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Oyhenart J. Positive cases of bovine genital campylobacteriosis and bovine trichomonosis in the eradication program of La Pampa, Argentina: 2008-2021. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:96. [PMID: 38441747 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis, caused by the gram-negative bacteria Campylobacter fetus venerealis, and bovine trichomonosis, caused by the parasite protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus, are venereal diseases that occur with long intercalving periods and abortion. The control of both diseases relies on microbiological testing and culling infected bulls. Vaccination and antibiotic treatment may help in controlling campylobacteriosis but are not recommended for trichomonosis control. Several regions of the world have active control programs for trichomonosis, not campylobacteriosis. In Argentina, the state of La Pampa aims to eradicate trichomonosis and campylobacteriosis by imposing annual diagnostic testing of every bull and slaughtering positive animals. Prior studies indicated a declining trend in the prevalence of campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis in La Pampa. It was also proposed that the prevalence of one disease could be estimated from the prevalence of the other. The purpose of this retrospective analysis of data gathered from 2008 to 2021 was to determine the La Pampa program's efficacy. Descriptive statistics were employed to determine the reason behind the correlation between tricomonosis and campylobacteriosis diagnostic results. The outcomes refute the notion that this program of venereal eradication was a success. Furthermore, an excess of false positives in both diagnoses may have contributed to the correlation between the prevalences of campylobactriosis and trichomonosis. The practice of killing animals without verifying positive results hinders the determination of disease prevalence and results in the death of numerous healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Oyhenart
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National University of La Pampa (UNLPam), Ruta 35 km 334, (6300), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
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2
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Chen D, Havelaar AH, Platts-Mills JA, Yang Y. Acquisition and clearance dynamics of Campylobacter spp. in children in low- and middle-income countries. Epidemics 2024; 46:100749. [PMID: 38367286 PMCID: PMC10944168 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Campylobacter infection is generally high among children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), but the dynamics of its acquisition and clearance are understudied. We aim to quantify this process among children under two years old in eight LMIC using a statistical modeling approach, leveraging enzyme-immunoassay-based Campylobacter genus data and quantitative-PCR-based Campylobacter jejuni/coli data from the MAL-ED study. We developed a Markov model to compare the dynamics of acquisition and clearance of Campylobacter across countries and to explore the effect of antibiotic usage on Campylobacter clearance. Clearance rates were generally higher than acquisition rates, but their magnitude and temporal pattern varied across countries. For C. jejuni/coli, clearance was faster than acquisition throughout the two years at all sites. For Campylobacter spp., the acquisition rate either exceeded or stayed very close to the clearance rate after the first half year in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Tanzania, leading to high prevalence. Bangladesh had the shortest (28 and 57 days) while Brazil had the longest (328 and 306 days) mean times from last clearance to acquisition for Campylobacter spp. and C. jejuni/coli, respectively. South Africa had the shortest (10 and 8 days) while Tanzania had the longest (53 and 41 days) mean times to clearance for Campylobacter spp. and C. jejuni/col, respectively. The use of Macrolide accelerated clearance of C. jejuni/coli in Bangladesh and Peru and of Campylobacter spp. in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Fluoroquinolone showed statistically meaningful effects only in Bangladesh but for both Campylobacter groups. Higher prevalence of Campylobacter infection was mainly driven by a high acquisition rate that was close to or surpassing the clearance rate. Acquisition rate usually peaked in 11-17 months of age, indicating the importance of targeting the first year of life for effective interventions to reduce exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arie H Havelaar
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Global Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James A Platts-Mills
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Statistics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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3
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Heimesaat MM, Schabbel N, Langfeld LQ, Shayya NW, Mousavi S, Bereswill S. Prophylactic Oral Application of Activated Charcoal Mitigates Acute Campylobacteriosis in Human Gut Microbiota-Associated IL-10 -/- Mice. Biomolecules 2024; 14:141. [PMID: 38397378 PMCID: PMC10886519 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human Campylobacter jejuni infections is increasing worldwide. It is highly desirable to prevent campylobacteriosis in individuals at risk for severe disease with antibiotics-independent non-toxic compounds. Activated charcoal (AC) has long been used as an anti-diarrheal remedy. Here, we tested the disease-mitigating effects of oral AC versus placebo in human gut microbiota-associated (hma) IL-10-/- mice starting a week prior to C. jejuni infection. On day 6 post-infection, the gastrointestinal C. jejuni loads were comparable in both infected cohorts, whereas campylobacteriosis symptoms such as wasting and bloody diarrhea were mitigated upon AC prophylaxis. Furthermore, AC application resulted in less pronounced C. jejuni-induced colonic epithelial cell apoptosis and in dampened innate and adaptive immune cell responses in the colon that were accompanied by basal concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators including IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and nitric oxide measured in colonic explants from AC treated mice on day 6 post-infection. Furthermore, C. jejuni infection resulted in distinct fecal microbiota shift towards higher enterobacterial numbers and lower loads of obligate anaerobic species in hma mice that were AC-independent. In conclusion, our pre-clinical placebo-controlled intervention study provides evidence that prophylactic oral AC application mitigates acute murine campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M. Heimesaat
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Lenherr A, Boughdad S, Prior JO, Lalonde MN, Filippidis P. Infective aortitis and subacute myocarditis due to Campylobacter fetus. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 138:113-114. [PMID: 38016501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anaelle Lenherr
- Internal Medicine Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Boughdad
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John O Prior
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Nicod Lalonde
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paraskevas Filippidis
- Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Musick WL. Case Commentary: An espresso, a free puppy, and multidrug-resistant Campylobacter. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0075223. [PMID: 37823639 PMCID: PMC10649087 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00752-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species infections in immunocompromised patients have the potential to progress to bacteremia and other extra-intestinal diseases. There is a sparsity of robust data, including antibiotic susceptibility data for contemporary agents, upon which to base treatment decisions. Moreover, intrinsic antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. further limits treatment options. The current publication by Bonilla-Moreno et al. elaborates on this clinical dilemma through the development, treatment, and molecular investigation of the putative mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in an immunocompromised patient with Campylobacter coli bacteremia.
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Aksomaitiene J, Novoslavskij A, Malakauskas M. Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Profiling of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Core-Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing of Campylobacter jejuni from Different Sources in Lithuania. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16017. [PMID: 37958998 PMCID: PMC10648690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is known as one of the main causative agents of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, and the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter is a growing public health challenge of special concern. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize genetic determinants of AMR in 53 C. jejuni isolates from dairy cattle, broiler products, wild birds, and humans in Lithuania. The WGS-based study revealed 26 C. jejuni AMR markers that conferred resistance to various antimicrobials. Genetic markers associated with resistance to beta-lactamases, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides were found in 79.3%, 28.3%, and 9.4% of C. jejuni isolates, respectively. Additionally, genetic markers associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) were found in 90.6% of C. jejuni isolates. The WGS data analysis revealed that a common mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) was R285K (854G > A) at 86.8%, followed by A312T (934G > A) at 83% and T86I (257C > T) at 71.7%. The phenotypic resistance analysis performed with the agar dilution method revealed that ciprofloxacin (CIP) (90.6%), ceftriaxone (CRO) (67.9%), and tetracycline (TET) (45.3%) were the predominant AMR patterns. MDR was detected in 41.5% (22/53) of the isolates tested. Fifty-seven virulence genes were identified in all C. jejuni isolates; most of these genes were associated with motility (n = 28) and chemotaxis (n = 10). Additionally, all C. jejuni isolates harbored virulence genes related to adhesion, invasion, LOS, LPS, CPS, transportation, and CDT. In total, 16 sequence types (STs) and 11 clonal complexes (CC) were identified based on core-genome MLST (cgMLST) analysis. The data analysis revealed distinct diversity depending on phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Aksomaitiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.N.); (M.M.)
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7
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Cohen R, Minodier P, Hau I, Filleron A, Werner A, Haas H, Raymond J, Thollot F, Bellaïche M. Anti-infective treatment of gastro-intestinal tract infections in children. Infect Dis Now 2023; 53:104784. [PMID: 37739226 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastroenteritis is most often viral in origin and Rotavirus and Norovirus most frequently implicated in young children. Stool-based multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can detect bacteria, viruses or parasites that may or may not be responsible for gastroenteritis (colonization). While the etiological profile of these digestive infections has greatly benefited from PCR, in the absence of underlying pathologies the presence of potential pathogens does not justify anti-infectious treatment. Indeed, very few bacterial causes require antibiotic treatment, apart from shigellosis, severe forms of salmonellosis and a few Campylobacter sp. infections. The development of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella sp., Shigella sp. and Campylobacter sp. is a cause for concern worldwide, limiting therapeutic options. The antibiotics proposed in this guide are in line with the joint recommendations of the European Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. Azithromycin is preferentially used to treat infections with Shigella sp. or Campylobacter sp. Ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin are recommended for salmonellosis requiring antibiotic therapy. Empirical treatments without bacterial identification are not indicated except in cases of severe sepsis or in subjects at risk (e.g., sickle-cell disease). Metronidazole should be prescribed only for acute intestinal amebiasis after microbiological confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Cohen
- Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, 94000 Créteil, France; Unité Court Séjour, Petits Nourrissons, Service de Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France; Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne (ACTIV), Créteil, France; Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie (GPIP), Créteil, France.
