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Pessoa VC, Branco-Ferreira M, Jónsdóttir S, Marti E, Tilley P. Comparison of Skin Prick Tests (SPT), Intradermal Tests (IDT) and In Vitro Tests in the Characterization of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH) in a Population of Lusitano Horses: Contribution for Future Implementation of SPT in IBH Diagnosis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2733. [PMID: 37684997 PMCID: PMC10486572 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty controls (C) and 30 IBH-affected (T) Lusitano horses were evaluated. T horses were included based on anamnesis and physical examination, supported by questionnaires. All horses were submitted to skin tests, Intrademal (IDT) and Skin Prick Tests (SPT), on the neck with 14 specific allergens, 13 recombinant proteins (r-proteins) from Culicoides nubeculosus (Cul n) and Culicoides obsoletus (Cul o) salivary glands and Culicoides nubeculosus Whole Body Extract (Cul n WBE). Addicionally, a cluster of six T and six C horses were also tested with Cul n 3 and Cul n 4 produced in insect cells and barley, as well as E. coli produced Cul o 3 and Cul o WBE. Allergen concentrations were 10 µg/mL for IDT and 100 µg/mL for SPT, and wheal diameters assessed at 20 min, 6 and 48 h. IDTs were considered positive when wheal diameter was ≥50% of the histamine wheal and SPT's ≥ 0.9 cm. In vitro tests, allergen-specific serum IgE and sulfidoleukotriene (sLT) release assay were also carried out. Results showed that Cul n WBE, Cul n 7, 8, 9, Cul o1P and Cul o 2P were the best performing allergens for SPTs (p ≤ 0.0001) for the 1st allergen panel and Cul o WBE, Cul n 3 Bar and Cul n 4 Bac (p ≤ 0.05) for the 2nd, presenting a higher discriminatory diagnostic potential than IDTs, at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, with readings assessed at 20 min. Regarding in vitro tests overall, the sLT release assay performed best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Carvalho Pessoa
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;
- AL4Animals—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Branco-Ferreira
- Immunoallergology University Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Sigridur Jónsdóttir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Keldur, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Paula Tilley
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;
- AL4Animals—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Cox A, Stewart AJ. Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses: Causes, Diagnosis, Scoring and New Therapies. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2514. [PMID: 37570323 PMCID: PMC10416928 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH, Queensland itch, sweet itch, equine summer eczema) is the most common pruritic disease of horses. It is most often caused by sensitivity to the saliva of Culicoides spp. of biting midges; however, it can also be caused by hypersensitivity to other insect species. The prevalence of IBH in horses is reported to be as high as 60% in some parts of the world. Due to the severe pruritus and effects of secondary self-trauma, IBH has animal welfare concerns, and there is currently no cure. Management of this condition is life-long, time consuming and costly. New grading systems to document disease severity are being validated, which will allow the comparison of clinical trial results of new and existing therapies. Management involves the minimisation of insect bites by use of stabling, fans, rugs and repellents. Symptomatic therapy involves the administration of systemic or topical corticosteroids, systemic antihistamines, and creams and sprays to promote skin healing and decrease inflammation. New immune-mediated therapeutics including vaccines, in addition to desensitisation procedures, show promise at controlling hypersensitivity reactions. This article will review aetiologic agents, pathophysiology, scoring systems and current and new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison J. Stewart
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton, 5391 Warrego Highway, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
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Marsella R, White S, Fadok VA, Wilson D, Mueller R, Outerbridge C, Rosenkrantz W. Equine allergic skin diseases: Clinical consensus guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:175-208. [PMID: 37154488 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic skin diseases are common in horses worldwide. The most common causes are insect bites and environmental allergens. OBJECTIVES To review the current literature and provide consensus on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors reviewed the literature up to November 2022. Results were presented at North America Veterinary Dermatology Forum (2021) and European Veterinary Dermatology Congress (2021). The report was available to member organisations of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology for feedback. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the best characterised allergic skin disease. An immunoglobulin (Ig)E response against Culicoides salivary antigens is widely documented. Genetics and environmental factors play important roles. Tests with high sensitivity and specificity are lacking, and diagnosis of IBH is based on clinical signs, seasonality and response to insect control. Eosinophils, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-31 are explored as therapeutic targets. Presently, the most effective treatment is insect avoidance. Existing evidence does not support allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) using commercially available extracts of Culicoides. Hypersensitivity to environmental allergens (atopic dermatitis) is the next most common allergy. A role for IgE is supported by serological investigation, skin test studies and positive response to ASIT. Prospective, controlled, randomised studies are limited, and treatment relies largely on glucocorticoids, antihistamines and ASIT based on retrospective studies. Foods are known triggers for urticaria, yet their role in pruritic dermatitis is unknown. Recurrent urticaria is common in horses, yet our understanding is limited and focussed on IgE and T-helper 2 cell response. Prospective, controlled studies on treatments for urticaria are lacking. Glucocorticoids and antihistamines are primary reported treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - S White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - V A Fadok
