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Heldner A, Heath MD, Schnautz B, Kotz S, Chaker A, Kramer MF, Jakwerth CA, Zissler UM, Schmidt-Weber CB, Blank S. Ex Vivo Immunomodulatory Effects of Lactobacillus-, Lacticaseibacillus-, and Bifidobacterium-Containing Synbiotics on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in the Context of Grass Pollen Allergy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:868-879. [PMID: 35113319 PMCID: PMC10393851 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensing of the intestinal microbiota by the host immune system is important to induce protective immune responses. Hence, modification of the gut microbiota might be able to prevent or treat allergies, mediated by proinflammatory Th2 immune responses. The aim was to investigate the ex vivo immunomodulatory effects of the synbiotics Pollagen® and Kallergen®, containing the probiotic bacterial strains Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus and Bifidobacterium, in the context of grass pollen allergy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from grass pollen-allergic patients and healthy controls were stimulated with grass pollen extract (GPE) and synbiotics and Gata3 expression and cytokine secretion analyzed. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) cells were matured in the presence of GPE and synbiotics, co-cultured with autologous naïve T cells and maturation markers and cytokine secretion analyzed. GPE stimulation of PBMCs from grass pollen-allergic patients resulted in a significant higher production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 compared to healthy controls. Gata3+CD4+ T cell induction was independent of the allergic status. The synbiotics promoted IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion and downregulated the GPE-induced Th2-like phenotype. Co-culturing naïve T cells with MoDCs, matured in the presence of GPE and synbiotics, shifted the GPE-induced Th2 cytokine release towards Th1-Th17-promoting conditions in allergic subjects. The investigated synbiotics are effective in downregulating the GPE-induced Th2 immune response in PBMCs from grass pollen-allergic patients as well as in autologous MoDC-T cell stimulation assays. In addition to increased IL-10 release, the data indicates a shift from a Th2- to a more Th1- and Th17-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heldner
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Schnautz
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kotz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam Chaker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias F Kramer
- Allergy Therapeutics PLC, Worthing, UK
- Bencard Allergie GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze A Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Nineteen U.S. allergen extracts were standardized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 1987 and 1998, including of two house-dust mites, short ragweed, cat hair and cat pelt, seven temperate and one southern grass, and six Hymenoptera venom preparations. Relevant literature was reviewed. For each allergen, a "representative" extract was established; the potency of each representative extract was determined by measurement of the total protein content (Hymenoptera venom), radial diffusion measurement of the dominant allergen (short ragweed and cat), or, if there was no dominant allergen, then by quantitative skin testing by using the ID50EAL (intradermal dilution for 50 mm sum of erythema determines the bioequivalent allergy units) method. In vitro tests were developed to allow the manufacturer to demonstrate that each lot of its extract was statistically identical, within defined limits, to the FDA reference extract. These tests included radial immunodiffusion, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and isoelectric focusing. The standardized extracts offer the advantage of consistent potency from lot to lot for each manufacturer and also from manufacturer to manufacturer, and assure the presence of recognized significant allergens within the extract. Therefore, standardized extracts offer improved safety and efficacy over their nonstandardized predecessors.
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Jung S, Estrella N, Pfaffl MW, Hartmann S, Ewald F, Menzel A. Impact of elevated air temperature and drought on pollen characteristics of major agricultural grass species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248759. [PMID: 33770086 PMCID: PMC7997036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pollen allergens are known to be one of the major triggers of hay fever with an increasing number of humans affected by pollen associated health impacts. Climate change characterized by increasing air temperature and more frequent drought periods might affect plant development and pollen characteristics. In this study a one-year (2017) field experiment was conducted in Bavaria, Germany, simulating drought by excluding rain and elevated air temperature by installing a heating system to investigate their effects primarily on the allergenic potential of eight selected cultivars of the two grass species timothy and perennial ryegrass. It could be shown for timothy that especially under drought and heat conditions the allergen content is significantly lower accompanied by a decrease in pollen weight and protein content. In perennial ryegrass the response to drought and heat conditions in terms of allergen content, pollen weight, and protein content was more dependent on the respective cultivar probably due to varying requirements for their growth conditions and tolerance to drought and heat. Results support recommendations which cultivars should be grown preferentially. The optimal choice of grass species and respective cultivars under changing climate conditions should be a major key aspect for the public health sector in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Jung
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nicole Estrella
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Department of Animal Physiology & Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stephan Hartmann
- Institute for Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Freising, Germany
| | - Franziska Ewald
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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Hesse L, van Ieperen N, Petersen AH, Elberink JNGO, van Oosterhout AJM, Nawijn MC. High dose vitamin D 3 empowers effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy in a grass pollen-driven mouse model of asthma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20876. [PMID: 33257771 PMCID: PMC7705678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has the potential to provide long-term protection against allergic diseases. However, efficacy of AIT is suboptimal, while application of high doses allergen has safety concerns. The use of adjuvants, like 1,25(OH)2VitD3 (VitD3), can improve efficacy of AIT. We have previously shown that low dose VitD3 can enhance suppression of airway inflammation, but not airway hyperresponsiveness in a grass pollen (GP)-subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) mouse model of allergic asthma. We here aim to determine the optimal dose and formulation of VitD3 for the GP SCIT. GP-sensitized BALBc/ByJ mice received three SCIT injections of VitD3-GP (30, 100, and 300 ng or placebo). Separately, synthetic lipids, SAINT, was added to the VitD3-GP-SCIT formulation (300 nmol) and control groups. Subsequently, mice were challenged with intranasal GP, and airway hyperresponsiveness, GP-specific IgE, -IgG1, and -IgG2a, ear-swelling responses (ESR), eosinophils in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and lung were measured. VitD3 supplementation of GP-SCIT dose-dependently induced significantly enhanced suppression of spIgE, inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, while neutralizing capacity was improved and ESR were reduced. Addition of VitD3 further decreased Th2 cytokine responses and innate cytokines to allergens in lung tissue by GP-SCIT. However, addition of synthetic lipids to the allergen/VitD3 mixes had no additional effect on VitD3-GP-SCIT. We find a clear, dose dependent effect of VitD3 on GP-SCIT-mediated suppression of allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. In contrast, addition of synthetic lipids to the allergen/VitD3 mix had no therapeutic effect. These studies underscore the relevance of VitD3 as an adjuvant to improve clinical efficacy of SCIT treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hesse
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Internal Postcode EA52, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N van Ieperen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Internal Postcode EA52, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen H Petersen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J N G Oude Elberink
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon J M van Oosterhout
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Internal Postcode EA52, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Internal Postcode EA52, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Wang J, Hou W, Christensen MJ, Li X, Xia C, Li C, Nan Z. Role of Epichloë Endophytes in Improving Host Grass Resistance Ability and Soil Properties. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:6944-6955. [PMID: 32551564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed significant advances in understanding the interaction between grasses and systemic fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë, with evidence that plants have evolved multiple strategies to cope with abiotic stresses by reprogramming physiological responses. Soil nutrients directly affect plant growth, while soil microbes are also closely connected to plant growth and health. Epichloë endophytes could affect soil fertility by modifying soil nutrient contents and soil microbial diversity. Therefore, we analyze recent advances in our understanding of the role of Epichloë endophytes under the various abiotic stresses and the role of grass-Epichloë symbiosis on soil fertility. Various cool-season grasses are infected by Epichloë species, which contribute to health, growth, persistence, and seed survival of host grasses by regulating key systems, including photosynthesis, osmotic regulation, and antioxidants and activity of key enzymes of host physiology processes under abiotic stresses. The Epichloë endophyte offers significant prospects to magnify the crop yield, plant resistance, and food safety in ecological systems by modulating soil physiochemical properties and soil microbes. The enhancing resistance of host grasses to abiotic stresses by an Epichloë endophyte is a complex manifestation of different physiological and biochemical events through regulating soil properties and soil microbes by the fungal endophyte. The Epichloë-mediated mechanisms underlying regulation of abiotic stress responses are involved in osmotic adjustment, antioxidant machinery, photosynthetic system, and activity of key enzymes critical in developing plant adaptation strategies to abiotic stress. Therefore, the Epichloë endophytes are an attractive choice in increasing resistance of plants to abiotic stresses and are also a good candidate for improving soil fertility and regulating microbial diversity to improve plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael J Christensen
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Private Bag 11-008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Xiuzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
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Hesse L, Petersen AH, Oude Elberink JNG, van Oosterhout AJM, Nawijn MC. 1,25(OH) 2VitD3 supplementation enhances suppression of grass pollen-induced allergic asthma by subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8960. [PMID: 32488022 PMCID: PMC7265339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) can provide long-term alleviation of symptoms for allergic disease but is hampered by suboptimal efficiency. We and others have previously shown that 1,25(OH)2-VitaminD3 (VitD3) can improve therapeutic efficacy of AIT. However, it is unknown whether VitD3 supplementation has similar effects in sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to test VitD3 supplementation in both grass pollen (GP) subcutaneous-IT (SCIT) and sublingual-IT (SLIT) in a mouse model for allergic airway inflammation. To this end, GP-sensitized BALB/c mice received GP-SCIT or GP-SLIT with or without 10 ng VitD3, followed by intranasal GP challenges and measurement of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation. VitD3 supplementation of GP-SCIT resulted in enhanced induction of GP-specific (sp)-IgG2a and suppression of spIgE after challenge. In addition, eosinophil numbers were reduced and levels of IL10 and Amphiregulin were increased in lung tissue. In GP-SLIT, VitD3 supplementation resulted in enhanced sp-IgG2a levels in serum, enhanced suppression of eosinophils and increased IL10 levels in lung tissue, as well as suppression of AHR to methacholine. These data show that VitD3 increases efficacy of both SCIT and SLIT, by enhancing induction of blocking antibodies and suppression of airway inflammation, underscoring the relevance of proficient VitD3 levels for successful AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hesse
