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Juli MSB, Boe-Hansen GB, Raza A, Forutan M, Ong CT, Siddle HV, Tabor AE. A systematic review of predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarkers for detecting reproductive diseases in cattle using traditional and omics approaches. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 165:104315. [PMID: 39154625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive diseases and illnesses pose significant challenges in cattle farming, affecting fertility, milk production, and overall herd health. In recent years, the integration of various omics approaches, including transcriptomics, proteomics, metagenomics, miRNAomics, and metabolomics, has revolutionized the study of these conditions. This systematic review summarised the findings from studies that investigated reproductive disease biomarkers in both male and female cattle. After extracting 6137 studies according to exclusion and inclusion criteria, a total of 60 studies were included in this review. All studies identified were associated with female cattle and none were related to reproductive diseases in bulls. The analysis highlights specific biomarkers, metabolic pathways, and microbial compositions associated with bovine reproductive disease conditions, providing valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, IL-4, IL-6, TNFα and acute-phase response proteins such as SAA and HP have been identified as promising biomarkers for bovine reproductive diseases. However, further research is needed to validate these markers clinically and to explore potential strategies for improving cow reproductive health. The role of bulls as carriers of venereal diseases has been underestimated in the current literature and therefore needs more attention to understand their impact on infectious reproductive diseases of female cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Sogra Banu Juli
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | - Gry B Boe-Hansen
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
| | - Ali Raza
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | - Mehrnush Forutan
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | - Chian Teng Ong
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | - Hannah V Siddle
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | - Ala E Tabor
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Juli MSB, Raza A, Forutan M, Siddle HV, Fordyce G, Muller J, Boe-Hansen GB, Tabor AE. Characterisation of reproductive tract microbiome and immune biomarkers for bovine genital campylobacteriosis in vaccinated and unvaccinated heifers. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404525. [PMID: 39224219 PMCID: PMC11366586 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a globally important venereal disease of cattle caused by Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis. Diagnosis of BGC is highly challenging due to the lack of accurate diagnostic tests. Methods To characterise the biomarkers for C. fetus venerealis infection, a total of twelve cycling heifers were selected and categorised as vaccinated (n = 6) with Vibrovax® (Zoetis™) and unvaccinated (n = 6). All heifers were oestrous synchronised with a double dose of prostaglandin (PGF2α) 11 days apart and when in oestrous intravaginally challenged with 2.7 x 109 CFU live C. fetus venerealis. DNA extracted from vaginal mucus samples was screened using a C. fetus qPCR and 16S rRNA was characterised using Illumina sequencing (V5-V8 region). Relative abundances of serum proteins were calculated using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) for all heifers at three timepoints: pre-challenge, post-challenge and post-recovery. Results In 16S rRNA sequencing of vaginal mucus, Campylobacter spp. appeared two days following challenge in unvaccinated compared to 14 days in vaccinated animals, consistent with the qPCR results. Increased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Campylobacterota were identified after C. fetus venerealis challenge and were associated with C. fetus venerealis in vaccinated and unvaccinated heifers. Greater relative abundance of Streptococcus spp. was observed during oestrous rather than dioestrous. In both vaccinated and unvaccinated heifers, Acinetobacter spp. increased after challenge with higher abundance of Corynebacterium spp. in the vaccinated group. A total of 130 unique proteins were identified in SWATH analysis of the serum samples, and the number of differentially abundant proteins found was higher in the vaccinated group after recovery from infection compared to pre-and post-challenge (adjusted P < 0.05 and Log2FC > 0.2). Conclusion Coglutinin, clusterin, HP homologs, vitamin D binding protein and fetuin B were identified as potential biomarkers for C. fetus venerealis infection and need further study to validate their efficiency as immune biomarkers for BGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Sogra Banu Juli
- Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Raza
- Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mehrnush Forutan
- Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannah V. Siddle
- Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffry Fordyce
- Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Charters Towers, QLD, Australia
| | - Jarud Muller
- Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Charters Towers, QLD, Australia
| | - Gry B. Boe-Hansen
- Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Ala E. Tabor
- Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Pena-Fernández N, Kortabarria N, Hurtado A, Ocejo M, Fort M, Pérez-Cobo I, Collantes-Fernández E, Aduriz G. Biochemical and molecular characterization of Campylobacter fetus isolates from bulls subjected to bovine genital campylobacteriosis diagnosis in Spain. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:131. [PMID: 38566185 PMCID: PMC10985941 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) including its biovar intermedius (Cfvi). This sexually transmitted disease induces early reproductive failure causing considerable economic losses in the cattle industry. Using a collection of well-characterized isolates (n = 13), C. fetus field isolates (n = 64) and saprophytic isolates resembling Campylobacter (n = 75) obtained from smegma samples of breeding bulls, this study evaluated the concordance of the most used phenotypic (H2S production in cysteine medium and 1% glycine tolerance) and molecular (PCR) methods for the diagnosis of BGC and assessed possible cross-reactions in the molecular diagnostic methods. RESULTS Characterization at the subspecies level (fetus vs. venerealis) of C. fetus isolated from bull preputial samples using phenotypic and molecular (PCR targeting nahE and ISCfe1) methods showed moderate concordance (κ = 0.462; CI: 0.256-0.669). No cross-reactions were observed with other saprophytic microaerophilic species or with other Campylobacter species that can be present in preputial samples. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of discrepant isolates showed 100% agreement with PCR identification. For the differentiation of Cfv biovars, comparison of the H2S test (at 72 h and 5 days of incubation) and a PCR targeting the L-cysteine transporter genes showed higher concordance when H2S production was assessed after 5 days (72 h; κ = 0.553, 0.329-0.778 CI vs. 5 days; κ = 0.881, 0.631-1 CI), evidencing the efficacy of a longer incubation time. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the limitations of biochemical tests to correctly identify C. fetus subspecies and biovars. However, in the case of biovars, when extended incubation times for the H2S test (5 days) were used, phenotypic identification results were significantly improved, although PCR-based methods produced more accurate results. Perfect agreement of WGS with the PCR results and absence of cross-reactions with non-C. fetus saprophytic bacteria from the smegma demonstrated the usefulness of these methods. Nevertheless, the identification of new C. fetus subspecies-specific genes would help to improve BGC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Pena-Fernández
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Carretera de Oviedo, S/N, Villaviciosa, 33300, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, Derio, 48160, Spain
| | - Nekane Kortabarria
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, Derio, 48160, Spain
| | - Ana Hurtado
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, Derio, 48160, Spain
| | - Medelin Ocejo
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, Derio, 48160, Spain
| | - Marcelo Fort
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Iratxe Pérez-Cobo
- Central Veterinary-Animal Health Laboratory (LCV), Ctra. Madrid-Algete Km. 8.00, Algete, 28110, Spain
| | - Esther Collantes-Fernández
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET-Innova S.L, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Gorka Aduriz
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, Derio, 48160, Spain.
