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Arndt S, Kilcoyne I, Vaughan B, Dechant JE. Clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment, and short- and long-term survival in horses with peritonitis: 72 cases (2007-2017). Vet Surg 2021; 50:323-335. [PMID: 33415827 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify etiology, clinical findings, diagnostic results, treatment, and short- and long-term survival and to report factors associated with nonsurvival and survival in horses with peritonitis. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS Horses (n = 72). METHODS Medical records at William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from 2007-2017 were reviewed for horses diagnosed with peritonitis. The essential inclusion criterion was a peritoneal nucleated cell count of ≥25 000 cells/μL. Gastrointestinal rupture and cases in which peritonitis occurred after abdominal surgery or castration were excluded. Information retrieved from medical records included signalment, history, clinicopathological and peritoneal fluid variables, diagnostic imaging findings, inciting cause, treatment, and short- and long-term survival. Data were analyzed by using Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and χ2 test (P < .05). RESULTS Colic was the most common presenting complaint (34/72 [48%]). A definitive diagnosis could be made in 44 (44/72 [61%]) cases. The most common cause of peritonitis was infectious agents (31/72), followed by trauma (8/72), gastrointestinal thickening (3/72), and eosinophilic peritonitis (2/72). Idiopathic peritonitis was identified in 28 (28/72 [39%]) cases. Sixty (83%) horses survived to hospital discharge. Long-term follow-up was available for 49 horses, with 43 (88%) horses alive 1 year after discharge. Significant differences between nonsurvivors and survivors were history of colic, positive peritoneal fluid culture, and several hematological/peritoneal fluid variables. CONCLUSION Peritoneal fluid analysis was essential for a definitive diagnosis of peritonitis, and certain variables were useful for predicting outcome. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Results of this study provide evidence of the value of peritoneal fluid analysis for identification of peritonitis, prediction of outcome, and successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Arndt
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, California
| | - Isabelle Kilcoyne
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, California
| | - Betsy Vaughan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, California
| | - Julie E Dechant
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, California
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Alonso JDM, Martins ES, Peccinini RG, Rosa GS, Guerra ST, Ribeiro MG, Santos B, García HDM, Watanabe MJ, Takahira RK, Rodrigues CA, Alves ALG, Hussni CA. Plasma and Peritoneal Ceftriaxone Concentrations After Intraperitoneal Administration in Horses With Septic Peritonitis. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 96:103310. [PMID: 33349404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal ceftriaxone administration in healthy horses results in high and prolonged peritoneal concentrations. Recent findings suggest that intraperitoneal ceftriaxone might increase survival rates in horses affected by peritonitis. The present study aimed to evaluate plasma and peritoneal concentrations of ceftriaxone after intraperitoneal administration in horses with septic peritonitis. Twenty-six horses presenting clinical, laboratorial, and sonographic findings compatible with the disease were included. All horses received daily intraperitoneal ceftriaxone (25 mg/kg bwt) in addition or not with other antibiotics and support therapies. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine plasma and peritoneal ceftriaxone concentrations before and after 12 and 24 hours of ceftriaxone administration. Mean plasma concentrations 12 and 24 hours after administration were, respectively, 1.84 ± 0.43 and 0.37 ± 0.07 μg/mL, and mean peritoneal concentrations were 5.7 ± 2.84 and 0.42 ± 0.13 μg/mL. Ceftriaxone concentration was lower in comparison with previous studies in healthy horses and presented under the minimal inhibitory concentration for enterobacteria (≤1 μg/mL) and for gram-positive isolates (≤0.5 μg/mL) at 24 hours. The variation of the results obtained between healthy horses and with septic peritonitis demonstrated that pharmacokinetics/dynamics are different between these patients and suggests the use of an interval of dose of 12 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de M Alonso
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Evelin S Martins
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rosangela G Peccinini
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Gustavo S Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Simony T Guerra
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Márcio G Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Henry D M García
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marcos J Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Regina K Takahira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Celso A Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Liz G Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Hussni
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Dunkel
- RVC EquineClinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary College North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire UK
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Accuracy of differences in blood and peritoneal glucose to differentiate between septic and non-septic peritonitis in horses. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:237-242. [PMID: 32634704 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Difference in blood and peritoneal glucose (DBPG) is used in clinical practice to support a diagnosis of septic peritonitis in horses. It is inexpensive, easy and rapid to perform. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the DBPG to differentiate between septic and non-septic peritonitis in horses. Blood and peritoneal fluids were harvested from suspected animals. Plasma and peritoneal glucose levels, total nucleated cell count, direct microscopic and microbiological examinations of the peritoneal fluid were evaluated. Using DBPG levels, the animals were classified into two groups: difference ≥ 50 mg/dL (positive test) and difference < 50 mg/dL (negative test). Positive microbiological examination and/or presence of bacteria in direct microscopic examination was used as a gold standard to detect septic peritonitis. The accuracy parameters analysed were: sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values, for which the results were respectively: 0.23, 0.91, 0.60 and 0.67. Due to poor accuracy, other cut-off margins and peritoneal glucose concentrations were evaluated. The test was considered most accurate when the DBPG was zero with sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values of 0.85, 0.82, 0.73, 0.90 respectively. Peritoneal glucose concentrations alone were not a reliable feature to detect peritonitis. DBPG ≥50 mg/dL, widely used for the diagnosis of septic peritonitis, does not have a good accuracy and the DBPG = 0 has a better accuracy for detecting the disease.