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen H Petersen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne N G Oude Elberink
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of internal medicine, Division of Allergy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon J M van Oosterhout
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Bilancia M, Pasculli G, Di Bona D. A non-stationary Markov model for economic evaluation of grass pollen allergoid immunotherapy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232753. [PMID: 32407326 PMCID: PMC7224467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (ARC) is an IgE-mediated disease that occurs after exposure to indoor or outdoor allergens, or to non-specific triggers. Effective treatment options for seasonal ARC are available, but the economic aspects and burden of these therapies are not of secondary importance, also considered that the prevalence of ARC has been estimated at 23% in Europe. For these reasons, we propose a novel flexible cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) model, intended to provide healthcare professionals and policymakers with useful information aimed at cost-effective interventions for grass-pollen induced allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (ARC). Methods Treatments compared are: 1. no AIT, first-line symptomatic drug-therapy with no allergoid immunotherapy (AIT). 2. SCIT, subcutaneous immunotherapy. 3. SLIT, sublingual immunotherapy. The proposed model is a non-stationary Markovian model, that is flexible enough to reflect those treatment-related problems often encountered in real-life and clinical practice, but that cannot be adequately represented in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). At the same time, we described in detail all the structural elements of the model as well as its input parameters, in order to minimize any issue of transparency and facilitate the reproducibility and circulation of the results among researchers. Results Using the no AIT strategy as a comparator, and the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) as a statistic to summarize the cost-effectiveness of a health care intervention, we could conclude that: Conclusions Even though there is a considerable evidence that SCIT outperforms SLIT, we could not state that both SCIT and SLIT (or only one of these two) can be considered cost-effective for ARC, as a reliable threshold value for cost-effectiveness set by national regulatory agencies for pharmaceutical products is missing. Moreover, the impact of model input parameters uncertainty on the reliability of our conclusions needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bilancia
- Ionic Department in Legal and Economic System of Mediterranean (DJSGEM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Taranto, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuseppe Pasculli
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti (DIAG), La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Wilson ME, McCandless EE, Olszewski MA, Robinson NE. Alveolar macrophage phenotypes in severe equine asthma. Vet J 2020; 256:105436. [PMID: 32113585 PMCID: PMC7768773 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Because the alveolar macrophage (AM) phenotype of horses with severe equine asthma (SEA) is unknown, the cytokines expressed by M1- and M2-polarized AM were determined and the hypothesis that natural hay/straw challenge (NC) induces divergent AM phenotypes in control horses and horses with SEA was tested. Macrophages from control horses were activated either with eIFNγ + lipolysaccharide (LPS) or eIL-4 to characterize M1- or M2-polarized AM gene expression, respectively and determine the response of polarized cells to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS): LPS, zymosan, peptidoglycan and hay dust. Subsequently, gene expression was explored in AM of control horses and horses with SEA at pasture and after NC. M1 polarization increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-8, IL-12p40), IL-10, and CD80. M2 polarization increased CD206 and down-regulated arginase-II and IL-10. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD80 in response to PAMPS was further increased by M1 pre-polarization whereas M2 pre-polarization down-regulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IL-10 but increased CD206. In horses with SEA, AMs had elevated expression of IL-10 both at pasture and after NC, but only after NC in control horses. CD206 expression increased in both groups during NC. At pasture, stimulation by PAMPS augmented expression of IL-8 and IL-10 in horses with SEA compared to control horses. NC eliminated this difference by selectively increasing expression of IL-10 in control horses. A fundamental shift in the macrophage phenotype in SEA is supported by consistently elevated production of IL-10. A similar non-canonical phenotype develops temporarily in control horses upon NC suggesting that AMs in horses with SEA have lost the ability to respond dynamically to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Wilson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - E E McCandless
- Global Therapeutics Research, Zoetis, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - M A Olszewski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - N Edward Robinson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Forsyth J, Halliwell RE, Harrand R. Co-reactivity between related and unrelated environmental allergens in equine allergen-specific IgE serology testing in the UK. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:544-e165. [PMID: 31464011 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of environmental allergens in horses with allergic disease facilitates allergen avoidance and targeted immunotherapy. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate allergenic co-reactivity between 44 environmental allergens. ANIMALS Horses with suspected allergic disease (n = 344) whose sera were submitted for environmental allergen testing. METHODS AND MATERIALS Allergen-specific IgE serological assays were performed using 44 allergens divided into six taxonomically related groups: house dust/storage mites, moulds, insects, grass, tree and weed pollens. Using pairwise comparisons, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each environmental pair to determine if there was increased or decreased likelihood of a positive result for one allergen, given a positive result to another. The OR significance was set (using Holm-Bonferroni correction) at P < 0.00006 for all horses (n = 344) and P < 0.00005 for horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239). Using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc tests (significance at P < 0.05), differences in mean log e ORs between three groups, taxonomically related allergens with a statistically significant association (related-associated), related allergens lacking a significant association (related-nonassociated) and unrelated allergens were tested. RESULTS Statistically significant associations were found between both related and unrelated allergen pairs, the former being more frequent. For all horses (n = 344) and horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239), co-reactivity ranged from 100% (grasses) to 0% (moulds). The weeds group was exceptional in having more co-reactions with another group (grasses). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Co-reactivity was shown within and between certain related allergen groups. Further studies are required to determine whether this is the result of antigenic cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Forsyth
- Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK
| | - Richard E Halliwell
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Robert Harrand
- Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK
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Barber D, Rico P, Blanco C, Fernandez-Rivas M, Ibañez MD, Escribese MM. GRAZAX®: a sublingual immunotherapy vaccine for Hay fever treatment: from concept to commercialization. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2887-2895. [PMID: 31157592 PMCID: PMC6930101 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1622976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy has been used for more than 100 y, but only recently underlying immunological mechanisms have started to be understood. New Allergy vaccines are now considered to be full pharmaceutical products, that should comply with general as well as specific pharmaceutical legal framework. GRAZAX® is the first global allergy vaccine developed in compliance with the new legal environment and is thus a reference for developing new allergy vaccines. Here, we provide a rationale description of GRAZAX®, providing a sequential description of its pharmaceutical and clinical development. With more than 25 clinical trials, involving more than 8000 patients, including as well three 5-y prospective clinical trials, GRAZAX® is a key product to understand the unique position of allergen-specific immunotherapy as a disease-modifying intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Barber
- School of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Rico
- School of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Dolores Ibañez
- Allergy Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. IIS-La Princesa. Fibhnjs, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria M. Escribese
- School of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Winkler C, Hochdörfer T, Israelsson E, Hasselberg A, Cavallin A, Thörn K, Muthas D, Shojaee S, Lüer K, Müller M, Mjösberg J, Vaarala O, Hohlfeld J, Pardali K. Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells after allergen challenge in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:61-69.e7. [PMID: 30731124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are effective producers of IL-5 and IL-13 during allergic inflammation and bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses. ILC2 numbers are increased in asthmatic patients compared with healthy control subjects. Thus far, human data describing their phenotype during acute allergic inflammation in the lung are incomplete. OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize and compare blood- and lung-derived ILC2s before and after segmental allergen challenge in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma with high blood eosinophil counts (≥300 cells/μL). METHODS ILC2s were isolated from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid before and after segmental allergen challenge. Cells were sorted by means of flow cytometry, cultured and analyzed for cytokine release or migration, and sequenced for RNA expression. RESULTS ILC2s were nearly absent in the alveolar space under baseline conditions, but numbers increased significantly after allergen challenge (P < .05), whereas at the same time, ILC2 numbers in blood were reduced (P < .05). Prostaglandin D2 and CXCL12 levels in BAL fluid correlated with decreased ILC2 numbers in blood (P = .004, respective P = .024). After allergen challenge, several genes promoting type 2 inflammation were expressed at greater levels in BAL fluid compared with blood ILC2s, whereas blood ILC2s remain unactivated. CONCLUSION ILC2s accumulate at the site of allergic inflammation and are recruited from the blood. Their transcriptional and functional activation pattern promotes type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Winkler
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Hochdörfer
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Israelsson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annemarie Hasselberg
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Cavallin
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Thörn
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Muthas
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shervin Shojaee
- Discovery Science, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katrin Lüer
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katerina Pardali
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biotech IMED Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Xia C, Li N, Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang X, Nan Z. Role of Epichloë Endophytes in Defense Responses of Cool-Season Grasses to Pathogens: A Review. Plant Dis 2018; 102:2061-2073. [PMID: 30270751 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-18-0762-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Various cool-season grasses are infected by Epichloë endophyte, and this symbiotic relationship is always of benefit to the host grass due to an increased resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Fungal diseases adversely affect the yield, quality, and economic benefits of rangelands, which affects the production of animal husbandry. Therefore, it is imperative to breed resistant cultivars and to better understand the role of fungal endophytes in order to protect grasses against pathogens. The present review introduces research regarding how these endophytes affect the growth of pathogens in vitro and how they change the resistance of host plants to plant diseases. From the perspective of physical defense, changes in physiological indexes, and secretion of chemical compounds, we summarize the potential mechanisms by which endophytes are able to enhance the disease resistance of a host grass. Through these, we aim to establish a solid theoretical foundation for plant disease control and disease resistance breeding by application of fungal endophytes. A broader understanding of fungal endophyte effects on hosts could create a new opportunity for managing or introducing fungal symbioses in both agronomic or non-agronomic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture; and College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, P. O. Box 61, Lanzhou 730020, P. R. China