| | - Philippe Minodier
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie (GPIP), Créteil, France; CHU de Marseille (Hôpital nord), Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Hau
- Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, 94000 Créteil, France; Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie (GPIP), Créteil, France; Department of General Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France
| | - Anne Filleron
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Nîmes, Univ. Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Andreas Werner
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie (GPIP), Créteil, France; Primary Care Paediatrician, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, France
| | - Hervé Haas
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie (GPIP), Créteil, France; Neonatal Pediatrics Department Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
| | - Josette Raymond
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie (GPIP), Créteil, France; Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Franck Thollot
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie (GPIP), Créteil, France; Primary Care Paediatrician, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, France
| | - Marc Bellaïche
- Service de Gastro-entérologie Pédiatrique - Hôpital Robert-Debré - AP-HP, France
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Roa-Bautista A, Brown LAK, Tadros S, Burns SO, Godbole G, Lowe DM. Clinical Features, Immunological Characteristics, and Treatment Outcomes of Campylobacter spp. Infections in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023; 11:3493-3501.e4. [PMID: 37406804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter infection usually causes a self-limited clinical illness lasting 5 to 7 days, resolving without antimicrobial treatment in immunocompetent subjects. However, an inadequate immune response can lead to a prolonged and severe disease requiring antibiotics and more aggressive therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively describe Campylobacter spp. infections in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). METHODS A retrospective cohort of 14 CVID patients with Campylobacter infection and 95 CVID controls attending the immunology clinic at a large tertiary hospital was assessed. Immunological, clinical, and microbiological parameters were measured with median follow-up over 20 years in both cohorts. Patients were treated according to a novel algorithm for Campylobacter in antibody-deficient patients. RESULTS Campylobacter patients had a higher proportion of CD21lowCD38low and transitional B cells (median 38.0% vs 14.2% and 5.4% vs 3.2%) and lower long-term average CD19+ B cells (median 0.06 vs 0.18 × 109/L) and CD4+ T cells (0.41 vs 0.62 × 109/L) in comparison with the controls. Similarly, Campylobacter patients showed a decline in B cells (median 0.02 vs 0.14 × 109/L), CD4+ T cells (0.33 vs 0.59 × 109/L), CD8+ T cells (0.26 vs 0.62 × 109/L), and natural killer cells (0.08 vs 0.18 × 109/L) over time. Antimicrobial resistance, especially to macrolides and fluoroquinolones, was common. Bacterial clearance with associated clinical improvement was obtained after a median of 20 and 113 days for acute Campylobacter (resolution within 3 mo of onset) and chronic Campylobacter (>3 mo) infections, respectively. Seven received first-line treatment (azithromycin or chloramphenicol), 4 second-line (neomycin), and 3 third-line (combination of tigecycline, chloramphenicol, and ertapenem; 1 received gentamicin owing to resistance to carbapenems). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights immunological and clinical characteristics of recurrent Campylobacter infections in patients with CVID. Our treatment algorithm was successful and should be evaluated in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriel Roa-Bautista
- Department of Immunology, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain; Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Li-An K Brown
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Tadros
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gauri Godbole
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - David M Lowe
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.
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9
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Nunes A, Oleastro M, Alves F, Liassine N, Lowe DM, Benejat L, Ducounau A, Jehanne Q, Borges V, Gomes JP, Godbole G, Philippe L. Recurrent Campylobacter jejuni Infections with In Vivo Selection of Resistance to Macrolides and Carbapenems: Molecular Characterization of Resistance Determinants. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0107023. [PMID: 37358443 PMCID: PMC10434052 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01070-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We present two independent cases of recurrent multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni infection in immunocompromised hosts and the clinical challenges encountered due to the development of high-level carbapenem resistance. The mechanisms associated with this unusual resistance for Campylobacters were characterized. Initial macrolide and carbapenem-susceptible strains acquired resistance to erythromycin (MIC > 256mg/L), ertapenem (MIC > 32mg/L), and meropenem (MIC > 32mg/L) during treatment. Carbapenem-resistant isolates developed an in-frame insertion resulting in an extra Asp residue in the major outer membrane protein PorA, within the extracellular loop L3 that connects β-strands 5 and 6 and forms a constriction zone involved in Ca2+ binding. The isolates presenting the highest MIC to ertapenem exhibited an extra nonsynonymous mutation (G167A|Gly56Asp) at PorA's extracellular loop L1. IMPORTANCE Carbapenem susceptibility patterns suggest drug impermeability, related to either insertion and/or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within porA. Similar molecular events occurring in two independent cases support the association of these mechanisms with carbapenem resistance in Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nunes
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Alves
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Lucie Benejat
- French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital University Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Ducounau
- French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital University Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Quentin Jehanne
- French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital University Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vítor Borges
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Lehours Philippe
- French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital University Centre, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, Bordeaux, France
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10
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Bonilla-Moreno M, Torrecillas M, Laporte-Amargos J, González-Díaz A, Mussetti A, Tubau F, Gudiol C, Domínguez MA, Martí S, Rodríguez-Sevilla G, Ardanuy C. Development of Meropenem Resistance in a Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter coli Strain Causing Recurrent Bacteremia in a Hematological Malignancy Patient. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0027223. [PMID: 37358413 PMCID: PMC10648861 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00272-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter bacteremia is an uncommon disease that mainly occurs in immunocompromised patients and is associated with antibiotic resistance, particularly in Campylobacter coli. We report a patient with persistent blood infection because of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) C. coli strain over a 3-month period. Through this period monotherapy with meropenem was associated with the development of resistance to it. Improving immunity status and a combined therapy for intestinal decolonization were useful to control persistent C. coli infection in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bonilla-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Torrecillas
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Laporte-Amargos
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aída González-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Mussetti
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Haematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia-Hospitalet, Barcelona, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fe Tubau
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Gudiol
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Angeles Domínguez
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martí
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Graciela Rodríguez-Sevilla
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Tinévez C, Lehours P, Ranc AG, Belaroussi Y, Velardo F, Dubois D, Neuwirth C, Pailhoriès H, Dorel M, Hery-Arnaud G, Join-Lambert O, Gras E, Corvec S, Codde C, Fournier D, Boijout H, Doat V, Bouard L, Lagneaux AS, Pichon M, Couzigou C, Letellier C, Lemaignen A, Bille E, Bérard X, Caradu C, Webster C, Neau D, Cazanave C, Puges M. Multicenter Retrospective Study of Vascular Infections and Endocarditis Caused by Campylobacter spp., France. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:484-492. [PMID: 36823023 PMCID: PMC9973684 DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.221417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of campylobacteriosis has substantially increased over the past decade, notably in France. Secondary localizations complicating invasive infections are poorly described. We aimed to describe vascular infection or endocarditis caused by Campylobacter spp. We included 57 patients from a nationwide 5-year retrospective study on Campylobacter spp. bacteremia conducted in France; 44 patients had vascular infections, 12 had endocarditis, and 1 had both conditions. Campylobacter fetus was the most frequently involved species (83%). Antibiotic treatment involved a β-lactam monotherapy (54%) or was combined with a fluoroquinolone or an aminoglycoside (44%). The mortality rate was 25%. Relapse occurred in 8% of cases and was associated with delayed initiation of an efficient antimicrobial therapy after the first symptoms, diabetes, and coexistence of an osteoarticular location. Cardiovascular Campylobacter spp. infections are associated with a high mortality rate. Systematically searching for those localizations in cases of C. fetus bacteremia may be warranted.
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Tarroni A, Repetto M, Malfatto EN, Burgarello C, Caputo C, Ciabattoni M, Garneri D, Ferraro S, Tallone I, Tosetti F, Vigo EC, Anselmo M, Lillo F, Koroveshi B. [Campylobacter: a vintage pathogen to the fore]. G Ital Nefrol 2022; 39:2022-vol4. [PMID: 36073337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is caused by Gram bacteria. Most common species are C. jejuni and C. coli. Campylobacteriosis is a rare cause of sepsis, and in some European countries it is more common than salmonellosis, becoming a public health problem. We have treated a 66-year-old patient, hypertensive, ischemic cardiopathic, scheduled for coronary angiography, hospitalized with AKI, in a state of shock after some days of acute diarrhea. Because of the pathogen's seasonal nature and the patient's clinical features, in addition to common coproculture also Campylobacter has been sought, and found. Treated with volume repletion and antibiotics, within one week normal kidney functions were fully restored. He had a coronary angiography a week after being discharged from the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tarroni
- ASL 2 SSR Liguria, Struttura Complessa Nefrologia e Dialisi
| | - Monica Repetto
- ASL 2 SSR Liguria, Struttura Complessa Nefrologia e Dialisi
| | | | - Claudio Burgarello
- ASL 2 SSR Liguria, Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Sezione Microbiologia
| | - Carmela Caputo
- ASL 2 SSR Liguria, Struttura Complessa Nefrologia e Dialisi
| | | | - Debora Garneri
- ASL 2 SSR Liguria, Struttura Complessa Nefrologia e Dialisi
| | | | - Ilaria Tallone
- ASL 2 SSR Liguria, Struttura Complessa Nefrologia e Dialisi
| | - Fanny Tosetti
- ASL 2 SSR Liguria, Struttura Complessa Nefrologia e Dialisi
| | | | - Marco Anselmo
- ASL 2 SSR Liguria, Struttura Complessa Malattie Infettive
| | - Flavia Lillo
- ASL 2 SSR Liguria, Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Sezione Microbiologia
| | - Brisejda Koroveshi
- ASL 2 SSR Liguria, Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Sezione Microbiologia
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13
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Yaeger M, Mochel JP, Wu Z, Plummer P, Sahin O, Smith J, Ocal M, Beyi A, Xu C, Zhang Q, Griffith RW. Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in pregnant ewes (Ovis aries) challenged with Campylobacter jejuni. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256862. [PMID: 34449832 PMCID: PMC8396736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in the plasma and maternal and fetal tissues of pregnant ewes when administered within 24 hours of a single, IV Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) challenge. Twelve, pregnant ewes between 72-92 days of gestation were challenged IV with C. jejuni IA3902 and then treated with 1.1 ml/45.36 kg of tulathromycin subcutaneously 18 hours post-challenge. Ewes were bled at predetermined time points and euthanized either at a predetermined time point or following the observation of vaginal bleeding or abortion. Following euthanasia, tissues were collected for bacterial culture, pharmacokinetics and histologic examination. The maximum (geometric) mean tulathromycin plasma concentration was estimated at 0.302 μg/mL, with a peak level observed at around 1.2 hours. The apparent systemic clearance of tulathromycin was estimated at 16.6 L/h (or 0.28 L/kg/h) with an elimination half-life estimated at approximately 22 hours. The mean tissue concentrations were highest in the uterus (2.464 μg/g) and placentome (0.484 μg/g), and were lowest in fetal liver (0.11 μg/g) and fetal lung (0.03 μg/g). Compared to previous reports, results of this study demonstrate that prior IV administration of C. jejuni appeared to substantially alter the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin, reducing both the peak plasma concentrations and elimination half-life. However, additional controlled trials are required to confirm those observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yaeger
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JPM); (MY)
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JPM); (MY)
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Paul Plummer
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Joseph Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Melda Ocal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Ashenafi Beyi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Changyun Xu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Ronald W. Griffith
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
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14
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Jin X, He Y, Zhou Y, Chen X, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Lactic acid bacteria that activate immune gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans can antagonise Campylobacter jejuni infection in nematodes, chickens and mice. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 34090326 PMCID: PMC8180125 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the major micro-bacillary pathogen responsible for human coloenteritis. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to protect against Campylobacter infection. However, LAB with a good ability to inhibit the growth of C. jejuni in vitro are less effective in animals and animal models, and have the disadvantages of high cost, a long cycle, cumbersome operation and insignificant immune response indicators. Caenorhabditis elegans is increasingly used to screen probiotics for their anti-pathogenic properties. However, no research on the use of C. elegans to screen for probiotic candidates antagonistic to C. jejuni has been conducted to date. RESULTS This study established a lifespan model of C. elegans, enabling the preselection of LAB to counter C. jejuni infection. A potential protective mechanism of LAB was identified. Some distinct LAB species offered a high level of protection to C. elegans against C. jejuni. The LAB strains with a high protection rate reduced the load of C. jejuni in C. elegans. The transcription of antibacterial peptide genes, MAPK and Daf-16 signalling pathway-related genes was elevated using the LAB isolates with a high protection rate. The reliability of the lifespan model of C. elegans was verified using mice and chickens infected with C. jejuni. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that different LAB had different abilities to protect C. elegans against C. jejuni. C. elegans provides a reliable model for researchers to screen for LAB that are antagonistic to C. jejuni on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China.