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Oyhenart J. Positive cases of bovine genital campylobacteriosis and bovine trichomonosis in the eradication program of La Pampa, Argentina: 2008-2021. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:96. [PMID: 38441747 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis, caused by the gram-negative bacteria Campylobacter fetus venerealis, and bovine trichomonosis, caused by the parasite protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus, are venereal diseases that occur with long intercalving periods and abortion. The control of both diseases relies on microbiological testing and culling infected bulls. Vaccination and antibiotic treatment may help in controlling campylobacteriosis but are not recommended for trichomonosis control. Several regions of the world have active control programs for trichomonosis, not campylobacteriosis. In Argentina, the state of La Pampa aims to eradicate trichomonosis and campylobacteriosis by imposing annual diagnostic testing of every bull and slaughtering positive animals. Prior studies indicated a declining trend in the prevalence of campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis in La Pampa. It was also proposed that the prevalence of one disease could be estimated from the prevalence of the other. The purpose of this retrospective analysis of data gathered from 2008 to 2021 was to determine the La Pampa program's efficacy. Descriptive statistics were employed to determine the reason behind the correlation between tricomonosis and campylobacteriosis diagnostic results. The outcomes refute the notion that this program of venereal eradication was a success. Furthermore, an excess of false positives in both diagnoses may have contributed to the correlation between the prevalences of campylobactriosis and trichomonosis. The practice of killing animals without verifying positive results hinders the determination of disease prevalence and results in the death of numerous healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Oyhenart
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National University of La Pampa (UNLPam), Ruta 35 km 334, (6300), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
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Abstract
Reproduction is essential for successful cow-calf and dairy production and the most important economic trait for cow-calf producers. For efficient reproduction to occur in beef herds, cows or heifers must conceive early during the breeding season, maintain the pregnancy, calve unassisted or with very little assistance, rebred in a timely manner and wean a calf every year. In the case of dairy cattle, cows or heifers are expected to become pregnant, maintain the pregnancy, and calve every 12 to 15 months to produce milk. Interruption of that process leads to delay or total loss of production. Although fertile bulls are required to achieve reproduction, they come with potential risk of transmitting disease during breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Lee Jones
- Department of Population Health, UGA College of Veterinary Medicine, UGA TVDIL, 43 Brighton Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
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García JA, Farace PD, Gioffre AK, Romeo F, Verna A, Mendez MA, Morsella C, Aller JF, Signorini M, Paolicchi FA. Bovine campylobacteriosis in heifer: pathogenesis study and insights in the conventional and molecular diagnosis in an experimental bovine model and field cases. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:113-124. [PMID: 37548875 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus spp. is a bacterium associated to reproductive losses in cattle worldwide. It is a venereal infectious disease known as bovine campilobacteriosis, with high impact mainly in countries with extensive production systems. Here, we show pathogenesis and diagnostic methods for Campylobacter fetus detection in cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) samples from heifers experimentally infected and field cases from herds with low reproductive performance by campylobacteriosis infection. Bacterial culture, direct immunofluorescence test and qPCR were used as diagnostic methods to evaluate detection of C. fetus. In the experimental model 30 Aberdeen Angus and crossbred heifers and 4 Aberdeen Angus bulls for natural mating were assigned to 3 groups experimentally challenged with C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff), C. fetus subsps venerealis (Cfv) and C. fetus subsp venerealis biovar intermedius (Cfvi), respectively, and a negative control group, all followed for 9 months. Also, field samples of CVM and aborted fetuses were recollected from seven beef cattle farms. Bacteriological culture had the higher C. fetus detection rate in CVM being the most appropriate, followed by qPCR (with commercial extraction DNA kit), direct immunofluorescence test and qPCR (with in-house extraction DNA method), in both, experimental model and field cases. From experimental model after natural mating, 62.5% and 25% heifers got pregnant from Cff and Cfvi groups, respectively, while from Cfv no pregnancy was detected. The strain more frequently detected was Cfvi, followed by Cff and Cfv. Colonization of Cff in female genital tract with high number of carriers and presence in aborted fetuses was evidenced, suggesting a high risk to bovine reproductive health. Bacteriemia was not detected after genital infection. Given the low detection rate of either test, we suggest the use of both, PCR based methods and bacterial culture could result in higher detection rate in farms with endemic campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A García
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, 7620, Argentina.
| | - Pablo D Farace
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IABIMO INTA-CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea K Gioffre
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IABIMO INTA-CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Romeo
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, 7620, Argentina
| | - Andrea Verna
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, 7620, Argentina
| | - María A Mendez
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, 7620, Argentina
| | - Claudia Morsella
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, 7620, Argentina
| | - Juan F Aller
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, 7620, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Signorini
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA - CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fernando A Paolicchi
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, 7620, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Martínez CI, Iriarte LS, Salas N, Alonso AM, Pruzzo CI, dos Santos Melo T, Pereira-Neves A, de Miguel N, Coceres VM. Prolonged survival of venereal Tritrichomonas foetus parasite in the gastrointestinal tract, bovine fecal extract, and water. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0042923. [PMID: 37800972 PMCID: PMC10714773 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00429-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Nowadays, the routine herd diagnosis is usually performed exclusively on bulls, as they remain permanently infected, and prevention and control of Tritrichomonas foetus transmission are based on identifying infected animals and culling practices. The existence of other forms of transmission and the possible role of pseudocysts or cyst-like structures as resistant forms requires rethinking the current management and control of this parasitic disease in the future in some livestock regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian I. Martínez
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia S. Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nehuen Salas
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés M. Alonso
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Cesar I. Pruzzo
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Veterinarias, FCV-UNLP, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Tuanne dos Santos Melo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Antonio Pereira-Neves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Natalia de Miguel
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica M. Coceres
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abdala ME, Rivero MB, Luque ME, Di Lullo D, Luna BE, Carranza PG, Volta BJ, Rivero FD. Proteomic analysis of proteins released by Tritrichomonas foetus: Identification of potential targets for the development of new diagnostic methods. Vet Parasitol 2023; 316:109890. [PMID: 36878106 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bovine trichomonosis (BT), a disease of the bovine urogenital tract, is caused by the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus (Tf). Tf causes endometritis, infertility, and premature death of the embryo, which generates considerable economic losses. The proteins released can mediate fundamental interactions between the pathogen and the host, triggering factors associated with the symptomatology, immune evasion and pathogenesis characteristic of the species. However, little is known about the profile of the proteins released by Tf. In order to contribute to their knowledge, we performed an isolation protocol and a proteomic profiling of the supernatant (SN) content of six Tf isolates. A total of 662 proteins present in the SN of Tf were detected, out of which 121 were shared by the six isolates, while the remaining 541 were found in at least one of the isolates studied. The comparative analyses using the databases of Tf strain genome K revealed 32.9% of uncharacterized proteins. The bioinformatic analyses showed that the main molecular functions predicted were binding (47.9%) and catalytic activity (38.2%). Additionally, we performed immunodetection assays to evidence the antigenic potential of SN proteins. Interestingly, we observed great ability to detect SN proteins from all six isolates using serum from immunized mice and infected bulls. A complementary mass spectrometry assay allowed us to determine that the proteins that showed the strongest signal intensity in the immunoassays were Grp78 (A0A1J4IZS3) and Ap65 (A0A1J4JSR1). This work represents the first proteomic characterization of Tf SN proteins and their antigenic potential, which might be interesting for the future design of new diagnosis and treatment methods for BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Abdala
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - María Belén Rivero
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Melchor Emilio Luque
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - David Di Lullo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Bruno Elías Luna
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Pedro Gabriel Carranza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Bibiana J Volta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Fernando David Rivero
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
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Prevalence of Campylobacter Species on Cattle Breeding Farms in Zimbabwe. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:1531483. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1531483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility remains a challenge in breeding herds in most developing countries. In the current study, 104 penile sheath washes were collected from bulls of different breeds and ages from different cattle breeding farms in Zimbabwe. The samples were submitted to the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Zimbabwe, for screening of Campylobacter species using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on the PCR results, the animal-level prevalence was 25.96% (range 0–73.98%) and all the positive samples came from four (57.14%) of the 7 herds tested. The current study shows that Campylobacter spp. could be a causative agent in infertility observed in a number of herds in Zimbabwe. Strategies for treatment and control of campylobacteriosis should be enhanced in the country. More research and surveillance are needed to determine the epidemiology of Campylobacter species in Zimbabwean cattle herds.