| | - Nana Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture; and College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, P. O. Box 61, Lanzhou 730020, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture; and College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, P. O. Box 61, Lanzhou 730020, P. R. China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture; and College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, P. O. Box 61, Lanzhou 730020, P. R. China
| | - Xingxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture; and College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, P. O. Box 61, Lanzhou 730020, P. R. China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture; and College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, P. O. Box 61, Lanzhou 730020, P. R. China
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Zissler UM, Jakwerth CA, Guerth FM, Pechtold L, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Dietz K, Suttner K, Piontek G, Haller B, Hajdu Z, Schiemann M, Schmidt-Weber CB, Chaker AM. Early IL-10 producing B-cells and coinciding Th/Tr17 shifts during three year grass-pollen AIT. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:475-488. [PMID: 30318182 PMCID: PMC6197437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Constanze A Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Ferdinand M Guerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Lisa Pechtold
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Katharina Dietz
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Kathrin Suttner
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Guido Piontek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Grillparzerstr. 18, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Zuzana Hajdu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 30, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Adam M Chaker
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany.
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14
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Shamji MH, Temblay JN, Cheng W, Byrne SM, Macfarlane E, Switzer AR, Francisco NDC, Olexandra F, Jacubczik F, Durham SR, Ashton-Rickardt PG. Antiapoptotic serine protease inhibitors contribute to survival of allergenic T H2 cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:569-581.e5. [PMID: 29106998 PMCID: PMC5920800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms that regulate maintenance of persistent TH2 cells and potentiate allergic inflammation are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The function of serine protease inhibitor 2A (Spi2A) was studied in mouse TH2 cells, and the serine protease inhibitor B3 (SERPINB3) and SERPINB4 genes were studied in TH2 cells from patients with grass pollen allergy. METHODS Spi2A-deficient TH2 cells were studied in in vitro culture or in vivo after challenge of Spi2A knockout mice with ovalbumin in alum. Expression of SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA was measured in in vitro-cultured TH2 cells and in ex vivo CD27-CD4+ cells and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) 2 from patients with grass pollen allergy by using quantitative PCR. SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA levels were knocked down in cultured CD27-CD4+ cells with small hairpin RNA. RESULTS There were lower levels of in vitro-polarized TH2 cells from Spi2A knockout mice (P < .005) and in vivo after ovalbumin challenge (P < .05), higher levels of apoptosis (Annexin V positivity, P < .005), and less lung allergic inflammation (number of lung eosinophils, P < .005). In vitro-polarized TH2 cells from patients with grass pollen allergy expressed higher levels of both SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA (both P < .05) compared with unpolarized CD4 T cells. CD27-CD4+ from patients with grass pollen allergy expressed higher levels of both SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA (both P < .0005) compared with CD27+CD4+ cells. ILC2 expressed higher levels of both SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA (both P < .0005) compared with ILC1. Knockdown of either SERPINB3 or SERPINB4 mRNA (both P < .005) levels resulted in decreased viability of CD27-CD4+ compared with control transduced cells. CONCLUSION The Serpins Spi2A in mice and SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 in allergic patients control the viability of TH2 cells. This provides proof of principle for a therapeutic approach for allergic disease through ablation of allergic memory TH2 cells through SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, London, United Kingdom; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff N Temblay
- Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Cheng
- Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Byrne
- Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Macfarlane
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, London, United Kingdom; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy R Switzer
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, London, United Kingdom; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia D C Francisco
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, London, United Kingdom; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fabian Jacubczik
- Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, London, United Kingdom; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip G Ashton-Rickardt
- Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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15
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Gotovina J, Pranger CL, Jensen AN, Wagner S, Kothgassner OD, Mothes-Luksch N, Palme R, Larenas-Linnemann D, Singh J, Mösges R, Felnhofer A, Glenk LM, Jensen-Jarolim E. Elevated oxytocin and noradrenaline indicate higher stress levels in allergic rhinitis patients: Implications for the skin prick diagnosis in a pilot study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196879. [PMID: 29813071 PMCID: PMC5973608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The effects of acute stress on allergic symptoms are little understood. The intention of this clinical study was to study the effects of acute stress and related mediators in allergic rhinitis (AR), taking the wheal and flare reaction in skin prick testing (SPT) as a readout. METHODS 19 healthy and 21 AR patients were first subjected to SPTs with grass pollen-, birch pollen- and house dust mite allergen extracts, histamine and negative control. Subsequently, participants were exposed to a standardized Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), followed by SPT on the contralateral forearm. Stress responders were identified based on the salivary cortisol levels and State-subscale of State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). Blood samples were collected before and after TSST and adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin, oxytocin, platelet activating factor and prostaglandin D2 were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS SPT results of 14/21 allergics and 11/19 healthy who responded with stress after TSST were evaluated. No significant differences regarding SPT to allergens or histamine before and after the stress test could be calculated at the group level. But, the wheal and flare sizes after TSST increased or decreased substantially in several individuals, and unmasked sensitization in one "healthy" person, which could not be correlated with any mediator tested. The most significant finding, however, was that, independent of TSST, the baseline levels of oxytocin and noradrenaline were significantly higher in allergics. CONCLUSION High baseline levels of noradrenaline points toward higher stress levels in allergic patients, which might be counterregulated by elevated oxytocin. Moreover, our data indicate that acute stress may have a significant influence on SPT fidelity in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Gotovina
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina L. Pranger
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika N. Jensen
- AllergyCare, Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wagner
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oswald D. Kothgassner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jaswinder Singh
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralph Mösges
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Felnhofer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa-Maria Glenk
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- AllergyCare, Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Vaquero L, Comino I, Vivas S, Rodríguez-Martín L, Giménez MJ, Pastor J, Sousa C, Barro F. Tritordeum: a novel cereal for food processing with good acceptability and significant reduction in gluten immunogenic peptides in comparison with wheat. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:2201-2209. [PMID: 28963718 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tritordeum is a novel cereal obtained from the hybridization between durum wheat and a wild barley. This study evaluates acceptance, digestibility and immunotoxic properties of tritordeum, a novel cereal for food processing. Nineteen healthy volunteers participated in a study with different diets to compare tritordeum bread with wheat and gluten-free breads. RESULTS Tritordeum breads had a similar acceptance to the wheat bread usually consumed, and the acceptance was significantly higher than the gluten-free bread and standardized wheat bread supplied in the study. There was no evidence for gastrointestinal symptoms among volunteers during the study. The reductions in the numbers of immunogenic epitopes in tritordeum in comparison with wheat were 78% for α-gliadins, 57% for γ-gliadins and 93% for ω-gliadins. The analysis of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stool samples showed a significantly lower excretion in the tritordeum ingestion phase than in the wheat ingestion phase. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that tritordeum may be an option of interest for general food processing, and especially for those who want to reduce their intake of gluten. However, it is not suitable for celiac disease sufferers as it contains gluten. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vaquero
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital de León, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Isabel Comino
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Santiago Vivas
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital de León, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Martín
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital de León, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - María J Giménez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jorge Pastor
- Novapan SL, Calle del Chopo 68-70, 50171, La Puebla de Alfinden, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Barro
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
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Bailey PC, Schudoma C, Jackson W, Baggs E, Dagdas G, Haerty W, Moscou M, Krasileva KV. Dominant integration locus drives continuous diversification of plant immune receptors with exogenous domain fusions. Genome Biol 2018; 19:23. [PMID: 29458393 PMCID: PMC5819176 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant immune system is innate and encoded in the germline. Using it efficiently, plants are capable of recognizing a diverse range of rapidly evolving pathogens. A recently described phenomenon shows that plant immune receptors are able to recognize pathogen effectors through the acquisition of exogenous protein domains from other plant genes. RESULTS We show that plant immune receptors with integrated domains are distributed unevenly across their phylogeny in grasses. Using phylogenetic analysis, we uncover a major integration clade, whose members underwent repeated independent integration events producing diverse fusions. This clade is ancestral in grasses with members often found on syntenic chromosomes. Analyses of these fusion events reveals that homologous receptors can be fused to diverse domains. Furthermore, we discover a 43 amino acid long motif associated with this dominant integration clade which is located immediately upstream of the fusion site. Sequence analysis reveals that DNA transposition and/or ectopic recombination are the most likely mechanisms of formation for nucleotide binding leucine rich repeat proteins with integrated domains. CONCLUSIONS The identification of this subclass of plant immune receptors that is naturally adapted to new domain integration will inform biotechnological approaches for generating synthetic receptors with novel pathogen "baits."
