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Motta RG, Motta LSAM, Bertolini AB, Prado AM, Thyssen PJ, Hernandes RT, Orsi H, Rall VLM, Gouvea FLR, Guerra ST, Guimarães FF, Joaquim SF, Pantoja JC, Langoni H, Ribeiro MG. Identification of Escherichia coli isolated from flies (Insecta: Diptera) that inhabit the environment of dairy farms harboring extraintestinal virulence markers. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad301. [PMID: 38086616 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigate extraintestinal pathogenic genes (ExPEC) related to virulence of Escherichia coli in flies from the dairy environment. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected 217 flies from nine dairy farms, which were submitted to microbiological culture. Fifty-one E. coli were identified using mass spectrometry. Eleven dipteran families were identified, with a predominance of Muscidae, and a minor frequency of Tachinidae, Drosophilidae, Sphaeroceridae, Ulidiidae, Syrphidae, Chloropidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Piophilidae. A panel of 16 virulence-encoding genes related to ExPEC infections were investigated, which revealed predominance of serum resistance (traT, 31/51 = 60.8%; ompT, 29/51 = 56.9%), iron uptake (irp2, 17/51 = 33.3%, iucD 11/51 = 21.6%), and adhesins (papC, 6/51 = 11.8%; papA, 5/51 = 9.8%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal Dipterans from milking environment carrying ExPEC virulence-encoding genes also identified in clinical bovine E. coli-induced infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Motta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Maringa, Umuarama, PR, 87507-190, Brazil
| | - Lorrayne S A M Motta
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Amanda B Bertolini
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Aline M Prado
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Patricia J Thyssen
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Hernandes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Henrique Orsi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Vera L M Rall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Fábio L R Gouvea
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Simony T Guerra
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Felipe F Guimarães
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Sâmea F Joaquim
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - José C Pantoja
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Márcio G Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
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Orsi H, Guimarães FF, Leite DS, Guerra ST, Joaquim SF, Pantoja JCF, Hernandes RT, Lucheis SB, Ribeiro MG, Langoni H, Rall VLM. Characterization of mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli reveals the diversity of Escherichia coli isolates associated with bovine clinical mastitis in Brazil. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1403-1413. [PMID: 36567244 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli (MPEC) is one of the most common pathogens associated with clinical mastitis. We analyzed isolates obtained from milk samples of cows with clinical mastitis, collected from 10 farms in Brazil, to verify molecular and phenotypic characteristics. A total of 192 (4.5%) mammary pathogenic E. coli isolates were obtained from 4,275 milk samples analyzed, but we tested 161. We assigned most of these isolates to E. coli phylogroups B1 (52.8%) and A (36.6%), although phylogroups B2, C, D, E, and unknown also occurred. All isolates were assessed for the presence of several genes encoding virulence factors, such as adhesins (sfaDE, papC, afaBC III, ecpA, fimH, papA, and iha), toxins (hlyA, cnf1, sat, vat, and cdt), siderophores (iroN, irp2, iucD, ireA, and sitA), an invasion protein (ibeA), and serum resistance proteins (traT, KpsMTII, and ompT), and isolates from phylogroups B1, B2, and E showed up to 8 genes. Two isolates harbored the locus of enterocyte effacement (escN+) and lack the bundle-forming pilus (bfpB-) operon, which corresponds to a molecular profile of a subgroup of diarrheagenic E. coli (aEPEC), thus being classified as hybrid MPEC/aEPEC isolates. These isolates displayed a localized adherence-like pattern of adherence in HeLa cells and were able to promote F-actin polymerization underneath adherent bacteria. Based on the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses, considerable genetic variability was observed. A low index of antimicrobial resistance was observed and 2 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli were identified, both harboring blaCTX-M15 gene, and were classified as ST10 and ST993 using multilocus sequence typing. A total of 148 (91.2%) isolates were weak biofilm producers or formed no biofilm. Because raw milk is still frequently consumed in Brazil, the occurrence of virulence factor-encoding genes from extraintestinal or diarrheagenic E. coli added to the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing isolates can turn this veterinary medicine problem into a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Orsi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 689, Brazil
| | - Felipe F Guimarães
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Domingos S Leite
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, SP 13083 970, Brazil
| | - Simony T Guerra
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Sâmea F Joaquim
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Jose C F Pantoja
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Hernandes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 689, Brazil
| | - Simone B Lucheis
- Paulista Agency of Agribusiness Technology, Bauru, SP 17030 000, Brazil
| | - Márcio G Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Vera L M Rall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 689, Brazil.