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10
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Ortega-Mora LM, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Rojo-Montejo S, Román-Trufero A, Montenegro-Gregorio D, Puentes-Colorado E, Parra-Romero A, Regidor-Cerrillo J, Osoro K, Collantes-Fernández E. A new inactivated Tritrichomonas foetus vaccine that improves genital clearance of the infection and calving intervals in cattle. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1005556. [PMID: 36277069 PMCID: PMC9582342 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1005556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine trichomonosis is a sexually transmitted disease that is a primary cause of early reproductive failure in cattle. The aim of the present study was to develop a vaccine formulation based on Tritrichomonas foetus trophozoites inactivated by lyophilization and Quil-A-adjuvanted. The safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of this new vaccine formulation (Trichobovis®) administered by two routes (subcutaneous: SC, and intravulvar: IVU) were compared with a commercial vaccine (TrichGuard®) in a well-established experimental bovine model of genital T. foetus infection. The new vaccine was considered safe in cattle because only mild local reactions were found in the vaccination area, which disappeared 3 weeks after administration. Cows immunized with Trichobovis cleared the infection faster than the non-immunized/challenged group (27–28 vs. 60 days; P < 0.05). Not significant differences were observed with the commercial vaccine respect to the positive control group, or between SC and IVU routes. The new vaccine stimulated high serum anti-T. foetus IgG and genital IgA levels and generated an IgG booster effect similar to TrichGuard. IgA levels were associated with significantly earlier genital clearance of T. foetus in cows immunized with Trichobovis by SC route (G1A) or TrichGuard (G2). The strongest association was found in the group G1A on day 14 post-infection (p.i.) (r = −0.74) and in G2 on day 35 p.i. (r = −0.71). The efficacy of vaccination using Trichobovis on the reproductive performance was also investigated under field conditions in a herd where T. foetus was present. The calving intervals were significantly reduced by 45.2 days (P < 0.05), calves were born 28 days earlier (P < 0.05) and an increase of 8.7% in the calving rate (P > 0.05) was observed in the vaccinated group. These results demonstrate that Trichobovis improved the reproductive performance under field conditions in herds where T. foetus infection is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,SALUVET-Innova S.L., Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Rojo-Montejo
- SALUVET-Innova S.L., Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Regional Service for Research and Agri-Food Development (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Alicia Román-Trufero
- SALUVET-Innova S.L., Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Regional Service for Research and Agri-Food Development (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Javier Regidor-Cerrillo
- SALUVET-Innova S.L., Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koldo Osoro
- Regional Service for Research and Agri-Food Development (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Esther Collantes-Fernández
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,SALUVET-Innova S.L., Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Esther Collantes-Fernández
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11
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Cantón GJ, Uriarte ELL, Moore DP. Editorial: Diseases affecting reproduction and the neonatal period in ruminants, Volume II. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1025209. [PMID: 36213419 PMCID: PMC9536490 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1025209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Germán J. Cantón
- Animal Production Department, Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IIPADS), Balcarce, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Germán J. Cantón
| | - Enrique L. Louge Uriarte
- Animal Production Department, Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IIPADS), Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Dadín P. Moore
- Animal Production Department, Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IIPADS), Balcarce, Argentina
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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12
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Hoque N, Islam SS, Saddam MJI, Rafikuzzaman M, Sikder MH, Castellan DM, Kabir SML. Investigation of Campylobacter fetus in breeding bulls of private farms in Bangladesh. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:417-428. [PMID: 35816455 PMCID: PMC9857011 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a venereal disease caused by Campylobacter fetus that has a negative impact on animal reproduction. The bull is considered to be a symptomless carrier that spreads the disease agent to breeding cows, causing infertility and sporadic abortion. AIM The study aims to estimate the prevalence, identify risk factors of Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus) infection and antimicrobial resistance pattern of the C. fetus isolates. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Bull smegma samples (single sample from each bull) were collected from 300 bulls from four farms and tested via culture, biochemical identification and finally 16S rRNA and cdtA gene-based molecular assays (PCR) for herd and animal-level prevalence estimation. Herd- and animal-level data on risk factors were collected from the farmers using a pretested questionnaire and analysed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models with a p value of <0.05 was taken statistically significant for both analyses. RESULTS Among the surveyed farms, 75% (95% CI: 19.4%-99.4%) were confirmed to have bulls infected with Campylobacter fetus at herd level. However, animal-level occurrence of C. fetus was estimated to be 8.7% (26/300) (95% CI: 5.7%-12.4%). Natural service increases the odds of campylobacteriosis 38.18 times (95% CI: 13.89-104.94) in comparison to artificial insemination for C. fetus infection in bulls. Significantly, half of the isolates (50%, n = 13) were identified to be multidrug resistant (MDR) for three to five antimicrobial agents. CONCLUSION This study highlights the need to develop official guidelines for C. fetus control and prevention in Bangladesh including mandatory artificial insemination in reproductive cows and heifers, routine screening of breeding bulls for C. fetus free status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology and HygieneBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| | - Sk Shaheenur Islam
- Department of Microbiology and HygieneBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| | | | - Md. Rafikuzzaman
- Department of Microbiology and HygieneBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
| | | | - David M. Castellan
- Epidemiology Institute for Infectious Animal DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityTexasUSA
| | - S. M. Lutful Kabir
- Department of Microbiology and HygieneBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh
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13
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Pena-Fernández N, Cano-Terriza D, García-Bocanegra I, Horcajo P, Vázquez-Arbaizar P, Cleofé-Resta D, Pérez-Arroyo B, Ortega-Mora LM, Collantes-Fernández E. Prevalence of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis, Associated Risk Factors and Spatial Distribution in Spanish Beef Cattle Based on Veterinary Laboratory Database Records. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:750183. [PMID: 34957276 PMCID: PMC8692666 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.750183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a sexually transmitted disease that causes early reproductive failure in natural breeding cattle that are managed extensively. The aim of this study was to assess the BGC prevalence in Spain from 2011 to 2019 using data collected cross-sectionally from the diagnostic reports issued by the SALUVET veterinary diagnostic laboratory from a total of 5,182 breeding bulls from 1,950 herds managed under “dehesa” systems (large herds within fenced pastures and all-year breeding season) or mountain systems (smaller herds with seasonal breeding management and grazing in communal mountain pastures). Infection was detected by PCR in 7.7 and 12.2% of the bulls and herds tested, respectively. The “dehesa” herd management system (OR = 2.078, P = < 0.001, 95% CI = 1.55–1.77), bovine trichomonosis status of the herd (OR = 1.606, P = 0.004, 95% CI = 1.15–2.22), and bulls ≥3 years old (OR = 1.392, P = 0.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.92) were identified as risk factors associated with Campylobacter fetus venerealis infection. We also studied the high-risk areas for circulation of the infection in extensive beef cattle herds in Spain, showing four significant clusters in “dehesa” areas in the south-western provinces of the country and a fifth cluster located in a mountain area in northern Spain. The results obtained in the present study indicate that BGC is endemic and widely distributed in Spanish beef herds. Specifically, “dehesa” herds are at greater risk for introduction of Cfv based on relatively high local prevalence of the infection and the use of specific management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Pena-Fernández
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Villaviciosa, Spain.,Animal Health and Zoonoses Group (SALUVET), Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Horcajo