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Bailey
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | | | - William Jackson
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Erin Baggs
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Gulay Dagdas
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Matthew Moscou
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ksenia V Krasileva
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK.
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Davies
- Office of Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia, and Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Mark Hew
- Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jerzynska J, Stelmach W, Majak P, Stelmach R, Janas A, Stelmach I. Comparison of the effect of 5-grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy tablets and drops in children with rhinoconjunctivitis. Allergy Asthma Proc 2018; 39:66-73. [PMID: 29279062 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2018.39.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most important aspects of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is the regimen of administration. AIM To find any differences in symptom-medication scores between the two groups of SLIT tablets and drops, given pre-coseasonally (starting 8 weeks before the pollen season) in children with rhinoconjunctivitis allergy to grass pollen. The secondary outcome were the differences in lung function and induction of T-regulatory forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) positive cells. METHODS This was a retrospective, secondary analysis of pooled data obtained from our two prospective randomized placebo controlled trials that involved children who underwent SLIT. Forty-one children, ages 6-18 years, with allergic rhinitis (AR), sensitive to grass pollen, participated in the study. RESULTS Treatment with both tablets and drops significantly reduced all symptoms (nasal, asthma, and ocular) within the groups; there was no significant difference between both groups. When compared with the tablet therapy, there was a trend for drops therapy to be more effective in the reduction of combined symptom-medication score, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.1036); there was no significant difference in asthma and nasal scores. We showed a significant decrease in the fractional exhaled nitric oxide level comparable in both immunotherapy groups. There were no differences between the groups in the induction of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+-positive cells in peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS Both protocols showed similar decreases in symptom-medication scores; however, when compared with tablet therapy, there was a trend for drops therapy to be more effective in the reduction of combined symptom-medication score.
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Weber M, Niespodziana K, Linhart B, Neubauer A, Huber H, Henning R, Valenta R, Focke-Tejkl M. Comparison of the immunogenicity of BM32, a recombinant hypoallergenic B cell epitope-based grass pollen allergy vaccine with allergen extract-based vaccines. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1433-1436.e6. [PMID: 28576673 PMCID: PMC6392172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Niespodziana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Li YG, Liang HH, Bai SL, Zhou Y, Sun G, Su YR, Gao AL, Zhang DL, Li SP. Molecular Characterization and Variation of the Celiac Disease Epitope Domains among α-Gliadin Genes in Aegilops tauschii. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:3422-3429. [PMID: 28391694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the distribution and quantity of toxic epitopes in α-gliadins from Aegilops tauschii, a total of 133 complete α-gliadin coding sequences were obtained, including 69 pseudogenes with at least one premature stop codon and 64 genes with complete open reading frames (ORFs). Plenty of deletions and single amino acid substitutions were found in the 4 celiac disease (CD) toxic epitope domains through multiple alignments, in which the sequence of DQ2.5-glia-α2 demonstrated the most significant changes. Interestingly, 7 of the 59 α-gliadins were free of any kind of intact CD toxic epitopes, providing potential gene resources for low CD toxicity breeding of common wheat. Analysis of the neighbor-joining tree demonstrates that 2 of the totally 7 α-gliadins cluster within the homologues of Triticum (A genome), and the other 5 group with those of Aegilops Sitopsis (B genome). This result implies that the 7 α-gliadin genes may be originated from the ancestor species of Ae. tauschii, evolved by the homoploid hybrid of Triticum and Aegilops Sitopsis. The remaining 52 α-gliadins form a separate clade from other homologues of A and B genomes, suggesting a recent rapid gene expansion by gene duplication associated with the species adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ge Li
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Liang
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Long Bai
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhou
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiling Sun
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Rui Su
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Li Gao
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Le Zhang
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Suo-Ping Li
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
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Westernberg L, Schulten V, Greenbaum JA, Natali S, Tripple V, McKinney DM, Frazier A, Hofer H, Wallner M, Sallusto F, Sette A, Peters B. T-cell epitope conservation across allergen species is a major determinant of immunogenicity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:571-578.e7. [PMID: 26883464 PMCID: PMC4975972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pollen allergies are frequently polysensitized. Pollens contain epitopes that are conserved across multiple species. OBJECTIVE We sought to demonstrate that cross-reactive T cells that recognize conserved epitopes show higher levels of expansion than T cells recognizing monospecific epitopes because of more frequent stimulation. METHOD RNA was sequenced from 9 pollens, and the reads were assembled de novo into more than 50,000 transcripts. T-cell epitopes from timothy grass (Phleum pratense) were examined for conservation in these transcripts, and this was correlated to their ability to induce T-cell responses. T cells were expanded in vitro with P pratense-derived peptides and tested for cross-reactivity to pollen extracts in ELISpot assays. RESULTS We found that antigenic proteins are more conserved than nonimmunogenic proteins in P pratense pollen. Additionally, P pratense epitopes that were highly conserved across pollens elicited more T-cell responses in donors with grass allergy than less conserved epitopes. Moreover, conservation of a P pratense peptide at the transcriptomic level correlated with the ability of that peptide to trigger T cells that were cross-reactive with other non-P pratense pollen extracts. CONCLUSION We found a correlation between conservation of peptides in plant pollens and their T-cell immunogenicity within P pratense, as well as their ability to induce cross-reactive T-cell responses. T cells recognizing conserved epitopes might be more prominent because they can be stimulated by a broader range of pollens and thereby drive polysensitization in allergic donors. We propose that conserved peptides could potentially be used in diagnostic or immunomodulatory approaches that address the issue of polysensitization and target multiple pollen allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara Natali
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - April Frazier
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Heidi Hofer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Wallner
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif.
