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Zakeri D, Pazooki J, Mohseni M, Jamshidi S. Effect of dietary chitosan on the growth performance, intestinal histology and growth-related gene expression in stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) juveniles. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38602249 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
As sturgeon breeding has proliferated, there has been a heightened demand for growth stimulators in their diets. This study aimed to determine the impact of dietary chitosan on growth performance, whole-body proximate composition, growth-related gene expression, and intestinal histology in juvenile Acipenser stellatus. A total of 180 A. stellatus juveniles with an average weight of 31.90 ± 0.73 g were fed with diets containing 0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 g chitosan.kg-1 basic diet for eight weeks. The findings revealed a significant enhancement in growth performance with rising chitosan concentrations. Furthermore, chitosan supplementation upregulated the expression of the growth hormone gene in both brain and liver tissues. In liver samples, the most pronounced expression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 gene was noted at 6.0 g chitosan.kg-1, while in brain samples, peak expressions were observed in both the 4.5 and 6.0 g chitosan.kg-1 treatments. While the whole-body proximate composition remained relatively stable, there was a notable decrease in whole-body lipids with the escalation of chitosan dosage. Intestinal villi dimensions, both height and width, were amplified in the chitosan-supplemented groups compared to controls. In summation, chitosan supplementation showed promise in bolstering growth performance, refining intestinal morphology, and enhancing growth-related gene expression. Analysis of the polynomial regression of weight gain and specific growth rate revealed that the optimum dietary chitosan requirements in A. stellatus were 5.32 and 5.21 g chitosan.kg-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Zakeri
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamileh Pazooki
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mohseni
- International Sturgeon Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- International Sturgeon Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
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2
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Park JE, Ko SM, Han HJ, Lee JY, Jeong DS, Lee DH, Heo IK, Shin YU, Kim YH, Son WC. Toxicology and safety study of L-tryptophan and its impurities for use in swine. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38594832 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
L-tryptophan, an essential amino acid for physiological processes, metabolism, development, and growth of organisms, is widely utilized in animal nutrition and human health as a feed additive and nutritional supplement, respectively. Despite its known benefits, safety concerns have arisen due to an eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) outbreak linked to L-tryptophan consumed by humans. Extensive research has established that the EMS outbreak was caused by an L-tryptophan product that contained certain impurities. Therefore, safety validations are imperative to endorse the use of L-tryptophan as a supplement or a feed additive. This study was conducted in tertiary hybrid [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] pigs to assess general toxicity and potential risks for EMS-related symptoms associated with L-tryptophan used as a feed additive. Our investigation elucidated the relationship between L-tryptophan and EMS in swine. No mortalities or clinical signs were observed in any animals during the administration period, and the test substance did not induce toxic effects. Hematological analysis and histopathological examination revealed no changes in EMS-related parameters, such as eosinophil counts, lung lesions, skin lesions, or muscle atrophy. Furthermore, no test substance-related changes occurred in other general toxicological parameters. Through analyzing the tissues and organs of swine, most of the L-tryptophan impurities that may cause EMS were not retained. Based on these findings, we concluded that incorporating L-tryptophan and its impurities into the diet does not induce EMS in swine. Consequently, L-tryptophan may be used as a feed additive throughout all growth stages of swine without safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Ko
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Han
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Som Jeong
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyung Heo
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Uk Shin
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gaffield KN, Bromm JJ, DeRouchey JM, Tokach MD, Woodworth JC, Goodband RD, Berg KM, De Jong JA, Pohlen CL, Gebhardt JT. Evaluating the effects of benzoic acid on nursery and finishing pig growth performance. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae049. [PMID: 38623565 PMCID: PMC11017507 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Three studies were conducted evaluating the use of benzoic acid in swine diets. In experiment 1, 350 weanling barrows (DNA 200 × 400; initially 5.9 ± 0.04 kg) were allotted to one of the five dietary treatments with 14 pens per treatment. Diets were fed in three phases: phase 1 from weaning to day 10, phase 2 from days 10 to 18, and phase 3 from days 18 to 38. Treatment 1 contained no benzoic acid throughout all three phases (weaning to day 42). Treatment 2 included 0.50% benzoic acid throughout all three phases. Treatment 3 contained 0.50% benzoic acid in phases 1 and 2, and 0.25% benzoic acid in phase 3. Treatment 4 contained 0.50% benzoic acid in phases 1 and 2, and no benzoic acid in phase 3. Treatment 5 contained 0.50% benzoic acid in phase 1, 0.25% benzoic acid in phase 2, and no benzoic acid in phase 3. For the overall period, pigs fed 0.50% in the first two phases and 0.25% benzoic acid in the final phase had greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain (average daily gain) than pigs fed no benzoic acid through all three phases, or pigs fed 0.50% in the first two phases and no benzoic acid in the final phase, with pigs fed the other treatments intermediate. Pigs fed 0.50% in the first two phases and 0.25% benzoic acid in the final phase had improved (P < 0.05) gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) compared with pigs fed no benzoic acid throughout all three phases, pigs fed 0.50% in the first two phases and no benzoic acid in the third phase, or pigs fed 0.50%, 0.25%, and no benzoic acid, respectively. For experiment 2, a 101-d trial was conducted using two groups of 1,053 finishing pigs (2,106 total pigs; PIC 337 × 1,050; initially 33.3 ± 1.9 kg). Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-dried distillers grains with solubles-based with the addition of none, 0.25%, or 0.50% benzoic acid. Overall, pigs fed increasing benzoic acid had a tendency for increased average daily feed intake (linear, P = 0.083) but decreased G:F (linear, P < 0.05). In experiment 3, 2,162 finishing pigs (DNA 600 × PIC 1050; initially 31.4 ± 2.2 kg) were used in a 109-d trial. Dietary treatments were formulated with or without 0.25% benzoic acid. For the overall experimental period, pigs fed benzoic acid had increased (P < 0.05) G:F. In summary, feeding benzoic acid elicits improved growth performance when fed throughout the entire nursery period while improved G:F in growing-finishing pigs was observed in one experiment, but not in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn N Gaffield
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Jenna J Bromm
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Kiah M Berg
- Pipestone Nutrition, Pipestone, MN56164, USA
| | | | | | - Jordan T Gebhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
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Kjeldsen MH, Weisbjerg MR, Larsen M, Højberg O, Ohlsson C, Walker N, Hellwing ALF, Lund P. Gas exchange, rumen hydrogen sinks, and nutrient digestibility and metabolism in lactating dairy cows fed 3-nitrooxypropanol and cracked rapeseed. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2047-2065. [PMID: 37863291 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Fat in the form of cracked rapeseed and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP, market as Bovaer) were fed alone or in combination to 4 Danish Holstein multicannulated dairy cows, with the objective to investigate effects on gas exchange, dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestion, and nutrient metabolism. The study design was a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 levels of fat supplementation; 33 g of crude fat per kg of dry matter (DM) or 64 g of crude fat per kg of DM for low and high fat diets, respectively, and 2 levels of 3-NOP; 0 mg/kg DM or 80 mg/kg DM. In total, 4 diets were formulated: low fat (LF), high fat (HF), 3-NOP and low fat (3LF), and 3-NOP and high fat (3HF). Cows were fed ad libitum and milked twice daily. The adaptation period lasted 11 d, followed by 5 d with 12 diurnal sampling times of digesta and ruminal fluid. Thereafter, gas exchange was measured for 5 d in respiration chambers. Chromic oxide and titanium dioxide were used as external flow markers to determine intestinal nutrient flow. No interactions between fat supplementation and 3-NOP were observed for methane yield (g/kg DM), total-tract digestibility of nutrients or total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the rumen. Methane yield (g/kg DMI) was decreased by 24% when cows were fed 3-NOP. In addition, 3-NOP increased carbon dioxide and hydrogen yield (g/kg DM) by 6% and 3,500%, respectively. However, carbon dioxide production was decreased when expressed on a daily basis. Fat supplementation did not affect methane yield but tended to reduce methane in percent of gross energy intake. A decrease (11%) in DMI was observed, when cows were fed 3-NOP. Likely, the lower DMI mediated a lower passage rate causing the tendency to higher rumen and total-tract neutral detergent fiber digestibility, when the cows were fed 3-NOP. Total VFA concentrations in the rumen were negatively affected both by 3-NOP and fat supplementation. Furthermore, 3-NOP caused a shift in the VFA fermentation profile, with decreased acetate proportion and increased butyrate proportion, whereas propionate proportion was unaffected. Increased concentrations of the alcohols methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and 2-butanol were observed in the ruminal fluid when cows were fed 3-NOP. These changes in rumen metabolites indicate partial re-direction of hydrogen into other hydrogen sinks, when methanogenesis is inhibited by 3-NOP. In conclusion, fat supplementation did not reduce methane yield, whereas 3-NOP reduced methane yield, irrespective of fat level. However, the concentration of 3-NOP and diet composition and resulting desired mitigation effect must be considered before implementation. The observed reduction in DMI with 80 mg 3-NOP/kg DM was intriguing and may indicate that a lower dose should be applied in a Northern European context; however, the mechanism behind needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Kjeldsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Martin R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mogens Larsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ole Højberg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Christer Ohlsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Walker