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15
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Greninger AL, Addetia A, Starr K, Cybulski RJ, Stewart MK, Salipante SJ, Bryan AB, Cookson B, Gaudreau C, Bekal S, Fang FC. International Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter coli in Men Who Have Sex With Men in Washington State and Québec, 2015-2018. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:1896-1904. [PMID: 31665255 PMCID: PMC7643735 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter species are among the most common causes of enteric bacterial infections worldwide. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for sexually transmitted enteric infections, including globally distributed strains of multidrug-resistant Shigella species. Methods This was a retrospective study of MSM-associated Campylobacter in Seattle, Washington and Montréal, Québec with phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results We report the isolation of 2 clonal lineages of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli from MSM in Seattle and Montréal. WGS revealed nearly identical strains obtained from the 2 regions over a 4-year period. Comparison with the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Pathogen Detection database revealed extensive Campylobacter species clusters carrying multiple drug resistance genes that segregated with these isolates. Examination of the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance revealed multiple macrolide resistance determinants including a novel ribosomal RNA methyltransferase situated in a CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) array locus in a C. coli isolate. Conclusions As previously reported for Shigella, specific multidrug-resistant strains of Campylobacter are circulating by sexual transmission in MSM populations across diverse geographic locations, suggesting a need to incorporate sexual behavior in the investigation of clusters of foodborne pathogens revealed by WGS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Greninger
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Correspondence: A. L. Greninger, University of Washington, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 320, Seattle, WA 98102 ()
| | - Amin Addetia
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly Starr
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert J Cybulski
- Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mary K Stewart
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen J Salipante
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew B Bryan
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brad Cookson
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christiane Gaudreau
- Microbiologie médicale et infectiologie, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sadjia Bekal
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Ferric C Fang
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Nishikubo M, Nasu S, Maruoka H, Kawabata T, Ikeda M, Nishioka H. Sequential breast implant infections due to Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:1080-1083. [PMID: 33563526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the leading causes of bacterial intestinal infections worldwide, while Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (C. fetus) has been reported to cause extraintestinal infections, including medical device implant infections. However, breast implant infections have rarely been reported. We describe the case of a 64-year-old woman with breast implant infection and vertebral osteomyelitis due to C. fetus. The patient recovered by surgical removal of the infected left implant and was treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks. However, two weeks after the completion of antibiotics, she experienced an infection in the right implant due to C. fetus, which had developed quinolone resistance with a G91T mutation during the treatment course. This case showed that C. fetus can cause breast implant infections, and although the infection may appear to be unilateral initially, the possibility of sequential contralateral infection should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nishikubo
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Seiko Nasu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hayato Maruoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawabata
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mika Ikeda
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nishioka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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Hlashwayo DF, Sigaúque B, Noormahomed EV, Afonso SMS, Mandomando IM, Bila CG. A systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that Campylobacter spp. and antibiotic resistance are widespread in humans in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245951. [PMID: 33503068 PMCID: PMC7840040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Campylobacter spp. are zoonotic bacteria that cause gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, whose main symptom is diarrhea. In certain cases, extra intestinal manifestations may occur, such as Guillain Barré syndrome. The bacteria cause severe diarrhea mostly in children and in immunocompromised individuals. This review aims to address the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in humans in sub-Saharan Africa. It also aims to understand the impact of HIV in the prevalence, as well as to report data on antibiotic resistance and propose research priorities. METHODS We followed PRISMA guidelines to find studies on the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in humans in all countries from sub-Saharan Africa. Studies published between 2000 and 2020 were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, Google Scholar and Science Direct. We have conducted a random-effect meta-analysis and calculated the proportion of resistant isolates to different antibiotics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We found 77 studies that described such occurrence in humans in 20 out of 53 sub-Saharan African countries. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species. Pooled prevalence was 9.9% (CI: 8.4%-11.6%). No major variations within the different sub-regions were found. Most studies reported Campylobacter spp. as the cause of diarrhea, mainly in children. Some studies reported the bacteria as a possible etiologic agent of acute flaccid paralysis and urinary tract infection. Campylobacter spp. presented a higher pooled prevalence in HIV infected patients, although not statistically significant. High proportions of resistant strains were reported for many antibiotics, including erythromycin and tetracycline. CONCLUSION Campylobacter spp. occur in sub-Saharan Africa, although information is scarce or inexistent for many countries. Research priorities should include investigation of the understudied species; extra intestinal manifestations; the impact of HIV infection and associated risk factors. Control strategies should be reinforced to contain the spread of this pathogen and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina F. Hlashwayo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Betuel Sigaúque
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Emília V. Noormahomed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sónia M. S. Afonso
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Inácio M. Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
| | - Custódio G. Bila
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
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18
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Cui H, Yang H, Abdel-Samie MA, Siva S, Lin L. Controlled-release casein/cinnamon essential oil nanospheres for the inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni in duck. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 341:109074. [PMID: 33508583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is one of the most common foodborne pathogens that cause human sickness mostly through the poultry food chain. Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) has excellent antibacterial ability against C. jejuni growth. This study investigated the antibacterial mechanism of CEO against C. jejuni primarily through metabolism, energy metabolism of essential enzymes (AKPase, β-galactosidase, and ATPase), and respiration metabolism. Results showed that the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) was inhibited, and that the enzyme activity of G6DPH substantially decreased upon treatment with CEO. Analysis of the effect of CEO on the expression of toxic genes was performed by the real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The expression levels of the toxic genes cadF, ciaB, fliA, and racR under CEO treatment were determined. Casein/CEO nanospheres were further prepared for the effective inhibition of C. jejuni and characterized by particle-size distribution, zeta-potential distribution, fluorescence, TEM, and GC-MS methods. Finally, the efficiency of CEO and casein/CEO nanospheres in terms of antibacterial activity against C. jejuni was verified. The casein/CEO nanospheres displayed high antibacterial activity on duck samples. The population of the test group decreased from 4.30 logCFU/g to 0.86 logCFU/g and 4.30 logCFU/g to 2.46 logCFU/g at 4 °C and at 25 °C for C. jejuni, respectively. Sensory evaluation and texture analysis were also conducted on various duck samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Samie
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Subramanian Siva
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Zenebe T, Zegeye N, Eguale T. Prevalence of Campylobacter species in human, animal and food of animal origin and their antimicrobial susceptibility in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2020; 19:61. [PMID: 33302968 PMCID: PMC7731538 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 03/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli accounts for most cases of human gastrointestinal infections. The infection occurs through ingestion of contaminated food or water, and direct contact with feces of infected animal or human. Regardless of few local reports of Campylobacter and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile, there is no comprehensive data that show the burden of Campylobacter infection at national level in Ethiopia. This systemic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of Campylobacter and its resistance patterns in Ethiopia from different sources. METHOD A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Google scholar, Science direct and Google engine search was conducted for studies published from 2000 to July 30, 2020 on prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter in human, animal and food. The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Checklist. Data from articles was extracted using a standardized data extraction format. The quality of the studies was assessed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The Q test and I2 test statistic were used to test heterogeneity across studies. The Pooled estimate of prevalence of Campylobacter species and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile was computed by a random effects model using STATA 16.0 software. Results were presented in forest plot, tables, funnel plot and figures with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS A total of 291 articles were retrieved initially. The pooled prevalence of Campylobacter species from different sources was 10.2% (95% CI 3.79, 16.51). In this meta-analysis, the lowest prevalence was 6.0% whereas the highest prevalence was 72.7%. In the sub-group analysis, the pooled prevalence was similar in Amhara and Oromia region, higher in Gambella and lower in Sidama. Prevalence of Campylobacter was higher in animals (14.6%) compared to humans (9%). The pooled antimicrobial resistance rates of Campylobacter species to different antimicrobials ranged from 2.9-100%. Overall, higher rate of resistance was to cephalothin (67.2%), gentamicin (67.2%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (33.3%) in Campylobacter isolates from all sources. In isolates from human, resistance to cephalothin was 83% followed by amoxicillin (80%), amoxicillin-clavulnate (36%), trimethoprim-sulfamethpxazole (32%), clindamycin (31%) and ceftriaxone (28%). On the other hand, higher rate of resistance to penicillin (100%), cephalothin (60%), ciprofloxacin (71.2%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (39%) was recorded in isolates from animals. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the burden of Campylobacter species in the country and higher rate of resistance among investigated isolates. Designing appropriate prevention strategies and further local in-depth studies are recommended to establish actual epidemiological burden of the bacteria in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tizazu Zenebe
- Department of Medicine, Medical Microbiology Unit, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Niguse Zegeye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Eguale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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20
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Pye J, Galuppo L, Whitcomb MB, Clothier K, Byrne B. Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus from an abdominal abscess in an adult mare. Can Vet J 2020; 61:1307-1311. [PMID: 33299249 PMCID: PMC7659885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 12-year-old Warmblood mare was referred for evaluation of behavioral changes not explained by general physical examination or lameness evaluation. Transrectal ultrasound examination was performed to determine if the behavioral changes were related to ovarian abnormalities, and a large abscess was found near the base of the cecum. Laparoscopic-guided aspiration and lavage of the abscess cavity followed by injection of benzyl penicillin G was carried out. Culture of the lavage sample yielded Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus, an organism not previously reported as an etiological agent in abdominal abscesses in horses. The mare was treated after surgery with an extended course of antibiotics (minocycline per os q12h for 10 days followed by enrofloxacin per os q24h for 42 days). The mare resumed work in competitive eventing 10 months after surgery, and the behavioral complaints had resolved according to the owner. Key clinical message: We describe the diagnosis and treatment of a mare with an abdominal abscess from which Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus was cultured. This organism has not previously been reported as an etiological agent in abdominal abscesses in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannah Pye