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Alonso JDM, Martins ES, Peccinini RG, Rosa GS, Guerra ST, Ribeiro MG, Santos B, García HDM, Watanabe MJ, Takahira RK, Rodrigues CA, Alves ALG, Hussni CA. Plasma and Peritoneal Ceftriaxone Concentrations After Intraperitoneal Administration in Horses With Septic Peritonitis. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 96:103310. [PMID: 33349404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal ceftriaxone administration in healthy horses results in high and prolonged peritoneal concentrations. Recent findings suggest that intraperitoneal ceftriaxone might increase survival rates in horses affected by peritonitis. The present study aimed to evaluate plasma and peritoneal concentrations of ceftriaxone after intraperitoneal administration in horses with septic peritonitis. Twenty-six horses presenting clinical, laboratorial, and sonographic findings compatible with the disease were included. All horses received daily intraperitoneal ceftriaxone (25 mg/kg bwt) in addition or not with other antibiotics and support therapies. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine plasma and peritoneal ceftriaxone concentrations before and after 12 and 24 hours of ceftriaxone administration. Mean plasma concentrations 12 and 24 hours after administration were, respectively, 1.84 ± 0.43 and 0.37 ± 0.07 μg/mL, and mean peritoneal concentrations were 5.7 ± 2.84 and 0.42 ± 0.13 μg/mL. Ceftriaxone concentration was lower in comparison with previous studies in healthy horses and presented under the minimal inhibitory concentration for enterobacteria (≤1 μg/mL) and for gram-positive isolates (≤0.5 μg/mL) at 24 hours. The variation of the results obtained between healthy horses and with septic peritonitis demonstrated that pharmacokinetics/dynamics are different between these patients and suggests the use of an interval of dose of 12 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de M Alonso
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Evelin S Martins
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rosangela G Peccinini
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Gustavo S Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Simony T Guerra
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Márcio G Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Henry D M García
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marcos J Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Regina K Takahira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Celso A Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Liz G Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Hussni
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil.
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Dalanezi FM, Joaquim SF, Guimarães FF, Guerra ST, Lopes BC, Schmidt EMS, Cerri RLA, Langoni H. Influence of pathogens causing clinical mastitis on reproductive variables of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3648-3655. [PMID: 32089296 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In dairy cattle, mastitis is a disease of the mammary gland caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae. Mastitis causes economic losses to dairy farms as well as public health concerns. The reproductive efficiency of commercial dairy herds has important implications for the economic success of dairy operations and is strongly associated with the health status of cows. Mastitis has previously been linked with decreased fertility of dairy cows, but the effect of specific pathogens on the severity of fertility reduction is still unclear. In this study, cows diagnosed with mastitis caused by major pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Mycoplasma spp., and environmental Streptococcus) needed more artificial inseminations (AI) than did cows with mastitis caused by minor pathogens (coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium spp.) and healthy cows. Cows diagnosed with mastitis, independent of what pathogen was causing mastitis, had more days open compared with nonmastitic cows. The percentage of cows that successfully established pregnancy at first AI was greater for the control group than for the major pathogens group but not significantly different from the minor pathogens group. Pregnancy loss was lower in the control group than in the major pathogens group; however, there was no difference compared with the minor pathogen group. Mastitis caused by gram-negative bacteria decreased the percentage of pregnancy per first AI and increased days open and pregnancy loss compared with the control group. Cows with mastitis caused by gram-positive bacteria also had increased days open compared with control cows. This study shows that different mastitis-causing bacteria can affect the fertility of cows differently. Mastitis events caused by major pathogens and gram-negative bacteria were associated with the greatest decrease in reproductive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Dalanezi
- Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18168-681, Brazil
| | - S F Joaquim
- Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18168-681, Brazil
| | - F F Guimarães
- Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18168-681, Brazil
| | - S T Guerra
- Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18168-681, Brazil
| | - B C Lopes
- Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18168-681, Brazil
| | - E M S Schmidt
- Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18168-681, Brazil
| | - R L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Applied Animal Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - H Langoni
- Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18168-681, Brazil.