- Department of Animal Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Anne Louise F Hellwing
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Herman L, Galobart J, Holczknecht O, Innocenti M, Ortuño J, Pettenati E, Pizzo F, Revez J, Tarrés-Call J, Vettori MV, Radovnikovic A. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of inactivated selenised yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCTCC M 2022402) for all animal species (Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH). EFSA J 2024; 22:e8627. [PMID: 38601869 PMCID: PMC11005729 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of the selenised yeast (inactivated) Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCTCC M 2022402 (Plexomin® Se 3000, available in two forms: 'granules' and 'micro') as a nutritional feed additive for all animal species. Based on a tolerance-efficacy trial, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive is safe for chickens for fattening at proposed conditions of use and this conclusion can be extrapolated to all animal species. In the absence of deposition data in all animal species and products, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the safety for the consumer. Plexomin® Se 3000 (granules) is dust-free; therefore, the exposure through inhalation is unlikely. Plexomin® Se 3000 (micro) presents a risk by inhalation. Both forms of the additive (granules and micro) are considered as respiratory sensitisers. Due to the lack of data, no conclusions can be drawn on the dermal and eye irritation potential of Plexomin® Se 3000 (granules). Plexomin® Se 3000 (micro) is not irritant to the skin and the eyes. No conclusions can be drawn on the potential of both forms of the additive to be dermal sensitisers. The use of the additive in animal nutrition is considered safe for the environment. The additive is an efficacious source of selenium in feedingstuffs for all animal species.
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Mullenix GJ, Greene ES, Ramser A, Maynard C, Dridi S. Effect of a microencapsulated phyto/phycogenic blend supplementation on growth performance, processing parameters, meat quality, and sensory profile in male broilers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1382535. [PMID: 38605922 PMCID: PMC11007207 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1382535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Powered by consumer taste, value, and preferences, natural products including phytogenics and algae are increasingly and separately used in the food systems where they have been reported to improve growth performance in poultry and livestock. The present study aimed to determine the effects of a new feed additive, microencapsulated NUQO© NEX, which contains a combination of phytogenic and phycogenic, on broiler growth performance, blood chemistry, bone health, meat quality and sensory profile. Male Cobb500 chicks (n = 1,197) were fed a 3-phase feeding intervals; 1-14d starter, 15-28d grower, and 29-40d finisher. The dietary treatments included a corn-soy basal Control (CON), basal diet supplemented with NUQO© NEX at 100 g/ton from 1 to 28d then 75 g/ton from d 28 to 40 (NEX75), and basal diet supplemented with NUQO© NEX at 100 g/ton from 1 to 40d (NEX100). The NEX100 supplemented birds had 62 g more BWG increase and 2.1-point improvement in FCR compared with CON in the finisher and overall growth phase (p < 0.05), respectively. Day 40 processing body weights and carcass weights were heavier for the NEX100 supplemented birds (p < 0.05). The incidences of muscle myopathies were also higher in NEX treatments, which could be associated with the heavier weights, but the differences were not detected to be significant. The NEX75 breast filets had more yellowness than other dietary treatments (p = 0.003) and the NEX 100 treatment reduced the levels of breast filet TBARS at 7 days-post harvest (p = 0.053). Finally, both NEX treatments reduced the incidence of severe bone (tibia and femur) lesions. In conclusion, the supplementation of the phytogenic NUQO© NEX improved finisher performance parameters, whole phase FCR, processing carcass weights, and breast filet yellowness, at varying inclusion levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Dellaqua JVT, Rigueiro ALN, Silvestre AM, Pereira MCS, Felizari LD, Demartini BL, Dias EFF, Silva LAF, Casali DM, Souza KLR, Souza JM, Millen DD. Impact of combined management strategies of monensin and virginiamycin in high energy diets on ruminal fermentation and nutrients utilization. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1325198. [PMID: 38605925 PMCID: PMC11008231 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1325198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Feed additives such as monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM) are commonly utilized in feedlot diets to enhance rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, the precise effects of combining MON and VM during specific feedlot periods and the advantages of this combination remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the adaptation and finishing periods on ruminal metabolism, feeding behavior, and nutrient digestibility in Nellore cattle. The experimental design was a 5 × 5 Latin square, where each period lasted 28 days. Five rumen-cannulated Nellore yearling bulls were used (414,86 ± 21,71 kg of body weight), which were assigned to five treatments: (1) MON during the entire feeding period; (2) VM during the entire feeding period; (3) MON + VM during