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Pye), Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (Galuppo, Whitcomb), Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology (Clothier, Byrne), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Larry Galuppo
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Pye), Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (Galuppo, Whitcomb), Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology (Clothier, Byrne), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Mary Beth Whitcomb
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Pye), Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (Galuppo, Whitcomb), Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology (Clothier, Byrne), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Kirsten Clothier
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Pye), Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (Galuppo, Whitcomb), Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology (Clothier, Byrne), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Barbara Byrne
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Pye), Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (Galuppo, Whitcomb), Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology (Clothier, Byrne), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Kreling V, Falcone FH, Kehrenberg C, Hensel A. Campylobacter sp.: Pathogenicity factors and prevention methods-new molecular targets for innovative antivirulence drugs? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10409-10436. [PMID: 33185702 PMCID: PMC7662028 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacterial species from the genus Campylobacter are one of the four main causes of strong diarrheal enteritis worldwide. Campylobacteriosis, a typical food-borne disease, can range from mild symptoms to fatal illness. About 550 million people worldwide suffer from campylobacteriosis and lethality is about 33 million p.a. This review summarizes the state of the current knowledge on Campylobacter with focus on its specific virulence factors. Using this knowledge, multifactorial prevention strategies can be implemented to reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in the food chain. In particular, antiadhesive strategies with specific adhesion inhibitors seem to be a promising concept for reducing Campylobacter bacterial load in poultry production. Antivirulence compounds against bacterial adhesion to and/or invasion into the host cells can open new fields for innovative antibacterial agents. Influencing chemotaxis, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, secretion systems, or toxins by specific inhibitors can help to reduce virulence of the bacterium. In addition, the unusual glycosylation of the bacterium, being a prerequisite for effective phase variation and adaption to different hosts, is yet an unexplored target for combating Campylobacter sp. Plant extracts are widely used remedies in developing countries to combat infections with Campylobacter. Therefore, the present review summarizes the use of natural products against the bacterium in an attempt to stimulate innovative research concepts on the manifold still open questions behind Campylobacter towards improved treatment and sanitation of animal vectors, treatment of infected patients, and new strategies for prevention. KEY POINTS: • Campylobacter sp. is a main cause of strong enteritis worldwide. • Main virulence factors: cytolethal distending toxin, adhesion proteins, invasion machinery. • Strong need for development of antivirulence compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kreling
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute of Veterinary Food Science, University of Gießen, Frankfurterstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Forson AO, Adjei DN, Olu-Taiwo M, Quarchie MN, Asmah HR. Characterization of Campylobacter associated gastric enteritis among patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in a hospital in Accra, Ghana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240242. [PMID: 33057408 PMCID: PMC7561167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter infections in HIV positive patients often present with substantial mortality and morbidity when compared to HIV negative patients. AIM This study assessed the prevalence of Campylobacter, antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genetic factors, and risk of Campylobacter infection associated with living in close proximity to domestic animals in HIV patients with gastric enteritis at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana. METHODS Resistance to different antibiotics was assessed with Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In addition, all the Campylobacter isolates were tested for ampicillin (blaOXA-61), erythromycin (aph-3-1), tetracycline tet(O), streptomycin (aadE), and the energy-dependent multi-drug efflux pump (cmeB) resistance genes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Out of a total of 140 (97 females and 43 males) tested patients, 71 (50.7%) patients were positive for Campylobacter coli. Female patients aged within 31-40 years (31.6%) and 41-50 years (31.6%) had high frequency of Campylobacter infection. Most of the infected patients lived in close proximity to chickens (53.5%), however, some patients (14.1%) lived in close proximity to goats. Phenotypic resistance evaluation revealed widespread resistance to ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (100%), ciprofloxacin (71.8%), erythromycin (69%), and gentamicin (49.3%). However, limited no of isolates contained blaOXA-61 (1.41%), cmeB (7.0%) and tet(O (7.0%) resistance genes. CONCLUSION HIV patients with gastric enteritis were infected with resistant Campylobacter coli. Further studies are required to examine correlation of infected patients with C. coli and risk of living in close proximity to poultry birds. There is the need for routine investigation of Campylobacter in patients with gastroenteritis in order to assist in the development of strategies for combating diseases involving resistant zoonotic bacteria strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akua Obeng Forson
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - David Nana Adjei
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Michael Olu-Taiwo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Marjorie Ntiwaa Quarchie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Wallace RL, Bulach DM, Jennison AV, Valcanis M, McLure A, Smith JJ, Graham T, Saputra T, Firestone S, Symes S, Waters N, Stylianopoulos A, Kirk MD, Glass K. Molecular characterization of Campylobacter spp. recovered from beef, chicken, lamb and pork products at retail in Australia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236889. [PMID: 32730330 PMCID: PMC7392323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Australian rates of campylobacteriosis are among the highest in developed countries, yet only limited work has been done to characterize Campylobacter spp. in Australian retail products. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) on 331 C. coli and 285 C. jejuni from retail chicken meat, as well as beef, chicken, lamb and pork offal (organs). Campylobacter isolates were highly diverse, with 113 sequence types (STs) including 38 novel STs, identified from 616 isolates. Genomic analysis suggests very low levels (2.3-15.3%) of resistance to aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics. A majority (>90%) of isolates (52/56) possessing the fluoroquinolone resistance-associated T86I mutation in the gyrA gene belonged to ST860, ST2083 or ST7323. The 44 pork offal isolates were highly diverse, representing 33 STs (11 novel STs) and harboured genes associated with resistance to aminoglycosides, lincosamides and macrolides not generally found in isolates from other sources. Prevalence of multidrug resistant genotypes was very low (<5%), but ten-fold higher in C. coli than C. jejuni. This study highlights that Campylobacter spp. from retail products in Australia are highly genotypically diverse and important differences in antimicrobial resistance exist between Campylobacter species and animal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon L. Wallace
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Dieter M. Bulach
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy V. Jennison
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mary Valcanis
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angus McLure
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - James J. Smith
- Food Safety Standards and Regulation, Health Protection Branch, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trudy Graham
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Themy Saputra
- New South Wales Food Authority, NSW Government, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Firestone
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Symes
- Department of Health and Human Services, Victoria State Government, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natasha Waters
- ACT Government Analytical Laboratory, Australian Capital Territory Health Directorate, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Anastasia Stylianopoulos
- Department of Health and Human Services, Victoria State Government, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martyn D. Kirk
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kathryn Glass
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Meinersmann RJ, Berrang ME, Bradshaw JK, Molina M, Cosby DE, Genzlinger LL, Snyder BJ. Recovery of thermophilic Campylobacter by three sampling methods from river sites in Northeast Georgia, USA, and their antimicrobial resistance genes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:102-107. [PMID: 31560126 PMCID: PMC9109067 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen sites in the watershed of the South Fork of the Broad River (SFBR) in Northeastern Georgia, USA, were sampled in two seasons to detect Campylobacter. Sites were classified as mostly influenced by forest, pasture, wastewater pollution control plants (WPC) or mixed use. Sampling was repeated in the late spring and late fall for 2 years for a total of 126 samples. Free-catch water and sediment grab samples were taken at each site; Moore's swabs were placed for up to 3 days at most sites. A total of 56 isolates of thermophilic Campylobacter were recovered. Thirteen samplings were positive by two or three methods, and 26 samplings were positive by only one method; once by Moore's swab only and 25 times by free-catch water only. Campylobacter was detected at 58% of cattle pasture sites, 30% of forested sites and 81% of WPC sites. Twenty-one of the isolates carried antimicrobial resistance genes, mostly blaOXA-61. Free-catch water samples were more efficient than Moore's swabs or sediment samples for recovery of Campylobacter, which was more likely to be detected in streams near cattle pastures and human communities than in forested land. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The role of environmental water in transmitting Campylobacter was investigated, and methods for recovery of the organism were compared. The sequence types of recovered Campylobacter correlated with adjacent land use without regard to the method used to isolate the organisms. Sequence types and antimicrobial resistance genes associated with cattle were most prevalent near pastures. Even though types were recurrent at a given site, types appeared to be lost or replaced as the water flowed downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M E Berrang
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J K Bradshaw
- Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - M Molina
- Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D E Cosby
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - B J Snyder
- Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
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Dan M, Parizade M. Chronic high-level multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli enterocolitis in an agammaglobulinemia patient: Oral gentamicin efficacy. Med Mal Infect 2020; 50:525-527. [PMID: 32353415 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in agammaglobulinemia patients. These infections can be severe, prolonged, and recurrent in such patients. PATIENT AND METHODS We report a 29-year-old male patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia with Campylobacter coli enterocolitis that persisted for nine months despite multiple 10- to 14-day courses of oral ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. RESULTS The isolate was highly resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and fosfomycin. The patient failed to respond to intravenous ertapenem, 1.0g/day for two weeks, to which the pathogen was susceptible. He was finally cured with oral gentamicin, 80mg four times daily, and stool cultures remained negative during the seven-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Oral aminoglycoside might be the most appropriate choice for eradication of persistent Campylobacter in the intestinal tract for macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolate in agammaglobulinemia patients with chronic diarrhea or relapsing systemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dan
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Maccabi Health Services, Bat Yam, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - M Parizade
- Maccabi Health Services, Bacteriology Unit, National Laboratory, Rehovot, Israel