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Guerra ST, Orsi H, Joaquim SF, Guimarães FF, Lopes BC, Dalanezi FM, Leite DS, Langoni H, Pantoja JCF, Rall VLM, Hernandes RT, Lucheis SB, Ribeiro MG. Short communication: Investigation of extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence genes, bacterial motility, and multidrug resistance pattern of strains isolated from dairy cows with different severity scores of clinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3606-3614. [PMID: 32037173 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a major pathogen involved in the etiology of environmentally derived bovine mastitis and is characterized by a variety of virulence factors (VF). Mammary infections with E. coli have shown a wide range of clinical signs, causing changes in milk (score 1, or mild), abnormal appearance of milk and udder inflammation (score 2, or moderate), and abnormalities in milk, udder inflammation, and systemic signs of illness (score 3, or severe). Nevertheless, to date, the profile of the genes related to the virulence of the pathogen in mammary infections and the severity scores of cases have not been thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, a panel of 18 virulence-encoding genes associated with extra-enteric pathogenicity of E. coli (ExPEC) were investigated in addition to in vitro swimming and swarming motility profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance patterns among 114 E. coli strains isolated from cows with clinical mastitis and different severity scores. Of 114 clinical cases, 39.5, 54.4, and 6.1% were mild, moderate, and severe, respectively. The main genes related to VF harbored by isolates were adhesins (fimH 100%; ecpA 64.0%, fimA 31.6%), serum resistance (traT 81.6%; ompT 35.1%), siderophores (irp2 9.6%), and hemolysin (hlyA 7%). Among the isolates studied, 99.1% showed in vitro resistance to bacitracin and cloxacillin, and 98.2% to lincosamin. Of the total isolates, 98.2% were considered multidrug resistant based on the multiple antimicrobial resistance index. No significant difference was observed between mean swimming (13.8 mm) and swarming (13.5 mm) motility, as well as severity scores of clinical mastitis and the ExPEC genes studied. The isolation of strains resistant to various antimicrobials, even though tested only in vitro, highlights the importance of rational use of antimicrobials for mastitis treatment. The high prevalence of the genes related to serum resistance (traT and ompT) and adhesion (ecpA) of the pathogen, in addition to main associations between the genes fimH, ecpA, and traT among cows with severity scores of 1 (15%) and 2 (22.6%), indicates that the genes traT, ecpA, and ompT could be further studied as biomarkers of ExPEC for clinical intramammary infections. In addition, the ExPEC genes ompT (protectin), ibe10 (invasin), and ecpA (adhesin) were investigated for the first time among cows with mastitis, where scores of clinical severity were assessed. Results of this study contribute to the characterization of virulence mechanisms and antimicrobial resistance profile of ExPEC variants that affect dairy cows with different scores of clinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simony T Guerra
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Henrique Orsi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 689, Brazil
| | - Sâmea F Joaquim
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Felipe F Guimarães
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Bruna C Lopes
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Dalanezi
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Domingos S Leite
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, SP 13083 970, Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Jose C F Pantoja
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil
| | - Vera L M Rall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 689, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Hernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 689, Brazil
| | - Simone B Lucheis
- Paulista Agency of Agribusiness Technology, Bauru, SP 17030 000, Brazil
| | - Márcio G Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618 681, Brazil.