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Alonso JDM, Rosa GDS, Santos B, Guerra S, Ribeiro M, Watanabe MJ, Alves A, Rodrigues C, Takahira RK, Hussni CA. Adjuvant intraperitoneal ceftriaxone in the treatment of septic peritonitis in horses. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e29. [PMID: 32234866 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraperitoneal administration of ceftriaxone maintains therapeutic abdominal concentrations for 24 hours in healthy horses. Therefore, it is a possible treatment for septic peritonitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ceftriaxone as an adjuvant treatment in horses with septic peritonitis. METHODS Twenty-six horses with clinical signs, sonography and/or laboratory findings of septic peritonitis were included. Peritoneal fluid was collected for microbiological culture and in vitro microbial sensitivity profile assessment. Daily intraperitoneal administration of ceftriaxone (25 mg/kg) was initiated with supportive and systemic antimicrobial treatment. The animals were divided into three groups: group 1-gastrointestinal tract injuries and abdominal surgery (excluding perforations/ruptures); group 2-not related to changes in the gastrointestinal tract; group 3-secondary to intestinal rupture and/or faeces contamination. RESULTS The mean success rate of the treatment was 77 per cent (20/26 animals), with success rates of 84.6 per cent in group 1; 87.5 per cent, group 2; and 40 per cent, group 3. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report adjuvant intraperitoneal treatment ceftriaxone for septic peritonitis in horses and indicates that this treatment can successfully treat septic peritonitis in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Moura Alonso
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Dos Santos Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Simony Guerra
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Márcio Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marcos Jun Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - A Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Celso Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Regina Kiomi Takahira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Hussni
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Botucatu, Brazil
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Cullimore AM, Lester GD, Stephens N. Actinobacillus capsulatus
peritonitis and chyloabdomen in a Warmblood gelding. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Cullimore
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - G. D. Lester
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - N. Stephens
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
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8
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Jeawon SS, O'Leary JM, Johnson JP, Hoey SE, Duggan VE. Septic peritonitis secondary to a perforating gastric foreign body in an Irish Sport Horse gelding. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Jeawon
- School of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Sciences Centre University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - J. M. O'Leary
- School of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Sciences Centre University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - J. P. Johnson
- School of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Sciences Centre University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - S. E. Hoey
- School of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Sciences Centre University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - V. E. Duggan
- School of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Sciences Centre University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
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9
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Hepworth-Warren KL, Hay Kraus BL, Wong DM, Krull AC, Metcalf GL. Septic peritonitis in a Percheron mare associated with Clostridium haemolyticum. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Hepworth-Warren
- Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa USA
| | - B. L. Hay Kraus
- Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa USA
| | - D. M. Wong
- Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa USA
| | - A. C. Krull
- Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa USA
| | - G. L. Metcalf
- Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa USA
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Alonso JDM, Nitta TY, Akutagawa TYM, Crescencio AP, Takahira RK, dos Santos B, Alves ALG, Watanabe MJ, Rodrigues CA, Peccinini RG, de Campos ML, Hussni CA. Evaluation of Tenckhoff Catheter Use and Ceftriaxone Intraperitoneal Administration in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shearer TR, Smith AD, Freeman DE, Regan SA. Anaerobic peritonitis caused by Clostridium septicum
as a complication of routine castration in a 2-year-old Warmblood horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Shearer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
| | - A. D. Smith
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
| | - D. E. Freeman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
| | - S. A. Regan
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
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Lhamas C, Duarte C, Lübeck I, Silva M, Leite C, Pereira E, Roschildt K, Bernardon F. Influência do parasitismo intestinal sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e de líquido peritoneal em equinos de tração. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-7378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência do parasitismo intestinal crônico sobre parâmetros hematológicos e de líquido peritoneal por meio da comparação dessas características em equinos naturalmente parasitados e após administração de anti-helmíntico. Utilizaram-se 21 cavalos de tração urbana, entre dois e 19 anos, sem raça definida e com resultado de exame parasitológico superior a 300 ovos por grama de fezes. Foi realizada avaliação física e coleta de fezes, de líquido peritoneal e de sangue em dois momentos do experimento (D0 e D15), sendo efetuado tratamento antiparasitário no D0. No fluido peritoneal foram avaliadas características físicas, bioquímicas, bem como contagem de células nucleadas (CTCN) e diferenciação celular. No sangue foram determinados valores eritrocitários, leucocitários, proteínas plasmáticas totais, glicose e fibrinogênio plasmáticos, além de fosfatase alcalina (FA) sérica. A análise dos parâmetros avaliados não demonstrou diferença significativa entre animais parasitados e após administração de anti-helmíntico, exceto para valores de CTCN, contagem de neutrófilos segmentados e grau de turbidez do líquido peritoneal. As médias se mantiveram dentro dos intervalos de referência, com exceção da CTCN do líquido peritoneal no D0. No líquido peritoneal, houve predomínio de neutrófilos segmentados, seguidos por macrófagos, linfócitos e eosinófilos em ambos os momentos de avaliação. Observaram-se tendência do quadro eritrocitário em manter-se próximo aos limites inferiores e leve leucocitose no D0. A infecção parasitária nos animais estudados foi predominantemente moderada, o que oferece poucos riscos clínicos. Nessas condições, pode-se afirmar que a CTCN, a contagem absoluta de neutrófilos segmentados e o grau de turbidez do líquido peritoneal são influenciados e podem ser considerados ferramentas diagnósticas e prognósticas úteis nas parasitoses intestinais crônicas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I. Lübeck