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Neogi SB, Islam MM, Islam SKS, Akhter AHMT, Sikder MMH, Yamasaki S, Kabir SML. Risk of multi-drug resistant Campylobacter spp. and residual antimicrobials at poultry farms and live bird markets in Bangladesh. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:278. [PMID: 32293315 PMCID: PMC7158023 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding potential risks of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens from the booming poultry sector is a crucial public health concern. Campylobacter spp. are among the most important zoonotic pathogens associated with MDR infections in poultry and human. This study systematically examined potential risks and associated socio-environmental factors of MDR Campylobacter spp. in poultry farms and live bird markets (LBMs) of Bangladesh. METHODS Microbial culture and PCR-based methods were applied to examine the occurrence and MDR patterns of Campylobacter spp. in potential sources (n = 224) at 7 hatcheries, 9 broiler farms and 4 LBMs in three sub-districts. Antimicrobial residues in broiler meat and liver samples (n = 50) were detected by advanced chromatographic techniques. A questionnaire based cross-sectional survey was conducted on socio-environmental factors. RESULTS Overall, 32% (71/ 224) samples were found contaminated with Campylobacter spp. In poultry farms, Campylobacter spp. was primarily found in cloacal swab (21/49, 43%), followed by drinking water (8/24, 33%), and meat (8/28, 29%) samples of broilers. Remarkably, at LBMs, Campylobacter spp. was detected in higher prevalence (p < 0.05) in broiler meat (14/26, 54%), which could be related (p < 0.01) to bacterial contamination of drinking water (11/21, 52%) and floor (9/21, 43%). Campylobacter isolates, one from each of 71 positive samples, were differentiated into Campylobacter jejuni (66%) and Campylobacter coli (34%). Alarmingly, 49 and 42% strains of C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, were observed as MDR, i.e., resistant to three or more antimicrobials, including, tetracycline, amoxicillin, streptomycin, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. Residual antimicrobials (oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) were detected in majority of broiler liver (79%) and meat (62%) samples, among which 33 and 19%, respectively, had concentration above acceptable limit. Inadequate personal and environmental hygiene, unscrupulously use of antimicrobials, improper waste disposal, and lack of health surveillance were distinguishable risk factors, with local diversity and compound influences on MDR pathogens. CONCLUSION Potential contamination sources and anthropogenic factors associated with the alarming occurrence of MDR Campylobacter, noted in this study, would aid in developing interventions to minimize the increasing risks of poultry-associated MDR pathogens under 'One Health' banner that includes poultry, human and environment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharit Basu Neogi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Md Mehedul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - S K Shaheenur Islam
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Livestock Services, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - A H M Taslima Akhter
- FAO-Food Safety Program (FSP), Institute of Public Health, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S M Lutful Kabir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Mousavi S, Escher U, Thunhorst E, Kittler S, Kehrenberg C, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Vitamin C alleviates acute enterocolitis in Campylobacter jejuni infected mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2921. [PMID: 32076081 PMCID: PMC7031283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human foodborne infections with the zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni are on the rise and constitute a significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. The health-beneficial, particularly anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin C (ascorbate) are well known. In our preclinical intervention study, we assessed potential anti-pathogenic and immunomodulatory effects of ascorbate in C. jejuni-infected secondary abiotic IL-10-/- mice developing acute campylobacteriosis similar to humans. Starting 4 days prior peroral C. jejuni-infection, mice received synthetic ascorbate via the drinking water until the end of the experiment. At day 6 post-infection, ascorbate-treated mice harbored slightly lower colonic pathogen loads and suffered from less severe C. jejuni-induced enterocolitis as compared to placebo control animals. Ascorbate treatment did not only alleviate macroscopic sequelae of infection, but also dampened apoptotic and inflammatory immune cell responses in the intestines that were accompanied by less pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Remarkably, the anti-inflammatory effects of ascorbate pretreatment in C. jejuni-infected mice were not restricted to the intestinal tract but could also be observed in extra-intestinal compartments including liver, kidneys and lungs. In conclusion, due to the potent anti-inflammatory effects observed in the clinical murine C. jejuni-infection model, ascorbate constitutes a promising novel option for prophylaxis and treatment of acute campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mousavi
- Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Escher
- Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Thunhorst
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Elhadidy M, Ali MM, El-Shibiny A, Miller WG, Elkhatib WF, Botteldoorn N, Dierick K. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular resistance markers of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from human diarrheal cases. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227833. [PMID: 31951631 PMCID: PMC6968864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni recovered from diarrheal patients in Belgium, focusing on the genetic diversity of resistant strains and underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance among Campylobacter jejuni resistant strains isolated from diarrheal patients in Belgium. Susceptibility profile of 199 clinical C. jejuni isolates was determined by minimum inhibitory concentrations against six commonly-used antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, and erythromycin). High rates of resistance were observed against nalidixic acid (56.3%), ciprofloxacin (55.8%) and tetracycline (49.7%); these rates were similar to those obtained from different national reports in broilers intended for human consumption. Alternatively, lower resistance rates to streptomycin (4.5%) and erythromycin (2%), and absolute sensitivity to gentamicin were observed. C. jejuni isolates resistant to tetracycline or quinolones (ciprofloxacin and/or nalidixic acid) were screened for the presence of the tetO gene and the C257T mutation in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of the gyrase gene gyrA, respectively. Interestingly, some of the isolates that displayed phenotypic resistance to these antimicrobials lacked the corresponding genetic determinants. Among erythromycin-resistant isolates, a diverse array of potential molecular resistance mechanisms was investigated, including the presence of ermB and mutations in the 23S rRNA gene, the rplD and rplV ribosomal genes, and the regulatory region of the cmeABC operon. Two of the four erythromycin-resistant isolates harboured the A2075G transition mutation in the 23S rRNA gene; one of these isolates exhibited further mutations in rplD, rplV and in the cmeABC regulatory region. This study expands the current understanding of how different genetic determinants and particular clones shape the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni in Belgium. It also reveals many questions in need of further investigation, such as the role of other undetermined molecular mechanisms that may potentially contribute to the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elhadidy
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Medhat Ali
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt
| | - William G. Miller
- Prodce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States of America
| | - Walid F. Elkhatib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Entertainment Area, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St. Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Katelijne Dierick
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Sciensano, Scientific Service: Foodborne Pathogens, Brussels, Belgium
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Whelan MVX, Ardill L, Koide K, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y, Simpson JC, Ó Cróinín T. Acquisition of fluoroquinolone resistance leads to increased biofilm formation and pathogenicity in Campylobacter jejuni. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18216. [PMID: 31796849 PMCID: PMC6890674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has listed C. jejuni as one of 12 microorganisms on a global priority list for antibiotic resistance due to a rapid increase in strains resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. This fluoroquinolone resistance is conferred through a single point mutation in the QRDR region within the gyrA gene known to be involved in DNA supercoiling. We have previously revealed that changes in DNA supercoilikng play a major role in the regulation of virulence in C. jejuni with relaxation of DNA supercoiling associated with increased attachment to and invasion of human epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fluoroquinolone resistant strains of C. jejuni displayed altered supercoiling associated phenotypes. A panel of fluoroquinolone resistant mutants were derived and shown to have a greater ability to form viable biofilms under aerobic conditions, invade epithelial cells and promote virulence in the Galleria mellonella model of infection. We thus report for the first time that fluoroquinolone resistance in C. jejuni is associated with an increase in virulence and the ability to form viable biofilms in oxygen rich environments. These altered phenotypes likely play a critical role in the continued increase in fluoroquinolone resistance observed for this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V X Whelan
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Laura Ardill
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tadhg Ó Cróinín
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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White AE, Ciampa N, Chen Y, Kirk M, Nesbitt A, Bruce BB, Walter ES. Characteristics of Campylobacter and Salmonella Infections and Acute Gastroenteritis in Older Adults in Australia, Canada, and the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 69:1545-1552. [PMID: 30602004 PMCID: PMC6606397 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early detection of enteric infections in older adults is challenging because typical signs and symptoms of disease may be less common, absent, or overlooked. Understanding illness characteristics of enteric infections among older adults could improve the timeliness and accuracy of clinical diagnoses, thereby improving patient outcomes and increasing cases reported to surveillance. METHODS Here, we describe illness characteristics (percentage reporting bloody diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal pain; percentage hospitalized; duration of hospitalization; and duration of illness) among older adults (≥65 years) with acute gastroenteritis and culture-confirmed Campylobacter and nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in Australia, Canada, and the United States and compare these characteristics with those among younger people (<5 years, 5-24 years, and 25-64 years). RESULTS A significant negative correlation was found between all symptoms and increasing age group, except for bloody diarrhea in cases of acute gastroenteritis. Adults aged ≥85 years reported bloody diarrhea in only 9% of nontyphoidal Salmonella and 4% of Campylobacter infections compared with 59% and 55% among children aged <5 years. Conversely, a greater percentage of older adults (≥65) than younger persons (<5, 5-24, 25-64) reported being hospitalized, with an increasing linear relationship in age groups 65 years and older. CONCLUSIONS Although older adults are more likely to have severe illness and be hospitalized, we found that the proportion of persons reporting symptoms typically associated with enteric infections decreases with age. These findings have implications for clinical recognition and treatment of gastrointestinal illness, as well as for public health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. White
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nadia Ciampa
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Centre for Foodborne, Environmental, and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yingxi Chen
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Martyn Kirk
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrea Nesbitt
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Centre for Foodborne, Environmental, and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beau B. Bruce
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Elaine Scallan Walter
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
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Doan T, Hinterwirth A, Worden L, Arzika AM, Maliki R, Abdou A, Kane S, Zhong L, Cummings ME, Sakar S, Chen C, Cook C, Lebas E, Chow ED, Nachamkin I, Porco TC, Keenan JD, Lietman TM. Gut microbiome alteration in MORDOR I: a community-randomized trial of mass azithromycin distribution. Nat Med 2019; 25:1370-1376. [PMID: 31406349 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The MORDOR I trial1, conducted in Niger, Malawi and Tanzania, demonstrated that mass azithromycin distribution to preschool children reduced childhood mortality1. However, the large but simple trial design precluded determination of the mechanisms involved. Here we examined the gut microbiome of preschool children from 30 Nigerien communities randomized to either biannual azithromycin or placebo. Gut microbiome γ-diversity was not significantly altered (P = 0.08), but the relative abundances of two Campylobacter species, along with another 33 gut bacteria, were significantly reduced in children treated with azithromycin at the 24-month follow-up. Metagenomic analysis revealed functional differences in gut bacteria between treatment groups. Resistome analysis showed an increase in macrolide resistance gene expression in gut microbiota in communities treated with azithromycin (P = 0.004). These results suggest that prolonged mass azithromycin distribution to reduce childhood mortality reduces certain gut bacteria, including known pathogens, while selecting for antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Doan
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - A Hinterwirth