- Zoetis, US PET CARE, Bellaire, Texas, USA
| | - D Wilson
- School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Mueller
- Medizinische Keleintierklinik, Zentrum für klinische Tiermedizin, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - C Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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White SL. Control of chronic allergic pruritus in horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. White
- Department of Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
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Fettelschoss V, Olomski F, Birkmann K, Kündig TM, Bergvall K, Fettelschoss‐Gabriel A. Interleukin 31 and targeted vaccination in a case series of six horses with chronic pruritus. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Fettelschoss
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
| | - F. Olomski
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
| | | | - T. M. Kündig
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - K. Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agriculture Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Fettelschoss‐Gabriel
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
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van Damme CMM, van den Broek J, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM. Discrepancies in the bilateral intradermal test and serum tests in atopic horses. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:390-e104. [PMID: 32743929 PMCID: PMC7589420 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background In equine atopic patients intradermal testing (IDT) and immunoglobulin (Ig)E serology are used frequently. There is little evidence regarding the reproducibility of the IDT and IgE serology in horses. Objectives To compare the results of a simultaneously performed IDT on the left and right side of the neck in atopic horses, and to compare these results with allergen‐specific IgE serology. Animals Ten equine patients from a university hospital population with chronic urticaria and/or pruritus. Methods and materials The IDT was performed using 16 allergens and the results were evaluated after 30 min, 1, 4 and 24 h. Thirteen allergens also were analysed in duplicate with two monoclonal allergen‐specific IgE enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results Good agreement (Kappa > 0.6) between left and right IDT was found only for Dermatophagoides farinae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, birch pollen mixture and perennial rye at 30 min, birch pollen mixture at 1 h, and Acarus siro and nettle and common mugwort mixture at 4 h. The bilateral comparison of the other allergens and even the same allergens at other time points showed little or no concordance between left and right IDT. The interlaboratory comparison between both ELISAs, and the comparison between the ELISAs and IDT, showed a good agreement for two of 13 allergens: D. farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Conclusions and clinical importance Based on these preliminary data, IDT and IgE serological test results should be interpreted with great care and further studies are needed to indicate the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina M M van Damme
- Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht NL, 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van den Broek
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht NL, 3584 CM, The Netherlands
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Forsyth J, Halliwell RE, Harrand R. Co-reactivity between related and unrelated environmental allergens in equine allergen-specific IgE serology testing in the UK. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:544-e165. [PMID: 31464011 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of environmental allergens in horses with allergic disease facilitates allergen avoidance and targeted immunotherapy. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate allergenic co-reactivity between 44 environmental allergens. ANIMALS Horses with suspected allergic disease (n = 344) whose sera were submitted for environmental allergen testing. METHODS AND MATERIALS Allergen-specific IgE serological assays were performed using 44 allergens divided into six taxonomically related groups: house dust/storage mites, moulds, insects, grass, tree and weed pollens. Using pairwise comparisons, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each environmental pair to determine if there was increased or decreased likelihood of a positive result for one allergen, given a positive result to another. The OR significance was set (using Holm-Bonferroni correction) at P < 0.00006 for all horses (n = 344) and P < 0.00005 for horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239). Using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc tests (significance at P < 0.05), differences in mean log e ORs between three groups, taxonomically related allergens with a statistically significant association (related-associated), related allergens lacking a significant association (related-nonassociated) and unrelated allergens were tested. RESULTS Statistically significant associations were found between both related and unrelated allergen pairs, the former being more frequent. For all horses (n = 344) and horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239), co-reactivity ranged from 100% (grasses) to 0% (moulds). The weeds group was exceptional in having more co-reactions with another group (grasses). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Co-reactivity was shown within and between certain related allergen groups. Further studies are required to determine whether this is the result of antigenic cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Forsyth
- Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK
| | - Richard E Halliwell
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Robert Harrand
- Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK
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8
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Einhorn L, Hofstetter G, Brandt S, Hainisch EK, Fukuda I, Kusano K, Scheynius A, Mittermann I, Resch-Marat Y, Vrtala S, Valenta R, Marti E, Rhyner C, Crameri R, Satoh R, Teshima R, Tanaka A, Sato H, Matsuda H, Pali-Schöll I, Jensen-Jarolim E. Molecular allergen profiling in horses by microarray reveals Fag e 2 from buckwheat as a frequent sensitizer. Allergy 2018; 73:1436-1446. [PMID: 29350763 PMCID: PMC6032949 DOI: 10.1111/all.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Companion animals are also affected by IgE‐mediated allergies, but the eliciting molecules are largely unknown. We aimed at refining an allergen microarray to explore sensitization in horses and compare it to the human IgE reactivity profiles. Methods Custom‐designed allergen microarray was produced on the basis of the ImmunoCAP ISAC technology containing 131 allergens. Sera from 51 horses derived from Europe or Japan were tested for specific IgE reactivity. The included horse patients were diagnosed for eczema due to insect bite hypersensitivity, chronic coughing, recurrent airway obstruction and urticaria or were clinically asymptomatic. Results Horses showed individual IgE‐binding patterns irrespective of their health status, indicating sensitization. In contrast to European and Japanese human sensitization patterns, frequently recognized allergens were Aln g 1 from alder and Cyn d 1 from Bermuda grass, likely due to specific respiratory exposure around paddocks and near the ground. The most prevalent allergen for 72.5% of the tested horses (37/51) was the 2S‐albumin Fag e 2 from buckwheat, which recently gained importance not only in human but also in horse diet. Conclusion In line with the One Health concept, covering human health, animal health and environmental health, allergen microarrays provide novel information on the allergen sensitization patterns of the companion animals around us, which may form a basis for allergen‐specific preventive and therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Einhorn
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University Vienna and University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - G. Hofstetter
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University Vienna and University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Brandt
- Research Group Oncology; Equine Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - E. K. Hainisch
- Research Group Oncology; Equine Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - I. Fukuda
- Racehorse Hospital; Miho Training Center; Japan Racing Association; Mikoma Japan
| | - K. Kusano
- Racehorse Hospital; Miho Training Center; Japan Racing Association; Mikoma Japan
| | - A. Scheynius
- Science for Life Laboratory; Department of Clinical Science and Education; Karolinska Institutet, and Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital; Södersjukhuset; Stockholm Sweden
| | - I. Mittermann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Y. Resch-Marat
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Vrtala
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - E. Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - C. Rhyner
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - R. Crameri
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - R. Satoh
- Division of Food Function Research; Food Research Institute; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Japan
| | - R. Teshima
- National Institute of Health Sciences; Tokyo Japan
| | - A. Tanaka
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine; Division of Animal Life Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Japan
| | - H. Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics; Division of Animal Life Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Japan
| | - H. Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics; Division of Animal Life Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Japan
| | - I. Pali-Schöll
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University Vienna and University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - E. Jensen-Jarolim
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University Vienna and University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- AllergyCare; Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center; Vienna Austria
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Marsella R, De Benedetto A. Atopic Dermatitis in Animals and People: An Update and Comparative Review. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4030037. [PMID: 29056696 PMCID: PMC5644664 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is an extremely common, pruritic, and frustrating disease to treat in both people and animals. Atopic dermatitis is multifactorial and results from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Much progress has been done in recent years in terms of understanding the complex pathogenesis of this clinical syndrome and the identification of new treatments. As we learn more about it, we appreciate the striking similarities that exist in the clinical manifestations of this disease across species. Both in animals and people, atopic disease is becoming increasingly common and important similarities exist in terms of immunologic aberrations and the propensity for allergic sensitization. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent views on atopic dermatitis in both domestic species and in people emphasizing the similarities and the differences. A comparative approach can be beneficial in understanding the natural course of this disease and the variable response to existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 4037 NW 86 Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA.
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 4037 NW 86 Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA.