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Horn A, Zeuner H, Wolf H, Schnitker J, Wüstenberg E. Health-Related Quality of Life During Routine Treatment with the SQ-Standardised Grass Allergy Immunotherapy Tablet: A Non-Interventional Observational Study. Clin Drug Investig 2016; 36:453-62. [PMID: 26979593 PMCID: PMC4891394 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-016-0388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Allergy immunotherapy (AIT) with the SQ(®) grass sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-tablet has been shown to be efficacious, well-tolerated and to improve disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in controlled clinical trials. The aim of our study was to investigate HRQoL in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis routinely treated with the SLIT-tablet and taking symptomatic medication as needed compared with patients treated only with symptomatic medication. METHODS In a non-interventional, open-label study, patients treated with the SLIT-tablet were observed for about 12 months compared with patients only symptomatically treated. Patients assessed their HRQoL with the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and the Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) in the grass pollen seasons (GPS) at baseline (GPS1, HRQoL1), after GPS1 (HRQoL2) and in the following GPS (GPS2, HRQoL3). Tolerability, compliance, symptoms and medication use were assessed in the SLIT-tablet group by the physician. RESULTS Overall, data were analysed in 576 patients. Mean differences (±SD) in overall scores for HRQoL3 versus HRQoL1 (186 patients) of SF-12 were +11.4 ± 16.8 (SLIT-tablet) and -3.4 ± 15.7 (symptomatic medication), (p < 0.0001), and of RQLQ -1.31 ± 1.07 and +0.10 ± 0.74 (p < 0.001), and for HRQoL3 versus HRQoL2 (238 patients) of SF-12 -1.6 ± 15.3 and -10.0 ± 14.1 (p = 0.0003), and of RQLQ +0.22 ± 1.29 and +1.24 ± 1.30 (p < 0.0001). Tolerability and adherence for the SLIT-tablet were comparable with data of other non-interventional studies. CONCLUSIONS Routine treatment with the SQ(®) grass SLIT-tablet resulted in clear improvements in disease-specific and general quality of life, while no improvements were observed in patients treated only symptomatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Horn
- HNO Praxis am Neckar, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hendrik Wolf
- ALK-Abelló Arzneimittel GmbH, Clinical Development/Medical Department, Griegstrasse 75, Haus 25, 22763, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jörg Schnitker
- Institut für angewandte Statistik Dr. Jörg Schnitker GmbH, 33647, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Eike Wüstenberg
- ALK-Abelló Arzneimittel GmbH, Clinical Development/Medical Department, Griegstrasse 75, Haus 25, 22763, Hamburg, Germany
- Clinic for Otolaryngology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Selb R, Eckl-Dorna J, Neunkirchner A, Schmetterer K, Marth K, Gamper J, Jahn-Schmid B, Pickl WF, Valenta R, Niederberger V. CD23 surface density on B cells is associated with IgE levels and determines IgE-facilitated allergen uptake, as well as activation of allergen-specific T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:290-299.e4. [PMID: 27372566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that the low-affinity receptor for IgE, CD23, plays an important role in controlling the activity of allergen-specific T cells through IgE-facilitated allergen presentation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the number of CD23 molecules on immune cells in allergic patients and to investigate whether the number of CD23 molecules on antigen-presenting cells is associated with IgE levels and influences allergen uptake and allergen-specific T-cell activation. METHODS Numbers of CD23 molecules on immune cells of allergic patients were quantified by using flow cytometry with QuantiBRITE beads and compared with total and allergen-specific IgE levels, as well as with allergen-induced immediate skin reactivity. Allergen uptake and allergen-specific T-cell activation in relation to CD23 surface density were determined by using flow cytometry in combination with confocal microscopy and T cells transfected with the T-cell receptor specific for the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, respectively. Defined IgE-allergen immune complexes were formed with human monoclonal allergen-specific IgE and Bet v 1. RESULTS In allergic patients the vast majority of CD23 molecules were expressed on naive IgD+ B cells. The density of CD23 molecules on B cells but not the number of CD23+ cells correlated with total IgE levels (RS = 0.53, P = .03) and allergen-induced skin reactions (RS = 0.63, P = .008). Uptake of allergen-IgE complexes into B cells and activation of allergen-specific T cells depended on IgE binding to CD23 and were associated with CD23 surface density. Addition of monoclonal IgE to cultured PBMCs significantly (P = .04) increased CD23 expression on B cells. CONCLUSION CD23 surface density on B cells of allergic patients is correlated with allergen-specific IgE levels and determines allergen uptake and subsequent activation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Selb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Neunkirchner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Marth
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jutta Gamper
- Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Division of Experimental Allergology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Marcucci F. Efficacy and effectiveness of sublingual immunotherapy for grass pollen allergy. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 30:e21. [PMID: 27012472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Marcucci
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Specialty, Institute of Pediatrics, Perugia, Italy
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Salvatore C. Efficacy and effectiveness of sublingual immunotherapy for grass pollen allergy: Reply to the letter of Marcucci F. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 30:e22. [PMID: 26778720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrao Salvatore
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department (Head: Prof. Salvatore Corrao), National Relevance Hospital Trust, "ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli", Palermo, Italy; Centre of Research for Effectiveness and Appropriateness in Medicine (CREAM) (director: Prof. Salvatore Corrao), Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties [Di.Bi.M.I.S.], University of Palermo, Italy.
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Beckstead J, Meyer SE, Ishizuka TS, McEvoy KM, Coleman CE. Lack of Host Specialization on Winter Annual Grasses in the Fungal Seed Bank Pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151058. [PMID: 26950931 PMCID: PMC4780786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalist plant pathogens may have wide host ranges, but many exhibit varying degrees of host specialization, with multiple pathogen races that have narrower host ranges. These races are often genetically distinct, with each race causing highest disease incidence on its host of origin. We examined host specialization in the seed pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda by reciprocally inoculating pathogen strains from Bromus tectorum and from four other winter annual grass weeds (Bromus diandrus, Bromus rubens, Bromus arvensis and Taeniatherum caput-medusae) onto dormant seeds of B. tectorum and each alternate host. We found that host species varied in resistance and pathogen strains varied in aggressiveness, but there was no evidence for host specialization. Most variation in aggressiveness was among strains within populations and was expressed similarly on both hosts, resulting in a positive correlation between strain-level disease incidence on B. tectorum and on the alternate host. In spite of this lack of host specialization, we detected weak but significant population genetic structure as a function of host species using two neutral marker systems that yielded similar results. This genetic structure is most likely due to founder effects, as the pathogen is known to be dispersed with host seeds. All host species were highly susceptible to their own pathogen races. Tolerance to infection (i.e., the ability to germinate even when infected and thereby avoid seed mortality) increased as a function of seed germination rate, which in turn increased as dormancy was lost. Pyrenophora semeniperda apparently does not require host specialization to fully exploit these winter annual grass species, which share many life history features that make them ideal hosts for this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Beckstead
- Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington, 99258, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Meyer
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Provo, UT 84606, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Toby S. Ishizuka
- Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington, 99258, United States of America
| | - Kelsey M. McEvoy
- Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington, 99258, United States of America
| | - Craig E. Coleman
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States of America
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Myszkowska D, Mazur M, Ziemianin M, Wach-Pizoń M, Czarnobilska E. [Clinical symptoms of the allergic rhinitis and coexisting cross reactions in patients treated with the birch and/or grasses allergens against a background of the pollen exposure]. Przegl Lek 2016; 73:791-796. [PMID: 29693973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During specific immunotherapy (SIT) it is recommended to monitor the patient symptoms in relation to the exposure of allergen which the patient is treated. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) and cross reactivity in patients undergoing specific immunotherapy using pollen allergens (SIT) (birch and/or grasses) against the pollen exposure in 2014-2016. The study group, consisted of patients with pollen allergy, treated by SIT with birch and grasses allergens, who showed oral allergy symptoms. Patients of the control group were sensitive to birch and/or grasses allergens and they were not treated with SIT. The analyses were based on the results of questionnaires and patient symptom diaries. Timing of the pollen seasons of birch and grasses were similar, however the significantly higher concentration of birch pollen was found in 2014 and 2016, comparing to 2015. The strongest relationship between the pollen concentration and symptoms severity was revealed in the study group in patients desensitized by combined vaccine (birch/grasses), while in the control group, in patients sensitive to both taxa. In 35.3% of patients in the study group, a significant decrease in symptoms after foods was found, especially in patients desensitized with mixed vaccine (birch, grasses) after consumption of vegetables and in patients desensitized with grasses allergens after the fruits and nuts. SIT has a significant impact on the symptoms score reduction, which could be modified by the changeable seasonal pollen exposure.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document the effectiveness and safety of sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) with a five-grass pollen tablet (Oralair ) and compare different treatment options in a broad, non-selected population of patients in a real-world clinical setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a 2 year, open, prospective, multicenter, single-arm, non-interventional study. Patients with a history of clinically relevant allergic symptoms caused by grass pollen, confirmed by skin prick testing, received treatment with the five-grass pollen tablet. Concomitant treatment with symptomatic medication and/or additional SLIT or subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) was permitted. Twelve-month data are presented here. Effectiveness was assessed comparing a combined rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) score derived from the severity of rhinitis and conjunctivitis symptoms under treatment with retrospective data of the previous year. RESULTS A total of 1408 patients participated in the study, of whom 434 were children/adolescents and 962 polyallergic. Compared with the grass pollen season preceding five-grass pollen tablet treatment, a statistically significant reduction of 49.9% was achieved in RC score for the total population (p < 0.001), and an improvement in overall health was perceived by 90.9% of patients. The overall population of polyallergic patients derived similar benefits from treatment with the five-grass pollen tablet as monoallergic patients. The percentage reduction in RC score was larger in polyallergic patients taking no additional therapy (60.2%) than in those taking concomitant symptomatic medication (38.1%) or allergen immunotherapy (AIT) (50.8%). Within the last of these groups, RC score improved by 47.6% among patients receiving additional SCIT, versus 54.8% with additional SLIT. Adverse drug reactions, reported in 15.3% of study participants, were mostly local in nature and mild or moderate in intensity. CONCLUSIONS After 1 year of treatment, polyallergic patients responded similarly to the five-grass pollen tablet as monoallergic patients. For polyallergic patients in whom additional treatment was needed, a second SLIT may be more beneficial than a SCIT or symptomatic co-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kija Shah-Hosseini