- Animal Health and Zoonoses Group (SALUVET), Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Vázquez-Arbaizar
- Animal Health and Zoonoses Group (SALUVET)-Innova S.L. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío Cleofé-Resta
- Animal Health and Zoonoses Group (SALUVET), Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Pérez-Arroyo
- Animal Health and Zoonoses Group (SALUVET), Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ortega-Mora
- Animal Health and Zoonoses Group (SALUVET), Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Animal Health and Zoonoses Group (SALUVET)-Innova S.L. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Collantes-Fernández
- Animal Health and Zoonoses Group (SALUVET), Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Animal Health and Zoonoses Group (SALUVET)-Innova S.L. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Carli SD, Dias ME, da Silva MERJ, Breyer GM, Siqueira FM. Survey of beef bulls in Brazil to assess their role as source of infectious agents related to cow infertility. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 34:54-60. [PMID: 34617862 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor reproductive performance in beef cattle caused by infectious agents results in major financial losses as a result of reduced pregnancy rates and extended calving intervals. Bulls can be subclinical chronic carriers of bacterial and protozoal agents involved in cow infertility, such as Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis, Ureaplasma diversum, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma bovis, and Tritrichomonas foetus. Bulls harbor these microorganisms in their preputial crypts and transmit the agents to cows during natural mating. To obtain an overview of the etiologic agents in the preputial mucus of bulls, we aimed to identify, by PCR assay, C. fetus subsp. venerealis, M. bovis, U. diversum, M. bovigenitalium, and T. foetus in Brazilian bulls from farms with high infertility rates. We collected preputial mucus from 210 bulls on 18 beef cattle farms in Brazil between 2019 and 2020. We found at least one of the infectious agents that we were studying in bulls on 16 of the 18 beef cattle farms tested. We detected at least one infectious agent from 159 of 210 (76%) bulls tested, namely C. fetus subsp. venerealis, M. bovis, U. diversum, M. bovigenitalium, and T. foetus in 87 (55%), 84 (53%), 45 (28%), 28 (18%), and 1 (0.6%) animal, respectively. We found 95 bulls (60%) positive for only 1 etiologic agent (single infection) and 64 bulls (40%) carried multiple agents. Our results demonstrate the occurrence of bacterial and protozoal infectious agents that may be related to infertility in Brazilian beef cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D Carli
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria E Dias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria E R J da Silva
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Breyer
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciele M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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15
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Yao C. Control and eradication of bovine trichomonosis in Wyoming, USA by testing and culling positive bulls. Vet Res 2021; 52:129. [PMID: 34620238 PMCID: PMC8499549 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine trichomonosis is caused by Tritrichomonas foetus. Thirty-three US states have state rules on this disease and render it reportable due to potential huge economic losses to cattle industry. The various rules of different states generally mandate testing and culling T. foetus-positive bulls as well as prohibiting import of T. foetus-positive animals. Wyoming has enforced these rules for over 20 year beginning in 2000. From 2017 to 2019, 3 years in a row, not even one T. foetus-positive bull has been detected throughout the entire state among over ten thousand bulls tested annually. Wyoming is the first US state to achieve total control and eradication of bovine trichomonosis by testing and culling T. foetus-positive bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis.
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16
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Dai L, Sahin O, Grover M, Zhang Q. New and alternative strategies for the prevention, control, and treatment of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter. Transl Res 2020; 223:76-88. [PMID: 32438073 PMCID: PMC7423705 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is an enteric pathogen and a leading bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. It is widely distributed in food animal species and is transmitted to humans primarily through the foodborne route. While generally causing self-limited diarrhea in humans, Campylobacter may induce severe or systemic infections in immunocompromised or young/elderly patients, which often requires antibiotic therapy with the first-line antibiotics including fluoroquinolones and macrolides. Over the past decades, Campylobacter has acquired resistance to these clinically significant antibiotics, compromising the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments. To address this concern, many studies have been conducted to advance novel and alternative measures to control antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in animal reservoirs and in the human host. Although some of these undertakings have yielded promising results, efficacious and reliable alternative approaches are yet to be developed. In this review article, we will describe Campylobacter-associated disease spectrums and current treatment options, discuss the state of antibiotic resistance and alternative therapies, and provide an evaluation of various approaches that are being developed to control Campylobacter infections in animal reservoirs and the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States 50011
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States 55902
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine.
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17
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Aydin F, Abay M, Şahin O, Abay S, Karakaya E, Müştak İB, Müştak HK, Gümüşsoy KS, Kayman T. Species distribution, genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates recovered from the preputial cavity of healthy rams in Turkey. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1173-1184. [PMID: 32416023 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Campylobacter sp. are important causes of reproductive disease in ruminants worldwide. Although healthy bulls are well-known carriers for infection of cows, the role of rams as a potential source for infecting ewes is unclear. This study aimed to determine prevalence, species distribution, genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter sp. isolated from the preputial cavity of healthy rams. METHODS AND RESULTS The material of this prospective study comprised 191 swab samples taken from the preputial cavity of healthy rams. Enrichment and membrane filtration were employed for the isolation of Campylobacter. Presumptive isolates were confirmed as Campylobacter by phenotypic and molecular tests. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used for the definitive identification of the isolates at species level, and genotyping was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The susceptibility of the Campylobacter sp. isolates to various antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion test. In all, 27 of the 191 (14·13%) swab samples were found to be positive for Campylobacter sp. (28 isolates were recovered in total). Per phenotypic and genotypic analyses, one isolate was identified as Campylobacter mucosalis and the remaining 27 isolates were identified as Campylobacter sputorum bv. faecalis. The PFGE analysis of the C. sputorum biovar faecalis isolates produced 17 clusters and 24 different pulsotypes, indicating high genetic heterogeneity. All 28 isolates were found to be susceptible to all of the antibiotics tested. CONCLUSIONS Healthy rams may be an important reservoir of different Campylobacter species in the preputium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrated for the first time that healthy rams can carry different Campylobacter sp. including genetically diverse C. sputorum bv. faecalis and C. mucosalis in the preputial cavity. Further investigation on the potential implication of this finding on sheep reproductive health (e.g. infectious infertility, and abortion) and overall epidemiology of Campylobacter may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aydin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - M Abay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - O Şahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - S Abay
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - E Karakaya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İ B Müştak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H K Müştak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K S Gümüşsoy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - T Kayman
- Medical Microbiology Clinic, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Identification of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis virulence genes in cervical mucus from cows. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:1133-1137. [PMID: 31410776 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We used the polymerase chain reaction to identify virulence genes in cervico-vaginal mucus samples from cows positive for Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. There was positivity for the pldA, racR, dnaJ, cdtA, and cdtB genes. No samples showed the cdtC, ciaB, cadF, wlaN, and virB11 genes.