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Rocha LS, Silva DM, Silva MP, Vidigal PMP, Silva JCF, Guerra ST, Ribeiro MG, Mendes TADO, Ribon ADOB. Comparative genomics of Staphylococcus aureus associated with subclinical and clinical bovine mastitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220804. [PMID: 31390381 PMCID: PMC6685620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis to reduce losses and promote animal welfare. Staphylococcus aureus may cause bovine clinical mastitis, but it is mainly associated with subclinical infection, which is usually persistent and can easily reoccur. Here, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis between strains of S. aureus causing subclinical infection (Sau170, 302, 1269, 1364), previously sequenced by our group, and two well-characterized strains causing clinical mastitis (N305 and RF122) to find differences that could be linked to mastitis outcome. A total of 146 virulence-associated genes were compared and no appreciable differences were found between the bacteria. However, several nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in genes present in the subclinical strains when compared to RF122 and N305, especially in genes encoding host immune evasion and surface proteins. The secreted and surface proteins predicted by in silico tools were compared through multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS), revealing a high degree of similarity among the strains. The comparison of orthologous genes by OrthoMCL identified a membrane transporter and a lipoprotein as exclusive of bacteria belonging to the subclinical and clinical groups, respectively. No hit was found in RF122 and N305 for the membrane transporter using BLAST algorithm. For the lipoprotein, sequences of Sau170, 302, 1269, and 1364 with identities between 68–73% were found in the MDS dataset. A conserved region found only in the lipoprotein genes of RF122 and N305 was used for primer design. Although the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on field isolates of S. aureus did not validate the findings for the transporter, the lipoprotein was able to separate the clinical from the subclinical isolates. These results show that sequence variation among bovine S. aureus, and not only the presence/absence of virulence factors, is an important aspect to consider when comparing isolates causing different mastitis outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lis S. Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Danielle M. Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mônica P. Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - José Cleydson F. Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Interações Planta Praga/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Simony T. Guerra
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP/Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Márcio G. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP/Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Andréa de O. B. Ribon
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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7
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Guerra ST, Dalanezi FM, de Paula CL, Hernandes RT, Pantoja JCF, Listoni FJP, Langoni H, Ribeiro MG. Putative virulence factors of extra-intestinal Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis with different clinical scores. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:403-408. [PMID: 30629752 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the genes kpsMTII, iucD, sfaDE, afaBC, papA and papC, (proposed to be involved in extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli-ExPEC), phylogroup classification and the in vitro swimming and swarming motility in 50 E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis with different clinical severity scores (mild, moderate and severe). The aforementioned genes were detected in 12 (n = 12/50; 24·0%) isolates. kpsMTII and iucD were the most frequent genes identified in six (n = 6/50; 12·0%) and four (n = 4/50; 8·0%) of the isolates, respectively. In only one (n = 1/50; 2·0%) isolate, more than one gene was simultaneously identified: iucD and kpsMTll were detected whereas sfaDE and afaBC were not detected. Mild, moderate and severe clinical signs were observed in 40·0% (n = 20/50), 28·0% (n = 14/50) and 32·0% (n = 16/50) of the cases. Commensal phylogroups B1 (n = 19/50; 38·0%) and A (n = 19/50; 38·0%) were prevalent; whereas pathogenic phylogroups B2 and D were observed in only 10·0% (n = 5/50). Swarming and swimming motilities were observed in 90·0% (n = 45/50) and 68·0% (n = 34/50) of the isolates, respectively; and there was a significant association (P = 0·0036) between swarming motility and severe clinical cases (score 3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where clinical severity of bovine mastitis cases and the genes proposed to classify ExPEC were assessed in relation to swarming and swimming motility. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Escherichia coli is classified as extra-intestinal (ExPEC) when strains contain at least two of the genes kpsMTII, iucD, sfaDE, afaBC and papA and/or papC. We investigated in vitro motility and the presence of these genes in 50 E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis with different clinical scores (mild, moderate and severe). Clinical severity was not associated with the genes studied. Swarming motility was associated with severe cases (score 3) of clinical mastitis. Results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the factors that determine the severity of clinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Guerra
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - F M Dalanezi
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - C L de Paula
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - R T Hernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, IBB, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - J C F Pantoja
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - F J P Listoni
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - H Langoni
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - M G Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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8
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Ribeiro MG, Nardi Júnior GD, Megid J, Franco MM, Guerra ST, Portilho FV, Rodrigues SA, Paes AC. Tetanus in horses: an overview of 70 cases. Pesq Vet Bras 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Tetanus is characterized by high case fatality rates in horses. Comprehensive case series studies involving equine tetanus from different geographic areas enable the evaluation of prognosis, efficacy of treatment, and control measures. We retrospectively investigated some selected epidemiological data (breed, age, gender, use of the horses, history of vaccination, seasonality, presence of wound/history of surgical procedures, clinical outcomes) and main clinical aspects (clinical signs, incubation period, length of hospitalization, and period between onset signs and hospitalization) in 70 cases of equine tetanus over 1990-2015, with emphasis in the association between these data and the clinical outcomes. High mortality rate (72.9%) was observed in this study. Forty (57.1%) horses presented history of wounds or surgical procedures related with tetanus, represented mainly by lesions in the hind limbs (42.5%), front limbs (15.0%), umbilical infections (7.1%), castration (4.3%), and face wounds (4.3%). Hyperesthesia, limb spasticity, cervical stiffness, tetanic spasms, and restriction of jaw movement were the main consistent clinical signs. Besides no statistical association, all the horses with umbilical infections, wounds in face, prolonged recumbency, sweating, dysphagia/aphagia died, and together with delay between onset of first clinical signs and prompt veterinary assistance (< 5 days) were considered indicative of poor prognosis; whereas there was a significant association (p=0.001) between survival and length of hospitalization > 7 days, seemed as an evidence of good prognosis. The high mortality rate of tetanus, even in horses under specific treatment, highlight the need for early diagnosis, prompt veterinary assistance, and establishment of prophylatic measures in equine farms.