the adaptation period and only VM during the finishing period 1 and 2; (4) MON + VM during the entire feeding period; (5) MON + VM during the adaptation and finishing period 1 and only VM during the finishing period 2. For the finishing period 1, animals fed T3 had improved potential degradability of dry matter (p = 0.02). Cattle fed T3 and T5 had the highest crude protein degradability when compared to animals receiving T2 (p = 0.01). Animals fed T2 and T3 had reduced the time (p < 0.01) and area under pH 6.2 (p = 0.02). Moreover, animals fed T4 had greater population of protozoa from the genus Diplodinium (p = 0.04) when compared to those from animals fed T2, T3 and T5. For the finishing period 2, animals fed T3 had greater starch degradability when compared to animals receiving T4 and T5 (p = 0.04). Animals fed T3, T4 and T5 had increased the duration of time in which pH was below 5.6 (p = 0.03). The area under the curve for ruminal pH 5.2 and pH 5.6 was higher for the animals fed T3 (p = 0.01), and the area under pH 6.2 was higher for the animals fed T3 and T5 (p < 0.01) when compared to animals receiving T2. There is no substantial improvement on the rumen fermentation parameters by the concurrent utilization of MON and VM molecules, where the higher starch and protein degradability did not improve the rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. T. Dellaqua
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - André L. N. Rigueiro
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Silvestre
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Murilo C. S. Pereira
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Luana D. Felizari
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Breno L. Demartini
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Evandro F. F. Dias
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Leandro A. F. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Daniel M. Casali
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Katia L. R. Souza
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Johnny M. Souza
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Danilo D. Millen
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Cardoso L, Owatari MS, Chaves FCM, Bastolla CLV, Saldaña-Serrano M, Mouriño JLP, Martins ML. Dietary supplementation with Lippia sidoides essential oil improves organ integrity but the specific activity of antioxidant enzymes is dose-dependent in Danio rerio. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:374-382. [PMID: 37899705 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional quality of food can affect the health of animals. This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with Lippia sidoides essential oil (LSEO) on the physiology of Danio rerio. Four hundred fourty-eight fish were divided into 28 tanks and subjected to different dietary treatments: a control group with no supplementation, a group with grain alcohol supplementation and five groups with LSEO at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25%. After 15 days, histological and enzymatic analyses were conducted. The 0.25% LSEO group exhibited lower glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity compared to the 1.00% group. Additionally, fish in the 0.25% LSEO group showed improved liver, kidney and splenic integrity indices. These findings support the inclusion of 0.25% LSEO in the diet of D. rerio, suggesting potential benefits for fish physiology and encouraging further research on phytotherapeutics in fish diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cardoso
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marco Shizuo Owatari
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Lisarb Velasquez Bastolla
- LABCAI-Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Miguel Saldaña-Serrano
- LABCAI-Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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9
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Dai C, Li H, Zhao W, Fu Y, Cheng J. Bioactive functions of chlorogenic acid and its research progress in pig industry. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:439-450. [PMID: 37975278 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), also known as 3-caffeioylquinic acid or coffee tannin, is a water-soluble polyphenol phenylacrylate compound produced through the shikimate pathway by plants during aerobic respiration. CGA widely exists in higher dicotyledons, ferns and many Chinese medicinal materials, and enjoys the reputation of 'plant gold'. Here, we summarized the source, chemical structure, biological activity functions of CGA and its research progress in pigs, aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding and theoretical basis for the prospect of CGA replacing antibiotics as a pig feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Dai
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Platform, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Platform, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Platform, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Fu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Platform, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Cheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Platform, Nanjing, China
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10