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19
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Olmo L, Reichel MP, Nampanya S, Khounsy S, Wahl LC, Clark BA, Thomson PC, Windsor PA, Bush RD. Risk factors for Neospora caninum, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, and Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo infection in smallholder cattle and buffalo in Lao PDR. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220335. [PMID: 31393897 PMCID: PMC6687104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smallholder large ruminant production in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is characterised by low reproductive efficiency. To determine if common abortifacient bovid infectious diseases are involved, a serological investigation was conducted. Sera was collected from stored and fresh cattle (n = 390) and buffalo (n = 130) samples from 2016-18 from, and then examined for associations in a retrospective risk factor study of 71 herds. The sera were assayed for antibodies to Neospora caninum, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo and Brucella abortus using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. These pathogens were detected in buffalo samples at 78.5% (95% CI 71.4-85.6), 0%, 2.3% (95% CI 0-4.9) and 0%, respectively, and in cattle at 4.4% (95% CI 2.4-6.4), 7.7% (95% CI 3.1-12.3), 12.8% (95% CI 9.5-16.1) and 0.26% (95% CI 0-0.8), respectively. Exposure of buffalo to N. caninum was positively associated with buffalo age, with a predicted seropositivity at birth of 52.8%, increasing to 97.2% by 12 years of age (p = 0.037). Exposure of cattle to L. interrogans serovar Hardjo was more prevalent in females compared to males, was associated with higher titres of BVDV, and was more prevalent in the wet season compared to the dry season. Exposure of cattle to BVDV was more prevalent in males compared to females, the wet and dry seasons were comparable, and was associated with rising antibody titres against N. caninum and L. interrogans serovar Hardjo. The risk factor survey identified that the probability of herds being N. caninum positive increased with farmer age, if farmers believed there were rodents on farm, and if farmers weren't aware that canids or rodents could contaminate bovid feed on their farm. The probability of a herd being positive to L. interrogans serovar Hardjo increased on farms where multiple cows shared the same bull, where farmers had lower husbandry knowledge, and on farms that used water troughs. The probability of a herd being BVDV seropositive increased with increasing herd size and increasing titres to N. caninum. The benchmarking of bovid exposure to emerging abortifacient pathogens and identification of their risk factors potentially informs disease prevention strategies, supporting efforts to establish a biosecure beef supply for enhanced smallholder livestock productivity, public health and food security in Laos and surrounding countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Olmo
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael P Reichel
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sonevilay Nampanya
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.,Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Syseng Khounsy
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Lloyd C Wahl
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bethanie A Clark
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter C Thomson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A Windsor
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell D Bush
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
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20
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Davern AJ, Baird AN, Koziol JH. Occlusion of the corpus cavernosum penis in bulls intended for estrus detection: 18 cases (2002-2016). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 254:512-519. [PMID: 30714860 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.4.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report surgical and long-term postoperative outcomes of bulls undergoing surgical occlusion of the corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) by acrylic injection and epididymectomy with or without penile fixation as preparation for use in estrus detection. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 18 client-owned bulls. PROCEDURES Medical records of bulls that underwent CCP occlusion between December 2002 and March 2016 were identified. Signalment, surgical data, and reported complications were recorded. Long-term (> 6 months after surgery) follow-up data were obtained from medical records or by telephone interview of bull owners with a questionnaire focused on postoperative outcome, use of the bull for estrus detection, and overall satisfaction with the procedure. RESULTS Intraoperative complications included difficulty isolating the penis, polymerization of the acrylic prior to injection, incomplete anesthesia of the surgical site, and fecal contamination of the site. Deposition of acrylic in an improper location led to urethral obstruction and euthanasia of 1 bull; another developed an abscess that was treated successfully. One bull was euthanized because of orchitis. Most (15/18) bulls were used for estrus detection (mean duration, 17.9 months). Libido was considered good or very good for 14 of 15 bulls; 1 was culled for loss of libido after 14 months. Ten of 12 bulls were reportedly unable to protrude the penis; 2 had or developed partial protrusion ability. Overall client satisfaction was high. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this population of healthy young bulls, CCP occlusion was generally well tolerated. Most bulls that underwent CCP occlusion (and epididymectomy with or without penile fixation) had adequate libido, and none were reported able to achieve intromission.
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Collantes-Fernández E, Moreno-Gonzalo J, Sánchez-Sánchez R, García-Bocanegra I, Horcajo P, Ortega-Mora LM. Prevalence of bovine trichomonosis and associated risk factors in bulls from Spanish beef herds. Theriogenology 2019; 128:116-121. [PMID: 30743100 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine trichomonosis is a sexually transmitted disease considered as an important cause of early reproductive failure in beef cattle. To investigate the occurrence of the infection in different Spanish beef cattle-producing areas, retrospective data from the SALUVET veterinary diagnostic laboratory (Veterinary Faculty, Madrid, Spain) derived from the analysis of samples from beef bulls that were routinely tested for Tritrichomonas foetus infection, were compiled from 2011 to 2015. In addition, a number of potential risk factors were assessed. T. foetus was detected in 12.7% (385/3016; 95% CI: 11.5%-13.9%) of samples from bulls and in 20.7% (195/941; 95% CI: 18.1%-23.3%) of the herds tested. "Bull age" and "reproductive disorders in the herd" were the risk factors identified in the multivariable analysis. Bulls older than 3 years (19.7%) were more likely to be infected than young bulls (8.2%) and T. foetus was more often detected in herds with reproductive problems (27.9%) than in those without reproductive disorders (9.4%). The prevalence in bulls originating in mountain systems (13.9%, 267/1922) was significantly higher than that in "dehesa" (Mediterranean holm-oak pasture) areas (10.8%; 118/1094) (P ˂ 0.05), which might be attributable to the use of communal pastures and specific management practices in mountain systems. The results reported here indicate that T. foetus infection is substantially spread among beef cattle herds, suggesting that BT could be having a significant negative impact on the reproduction and productivity of Spanish beef herds managed under extensive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Collantes-Fernández
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Moreno-Gonzalo
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Horcajo
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Silveira CDS, Fraga M, Giannitti F, Macías-Rioseco M, Riet-Correa F. Diagnosis of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis in South America. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:321. [PMID: 30619902 PMCID: PMC6302017 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a venereal infectious disease that affects reproduction. It is caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis (Cfv), which may include the biotype intermedius. The bull is a lifelong asymptomatic carrier and transmitter of the disease. In females Cfv may cause infertility and sporadic abortion. The objective of this study is to review and discuss methods for the diagnosis of BGC, its prevalence and economic impact in South America. BGC is a worldwide distributed disease and can cause a pregnancy rate decrease of 15-25%. The farm prevalence of BGC in different regions of South American countries shows a variation between 2.3 and 100%. Discrepancies may depend on the differences on sanitary, management, and reproductive practices between farms and regions, but also on the interpretation of different diagnostic tests. Currently known laboratory tests include bacterial culture, direct immunofluorescence, immunoenzymatic assays, vaginal mucus agglutination test, PCR-based methods, histology and immunohistochemistry, which are applied and interpreted in diagnostic laboratories at different scales. Epidemiologic data of BGC in South America should be interpreted with caution. High prevalence has been reported in some studies, although the low specificity of the diagnostic tests used could lead to an overestimation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline da Silva Silveira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Martin Fraga
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Melissa Macías-Rioseco
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review scientific evidence concerning pathogens that could potentially be transmitted via bovine semen. As a result of a careful analysis of the characteristics of infections that may cause transmission of disease through semen, effective control procedures can be identified that provide minimal constraint to the introduction of new bulls into herds for natural breeding and importation of valuable novel genetics through artificial insemination. The potential for transmission through bovine semen and corresponding effective control procedures are described for bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine leukemia virus, lumpy skin disease virus, bluetongue virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and Schmallenberg virus. Brief consideration is also provided regarding the potential for transmission via semen of Tritrichomonas foetus, Campylobacter fetus venerealis, Brucella abortus, Leptospira spp., Histophilus somni, Ureaplasma diversum, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Chlamydiaceae, Mycobacterium bovis, Coxiella burnetii, Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides and Neospora caninum. Thoughtful and systematic control procedures can ensure the safety of introducing new bulls and cryopreserved semen into cattle production systems.