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9
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Risseti RM, Zastempowska E, Twarużek M, Lassa H, Pantoja JCF, de Vargas APC, Guerra ST, Bolaños CAD, de Paula CL, Alves AC, Colhado BS, Portilho FVR, Tasca C, Lara GHB, Ribeiro MG. Virulence markers associated with Trueperella pyogenes infections in livestock and companion animals. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:125-132. [PMID: 28561264 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that causes diverse pyogenic infections in livestock. The genes that encode the exotoxin pyolysin (plo) and other putative factors that promote adhesion of pathogen to host cells (fimbriae fimA, fimC, fimE, fimG, neuraminidases nanH, nanP, and collagen-binding protein cbpA) have been associated with virulence, particularly in mastitis and uterus infections of dairy cows. However, the role of these virulence markers in the pathogenicity of the agent in domestic animals infections still is incompletely understood. The genes plo, fimA, fimC, fimE, fimG, nanH, nanP, and cbpA were investigated in 71 T. pyogenes strains recovered from cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, equines, and a pig, recovered from mastitis (n = 35), and non-mastitis (n = 36) cases (abscesses, reproductive tract diseases, pneumonia, lymphadenitis, encephalitis). The most common genes harboured by the isolates were: plo (71/71 = 100·0%), fimA (70/71 = 98·6%), nanP (56/71 = 78·9%), fimE (53/71 = 74·6%), fimC (46/71 = 64·8%) and nanH (45/71 = 63·4%), whereas cbpA (6/71 = 8·4%) and fimG (4/71 = 5·6%) were uncommon. The most frequent genotypes were plo/fimA/fimE/fimC/nanH/nanP (17/71 = 23·9%), plo/fimA/fimE/nanH/nanP (13/71 = 18·3%), and plo/fimA/fimE/fimC/nanP (11/71 = 15·5%). No association was observed between the presence of genes vs clinical signs or host species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on aforementioned virulence factors of pathogen detected in diseased horses and dogs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The role of particular virulence factors of Trueperella pyogenes that determine different pyogenic infections among domestic animals is poorly understood. Eight putative virulence genes and genotype profiles of 71 isolates were investigated among different clinical manifestations in domestic animals. The most common genes were plo (71/71 = 100·0%), fimA (70/71 = 98·6%), nanP (56/71 = 78·9%), fimE (53/71 = 74·6%), fimC (46/71 = 64·8%) and nanH (45/71 = 63·4%), whereas plo/fimA/fimE/fimC/nanH/nanP (17/71 = 23·9%), plo/fimA/fimE/nanH/nanP (13/71 = 18·3%), and plo/fimA/fimE/fimC/nanP (11/71 = 15·5%) were the most frequent genotypes. Studies involving virulence factors are critical in the investigation of molecular epidemiology, pathogenicity, and hypothetical differences in the virulence among T. pyogenes strains from different geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Risseti
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - E Zastempowska
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - H Lassa
- Milk Testing Laboratory, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - J C F Pantoja
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - A P C de Vargas
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - S T Guerra
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - C A D Bolaños
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - C L de Paula
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - A C Alves
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - B S Colhado
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - F V R Portilho
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - C Tasca
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - G H B Lara
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - M G Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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10
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Alves AC, Capra E, Morandi S, Cremonesi P, Pantoja JCF, Langoni H, de Vargas APC, da Costa MM, Jagielski T, Bolaños CAD, Guerra ST, Ribeiro MG. In vitro algicidal effect of guanidine on Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 strains isolated from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 64:419-423. [PMID: 28349671 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prototheca species have increasingly been reported to be opportunistic pathogens that cause mastitis in dairy herds, and it poses an emergent problem because at present, there are no effective therapies for the treatment of protothecal mastitis. This study investigated the in vitro algicidal effect of guanidine on 75 Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 strains isolated from 75 cases of clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. All strains were susceptible to guanidine in