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L Worden
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - R Maliki
- The Carter Center, Niamey, Niger
| | - A Abdou
- Ministry of Public Health, Niamey, Niger
- Programme National de Soins Oculaires, Niamey, Niger
| | - S Kane
- The Carter Center, Niamey, Niger
| | - L Zhong
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M E Cummings
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Sakar
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Chen
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Cook
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Lebas
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E D Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - I Nachamkin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T C Porco
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J D Keenan
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T M Lietman
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Abstract
We herein report a case of Campylobacter fetus meningoencephalitis in a patient with chronic alcoholism. C. fetus is a rare cause of meningitis. The patient presented with hallucinations and monology, and alcohol withdrawal was initially suspected. After he was unsuccessfully treated for alcohol withdrawal delirium, we diagnosed C. fetus meningoencephalitis. Ampicillin monotherapy gradually improved his clinical status. A previous report stated that C. fetus infection is associated with chronic alcoholism. In patients with chronic alcoholism and disturbed consciousness, an atypical bacterial central nervous system infection, such as C. fetus meningoencephalitis, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Tanabe
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Tsuboi
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Nozomi Takeshita
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Kayoko Hayakawa
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
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Meistere I, Ķibilds J, Eglīte L, Alksne L, Avsejenko J, Cibrovska A, Makarova S, Streikiša M, Grantiņa-Ieviņa L, Bērziņš A. Campylobacter species prevalence, characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and analysis of whole-genome sequence of isolates from livestock and humans, Latvia, 2008 to 2016. Euro Surveill 2019; 24:1800357. [PMID: 31387670 PMCID: PMC6685098 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.31.1800357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCampylobacter is the main cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The main transmission route is through consumption of food contaminated with Campylobacter species or contact with infected animals. In Latvia, the prevalence of campylobacteriosis is reported to be low (4.6 cases per 100,000 population in 2016).AimTo determine prevalence, species spectrum and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Campylobacter spp. in Latvia, using data from various livestock and human clinical samples.MethodsWe analysed data of Campylobacter microbiological monitoring and AMR (2008 and 2014-16) in Latvia. Data from broilers, poultry, pigs, calves and humans were used to determine prevalence of Campylobacter. Additionally, 45 different origin isolates (22 human) were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform; for each isolate core genome multilocus sequence typing was used and relevant antimicrobial resistance mechanisms were identified.ResultsOverall, Campylobacter prevalence in was 83.3% in pigs, 50.2% in broilers, 16.1% in calves and 5.3% in humans; C. jejuni was the predominant species in all sources except pigs where C. coli was main species. High level of resistance in Campylobacter were observed against fluoroquinolones, tetracycline and streptomycin, in most of sequenced isolates genetic determinants of relevant AMR profiles were identified.ConclusionsIn Latvia, prevalence of Campylobacter in livestock is high, especially in pigs and broilers; prevalence in poultry and humans were lower than in other European countries. AMR analysis reveals increase of streptomycin and tetracycline resistant broiler origin C. jejuni strains. WGS demonstrates a high compliance between resistance phenotype and genotype for quinolones and tetracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irēna Meistere
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lāsma Eglīte
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Alksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jeļena Avsejenko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alla Cibrovska
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Svetlana Makarova
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Madara Streikiša
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Aivars Bērziņš
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
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Skripkina E, Canivet A, Wautier M, Martiny D, Hallin M, Meex C, Layios N. [Campylobacter jejuni meningitis]. Rev Med Liege 2019; 74:420-423. [PMID: 31373458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cases of Campylobacter jejuni meningitis are extremely rare. In the literature, less than ten cases have been described so far, although Campylobacter spp is one of the most common pathogens causing gastroenteritis in the world. Some common stigmata can be found across these cases such as rupture of the blood-brain barrier, immunosuppression, as well as the tropism of Camplylobacter jejuni for neurological parenchyma. Campylobacter jejuni bacteremia is certainly underestimated because Campylobacter is a thermophilic bacterium and special conditions are required to isolate this organism in blood cultures. PCR is thus an interesting alternative technique for diagnosis. In our case, a patient with a history of resected astrocytoma, had undergone treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy because of anaplastic transformation. The patient was admitted with gastroenteritis and Campylobacter jejuni meningitis. The diagnosis was obtained initially on stool cultures and then by PCR of cerebrospinal fluid. The evolution was favorable with meropenem.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Skripkina
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Liège, Belgique
| | - A Canivet
- Service de Cardiologie et des Soins Intensifs, CHC Liège, Belgique
| | - M Wautier
- Département de Microbiologie, LHUB-ULB, National Reference Center for Campylobacter, CHU Saint-Pierre, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - D Martiny
- Département de Microbiologie, LHUB-ULB, National Reference Center for Campylobacter, CHU Saint-Pierre, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - M Hallin
- Département de Microbiologie, LHUB-ULB, National Reference Center for Campylobacter, CHU Saint-Pierre, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - C Meex
- ) Service de Microbiologie Clinique, CHU Liège, Belgique
| | - N Layios
- Service de Soins Intensifs généraux, CHU Liège, Belgique
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Agnetti J, Seth-Smith HMB, Ursich S, Reist J, Basler M, Nickel C, Bassetti S, Ritz N, Tschudin-Sutter S, Egli A. Clinical impact of the type VI secretion system on virulence of Campylobacter species during infection. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:237. [PMID: 30845966 PMCID: PMC6407262 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical course of Campylobacter infection varies in symptoms and severity depending on host factors, virulence of the pathogen and initiated therapy. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has been identified as a novel virulence factor, which mediates contact-dependent injection of enzymes and toxins into competing bacteria or host cells and facilitates the colonisation of a host organism. We aimed to compare the clinical course of Campylobacter infection caused by strains with and without the T6SS and identify possible associations between this putative virulence factor and the clinical manifestations of disease. METHODS From April 2015 to January 2017, patients with detection of Campylobacter spp. were identified at the University Hospital of Basel and the University Children's Hospital of Basel and included in this case-control study. Presence of the T6SS gene cluster was assayed by PCR targeting the hcp gene, confirmed with whole genome sequencing. Pertinent clinical data was collected by medical record review. Differences in disease- and host-characteristics between T6SS-positive (case) and -negative (control) were compared in a uni- and multi-variable analysis. Hospital admission, antibiotic therapy, admission to intensive care unit, development of bacteraemia and in-hospital mortality were considered as clinical endpoints. RESULTS We identified 138 cases of Campylobacter jejuni infections and 18 cases of Campylobacter coli infections from a paediatric and adult population. Analyses were focused on adult patients with C. jejuni (n = 119) of which 16.8% were T6SS-positive. Comparisons between T6SS-positive and -negative C. jejuni isolates did not reveal significant differences regarding clinical manifestations or course of disease. All clinical endpoints showed a similar distribution in both groups. A higher score in the Charlson Comorbidity Index was associated with T6SS-positive C. jejuni isolates (p < 0.001) and patients were more likely to have a solid organ transplant and to be under immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our study does not provide evidence that T6SS is associated with a more severe clinical course. Interestingly, T6SS-positive isolates are more commonly found in immunocompromised patients: an observation which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Agnetti
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helena M. B. Seth-Smith
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ursich
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Current address: Institute for Molecular Cancer Research IMCR, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Josiane Reist
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marek Basler
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Nickel
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bassetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Ritz
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University Children Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Current address: Institute for Molecular Cancer Research IMCR, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Abstract
Asplenia may yield an increased risk of fulminant sepsis with various pathogens. Human infection with Campylobacter fetus is rare, but it often presents with non-gastrointestinal tract infection among immunocompromised individuals. A 55-year-old abattoir worker presented with a fever. He had had splenectomy for follicular lymphoma and rituximab maintenance therapy by four months before the presentation. Blood cultures yielded C. fetus, and the administration of meropenem dissolved the bacteremia. Further maintenance therapy was withheld, and no recurrence of infection has been observed for seven years. Asplenia, occupational exposure, and/or rituximab maintenance therapy might have been precipitating factors of this rare infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nakazawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Hematology, NHO Matsumoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nishina
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Hematology, NHO Matsumoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Hematology, NHO Matsumoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Department of Hematology, NHO Matsumoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishida
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
- Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kitano
- Department of Hematology, NHO Matsumoto Medical Center, Japan
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37
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Montgomery MP, Robertson S, Koski L, Salehi E, Stevenson LM, Silver R, Sundararaman P, Singh A, Joseph LA, Weisner MB, Brandt E, Prarat M, Bokanyi R, Chen JC, Folster JP, Bennett CT, Francois Watkins LK, Aubert RD, Chu A, Jackson J, Blanton J, Ginn A, Ramadugu K, Stanek D, DeMent J, Cui J, Zhang Y, Basler C, Friedman CR, Geissler AL, Crowe SJ, Dowell N, Dixon S, Whitlock L, Williams I, Jhung MA, Nichols MC, de Fijter S, Laughlin ME. Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Outbreak Linked to Puppy Exposure - United States, 2016-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67:1032-1035. [PMID: 30235182 PMCID: PMC6147421 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6737a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter causes an estimated 1.3 million diarrheal illnesses in the United States annually (1). In August 2017, the Florida Department of Health notified CDC of six Campylobacter jejuni infections linked to company A, a national pet store chain based in Ohio. CDC examined whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data and identified six isolates from company A puppies in Florida that were highly related to an isolate from a company A customer in Ohio. This information prompted a multistate investigation by local and state health and agriculture departments and CDC to identify the outbreak source and prevent additional illness. Health officials from six states visited pet stores to collect puppy fecal samples, antibiotic records, and traceback information. Nationally, 118 persons, including 29 pet store employees, in 18 states were identified with illness onset during January 5, 2016-February 4, 2018. In total, six pet store companies were linked to the outbreak. Outbreak isolates were resistant by antibiotic susceptibility testing to all antibiotics commonly used to treat Campylobacter infections, including macrolides and quinolones. Store record reviews revealed that among 149 investigated puppies, 142 (95%) received one or more courses of antibiotics, raising concern that antibiotic use might have led to development of resistance. Public health authorities issued infection prevention recommendations to affected pet stores and recommendations for testing puppies to veterinarians. This outbreak demonstrates that puppies can be a source of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter infections in humans, warranting a closer look at antimicrobial use in the commercial dog industry.