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24
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Collántes-Fernández E, Fort MC, Ortega-Mora LM, Schares G. Trichomonas. PARASITIC PROTOZOA OF FARM ANIMALS AND PETS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122547 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70132-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The most widely known trichomonad in veterinary medicine is Tritrichomonas foetus. It is the etiologic agent of bovine tritrichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease in extensively managed herds throughout many geographic regions worldwide. The same trichomonad species is also regarded as the causative agent of chronic diarrhea in the domestic cat, although more recent studies observed molecular differences between bovine- and feline-derived T. foetus. Trichomonosis in cats has a worldwide distribution and is mainly present among cats from high-density housing environments. Other trichomonads are found as inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract in birds, such as Trichomonas gallinae. Particularly, Columbiformes, Falconiformes, Strigiformes, and wild Passeriformes can be severely affected by avian trichomonads. Diagnosis of trichomonosis is often complicated by the fragility of the parasite. To ensure valid test results, it is essential to collect and handle specimens in the right way prior to analysis. Cultivation tests, the specific amplification of parasites, or a combination of both test methods is the most efficient and most commonly used way to diagnose trichomonosis in animals. Bovine tritrichomonosis is mainly controlled by the identification and withdrawal of infected animals from bovine herds. The control of feline and avian trichomonosis relies mainly on preventive measures.
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25
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More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Candiani D, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Trichomonosis. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04992. [PMID: 32625289 PMCID: PMC7009924 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonosis has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of trichomonosis to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of trichomonosis according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to trichomonosis. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, trichomonosis can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL. The disease would comply with the criteria as in sections 3, 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (c), (d) and (e) of Article 9(1). The animal species to be listed for trichomonosis according to Article 8(3) criteria is cattle as susceptible and reservoir.
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26
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Rigo GV, Trein MR, da Silva Trentin D, Macedo AJ, de Oliveira BA, de Almeida AM, Giordani RB, de Almeida MV, Tasca T. Diamine derivative anti-Trichomonas vaginalis and anti-Tritrichomonas foetus activities by effect on polyamine metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:847-855. [PMID: 28903180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and bovine trichomoniasis are sexually transmitted diseases (STD) caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus, respectively. Human trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral STD in the world and bovine trichomoniasis causes significant economic losses to breeders. Considering the significant impact of the infections caused by these protozoa and the treatment failures, the search for new therapeutic alternatives becomes crucial. In this study the effect of diamines and amino alcohols in the in vitro viability of trichomonads was evaluated. Screening demonstrated the high activity of diamine 4 against these protozoa. Although cytotoxicity against HMVII cell line and slight hemolysis were observed in vitro, the compound showed no toxic effect on the Galleria mellonella in vivo model. Importantly, diamine 4 was active against both trichomonads species at 6h and 24h of incubation, and these effects was reverted by putrescine, a polyamine, suggesting competition for the same metabolic pathway. These findings indicate that the mechanism of action of diamine 4 is through the polyamine metabolism, a pathway distinct from that presented by metronidazole, the drug usually used to treat trichomoniasis and to which resistance is widely reported. These data demonstrate the importance of diamines as potential novel candidates as anti-T. vaginalis and anti-T. foetus agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Vargas Rigo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rodrigues Trein
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Danielle da Silva Trentin
- Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, 90610-000, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre/RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Assis de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Cidade Universitária, Campos Martelos, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Angelina Maria de Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Cidade Universitária, Campos Martelos, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Brandt Giordani
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, SN, 59010-180, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Mauro Vieira de Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Cidade Universitária, Campos Martelos, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Tiana Tasca
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Okafor CC, Strickland LG, Jones BM, Kania S, Anderson DE, Whitlock BK. Prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus in tennessee bulls. Vet Parasitol 2017; 243:169-175. [PMID: 28807288 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of bovine trichomonosis (BT) in TN bulls was estimated through both active screening of bulls and review of previous laboratory records. During the active bull screening, preputial smegma specimens were collected from 458 TN beef bulls at 2 cattle slaughterhouses and 2 stockyards, which serve most beef bulls in TN, between March 2014 and June 2015. Each specimen was cultured for Tritrichomonas foetus (T. foetus) as well as evaluated microscopically every other day for seven days for any protozoa resembling T. foetus. An aliquot of the culture media from each specimen was used for DNA extraction and subsequent qPCR testing. Two specimens were considered suspect on microscopic evaluation, but all specimens were negative for T. foetus on qPCR. This suggests that the 2 specimens were most likely contaminated by fecal trichomonads. Retrospectively, 1979 T. foetus test records from 2 major TN diagnostic laboratories were reviewed between October 2013 and September 2016. True prevalence of BT in TN beef bulls was estimated at <0.01% from the laboratory records, although the county prevalence differed in 2 TN counties (Marshal: 0.09% and Bedford: 0.5%). Overall, the prevalence of BT in TN is low, and the current screening efforts to help control BT disease in TN are acceptable. Future efforts should focus on educating cattle stakeholders on the importance of optimal specimen collection and handling as well as routine testing for BT before cattle movement. In addition, cattle producers should be reminded of leading risk factors associated with BT in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika C Okafor
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Lew G Strickland
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, 2506 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Brittni M Jones
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Stephen Kania
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - David E Anderson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Brian K Whitlock
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Abstract
Campylobacter includes a group of genetically diverse species causing a range of diseases in animals and humans. The bacterium is frequently associated with two economically important and epidemiologically distinct reproductive diseases in ruminants: enzootic infectious infertility in cattle owing to Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and abortions in sheep, goats, and cattle. Septic abortion, usually epizootic in sheep, has been historically associated with C. fetus subsp. fetus and to a lesser extent with Campylobacter jejuni. However, there has been a dramatic species shift in the etiology of Campylobacter abortions in recent years: C. jejuni has now replaced C. fetus subsp. fetus as the predominant cause of sheep abortion in the United States, which appears to be driven primarily by clonal expansion of a hypervirulent tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni clone. Here we provide a review on the recent advances in understanding the pathobiology of Campylobacter infections in animals, with an emphasis on the diseases in ruminants, covering epidemiology, pathogenesis, genomics, and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011;
| | - Michael Yaeger
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011;
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; ,
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; ,
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Dewell GA, Phillips PE, Dohlman TM, Harmon KM, Gauger PC. Validation of a gauze sponge sampling methodology to detect Tritrichomonas foetus by real-time PCR. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:595-8. [PMID: 27400955 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716653637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine trichomoniasis is a concern for the cattle industry. Advances in testing systems have increased the ability to detect the disease in bulls. However, the greatest limitation is proper collection of an adequate sample. The low repeatability observed with most sample collection techniques can cause false-negative results. The aim of our study was to validate a sample collection technique that increases diagnostic sensitivity and is easier and safer to collect than preputial scraping. Commercial bulls (n = 111) of unknown infection status were sampled for detection of Tritrichomonas foetus using 2 different collection methods: 1) preputial scraping with a dry insemination pipette and 2) penile sponging with a 16-ply gauze sponge. Preputial scraping samples were collected by vigorously scraping preputial and penile mucosa using a rigid insemination pipette while applying negative pressure with a syringe. Penile sponge samples were obtained by swabbing the penile and preputial mucosa with a gauze sponge during full extension of the penis. All samples were processed using a commercial medium and submitted under similar conditions for PCR testing. Positive PCR results were detected in 37 of 111 (33%) bulls using the preputial scraping technique; however, 39 of 111 (35%) were positive using the penile sponging technique. The Newton-Raphson algorithm predicted that the sensitivity of the preputial scraping method was 0.919 (95% CI: 0.689-0.983) and the sensitivity of the penile sponging was 0.949 (95% CI: 0.818-0.987). These data indicate that the penile sponging technique is a reliable alternative to the preputial scraping method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant A Dewell
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Patrick E Phillips