- a a Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Katharina Mioc
- a a Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | | | | | - Ralph Mösges
- a a Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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Asero R. Detection of risk factors for systemic adverse reactions to SCIT with natural depot allergen extracts: a retrospective study. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 47:211-217. [PMID: 26549339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients seem to show a particular propensity to experience systemic reactions (SR) when undergoing SCIT. This study looked at their features. METHODS 423 adults submitted to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with 583 depot allergens extracts were studied. A "slow" build-up schedule was followed, and maintenance doses were given monthly. No mixtures of allergens were employed; multi-sensitized patients were treated with two extracts at the same time. IgE to pollen allergen components were measured. Patients experiencing several SR and those showing repeated large local reactions preventing up dosing were analyzed. RESULTS Altogether, 14% of patients experienced at least 2 SR to SCIT and further 13% repeated local reactions. All SR involved the skin. Eight treatments were stopped. No reactor was using beta-blockers. SR were not associated with pollen season, use of freshly prepared vials, administration of 2 allergens, or extract producer, nor were preceded by large local reactions. Reactors were younger than tolerant subjects (p<0.05), and females were less frequently fully tolerant than males (p<0.001). The multiple regression analysis showed that both ragweed and grass SCIT were significantly associated with adverse reactions (p<0.001). Specific IgE to Amb a 1 or Phl p 1 did not differ statistically between reactors and tolerant subjects, whereas grass pollen-allergic reactors showed higher levels of IgE to Phl p 5. Intolerance did not depend on the number of primary sensitizations or on hypersensitivity to pollen pan-allergens. CONCLUSION Young patients or women hypersensitive to grass and ragweed pollen seem at higher risk for SR during SCIT.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Allergens/administration & dosage
- Allergens/adverse effects
- Allergens/immunology
- Ambrosia/immunology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Child
- Delayed-Action Preparations
- Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects
- Desensitization, Immunologic/methods
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Plant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Plant Proteins/adverse effects
- Plant Proteins/immunology
- Poaceae/immunology
- Retrospective Studies
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/blood
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Risk Factors
- Sex Factors
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- R Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Via Ospedale 21 20037, Paderno Dugnano (MI), Italy. Phone: +39 02 990 38 470 Fax: +39 02 990 38 223 E-mail:
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Perotin JM, Barbe C, Nguyen KL, Fontaine JF, Gabignon Y, Nardi J, Launois C, Lebargy F, Lavaud F, Deslee G. Work-related respiratory symptoms in Champagne vineyard workers. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 47:140-144. [PMID: 26356997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vineyard workers (VW) are exposed to various respiratory allergens. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of work related respiratory symptoms (WRS) in Champagne VW in France and to analyze the relationships between symptoms, occupational exposure and sensitization profile. METHODS VW of Reims area were prospectively recruited between 2007 and 2010. Demographic and occupational characteristics were recorded. Respiratory symptoms were scored for each month of the past year. Results of respiratory functional tests and skin prick tests for common respiratory allergens, grape moulds and vine pollen were recorded. RESULTS 307 subjects were included. The prevalence of WRS was 11%. Compared to subjects with symptoms unrelated to work, subjects with WRS were more frequently sensitized to gramineae (34% vs 18%, p = 0.05), described ocular itching (74% vs 37%, p < 0.001) and seasonal symptoms (88% vs 69%, p = 0.03) mainly during lifting and trellising (57% vs 17%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION WRS are frequent in Champagne WV and are associated with a sensitization to gramineae and with activities performed close to vine in late spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Perotin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France. INSERM UMRS 903, University Hospital, 51100, 45 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France. Phone: +33 32 67 87 614 Fax: +33 32 678 40 30 E-mail:
| | - C Barbe
- Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France
| | - K L Nguyen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France
| | - J-F Fontaine
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Y Gabignon
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Mutualité Sociale Agricole, 51100 Reims, France
| | - J Nardi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France
| | - C Launois
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France
| | - F Lebargy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France
| | - F Lavaud
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France
| | - G Deslee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France. INSERM UMRS 903, University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France
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Rangasamy M, McAuslane HJ, Backus EA, Cherry RH. Differential Probing Behavior of Blissus insularis (Hemiptera: Blissidae) on Resistant and Susceptible St. Augustinegrasses. J Econ Entomol 2015; 108:780-788. [PMID: 26470190 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tou061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber, is a severe pest of St. Augustinegrass throughout the southern United States. Host plant resistance is an environmentally friendly method to manage chinch bug infestations and is increasingly important, as the southern chinch bug develops resistance to insecticides. In this study, in an effort to understand resistance mechanisms in two varieties of St. Augustinegrass ('FX-10' and 'NUF-76'), we used the electrical penetration graph method to quantify stylet probing behaviors in two resistant and two susceptible St. Augustinegrass varieties. Overall, chinch bugs spent less time probing on resistant FX-10 and NUF-76 than on susceptible 'Floratam' and 'Palmetto', and individual probes were shorter in average duration but more numerous in resistant varieties than in susceptible varieties. During probing, chinch bugs spent more time in pathway-associated stylet activities (i.e., penetration through epidermal and mesophyll tissue) in the resistant varieties than in the susceptible varieties, likely indicating difficulty in finding and accessing an ingestion site. As a consequence, chinch bugs spent proportionately much less time engaged in xylem ingestion in both resistant varieties than in susceptible varieties but only in FX-10 were phloem-associated activities significantly reduced compared with those in susceptible varieties. We conclude that there is evidence for non-phloem-associated chinch-bug resistance factors in both NUF-76 and FX-10, and phloem-associated factors in FX-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Rangasamy
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Heather J McAuslane
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Elaine A Backus
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Ronald H Cherry
- UF/IFAS Everglades Research and Education Center, 3200 E Palm Beach Rd., Belle Glade, FL 33430
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Dreborg S. Evaluation of allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015; 3:267-268. [PMID: 25754719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sten Dreborg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Haluk Akar H, Akif Goktas M, Tahan F. Grass pollen triggered anaphylaxis in an adolescent boy. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 47:20-21. [PMID: 25599555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a rapid onset serious allergic reaction which may be fatal. It is usually triggered by an agent such as a food, insect sting, or medication, through a mechanism involving immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the high-affinity IgE receptor on mast cells or basophils. Anaphylaxis has been rarely described which results from pollen antigen exposure. Here, we present unusual anaphylaxis, which results from inhaled pollen antigen in a 15-year-old boy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Haluk Akar
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy Kayseri, Turkey. E-mail: Phone: + 90 352 207 66 66 / 25 125 Fax: +90 352 437 58 25
| | - M Akif Goktas
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - F Tahan
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy, Kayseri, Turkey
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Ahlgrim C, Gutermuth J, Onell A, Borres MP, Schäffner I, Darsow U, Pfab F, Brockow K, Ring J, Behrendt H, Jakob T. Comparison of Molecular Multiplex and Singleplex Analysis of IgE to Grass Pollen Allergens in Untreated German Grass Pollen-Allergic Patients. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2015; 25:190-195. [PMID: 26182685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ImmunoCAP ISAC 112 platform is the only commercially available molecular allergy IgE multiplex test. Data on the comparison of this rather novel test with the molecular singleplex ImmunoCAP IgE platform are lacking. OBJECTIVE To compare the multiplex ISAC 112 platform and the singleplex ImmunoCAP platform in regard to IgE to grass pollen allergens in untreated grass pollen-allergic patients in Germany. METHODS Serum samples from 101 adults with grass pollen allergy were analyzed for specific IgE (sIgE) to 8 allergenic molecules from timothy grass pollen and to the 112 allergenic molecules included in the ISAC panel. The results for the multiplex and singleplex tests were subsequently analyzed statistically. RESULTS Comparison of sIgE to grass pollen allergens detected by ISAC 112 and the singleplex ImmunoCAP assay revealed the following correlation coefficients: 0.88 (rPhl p 1), 0.96 (rPhl p 2), 0.70 (nPhl p 4), 0.94 (rPhl p 5b), 0.92 (rPhl p 6), 0.85 (rPhl p 11), and 0.78 (rPhl p 12). CONCLUSION Molecular testing with ISAC 112 correlates well with the ImmunoCAP platform for respective molecular timothy grass pollen allergens.