vitro with minimal algaecide concentrations ranging from 0·001 to 0·035%. Guanidine is known to have a high microbicidal effect and is considered to be a new generation microbicidal compound. It is not toxic to human mucous membranes and conjunctivas at low concentrations and has been used as a disinfectant in swimming pools and as an antiseptic for human wounds. The algicidal action of guanidine at low concentrations indicates that it could be an alternative disinfectant or antiseptic for cleaning of the dairy environment and milking equipment, in pre- and postdipping solutions, in the chemical dry therapy of bovine teats and even in the intramammary therapy of P. zopfii infections. This is the first report of the in vitro algicidal effect of guanidine on P. zopfii strains of animal origin. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 is an opportunistic pathogen of bovine mastitis. To date, no effective therapies against protothecal mastitis have been developed. The in vitro algicidal effect of guanidine on 75 P. zopfii genotype 2 strains isolated from cows revealed that all of the isolates were susceptible to the compound at low concentrations, which indicates that guanidine may be used as an antiseptic/disinfectant for dairy milking equipment, in pre- and postdipping solutions, and as a chemical dry therapy or an intramammary therapy. This study describes the in vitro algicidal effect of guanidine on P. zopfii for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Alves
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - E Capra
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - S Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - P Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - J C F Pantoja
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - H Langoni
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - A P C de Vargas
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M M da Costa
- Federal University of São Francisco Valley, PE, Brazil
| | - T Jagielski
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C A D Bolaños
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - S T Guerra
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M G Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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11
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Motta RG, Martins LS, Motta IG, Guerra ST, Paula CLD, Bolanos CAD, Silva RCD, Ribeiro MG. Multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from septic arthritis in horses. Pesq Vet Bras 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Septic arthritis is a debilitating joint infectious disease of equines that requires early diagnosis and immediate therapeutic intervention to prevent degenerative effects on the articular cartilage, as well as loss of athletic ability and work performance of the animals. Few studies have investigated the etiological complexity of this disease, as well as multidrug resistance of isolates. In this study, 60 horses with arthritis had synovial fluid samples aseptically collected, and tested by microbiological culture and in vitro susceptibility test (disk diffusion) using nine antimicrobials belonging to six different pharmacological groups. Bacteria were isolated in 45 (75.0%) samples, as follows: Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (11=18.3%), Escherichia coli (9=15.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (6=10.0%), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (5=8.3%), Staphylococcus intermedius (2=3.3%), Proteus vulgaris (2=3.3%), Trueperella pyogenes (2=3.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2=3.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1=1.7%), Rhodococcus equi (1=1.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (1=1.7%), Klebsiella oxytoca (1=1.7%), Nocardia asteroides (1=1.7%), and Enterobacter cloacae (1=1.7%). Ceftiofur was the most effective drug (>70% efficacy) against the pathogens in the disk diffusion test. In contrast, high resistance rate (>70% resistance) was observed to penicillin (42.2%), enrofloxacin (33.3%), and amikacin (31.2%). Eleven (24.4%) isolates were resistant to three or more different pharmacological groups and were considered multidrug resistant strains. The present study emphasizes the etiological complexity of equine septic arthritis, and highlights the need to institute treatment based on the in vitro susceptibility pattern, due to the multidrug resistance of isolates. According to the available literature, this is the first report in Brazil on the investigation of the etiology. of the septic arthritis in a great number of horses associated with multidrug resistance of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G. Motta
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil; Universidade de Rio Verde, Brazil
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