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van Gastelen S, Burgers EEA, Dijkstra J, de Mol R, Muizelaar W, Walker N, Bannink A. Long-term effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol on methane emission and milk production characteristics in Holstein Friesian dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00500-9. [PMID: 38395398 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the long-term effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on CH4 emission and milk production characteristics from dairy cows receiving 3-NOP in their diet for a full year, covering all lactation stages of the dairy cows. Sixty-four late-lactation Holstein Friesian cows (34% primiparous) were blocked in pairs, based on expected calving date, parity, and daily milk yield. The experiment started with an adaptation period of 1 week followed by a covariate period of 3 weeks in which all cows received the same basal diet and baseline measurements were performed. Directly after, cows within a block were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: a diet containing on average 69.8 mg 3-NOP/kg DM (total ration level, corrected for intake of non-supplemented GreenFeed bait) and a diet containing a placebo. Forage composition as well as forage to concentrate ratio altered with lactation stage (i.e., dry period and early, mid, and late lactation). Diets were provided as a total mixed ration and additional bait was fed in GreenFeed units which were used for emission measurements. Supplementation of 3-NOP did not affect total dry matter intake (DMI), body weight or body condition score, but resulted in a 6.5% increase in the yields of energy-corrected milk and fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM). Furthermore, milk fat and protein as well as feed efficiency were increased upon 3-NOP supplementation. Overall, a reduction of 21%, 20%, and 27% was achieved for CH4 production (g/d), yield (g/kg DMI), and intensity (g/kg FPCM), respectively, upon 3-NOP supplementation. The CH4 mitigation potential of 3-NOP was affected by the lactation stage dependent diet to which 3-NOP was supplemented. On average, a 16%, 20%, 16%, and 26% reduction in CH4 yield (g/kg DMI) was achieved upon 3-NOP supplementation for the dry period, and early, mid, and late lactation diet, respectively. The CH4 mitigation potential of 3-NOP was affected by the length of 3-NOP supplementation within a lactation stage dependent diet and by variation in diet composition within a lactation stage dependent diet as a result of changes in grass and corn silage silos. In conclusion, 3-NOP reduced CH4 emission from cows receiving 3-NOP for a year, with a positive impact on production characteristics. The CH4 mitigation potential of 3-NOP was influenced by diet type, diet composition, and nutrition value, and the efficacy of 3-NOP appeared to decline over time but not continuously. Associated with changes in diet composition, increased efficacy of 3-NOP was observed at the start of the trial, at the start of a new lactation, and, importantly, at the end of the trial. These results suggests that diet composition has a large effect on the efficacy of 3-NOP, perhaps even larger than the week of supplementation after first introduction of 3-NOP. Further studies are needed to clarify the long-term effect of 3-NOP on CH4 emission and to further investigate the effect that variation in diet composition may have on the mitigation potential of 3-NOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne van Gastelen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Eline E A Burgers
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi de Mol
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Muizelaar
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Walker
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition & Health, PO Box 2676, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Ovseychik EA, Klein OI, Gessler NN, Deryabina YI, Lukashenko VS, Isakova EP. The Efficacy of Encapsulated Phytase Based on Recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica on Quails' Zootechnic Features and Phosphorus Assimilation. Vet Sci 2024; 11:91. [PMID: 38393109 PMCID: PMC10891838 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used the Manchurian golden breed of quails. We assessed the efficacy of the food additives of the phytase from Obesumbacterium proteus encapsulated in the recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica yeast, which was supplied at a concentration of 500 phytase activity units per kg of the feed. One hundred fifty one-day-old quails were distributed into six treatment groups. The results showed that adding the O. proteus encapsulated phytase to the quails' diets improved live weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion compared to those in the control groups and the groups using a commercial phytase from Aspergillus ficuum. The results obtained during the experiments indicate a high degree of assimilation of phytate-containing feeds if the encapsulated phytase was fed by the quails compared to that in the other groups. We can conclude that the class D encapsulated phytase is an expedient additive to the diets possessing better kinetic features compared to the PhyA and PhyC classes phytases when it acts inside the quail's chyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekanerina A. Ovseychik
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center “Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad 141311, Russia; (E.A.O.); (V.S.L.)
| | - Olga I. Klein
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (O.I.K.); (N.N.G.); (Y.I.D.)
| | - Natalia N. Gessler
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (O.I.K.); (N.N.G.); (Y.I.D.)
| | - Yulia I. Deryabina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (O.I.K.); (N.N.G.); (Y.I.D.)
| | - Valery S. Lukashenko
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center “Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad 141311, Russia; (E.A.O.); (V.S.L.)
| | - Elena P. Isakova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (O.I.K.); (N.N.G.); (Y.I.D.)