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Ortiz-Vigón A, Suarez I, Martínez-Villa S, Sanz-Martín I, Bollain J, Sanz M. Safety and performance of a novel collagenated xenogeneic bone block for lateral alveolar crest augmentation for staged implant placement. Clin Oral Implants Res 2017; 29:36-45. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ortiz-Vigón
- ETEP Research Group; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Iñaki Suarez
- ETEP Research Group; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Villa
- ETEP Research Group; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Ignacio Sanz-Martín
- ETEP Research Group; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Bollain
- ETEP Research Group; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP Research Group; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
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Citek J, Vostry L, Vostra-Vydrova H, Brzakova M, Prantlova V. Genetic parameters of insect bite hypersensitivity in the Old Grey Kladruber horse. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:53-58. [PMID: 28177358 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the genetic parameters of insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) in the Old Grey Kladruber horse, an original Czech warmblood horse breed. Insect bite hypersensitivity is a recurrent allergic skin disease affecting horses worldwide. Its etiology is multifactorial. The defect is genetically controlled, and the starting impulse is a bite by midges of the spp. and less frequently spp. Knowledge about the associated genes is limited. Horses were kept by the National Stud in Kladruby (1,146 measurements) and by 10 private breeders (63 measurements). The horses were visually scored by the same inspector over a period of 13 yr from 1996 to 2009. A linear logistic model with a binary variable was used for subsequent statistical analysis. The fixed effects of the farm, year of evaluation, age of evaluation, and sex were significant, and the nonsignificant effect was the intensity of greying. The animals from the National Stud were more strongly affected by IBH than animals from private studs. The National Stud is located near the Labe River, at an altitude of 206 m; there are bottomland pastures in the vicinity, blind river arms, and numerous pools and marshes, and the climate is mild. These conditions are convenient for horse keeping but also for the propagation of . The stallions were less affected than the mares. The occurrence in years of age was influenced by selection; scoring began in the first year of age, and when the young animal was repeatedly positive, it was eliminated from breeding. The estimated h differed significantly from 0, and the direct h were 0.626 in the animal model with a maternal effect, 0.359 in the animal model without a maternal effect, and 0.363 in the animal model without correlation between direct and maternal effect. The maternal h was 0.305. The estimated repeatabilities were 0.636 with a maternal effect, 0.615 without a maternal effect, and 0.623 without correlation. The h of IBH was found to be medium to high, so there is a possibility to reduce the prevalence of IBH by selection.
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12
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Pali-Schöll I, Herrmann I, Jensen-Jarolim E, Iben C. Allergies, with Focus on Food Allergies, in Humans and Their Animals. Comp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47007-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Allergic diseases in animals are increasingly gaining importance in veterinary practice and as research models. For intradermal testing and allergen immunotherapy, a good knowledge of relevant allergens for the individual species is of great importance. Currently, the knowledge about relevant veterinary allergens is based on sensitization rates identified by intradermal testing or serum testing for allergen-specific IgE; crude extracts are the basis for most evaluations. Only a few studies provide evidence about the molecular structure of (particularly) dust mite, insect and mould allergens in dogs and horses, respectively. In those species, some major allergens differ from those in humans. This position paper summarizes the current knowledge about relevant allergens in dogs, cats and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Janda
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - E Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research-Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Rhyner
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland
| | - E Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Basile RC, Rivera GG, Del Rio LA, de Bonis TCM, do Amaral GPD, Giangrecco E, Ferraz G, Yoshinari NH, Canola PA, Queiroz Neto A. Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:197. [PMID: 26265349 PMCID: PMC4534110 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lyme borreliosis is a disease transmitted by ticks to mammals, especially in horses and humans. Caused by a spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, it can result in lameness, arthritis, carditis, dermatitis and neurological signs. Anaphylactoid reactions are severe responses caused by direct action of substances (drugs, toxins), which can pose risks to life. Still poorly documented in horses, these reactions are caused by the effects of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, kinins and arachidonic acid metabolites. The last two are the most clinically relevant for the species. CASE PRESENTATION The simultaneous occurrence of anaphylactoid reaction in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi undergoing intravenous treatment with ceftriaxone sodium is reported. It was administered 4.7 × 10(8) spirochetes intradermal and subcutaneous applications in both horses to evaluate clinical aspects of the Lyme disease, 95 days before the application of sodium ceftriaxone. During the administration, one horse (a gelding) showed immediate and severe anaphylactoid symptoms such as urticaria, dyspnea, tachycardia, and eyelid edema, which were controlled by injecting dexamethasone. After 1 day, it expressed