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Hagiya H, Kimura K, Nishi I, Yoshida H, Yamamoto N, Akeda Y, Tomono K. Emergence of Carbapenem Non-susceptible Campylobacter coli after Long-term Treatment against Recurrent Bacteremia in a Patient with X-linked Agammaglobulinemia. Intern Med 2018; 57:2077-2080. [PMID: 29491300 PMCID: PMC6096023 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0312-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a case of recurrent Campylobacter coli bacteremia in a 37-year-old Japanese man with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). The patient experienced seven episodes of C. coli bacteremia over one year, with an erythematous rash intermittently emerged on the lower limbs. Although hospitalization for intravenous treatment was repeatedly recommended, he obstinately declined it. Following long-term oral antibiotic treatment with tebipenem and faropenem for the persistent infection, C. coli showed elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations to meropenem, a key drug for severe campylobacteriosis. Physicians should note that the overuse of antibiotics can lead to the emergence of carbapenem-non-susceptible Campylobacter strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Hagiya
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | - Keigo Kimura
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | - Isao Nishi
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hisao Yoshida
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | - Norihisa Yamamoto
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tomono
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
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Khattak F, Paschalis V, Green M, Houdijk JGM, Soultanas P, Mahdavi J. TYPLEX® Chelate, a novel feed additive, inhibits Campylobacter jejuni biofilm formation and cecal colonization in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1391-1399. [PMID: 29462463 PMCID: PMC5914411 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing Campylobacter spp. carriage in poultry is challenging, but essential to control this major cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Although much is known about the mechanisms and route of Campylobacter spp. colonization in poultry, the literature is scarce on antibiotic-free solutions to combat Campylobacter spp. colonization in poultry. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to investigate the role of TYPLEX® Chelate (ferric tyrosine), a novel feed additive, in inhibiting Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) biofilm formation and reducing C. jejuni and Escherichia coli (E. coli) colonization in broiler chickens at market age. In an in vitro study, the inhibitory effect on C. jejuni biofilm formation using a plastic bead assay was investigated. The results demonstrated that TYPLEX® Chelate significantly reduces biofilm formation. In an in vivo study, 800 broilers (one d old) were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized block design, each having 10 replicate pens with 20 birds per pen. At d 21, all birds were challenged with C. jejuni via seeded litter. At d 42, cecal samples were collected and tested for volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and C. jejuni and E. coli counts. The results showed that TYPLEX® Chelate reduced the carriage of C. jejuni and E. coli in poultry by 2 and 1 log10 per gram cecal sample, respectively, and increased cecal VFA concentrations. These findings support TYPLEX® Chelate as a novel non-antibiotic feed additive that may help produce poultry with a lower public health risk of Campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khattak
- Monogastric Science Research Center, Scotland Rural College (SRUC), Ayr, KA6 5HW, Scotland, UK
| | - V Paschalis
- School of Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - M Green
- School of Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - J G M Houdijk
- Monogastric Science Research Center, Scotland Rural College (SRUC), Ayr, KA6 5HW, Scotland, UK
| | - P Soultanas
- School of Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - J Mahdavi
- School of Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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40
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Woźniak-Biel A, Bugla-Płoskońska G, Kielsznia A, Korzekwa K, Tobiasz A, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Wieliczko A. High Prevalence of Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Tetracycline Campylobacter Spp. Isolated from Poultry in Poland. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:314-322. [PMID: 28628752 PMCID: PMC5905868 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. is a major cause of foodborne diseases in humans, particularly when transmitted by the handling or consumption of undercooked poultry meat. Most Campylobacter infections are self-limiting, but antimicrobial treatment (e.g., fluoroquinolones and macrolides) is necessary in severe or prolonged cases. The indiscriminate use of these drugs, both in clinical medicine and animal production, has a major impact on public health. The aim of the present study was to identify Campylobacter strains, isolated from turkey and broilers, using both PCR and the matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) methods to reveal the accuracy of identification, as well to evaluate the antimicrobial and genetic resistance of the investigated strains. MALDI-TOF and PCR methods were used to show differences, if any, in the specificity of that test. In this study, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry gave the same results as multiplex PCR, in all cases. The highest rate of resistance (i.e., 100% of turkey and broiler strains) was detected against ciprofloxacin, whereas 58.1% of turkey and 78.6% of broiler strains were resistant to tetracycline. Multidrug-resistant isolates were not found in the study. All ciprofloxacin-resistant strains had a mutation in the gyrA gene, at the Thr-86 position. The presence of the tetO gene was found in 71% of turkey and in 100% of broiler strains. All resistant to tetracycline strains included tetO gene. Additionally, in five turkey and three broiler strains, susceptible to tetracycline, tetO gene was present. These results indicate the high prevalence of Campylobacter strains, which are phenotypically and genetically resistant to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woźniak-Biel
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Kielsznia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Korzekwa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Tobiasz
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alina Wieliczko
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Burakoff A, Brown K, Knutsen J, Hopewell C, Rowe S, Bennett C, Cronquist A. Outbreak of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Infections Associated with Raw Milk Consumption from a Herdshare Dairy - Colorado, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67:146-148. [PMID: 29420460 PMCID: PMC5812469 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6705a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In August 2016, a local public health agency (LPHA) notified the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) of two culture-confirmed cases of Campylobacter infection among persons who consumed raw (unpasteurized) milk from the same herdshare dairy. In Colorado, the sale of raw milk is illegal; however, herdshare programs, in which a member can purchase a share of a herd of cows or goats, are legal and are not regulated by state or local authorities. In coordination with LPHAs, CDPHE conducted an outbreak investigation that identified 12 confirmed and five probable cases of Campylobacter jejuni infection. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns for the 10 cases with available isolates were identical using the enzyme Sma. In addition, two milk samples (one from the dairy and one obtained from an ill shareholder) also tested positive for the outbreak strain. Five C. jejuni isolates sent to CDC for antimicrobial susceptibility testing were resistant to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid (1). Although shareholders were notified of the outbreak and cautioned against drinking the milk on multiple occasions, milk distribution was not discontinued. Although its distribution is legal through herdshare programs, drinking raw milk is inherently risky (2). The role of public health in implementing control measures associated with a product that is known to be unsafe remains undefined.