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Li H, Fan R, Fu S, Wei B, Xu S, Feng J, Zheng Q, Wang X, Han F, Zhang X. Development of Triticum aestivum-Leymus mollis translocation lines and identification of resistance to stripe rust. J Genet Genomics 2014; 42:129-32. [PMID: 25819090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoxun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Center for Plant Gene Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Renchun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shulan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding Genetics, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shichang Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fangpu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Klimek L, Uhlig J, Mösges R, Rettig K, Pfaar O. A high polymerized grass pollen extract is efficacious and safe in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study using a novel up-dosing cluster-protocol. Allergy 2014; 69:1629-38. [PMID: 25130503 PMCID: PMC4238814 DOI: 10.1111/all.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cluster immunotherapy represents an interesting alternative to conventional up-dosing schedules because it allows achieving the maintenance dose within a shorter time interval. In this study, the efficacy and safety of cluster immunotherapy with a high polymerized allergen extract of a grass/rye pollen mixture have been evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. METHODS In total, 121 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis due to grass pollen were randomized 1 : 1 to verum or placebo group. A short cluster up-dosing schedule of only 1 week was applied to achieve the maintenance dose which was administered monthly during the study period of 1 year. Total combined symptom and medication score (TCS) was defined as primary outcome parameter. Secondary outcome parameters were individual symptom and medication scores, 'well days,' global improvement as well as immunological effects and nasal allergen challenge. The safety profile was evaluated based on the European academy of allergy and clinical immunology grading system. RESULTS Significant reduction in the verum compared to the placebo group (intention-to-treat, population, verum: n = 55; placebo: n = 47) was found regarding TCS (P = 0.005), rhinoconjunctivitis total symptom score (RTSS, P = 0.006), and total rescue medication score (TRMS, P = 0.002). Additionally, secondary outcomes such as 'well days,' nasal challenge results, and increase of specific IgG4 were in favor of the active treatment. All systemic adverse reactions (0.8% of all injections in the verum group) were of mild intensity. No severe reactions related to the study medication were observed. CONCLUSION Cluster immunotherapy with high polymerized grass pollen extracts resulted in significant clinical efficacy and has been shown to be a safe treatment for grass pollen-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Slovick
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Stephen J Till
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK Department of Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Muller B, Reinartz SM, van Egmond D, de Groot EJJ, Fokkens WJ, van Drunen CM. Mono-allergic and poly-allergic rhinitis patients have comparable numbers of mucosal Foxp3+CD4+ T lymphocytes. Rhinology 2014; 52:260-6. [PMID: 25271532 DOI: 10.4193/rhino13.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that allergic rhinitis patients with an isolated pollen sensitization responded more strongly to a nasal provocation with grass pollen (GP) than patients who had an additional house dust mite (HDM) sensitization. To elucidate this phenomenon, we investigated the dynamics of Foxp3+CD4+ T lymphocytes in allergic rhinitis patients with distinct allergen sensitizations. METHODS Three groups of allergic rhinitis patients with skin prick test confirmed allergic sensitizations were investigated and compared to 14 healthy controls: 14 subjects with an isolated grass pollen sensitization (Mono-GP); 9 subjects with isolated housedust mite sensitization (Mono-HDM); 29 subjects with grass pollen and house dust mite sensitization (poly-sensitized). Subjects in the Mono-GP group were challenged with grass pollen extract, subjects in the Mono-HDM group were challenged with house dust mite extract, subjects in the poly-sensitized group and the healthy controls were randomly challenged with either grass pollen or house dust mite. Nasal biopsies were taken before and after nasal provocation. We compared the distribution of FoxP3+CD4+ cells in nasal biopsies before and after nasal provocation using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There was no difference in the number of FoxP3+CD4+ cells between healthy and the three allergic groups at baseline.Nasal provocation did result in an increase in eosinophils in the three allergic groups, but did not result in a change in the number of FoxP3+CD4+ cells in any of the groups or induced differences between any of the groups. CONCLUSION Clinical differences in the response between mono-GP and multiple-sensitized allergic individuals are not related to differences in the number of regulatory T cells in the nasal mucosa.
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de Weger LA, Beerthuizen T, Hiemstra PS, Sont JK. Development and validation of a 5-day-ahead hay fever forecast for patients with grass-pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. Int J Biometeorol 2014; 58:1047-1055. [PMID: 23780494 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-013-0692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One-third of the Dutch population suffers from allergic rhinitis, including hay fever. In this study, a 5-day-ahead hay fever forecast was developed and validated for grass pollen allergic patients in the Netherlands. Using multiple regression analysis, a two-step pollen and hay fever symptom prediction model was developed using actual and forecasted weather parameters, grass pollen data and patient symptom diaries. Therefore, 80 patients with a grass pollen allergy rated the severity of their hay fever symptoms during the grass pollen season in 2007 and 2008. First, a grass pollen forecast model was developed using the following predictors: (1) daily means of grass pollen counts of the previous 10 years; (2) grass pollen counts of the previous 2-week period of the current year; and (3) maximum, minimum and mean temperature (R (2)=0.76). The second modeling step concerned the forecasting of hay fever symptom severity and included the following predictors: (1) forecasted grass pollen counts; (2) day number of the year; (3) moving average of the grass pollen counts of the previous 2 week-periods; and (4) maximum and mean temperatures (R (2)=0.81). Since the daily hay fever forecast is reported in three categories (low-, medium- and high symptom risk), we assessed the agreement between the observed and the 1- to 5-day-ahead predicted risk categories by kappa, which ranged from 65 % to 77 %. These results indicate that a model based on forecasted temperature and grass pollen counts performs well in predicting symptoms of hay fever up to 5 days ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letty A de Weger
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands,
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Khwarahm N, Dash J, Atkinson PM, Newnham RM, Skjøth CA, Adams-Groom B, Caulton E, Head K. Exploring the spatio-temporal relationship between two key aeroallergens and meteorological variables in the United Kingdom. Int J Biometeorol 2014; 58:529-45. [PMID: 24482047 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-013-0739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Constructing accurate predictive models for grass and birch pollen in the air, the two most important aeroallergens, for areas with variable climate conditions such as the United Kingdom, require better understanding of the relationships between pollen count in the air and meteorological variables. Variations in daily birch and grass pollen counts and their relationship with daily meteorological variables were investigated for nine pollen monitoring sites for the period 2000-2010 in the United Kingdom. An active pollen count sampling method was employed at each of the monitoring stations to sample pollen from the atmosphere. The mechanism of this method is based on the volumetric spore traps of Hirst design (Hirst in Ann Appl Biol 39(2):257-265, 1952). The pollen season (start date, finish date) for grass and birch were determined using a first derivative method. Meteorological variables such as daily rainfall; maximum, minimum and average temperatures; cumulative sum of Sunshine duration; wind speed; and relative humidity were related to the grass and birch pollen counts for the pre-peak, post peak and the entire pollen season. The meteorological variables were correlated with the pollen count data for the following temporal supports: same-day, 1-day prior, 1-day mean prior, 3-day mean prior, 7-day mean prior. The direction of influence (positive/negative) of meteorological variables on pollen count varied for birch and grass, and also varied when the pollen season was treated as a whole season, or was segmented into the pre-peak and post-peak seasons. Maximum temperature, sunshine duration and rainfall were the most important variables influencing the count of grass pollen in the atmosphere. Both maximum temperature (pre-peak) and sunshine produced a strong positive correlation, and rain produced a strong negative correlation with grass pollen count in the air. Similarly, average temperature, wind speed and rainfall were the most important variables influencing the count of birch pollen in the air. Both wind speed and rain produced a negative correlation with birch pollen count in the air and average temperature produced a positive correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabaz Khwarahm
- Global Environmental Change and Earth Observation Research Group, Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK,
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de Beaumont O, Yalaoui T. Comments on: "allergen immunotherapy as a drug: the new deal of grass allergen tablets from clinical trials to current practice". Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 46:125-126. [PMID: 24853574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Manzotti G, Lombardi C. Reply: To PMID 23821831. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 46:127-128. [PMID: 24853575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Manzotti
- Allergy Outpatients Service, General Hospital, Treviglio, Italy
| | - C Lombardi
- Department of Allergy - Clinical Immunology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine & Geriatry, Fondazione Poliambulanza Hospital, Brescia, Italy
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Cecchi L, Dell'albani I, Frati F. Towards a global vision of molecular allergology: a map of exposure to airborne molecular allergens. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 45 Suppl 2:17-23. [PMID: 24129084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Allergy diagnostics have changed in the last 10-15 y, moving from the use of extracts for in vivo and in vitro diagnosis to the Component Resolved Diagnosis, based on purified or recombinant allergens. As expected, aerobiology developed similarly, and measurement of allergens in both outdoor and indoor air is now feasible. With the aim of promoting a global view of molecular allergy, we have drawn a map of exposure to molecular aeroallergens in Italy on the bases of geo-climatic regions, maps of pollen distribution, and published data on the molecular profile of sensitization in Italian patients. Given the latitudinal extension of Italy, the profile of exposure to some allergens, such as those of the "Birch Group" and weeds, varies greatly from North to South, while the distribution of exposure to grass allergens is more homogeneous. This map can contribute to a global molecular vision of allergy, helping clinicians to view exposure to pollen in a new way. The exposure profile of the area where patients live can also indicate the correct choice of molecular diagnostics and, therefore, of the appropriate allergen immunotherapy.
