Fu F, Li Z, Feng Q, Wu W, Liu Y, Wang C, Chen Y. Spectrum of PALB2 germline mutations and characteristics of PALB2-related breast cancer: Screening of 16,501 unselected patients with breast cancer and 5890 controls by next-generation sequencing. Cancer 2020; 126:3202-3208. [PMID: 32339256 PMCID: PMC7384117 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partner and localizer BRCA2 (PALB2) is a breast cancer predisposition gene, but the clinical relevance of PALB2 germline mutations in Chinese patients with breast cancer remains unknown. This study attempted to investigate the full prevalence and spectrum of PALB2 germline mutations in China and the associations between PALB2 germline mutations and breast cancer risk. METHODS A total of 21,216 unselected patients with breast cancer were enrolled from 10 provinces in China, and 5890 Chinese women without cancer were enrolled as healthy controls. PALB2 screening was based on next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A total of 16,501 BRCA1/2-negative patients with breast cancer were analyzed. Deleterious PALB2 mutation carriers accounted for 0.97% (n = 160) in the breast cancer cohort and for 0.19% (n = 11) in the healthy control cohort. Forty-one novel PALB2 germline mutations were identified. A high frequency of PALB2 c.751C>T was detected, and it accounted for 10.63% of the PALB2 germline mutations detected (17 of 160). PALB2 mutations were significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk (odds ratio [OR], 5.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.84-9.65; P < .0001), especially among women 30 years old or younger (OR, 10.09; 95% CI, 3.95-25.79; P < .0001). Clinical characteristics, including a family history, bigger tumor size, triple-negative breast cancer, positive lymph nodes, and bilateral breast cancer, were closely related to PALB2 mutations. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a comprehensive spectrum of PALB2 germline mutations and characteristics of PALB2-related breast cancer in China. PALB2 germline mutations confer a moderately increased risk for breast cancer but profoundly increase breast cancer risk for those 30 years old or younger in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Fangmeng Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhanwen Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Qingjian Feng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yiwu Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Yiwu, China
| | - Weizhu Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center, Li Huili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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