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Gaudreau C, Pilon PA, Sylvestre JL, Boucher F, Bekal S. Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter coli in Men Who Have Sex with Men, Quebec, Canada, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:1661-3. [PMID: 27533504 PMCID: PMC4994334 DOI: 10.3201/eid2209.151695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Zamora-López MJ, Álvarez-García P, García-Campello M. Prosthetic hip joint infection caused by Campylobacter fetus: A case report and literature review. Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31:53-57. [PMID: 29390600 PMCID: PMC6159359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Zamora-López
- Mª José Zamora-López, Microbiología y Parasitología. C/ Princesa de Éboli 100, 1ºB, 28050, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
The Campylobacter genus is a large and diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that are known to colonize humans and other mammals, birds, reptiles, and shellfish. While it is now recognized that several emerging Campylobacter species can be associated with human disease, two species, C. jejuni and C. coli, are responsible for the vast majority of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Infection with C. jejuni, in particular, has also been associated with a number of extragastrointestinal manifestations and autoimmune conditions, most notably Guillain-Barré syndrome. The antimicrobial drugs of choice for the treatment of severe Campylobacter infection include macrolides, such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin. Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, are also commonly used for empirical treatment of undiagnosed diarrheal disease. However, resistance to these and other classes of antimicrobial drugs is increasing and is a major public health problem. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that over 300,000 infections per year are caused by drug-resistant Campylobacter. In this chapter, we discuss the taxonomy of the Campylobacter genus, the clinical and global epidemiological aspects of Campylobacter infection, with an emphasis on C. jejuni and C. coli, and issues related to the treatment of infection and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. We further discuss the use of next-generation sequencing for the detection and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Heather Tate
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
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Arian A, Abozaid S, On A, Nasser W, Pastukh N, Peretz A. [COMPARISON OF CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ARAB AND JEWISH CHILDREN LIVING IN THE GALILEE WHO HAVE SUFFERED FROM AN INTESTINAL INFECTION CAUSED BY CAMPYLOBACTER]. Harefuah 2017; 156:631-634. [PMID: 29072380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among all infectious agents that cause gastrointestinal infection in children, the most common is the Campylobacter bacterium. The bacterium has multiple virulence factors such as motility, adhesion and invasion of the human intestinal lining, and enzyme secretion. In recent years, there has been a worldwide increase in Campylobacter resistance to antibiotics. AIMS To examine the frequency of Campylobacter among children who were hospitalized at the Poriya Medical Center during 2012-2014 and suffered from an intestinal infection caused by Campylobacter; to compare the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of Jewish and Arab children; to examine the resistance rate of the bacterium to antibiotics. METHODS The data on Campylobacter frequency in children who suffered from an intestinal infection was extracted from the medical records: age, sex, hospitalization duration, hemoglobin and leukocyte values in blood chemistry, the residential environment, and antibiotic treatment during hospitalization. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed for Erythromycin and Ciprofloxacin for all Campylobacter cultures that were isolated from patients' stool samples and kept frozen. RESULTS Campylobacter is the most prevalent bacterial factor among children who were hospitalized following enteritis. There are differences in the bacterium frequency among Jewish children in comparison to frequency in Arab children in the following aspects: Campylobacter is more frequent in Arab children, more common among children living in rural areas, and especially those of Arab origin. Arab children were hospitalized for longer durations than Jewish children. The mean age of Jewish children who suffered from infection caused by Campylobacter was higher compared to the mean age of Arab children. No difference was found in leukocyte values in the cell count. Hemoglobin values were lower among Jewish children compared to Arab children. There was a high percentage of children treated with antibiotics due to intestinal infection caused by Campylobacter, especially among Arab children. Resistance to Erythromycin was not found; however the rate of resistance to Ciprofloxacin was 10.7%. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in intestinal infection caused by Campylobacter among Jewish and Arab children in parameters such as: mean age, hospitalization duration, and residential area. The antibiotic resistance rate that was found is low; however, presently, it still exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arian
- Pediatric Department, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| | - Said Abozaid
- Pediatric Department, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| | - Avi On
- Pediatric Department, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
- Pediatric Gastrointestinal Unit, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| | - Wael Nasser
- Pediatric Department, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| | - Nina Pastukh
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| | - Avi Peretz
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
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Abstract
RATIONALE Although some cases of recurrent bacteremia due to Campylobacter jejuni have been reported in immunocompromised patients, antibiotic treatment strategies to eradicate C. jejuni and prevent recurrent infections in immunocompromised patients have not been established. Authors' experience of such rare cases should be shared for improving patients' outcomes. PATIENT CONCERNS An 18-year-old boy with hypogammaglobulinemia, who received intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy every 3 weeks, was admitted to hospital repeatedly due to recurrent diarrhea and cellulitis of the leg. DIAGNOSES The patient was admitted 6 times, and among them, C. jejuni was isolated from blood cultures 4 times and stool cultures 2 times. INTERVENTIONS The patient experienced recurrent C. jejuni enteritis and bacteremia 5 times despite macrolide therapy. Doxycycline was administered for 3 months after the fifth admission. OUTCOMES Ten months after the completion of doxycycline therapy for 3 months, C. jejuni enteritis relapsed; however, since then, recurrent infection has not occurred for 10 months. LESSONS Immunocompromised patients can experience recurrent C. jejuni infection despite prolonged antibiotic therapy. Further studies to establish appropriate antibiotic therapy for eradicating colonized C. jejuni and preventing recurrent infection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seung Beom Han
- Department of Pediatrics
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute
| | - Bin Cho
- Department of Pediatrics
- The Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Chul Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute
| | - Jin Han Kang
- Department of Pediatrics
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute
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Yao H, Liu D, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Shen Z. High Prevalence and Predominance of the aph(2″)-If Gene Conferring Aminoglycoside Resistance in Campylobacter. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e00112-17. [PMID: 28264854 PMCID: PMC5404564 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00112-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen, and previous studies revealed that Campylobacter isolates from food-producing animals are increasingly resistant to gentamicin in China. The molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms responsible for gentamicin resistance in China have not been well understood. In this study, 607 Campylobacter isolates of chicken and swine origins collected in 2014 were analyzed, revealing that 15.6% (25/160) of the Campylobacter jejuni isolates and 79.9% (357/447) of the Campylobacter coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin. PCR detection of the gentamicin resistance genes indicated that aph(2″)-If was more prevalent than the previously identified aacA/aphD gene and has become the dominant gentamicin resistance determinant in Campylobacter Transformation and whole-genome sequencing as well as long-range PCR discovered that aph(2″)-If was located on a chromosomal segment inserted between two conserved genes, Cj0299 and panB Cloning of aph(2″)-If into gentamicin-susceptible C. jejuni NCTC 11168 confirmed its function in conferring high-level resistance to gentamicin and kanamycin. Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that both regional expansion of a particular clone and horizontal transmission were involved in the dissemination of the aph(2″)-If gene in Campylobacter To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the high prevalence of a chromosomally encoded aph(2″)-If gene in Campylobacter The high prevalence and predominance of this gene might be driven by the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics in food animal production in China and potentially compromise the usefulness of gentamicin as a therapeutic agent for Campylobacter-associated systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qijing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Kim J, Coble DJ, Salyards GW, Bower JK, Rinaldi WJ, Plauche GB, Habing GG. Antimicrobial Use for and Resistance of Zoonotic Bacteria Recovered from Nonhuman Primates. Comp Med 2017; 67:79-86. [PMID: 28222842 PMCID: PMC5310628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As a growing threat to human and animal health, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a central public-health topic. Largescale surveillance systems, such as the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS), are now established to monitor and provide guidance regarding AMR, but comprehensive literature on AMR among NHP is sparse. This study provides data regarding current antimicrobial use strategies and the prevalence of AMR in zoonotic bacteria recovered from NHP within biomedical research institutions. We focused on 4 enteric bacteria: Shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Campylobacter jejuni. Fifteen veterinarians, 7 biomedical research institutions, and 4 diagnostic laboratories participated, providing susceptibility test results from January 2012 through April 2015. Veterinarians primarily treated cases caused by S. flexneri, Y. enterocolitica, and Y. pseudotuberculosis with enrofloxacin but treated C. jejuni cases with azithromycin and tylosin. All isolates were susceptible to the associated primary antimicrobial but often showed resistance to others. Specifically, S. flexneri isolates frequently were resistant to erythromycin (87.5%), doxycycline (73.7%), and tetracycline (38.3%); Y. enterocolitica isolates to ampicillin (100%) and cefazolin (93.6%); and C. jejuni isolates to methicillin (99.5%) and cephalothin (97.5%). None of the 58 Y. pseudotuber-culosis isolates was resistant to any tested antimicrobial. Notably, resistance patterns were not shared between this study's NHP isolates and human isolates presented by NARMS. Our findings indicate that zoonotic bacteria from NHP diagnostic samples are broadly susceptible to the antimicrobials used to treat the clinical infections. These results can help veterinarians ensure effective antimicrobial therapy and protect staff by minimizing occupational risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Kim
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dondrae J Coble
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University Laboratory Animal Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gregory W Salyards
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Julie K Bower
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Gail B Plauche
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Gregory G Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;,
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Ohishi T, Aoki K, Ishii Y, Usui M, Tamura Y, Kawanishi M, Ohnishi K, Tateda K. Molecular epidemiological analysis of human- and chicken-derived isolates of Campylobacter jejuni in Japan using next-generation sequencing. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:165-172. [PMID: 28087306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we analyzed the main sequence types (ST) and ST complexes of human- and chicken-derived isolates of Campylobacter jejuni in Japan by using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). We also analyzed lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus classes (LOS locus classes) and the numbers of isolates carrying genes coding resistance factors against various antibiotics, and observed their relationships. ST-21 complex was the main ST complex in isolates from humans (n = 38) and chickens (n = 25). None of the isolates showed resistance to imipenem, chloramphenicol, or erythromycin. Few isolates were resistant to ampicillin and streptomycin (1.3%-15%), whereas many showed resistance to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid (38%-48%). Among the ST-21 complex isolates, ST4526 was detected at a very high rate. Those isolates showed resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, and were susceptible to ampicillin. Among the chicken-derived isolates, 37 of the 38 isolates that showed resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid had threonine to isoleucine amino acid substitution in GyrA at codon 86 (T86I). Among the human-derived isolates, 17 of the 47 isolates that showed resistance to ciprofloxacin and 16 of the 48 isolates that showed resistance to nalidixic acid did not have T86I amino acid mutations in GyrA. The human-derived ST-21 complex isolates were classified into LOS locus classes A, B, C, D, and E. The chicken-derived ST-21 complex isolates, with the exception of one isolate, were all classified into LOS locus classes C and D. Among chicken-derived isolates, the most prevalent was ST51 (ST-443 complex) (10 isolates) and all of those were LOS locus class E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ohishi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaki Citizen Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kotaro Aoki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Division of Health and Environmental Science School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Division of Health and Environmental Science School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michiko Kawanishi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohnishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Nielsen HL, Kirk KF, Bodilsen J, Ejlertsen T, Nielsen H. Azithromycin vs. Placebo for the Clinical Outcome in Campylobacter concisus Diarrhoea in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166395. [PMID: 27893820 PMCID: PMC5125586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus has been associated with prolonged mild diarrhoea, but investigations regarding the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment have not been reported previously. We initiated a phase 3, single-centre, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study comparing the efficacy of 500 mg once-daily dose of azithromycin with a 500 mg once-daily dose of placebo for three days, for the treatment of C. concisus diarrhoea in adult patients with a follow-up period of ten days. If symptoms persisted at day ten, the patient was offered cross-over study treatment of three days and another ten-day follow-up period. The primary efficacy endpoint was the clinical response, defined as time to cessation of diarrhoea (<3 stools/day or reversal of accompanying symptoms). Our estimated sample size was 100 patients. We investigated a total of 10,036 diarrheic stool samples from 7,089 adult patients. Five-hundred and eighty-eight C. concisus positive patients were assessed for eligibility, of which 559 were excluded prior to randomization. The three main reasons for exclusion were duration of diarrhoea longer than 21 days (n = 124), previous antibiotic treatment (n = 113), and co-pathogens in stools (n = 87). Therefore, 24 patients completed the trial with either azithromycin (n = 12) or placebo (n = 12). Both groups presented symptoms of mild, prolonged diarrhoea with a mean duration of 18 days (95% CI: 16-19). One person in the azithromycin group and four from the placebo group chose to continue with crossover medication after the initial ten-day period. In the azithromycin group, there was a mean of seven days (95% CI: 5-9) to clinical cure and for the placebo group it was ten days (95% CI: 6-14) (OR-3 (95% CI: -7-1). We observed no differences in all examined outcomes between azithromycin treatment and placebo. However, due to unforeseen recruitment difficulties we did not reach our estimated sample size of 100 patients and statistical power to conclude on an effect of azithromycin treatment was not obtained. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01531218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Karina Frahm Kirk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bodilsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tove Ejlertsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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