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Brasil
| | | | - C.T. Leite
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil
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Abstract
Factors associated with the outcome of peritonitis in horses are seldom described. The objectives of this study were to determine the common clinical signs and clinicopathologic findings and to reveal prognostic factors associated with the outcome of peritonitis in equine patients. Data were examined in a retrospective manner in 55 horses diagnosed with and treated for peritonitis. The most common clinical and clinicopathologic findings were tachycardia (94%), increased amount of peritoneal fluid on ultrasound (84%), altered mucous membranes (82%), bacteria noted on the direct smear (67%), hyperfibrinogenaemia (58%) and left shift (40%). The most commonly isolated organism was E. coli (37%). Survival rates were as follow: 78% in the whole study, 81% in the abdominal lavage group, 93% in the medically and 46% in the surgically managed groups. Complications were more common in the non-survivor group (P < 0.001). Initial haematocrit and surgical interventions were strongly associated with non-survival in the multivariate logistic regression model (P = 0.049, OR: 1.07 and P = 0.01, OR: 9.87, respectively). Prognosis of peritonitis without gastrointestinal rupture depends on the initial hydration status, surgical interventions and development of secondary complications, while other clinical and clinicopathologic findings do not appear to correlate with survival. Prospective evaluation of hydration and perfusion parameters and abdominal lavage warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Nógrádi
- 1 University of California William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Davis, One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Balázs Tóth
- 2 Purdue University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Katherine Macgillivray
- 3 Hagyard Equine Medical Institute McGee Medicine and Critical Care Center Lexington KY USA
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Dart AJ, Bischofberger AS. Peritonitis in the horse: A treatment dilemma. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Monteiro S, Desmaizieres L, Lepage O. Peritoneal Lavage and Drainage with Fenestrated Balloon Catheters in Standing Horses: A Comparative Study. J Equine Vet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Intraabdominal Infections. Surgery 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schambourg MM, Marcoux M. Laparoscopic intestinal exploration and full-thickness intestinal biopsy in standing horses: a pilot study. Vet Surg 2006; 35:689-96. [PMID: 17026557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2006.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess a laparoscopic technique for equine intestinal biopsy. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Seven adult horses. METHODS Food but not water was withheld for 36 hours before laparoscopy. In 3 horses (group A) standing, right laparoscopic access to different small intestinal segments was compared with ventral median celiotomy access. Inaccessible segments were identified at necropsy. In 4 horses (group B), the feasibility of obtaining full-thickness duodenal and cecal biopsies and any associated morbidity were evaluated. Biopsy specimens were collected during standing right laparoscopy using a 2-step procedure and intracorporeal suturing technique, and abdominal lavage was performed. Horses were monitored clinically and by abdominal fluid cytology and microbial culture, and repeat laparoscopy was performed on day 6. RESULTS Standing right flank laparoscopy provided good observation of small intestinal segments and enabled manipulation of all but 15-20 cm of the duodenum and approximately 40 cm more ileum compared with ventral median celiotomy. Group B horses had no complications, no adhesions, and no bacterial growth from peritoneal fluid samples. None of the horses had signs of abdominal pain. CONCLUSION A 2-stage intestinal biopsy technique performed during standing, right flank laparoscopy may be a safe alternative to exploratory celiotomy and biopsy in normal horses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Right flank laparoscopy allows biopsy of intestinal segments including duodenum and 50% more of the ileum than is accessible by ventral median celiotomy. This technique should be evaluated in clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane M Schambourg
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Elce YA. Infections in the Equine Abdomen and Pelvis: Perirectal Abscesses, Umbilical Infections, and Peritonitis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2006; 22:419-36, ix. [PMID: 16882482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This article addresses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of several different infections within the equine abdomen and pelvic region. The latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of perirectal abscesses, umbilical infections, and local and diffuse peritonitis are discussed. Emphasis is placed on recent advances in diagnostics and therapeutics with reference to human literature that may be useful in equine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne A Elce
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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21
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Mogg TD, Hart J, Wearn J. Postpartum hemoperitoneum and septic peritonitis in a Thoroughbred mare. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2006; 22:61-71. [PMID: 16627105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2005.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tony D Mogg
- University Veterinary Centre Camden, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
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