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Straka B, Nian H, Sloan C, Byrd JB, Woodard-Grice A, Yu C, Stone E, Steven G, Hartert T, Teo KK, Pare G, McCarty CA, Brown NJ. Pollen count and presentation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2013; 1:468-73.e1-4. [PMID: 24565618 PMCID: PMC4042396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-associated angioedema is increased in patients with seasonal allergies. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that patients with ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema present during months when pollen counts are increased. METHODS Cohort analysis examined the month of presentation of ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema and pollen counts in the ambulatory and hospital setting. Patients with ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema were ascertained through (1) an observational study of patients presenting to Vanderbilt University Medical Center, (2) patients presenting to the Marshfield Clinic and participating in the Marshfield Clinic Personalized Medicine Research Project, and (3) patients enrolled in The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET). Measurements include date of presentation of ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema, population exposure to ACE inhibitor by date, and local pollen counts by date. RESULTS At Vanderbilt, the rate of angioedema was significantly associated with tree pollen months (P = .01 from χ(2) test). When separate analyses were conducted in patients with a history of seasonal allergies and patients without, the rate of ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema was increased during tree pollen months only in patients with a history of seasonal allergies (P = .002). In Marshfield, the rate of angioedema was significantly associated with ragweed pollen months (P = .025). In ONTARGET, a positive trend was observed between the ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema rate and grass season, although it was not statistically significant (P = .057). CONCLUSIONS Patients with ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema are more likely to present with this adverse drug event during months when pollen counts are increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Straka
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Hui Nian
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Chantel Sloan
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - James Brian Byrd
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Alencia Woodard-Grice
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Elizabeth Stone
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Gary Steven
- Allergy, Asthma & Sinus Center, Greenfield, Wis
| | - Tina Hartert
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Koon K Teo
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Pare
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nancy J Brown
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn.
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Wolf WA, Jerath MR, Dellon ES. De-novo onset of eosinophilic esophagitis after large volume allergen exposures. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2013; 22:205-208. [PMID: 23799220 PMCID: PMC3813013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated condition believed to have an allergic component, but the timing of the initial allergen triggers that cause the disease is poorly understood. While the clinical presentation of EoE is often of longstanding symptoms, in animal models, acute exposure to an allergen challenge successfully produces EoE. In this report, we present three cases of individuals who developed esophageal eosinophilia and EoE shortly after a clearly identified exposure to aeroallergens. These cases highlight the allergic etiology of EoE, and provide a link from humans to the previously described experimental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Asher Wolf
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Maya R. Jerath
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Evan S. Dellon
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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Manzotti G, Lombardi C. Allergen immunotherapy as a drug: the new deal of grass allergen tablets from clinical trials to current practice. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 45:34-42. [PMID: 23821831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Currently, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) may be performed by a number of allergen extract in different preparations but in a near future only products fulfilling the requirements from the regulatory agencies, that make mandatory a pharmaceutical quality, will be authorized. Indeed, two products with such characteristics are already available for SLIT in grass pollen allergic patients, Grazax from Alk-Abellò and Oralair from Stallergenes. The data from registrative trials as well as from postmarketing studies provide evidence of efficacy and safety of such products. This articles reviews the similarities and the differences of Grazax and Oralair, both designed as drugs for the treatment of grass pollen allergy with the aim, which is exclusive of allergen immunotherapy, to work on the natural history of allergy and not only on symptoms as rescue medications do. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the available trials with Grazax and Oralair in terms of pre-seasonal schedule approach to support their use in clinical practice. Such kind of treatment makes possible a continuous dialogue between clinical investigators and clinical practitioners, and is the only way for scientific progress that puts the patient's health at the first place.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Sublingual
- Allergens/administration & dosage
- Allergens/adverse effects
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects
- Desensitization, Immunologic/methods
- Desensitization, Immunologic/standards
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Evidence-Based Medicine
- Humans
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/adverse effects
- Plant Extracts/standards
- Poaceae/immunology
- Practice Guidelines as Topic
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Tablets
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manzotti
- Allergy Outpatients Service, General Hospital, Treviglio, Italy
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Iorio RA, Del Duca S, Calamelli E, Pula C, Lodolini M, Scamardella F, Pession A, Ricci G. Citrus allergy from pollen to clinical symptoms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53680. [PMID: 23308273 PMCID: PMC3537725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy to citrus fruits is often associated with pollinosis and sensitization to other plants due to a phenomenon of cross-reactivity. The aims of the present study were to highlight the cross-reactivity among citrus and the major allergenic pollens/fruits, throughout clinical and molecular investigations, and to evaluate the sensitization frequency to citrus fruits in a population of children and adults with pollinosis. We found a relevant percentage of sensitisation (39%) to citrus fruits in the patients recruited and in all of them the IgE-mediated mechanism has been confirmed by the positive response to the prick-to-prick test. RT-PCR experiments showed the expression of Cit s 1, Cit s 3 and a profilin isoform, already described in apple, also in Citrus clementine pollen. Data of multiple sequence alignments demonstrated that Citrus allergens shared high percentage identity values with other clinically relevant species (i.e. Triticum aestivum, Malus domestica), confirming the possible cross-allergenicity citrus/grasses and citrus/apple. Finally, a novelty of the present work has been the expression of two phospholipaseA2 isoforms (PLA2 α and β) in Citrus as well as in Triticum pollens; being PLA2 able to generate pro-inflammatory factors, this enzyme could participate in the activation of the allergenic inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna Iorio
- Department of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Calamelli
- Department of Pediatric Allergology of the Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health Gozzadini Children's Hospital Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pula
- Department of Pediatric Allergology of the Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health Gozzadini Children's Hospital Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Magda Lodolini
- Laboratory Analysis Unit. Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pession
- Department of Pediatric Allergology of the Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health Gozzadini Children's Hospital Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Department of Pediatric Allergology of the Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health Gozzadini Children's Hospital Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Myszkowska D, Stobiecki M, Dyga W, Majewska R, Czarnobilska E. [A three year survey of the practical application of pollen monitoring in specific allergen immunotherapy]. Przegl Lek 2013; 70:1027-1032. [PMID: 24720121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Specific allergen immunotherapy should be modified according to sensitivity of the patient and the time interval between injections and seasonal allergen exposition. The aim of the study was to check the effectiveness of the multinomial logistic regression models predicting the pollen concentration during the pollen season in the immunotherapy trial in patients treated with grass and birch allergens. The study was performed in Krakow in 2011-2013. Models were validated for 2012 and 2013. The effectiveness of the total correct predictions slightly differed depending on the time series, in case of birch pollen the similar percentage of correct predictions was found in both study year, while in case of grass pollen, the predictions were more correct in 2012. A group of patients treated with grass and birch allergens filled in the diary cards during the pollen season. After the 2011 season 14 diary cards were analysed, while 18 and 19, in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Because of manifested symptoms, the injection dose was reduced during the season in 12 patients in 2011, in 9 patients in 2012 and in 6 patients in 2013. No visits were delayed because of medical indications. In some cases patients got the injection in time of the high pollen occurrence (2 cases, in 2011 and 2012). In 2013 in 10/17 patients the high pollen exposure was avoided thanks the information from pollen monitoring, in opposite to 1 and 8 patients in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Patients used antihistaminic drugs on request. The regional pollen monitoring data and satisfied co-operation with patients makes the possibility of closer control of the injection doses administration during immunotherapy in the pollen season.
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Jutel M, Solarewicz-Madejek K, Smolinska S. Current status of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy with recombinant allergens. Arb Paul Ehrlich Inst Bundesinstitut Impfstoffe Biomed Arzneim Langen Hess 2013; 97:133-139. [PMID: 24912327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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