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Tyler M Dohlman
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Karen M Harmon
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Phil C Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Hancock AS, Younis PJ, Beggs DS, Mansell PD, Pyman MF. Infectious reproductive disease pathogens in dairy herd bulls. Aust Vet J 2016; 93:349-53. [PMID: 26412115 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the presence of infectious reproductive disease pathogens in dairy herd bulls in south-west Victoria, Australia, using a cross-sectional study. METHODS Dairy herd bulls from 32 herds were sampled for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV: 256 bulls, 32 herds) prior to the natural mating period, bovine herpes virus-1 prior to (10 bulls, 5 herds) and after (118 bulls, 19 herds) the natural mating period, and for Campylobacter fetus spp. and Tritrichomonas foetus after the natural mating period (61 bulls, 7 herds). BVDV was detected from an ear-notch sample using a commercially available rapid assay ELISA, bovine herpes virus-1 and T. foetus were screened for by PCR from a penile swab and preputial sample respectively, and C. fetus spp. were screened for by culture of preputial samples. RESULTS None of the bulls tested positive for BVDV antigen. Campylobacter fetus venerealis (or C. fetus fetus) was cultured in 6.6% (4/61) of bulls, representing 2 of the 7 (28.6%) farms that were not vaccinating bulls against bovine genital campylobacteriosis. Bovine herpes virus-1 was identified in 7.8% (10/128) bulls sampled; T. foetus was not identified in any samples. CONCLUSION Bovine genital campylobacteriosis is present in south-western Victoria, despite longstanding recommendations to vaccinate bulls. Screening bulls for persistent infection with BVDV is probably justified, despite the absence of persistently infected bulls in this study. Further research is warranted to investigate the potential reproductive implications of BHV-1, and the presence of T. foetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hancock
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia. .,The Vet Group, Timboon, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - D S Beggs
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.,Warrnambool Veterinary Clinic, Warrnambool, VIC, Australia
| | - P D Mansell
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - M F Pyman
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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Bader C, Jesudoss Chelladurai J, Thompson K, Hall C, Carlson SA, Brewer MT. Evaluation of high-throughput assays for in vitro drug susceptibility testing of Tritrichomonas foetus trophozoites. Vet Parasitol 2016; 223:34-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
SUMMARYIron is an essential element for the survival of trichomonads during host–parasite interaction. The availability of this metal modulates several metabolic pathways of the parasites and regulates the expression of virulence factors such as adhesins and proteolytic enzymes. In this study, we investigated the effect of iron depletion on the morphology and life cycle ofTritrichomonas foetus. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that depletion of iron from the culture medium (named TYM-DIP inducer medium) induces morphological transformation of typical pear-shaped trophozoites into spherical and non-motile pseudocysts. Remarkably, inoculation of pseudocysts into an iron-rich medium (standard TYM medium), or addition of FeSO4to a TYM-DIP inducer medium reverted the morphological transformation process and typical trophozoites were recovered. These results show that pseudocysts are viable forms of the parasite and highlight the role of iron as a modulator of the parasite phenotype. Although iron is required for the survival ofT. foetus, iron depletion does not cause a cellular collapse of pseudocysts, but instead induces phenotypic alterations, probably in order to allow the parasite to survive conditions of nutritional stress. Together, these findings support previous studies that suggest pseudocysts are a resistance form in the life cycle ofT. foetusand enable new approaches to understanding the multifactorial role of iron in the cell biology of this protozoan parasite.
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Clothier K, Anderson M. Evaluation of bovine abortion cases and tissue suitability for identification of infectious agents in California diagnostic laboratory cases from 2007 to 2012. Theriogenology 2015; 85:933-938. [PMID: 26679514 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Establishing a definitive cause of bovine abortion is a challenging problem faced by veterinary practitioners and diagnosticians. Detection of an infectious or noninfectious source for abortion may facilitate interventions that mitigate future fetal loss in the herd. The purposes of this study were to identify the most common causes of bovine abortion in cases submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis (CAHFS) from 2007 to 2013 and to determine if detection of infectious pathogens differed with the fetal tissue evaluated. Records of 665 bovine abortion cases of 709 animals were reviewed for pathologic diagnoses, test methods used to identify causative conditions, and which tissues yielded successful identification of infectious agents associated with abortion. Over 58% of abortions were attributed to an infectious cause and 46.9% had an infectious agent identified. The most common infectious conditions were Epizootic Bovine Abortion (EBA) (16.2% of all fetuses), other fetal bacterial infections (14.7% of all fetuses), and Neospora caninum (9.3% of all fetuses.) The bacterium associated with EBA (currently named Pajaroellobacter abortibovis) was most commonly identified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in lymphoid organs (thymus and spleen); N. caninum IHC was most frequently positive in brain, kidney, and placenta. In cases of pathogenic and opportunistic bacterial infections, abomasal samples yielded a significantly greater proportion of definitive aerobic culture results than lung or liver tissues. Direct fluorescent antibody test results for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus testing were identical between lung and kidney tissues and nearly identical (96.0%) for Bovine Herpesvirus I. Noninfectious abortive conditions included fetal stress (10.5%), dystocia (3.9%), congenital defects (3.3%), toxicological or mineral problems (1.8%), and death of the cow (1.1%). Just over 20% of the aborted fetuses had no gross or histopathological lesions to explain the abortion. This review highlights the need for submission of critical samples including abomasal contents, lymphoid tissues (thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes), and brain to maximize the diagnosticians' ability to identify causes of abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Clothier
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - M Anderson
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Comparative aspects of immunity and vaccination in human and bovine trichomoniasis: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 48:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Woudwyk MA, Zanuzzi CN, Nishida F, Gimeno EJ, Soto P, Monteavaro CE, Barbeito CG. Apoptosis and cell proliferation in the mouse model of embryonic death induced by Tritrichomonas foetus infection. Exp Parasitol 2015; 156:32-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Tung CK, Hu L, Fiore AG, Ardon F, Hickman DG, Gilbert RO, Suarez SS, Wu M. Microgrooves and fluid flows provide preferential passageways for sperm over pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5431-6. [PMID: 25870286 PMCID: PMC4418881 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500541112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful mammalian reproduction requires that sperm migrate through a long and convoluted female reproductive tract before reaching oocytes. For many years, fertility studies have focused on biochemical and physiological requirements of sperm. Here we show that the biophysical environment of the female reproductive tract critically guides sperm migration, while at the same time preventing the invasion of sexually transmitted pathogens. Using a microfluidic model, we demonstrate that a gentle fluid flow and microgrooves, typically found in the female reproductive tract, synergistically facilitate bull sperm migration toward the site of fertilization. In contrast, a flagellated sexually transmitted bovine pathogen, Tritrichomonas foetus, is swept downstream under the same conditions. We attribute the differential ability of sperm and T. foetus to swim against flow to the distinct motility types of sperm and T. foetus; specifically, sperm swim using a posterior flagellum and are near-surface swimmers, whereas T. foetus swims primarily via three anterior flagella and demonstrates much lower attraction to surfaces. This work highlights the importance of biophysical cues within the female reproductive tract in the reproductive process and provides insight into coevolution of males and females to promote fertilization while suppressing infection. Furthermore, the results provide previously unidentified directions for the development of in vitro fertilization devices and contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lian Hu
- Biomedical Sciences, and Family Planning Research Institute, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingming Wu
- Departments of Biological and Environmental Engineering,
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37
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Yao C. Tritrichomonas foetus infections in female beef cattle with abortion in Wyoming, USA. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
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Prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine genital campylobacteriosis and bovine trichomonosis in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:549-55. [PMID: 25633914 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cows from dairy herds in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. In total, 383 samples of cervico-vaginal mucus were collected from cows on 21 herds in 19 districts. Genomic DNA was extracted from the samples and submitted for polymerase chain reaction analysis. An investigative questionnaire was used to analyze the risk factors, using questions related to reproductive and hygiene/sanitation management. A prevalence of 1.8% (0.8-3.9%; confidence interval (CI) 95%) and 33.4% (28.7-38.4%; CI 95%) was found for C. fetus subsp. venerealis and T. foetus, respectively. In terms of the number of foci, 28.6% of the herds contained at least one animal that was positive for C. fetus subsp. venerealis and 90.5% for T. foetus. The present study identified herds larger than 100 animals as a risk factor for bovine genital campylobacteriosis (OR = 7.2; CI 1.3-38.4%; p = 0.020) and the use of natural breeding as a risk factor for bovine trichomonosis (OR = 2.4; CI 1.1-5.9%; p = 0.041). In conclusion, C. fetus subsp. venerealis and T. foetus infections occurred in the region studied and high numbers of foci were found. Thus, prophylaxis and control measures, such as diagnosis, separation, and sexual rest for infected females, are suggested. An artificial insemination program with early rigorous sanitary care should be implemented on the properties in order to avoid the spread of agents in the herds.