signs of abdominal discomfort, caused by severe bloat, which was treated surgically via celiotomy. Subsequently, this gelding had piroplasmosis and severe anemia, requiring treatment with an antimicrobial and blood transfusion. Second horse (a mare) showed signs of hypotension during the application of the antibiotic, which disappeared only when the application was interrupted. Days after the event, the mare developed moderate large colon bloat, which was treated with medication only. Subsequently the mare was evolved into the prodromal phase of laminitis in one of the forelimbs, which was treated for 10 days with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and rheology modifying drugs and cryotherapy. CONCLUSIONS From the two cases presented here, it does appear that sodium ceftriaxone can induce anaphylactoid reactions in horses infected by Borrelia burgdorferi, which may evolve into colic syndrome, laminitis and the occurrence of opportunistic infections. However, further evidence should be collected in order to draw definite conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Carvalho Basile
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Lara Antoniassi Del Rio
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Talissa Camargo Mantovani de Bonis
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Paiva Domingues do Amaral
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Edson Giangrecco
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Ferraz
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Natalino Hajime Yoshinari
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo FMUSP, Departamento de Reumatologia, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Antonio Queiroz Neto
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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16
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Einhorn L, Herrmann I, Thalhammer JG, Panakova L. Pollen Allergies in Humans and their Dogs, Cats and Horses: Differences and Similarities. Clin Transl Allergy 2015; 5:15. [PMID: 25852853 PMCID: PMC4387677 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-015-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both humans and their most important domestic animals harbor IgE and a similar IgE receptor repertoire and expression pattern. The same cell types are also involved in the triggering or regulation of allergies, such as mast cells, eosinophils or T-regulatory cells. Translational clinical studies in domestic animals could therefore help cure animal allergies and at the same time gather knowledge relevant to human patients. Dogs, cats and horses may spontaneously and to different extents develop immediate type symptoms to pollen allergens. The skin, nasal and bronchial reactions, as well as chronic skin lesions due to pollen are in principle comparable to human patients. Pollen of various species most often causes allergic rhinitis in human patients, whereas in dogs it elicits predominantly eczematous lesions (canine atopic dermatitis), in horses recurrent airway obstruction or hives as well as pruritic dermatitis, and in cats bronchial asthma and so-called cutaneous reactive patterns (eosinophilic granuloma complex, head and neck pruritus, symmetric self-induced alopecia). In human allergy-specific IgE detection, skin tests or other allergen provocation tests should be completed. In contrast, in animals IgE and dermal tests are regarded as equally important and may even replace each other. However, for practical and economic reasons intradermal tests are most commonly performed in a specialized practice. As in humans, in dogs, cats and horses allergen immunotherapy leads to significant improvement of the clinical symptoms. The collected evidence suggests that canines, felines and equines, with their spontaneous allergies, are attractive model patients for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, c/o Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger G. 18-20, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Lukas Einhorn
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, c/o Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger G. 18-20, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Ina Herrmann
- Dermatology Unit, Clinics of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann G Thalhammer
- Dermatology Unit, Clinics of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Panakova
- Dermatology Unit, Clinics of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Dupont S, De Spiegeleer A, Liu DJX, Lefère L, van Doorn DA, Hesta M. A commercially available immunoglobulin E-based test for food allergy gives inconsistent results in healthy ponies. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:109-13. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dupont
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Ghent University; Belgium
| | | | - D. J. X. Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - L. Lefère
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - D. A. van Doorn
- Cavalor Equine Nutrition Research; Drongen Belgium
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - M. Hesta
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Ghent University; Belgium
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The equine immune responses to infectious and allergic disease: a model for humans? Mol Immunol 2014; 66:89-96. [PMID: 25457878 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The modern horse, Equus caballus has historically made important contributions to the field of immunology, dating back to Emil von Behring's description of curative antibodies in equine serum over a century ago. While the horse continues to play an important role in human serotherapy, the mouse has replaced the horse as the predominant experimental animal in immunology research. Nevertheless, continuing efforts have led to an improved understanding of the equine immune response in a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Based on this information, we can begin to identify specific situations where the horse may provide a unique immunological model for certain human diseases.
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