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Guerra AG, Chaban B, Hill JE, Waldner CL, Hendrick SH. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of a real-time PCR assay forCampylobacter fetussubspvenerealisin preputial samples from bulls. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:851-60. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.9.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Pereira-Neves A, Rosales-Encina JL, Meyer-Fernandes JR, Benchimol M. Tritrichomonas foetus: Characterisation of ecto-phosphatase activities in the endoflagelar form and their possible participation on the parasite’s transformation and cytotoxicity. Exp Parasitol 2014; 142:67-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Collantes-Fernández E, Mendoza-Ibarra JA, Pedraza-Díaz S, Rojo-Montejo S, Navarro-Lozano V, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria JA, Ortega-Mora LM, Osoro K. Efficacy of a control program for bovine trichomonosis based on testing and culling infected bulls in beef cattle managed under mountain pastoral systems of Northern Spain. Vet J 2014; 200:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Vilela RC, Benchimol M. IL-10 release by bovine epithelial cells cultured with Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 108:110-2. [PMID: 23440124 PMCID: PMC3974308 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus are parasitic protists of the human and bovine urogenital tracts, respectively. Several studies have described the cytotoxic effects of trichomonads on urogenital tract epithelial cells. However, little is known about the host cell response against trichomonads. The aim of this study was to determine whether T. foetus and T. vaginalis stimulated the release of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 from cultured bovine epithelial cells. To characterise the inflammatory response induced by these parasites, primary cultures of bovine oviduct epithelial cells were exposed to either T. vaginalis or T. foetus. Within 12 h after parasite challenge, supernatants were collected and cytokine production was analysed. Large amounts of IL-10 were detected in the supernatants of cultures that had been stimulated with T. foetus. Interestingly, T. vaginalis induced only a small increase in the release of IL-10 upon exposure to the same bovine cells. Thus, the inflammatory response of the host cell is species-specific. Only T. foetus and not T. vaginalis induced the release of IL-10 by bovine oviduct epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Chaves Vilela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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43
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Mai HM, Irons PC, Kabir J, Thompson PN. Prevalence of bovine genital campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis of bulls in northern Nigeria. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55:56. [PMID: 23927676 PMCID: PMC3751741 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis, and their concurrence with brucellosis, in cattle in three states of northern Nigeria. METHODS A total of 602 preputial samples was collected from bulls in 250 herds and tested using culture and identification. Various indigenous and exotic breeds were studied and four major management systems were encountered. Age of the cattle was estimated using dentition, farm records or cornual rings. RESULTS The estimated true animal-level prevalence of Campylobacter fetus infection was 16.4% (95% CI: 13.0-20.7), of which 18.5% was C. f. fetus and 81.5% was C. f. venerealis. Of the latter, 92% were C. f. venerealis biovar intermedius strains. Animal-level prevalences in Adamawa, Kano and Kaduna states were 31.8%, 11.6% and 8.3% respectively, and were highest in bulls>7 years old (33.4%) and in the Gudali breed (28.8%). Of the 250 herds, 78 (25.5%, 95% CI: 19.4-32.7) had at least one infected bull, and herd prevalence was highest in the pastoral management system (43.5%). After adjustment for confounding using multivariable analysis, the odds of C. fetus infection were highest in Adamawa state (P<0.01), in the pastoral management system (P<0.01), and in bulls>7 years old (P=0.01), and tended to be higher in Bos taurus breeds (P=0.06). There was a strong positive association between the presence of campylobacteriosis and brucellosis (P<0.01), both within bulls (OR=8.3) and within herds (OR=16.0). Trichomonosis was not detected in any herds. CONCLUSION Bovine genital campylobacteriosis is prevalent particularly in the pastoral management system in northern Nigeria, with C. f. venerealis biovar intermedius as the major aetiology. There was a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of campylobacteriosis and brucellosis. No evidence of trichomonosis was found in herds in this study.
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44
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Lectin Binding Pattern in the Uterus of Pregnant Mice Infected with Tritrichomonas foetus. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:341-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Molina L, Perea J, Meglia G, Angón E, García A. Spatial and temporal epidemiology of bovine trichomoniasis and bovine genital campylobacteriosis in La Pampa province (Argentina). Prev Vet Med 2013; 110:388-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Mendoza-Ibarra JA, Ortega-Mora LM, Pedraza-Díaz S, Rojo-Montejo S, Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria JA, García-Peña FJ, Navarro-Lozano V, Cuevas-Martín MDC, Osoro K, Collantes-Fernández E. Differences in the prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus infection in beef cattle farmed under extensive conditions in northern Spain. Vet J 2013; 196:547-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Baltzell P, Newton H, O'Connor A. A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Whole-Cell Killed Tritrichomonas foetus
Vaccines in Beef Cattle. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:760-70. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Baltzell
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA
| | - H. Newton
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA
| | - A.M. O'Connor
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA
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48
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Oyhenart J, Martínez F, Ramírez R, Fort M, Breccia JD. Loop mediated isothermal amplification of 5.8S rDNA for specific detection of Tritrichomonas foetus. Vet Parasitol 2012; 193:59-65. [PMID: 23265811 PMCID: PMC7116945 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tritrichomonas foetus is the causative agent of bovine trichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease leading to infertility and abortion. A test based on loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeting the 5.8S rDNA subunit was designed for the specific identification of T. foetus. The LAMP assay was validated using 28 T. foetus and 35 non-T. foetus trichomonads strains. It did not exhibit cross-reaction with closely related parasites commonly found in smegma cultures like Tetratrichomonas spp. and Pentatrichomonas hominis. Bovine smegma did not show interferences for the detection of the parasite and, the sensitivity of the method (4 × 103 CFU/mL, approximately 10 cells/reaction) was slightly higher than that found for PCR amplification with TFR3 and TFR4 primers. The LAMP approach has potential applications for diagnosis and control of T. foetus and, practical use for low skill operators in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Oyhenart
- INCITAP - CONICET - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, 6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
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49
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Pereira-Neves A, Nascimento LF, Benchimol M. Cytotoxic Effects Exerted by Tritrichomonas foetus Pseudocysts. Protist 2012; 163:529-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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50
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Mendoza-Ibarra JA, Pedraza-Díaz S, García-Peña FJ, Rojo-Montejo S, Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria JA, San Miguel-Ibáñez E, Navarro-Lozano V, Ortega-Mora LM, Osoro K, Collantes-Fernandez E. High prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus infection in Asturiana de la Montaña beef cattle kept in extensive conditions in Northern Spain. Vet J 2012; 193:146-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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