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12
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Longchuphon M, Chongrattanameteekul P, Mektrirat R, Sringarm K, Tapingkae W, Srinual O, Huanhong K, Chaiphun W, Arjin C, Jaturasitha S, Lumsangkul C. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Extract for Promoting Flock Health and Performance in Late-Phase Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:515. [PMID: 38338157 PMCID: PMC10854664 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Caesalpinia sappan Linn Extract (CSE) on the health and productive performance of late-phase laying hens on farms. Proximate composition and antioxidant markers of CSE powder revealed favorable characteristics with high total dry matter; phenolic content, and antioxidant potency. Three hundred and sixty (64-week-old) Hy-line Brown hens were divided into five groups with 0 (control diet), 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg CSE, respectively. The laying performance and egg quality of the CSE supplementation groups demonstrated significant improvements in egg weight and albumin weight (p < 0.05), and a tendency for enhanced egg mass and feed conversion ratio. Additionally, the intestinal morphostructural indices in the 2000 mg CSE/kg diet group showed the greatest statistical significance (p < 0.05), with a detectable trend suggesting an increase in the villus height to crypt depth ratio. In addition, significant downregulation of proinflammatory genes occurred in their liver tissues, coupled with a greater expression of genes linked to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the blood biochemical parameters and the organ weights may suggest a favorable safety profile of CSE supplementation. These findings highlight the potential of CSE as a dietary supplement to enhance the productive performance and flock health of late-phase laying hens. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and optimal dosage of CSE supplementation for laying hens in farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methisa Longchuphon
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Peerawit Chongrattanameteekul
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Unit for Innovation in Responsible Food Production for Consumption of the Future (RIFF), Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Orranee Srinual
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Kiattisak Huanhong
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Wipasiri Chaiphun
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Chaiwat Arjin
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
- Research Unit for Innovation in Responsible Food Production for Consumption of the Future (RIFF), Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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13
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Ko SM, Park JE, Lee JY, Jeong DS, Kang J, Son KY, Heo IK, Shin YU, Kim YH, Son WC. Toxicology and safety study of L-tryptophan and its impurities for use in broiler feed. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:184-200. [PMID: 37646433 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
L-tryptophan has been utilized as a feed additive in animal nutrition to improve growth performance, as well as a dietary supplement to alleviate various emotional symptoms in humans. Despite its benefits, concerns regarding its safety arose following the outbreak of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) among individuals who consumed L-tryptophan. The causative material of EMS was determined to be not L-tryptophan itself, but rather L-tryptophan impurities resulting from a specific manufacturing process. To investigate the effect of L-tryptophan and its impurities on humans who consume meat products derived from animals that were fed L-tryptophan and its impurities, an animal study involving broiler chickens was conducted. The animals in test groups were fed diet containing 0.065%-0.073% of L-tryptophan for 27 days. This study aimed to observe the occurrence of toxicological or EMS-related symptoms and analyze the residues of L-tryptophan impurities in meat products. The results indicated that there was no evidence of adverse effects associated with the test substance in the investigated parameters. Furthermore, most of the consumed EMS-causing L-tryptophan impurities did not remain in the meat of broiler chickens. Thus, this study demonstrated the safety of L-tryptophan and some of its impurities as a feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Ko
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Som Jeong
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kang
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeol Son
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyung Heo
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Uk Shin
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Lokapirnasari WP, Al-Arif MA, Hidayatik N, Safiranisa A, Arumdani DF, Zahirah AI, Yulianto AB, Lamid M, Marbun TD, Lisnanti EF, Baihaqi ZA, Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Pelawi EBS, Hasib A. Effect of probiotics and acidifiers on feed intake, egg mass, production performance, and egg yolk chemical composition in late-laying quails. Vet World 2024; 17:462-469. [PMID: 38595658 PMCID: PMC11000483 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.462-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Probiotics can be used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters because antibiotics are prohibited worldwide. This study investigated the potential combination of probiotics and acidifiers to improve feed intake, productive performance, egg mass, and egg yolk chemical composition of late-laying quail for the health of humans who consume quail products. Materials and Methods One hundred laying quails were divided into 4 × 5 treatments, with each group consisting of five replications. The adaptation period was 2 weeks, and the treatment was continued for 4 weeks. Probiotics and acidifiers were added to drinking water and incorporated into the diet. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Treatment duration (1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks) and additional feed treatment (control, probiotic 2% + 0.5% acidifier, probiotic 2% + 1% acidifier, probiotic 4% + 0.5% acidifier, and probiotic 4% + 1% acidifier, respectively). Results Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in feed intake, quail day production, feed efficiency, egg mass in laying quails, and the chemical composition of egg yolk with probiotics and acidifiers in late-laying quails. Conclusion The combination of probiotics and acidifiers can improve feed intake, production performance, egg mass, and egg yolk chemical composition in late-laying quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Anam Al-Arif
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nanik Hidayatik
- Division of Veterinary Basic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Aldhia Safiranisa
- Master of Veterinary Agribusiness, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dynda Febriana Arumdani
- Master of Veterinary Agribusiness, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Amadea Inas Zahirah
- Master of Veterinary Agribusiness, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Berny Yulianto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Jl. Dukuh Kupang XXV No.54, Dukuh Kupang, Dukuh Pakis, Surabaya 60225, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mirni Lamid
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Ertika Fitri Lisnanti
- Program of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Kadiri, Kediri. Jl. Sersan Suharmaji 38, Kediri 64128, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Zein Ahmad Baihaqi
- Program of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Kadiri, Kediri. Jl. Sersan Suharmaji 38, Kediri 64128, East Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor 32 Cibinong 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Erlycasna Beru Sembiring Pelawi
- Master of Veterinary Agribusiness, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, QLD, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Li J, Chen WN, Sun WJ, Cordero G, Hasan S, Bontempo V, Xiao JF, Li YP, Pi Y, Li XL, Jiang XR. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Stimbiotics to Sows on Lactation Performance, Immune Function, and Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Capacities during Late Gestation and Lactation. Vet Sci 2024; 11:53. [PMID: 38393071 PMCID: PMC10892021 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimbiotic supplementation may provide an innovative feed additive solution to accelerate the proliferation of beneficial fiber-degrading bacteria in the distal intestine and the utilization of dietary fiber. Optimal utilization of dietary fiber has multiple benefits for gut health and nutrient utilization. This study was conducted to evaluate the late gestation and lactation performance, the plasma, colostrum, and milk immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) concentrations, and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers in plasma of sows fed with or without a stimbiotic during the late gestation and lactation phase. A total of 40 sows were allocated to two treatment groups: control (CT) with no supplementation or 100 mg/kg stimbiotic (VP), with 20 sows per treatment. Sows were fed the treatment diets from d 85 of gestation to d 28 of lactation. In the results, the average daily weight gain of piglets during lactation was greater from sows fed in the VP group compared to that in the CT group (p < 0.05). The plasma concentrations of IgM at farrowing and IgG at weaning of the sows fed the diet with the stimbiotic supplementation were much higher than those in the CT sows (p < 0.05), respectively. In addition, the dietary stimbiotic increased the concentrations of IgM in the colostrum and of IgA and IgM in the milk at d 14 of lactation (p < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) on d 0 and d 28 of lactation tended to be lower in sows fed the VP diets compared with those of the sows fed the CT diets. Thus, our study indicated that stimbiotic supplementation could improve the daily weight gain of piglets and the immune function of sows in lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Wen-Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Wen-Juan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | | | - Shah Hasan
- AB Vista, Marlborough SN8 4AN, UK; (G.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Valentino Bontempo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Jun-Feng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Aonong Group, Zhangzhou 363000, China;
| | - Yan-Pin Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Yu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Xi-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Xian-Ren Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
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16
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Ju MS, Jo YH, Kim YR, Ghassemi Nejad J, Lee JG, Lee HG. Supplementation of complex natural feed additive containing (C. militaris, probiotics and red ginseng by-product) on rumen-fermentation, growth performance and carcass characteristics in Korean native steers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1300518. [PMID: 38288378 PMCID: PMC10822911 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1300518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of a complex natural feed additive on rumen fermentation, carcass characteristics and growth performance in Korean-native steers. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiment were conducted. Seven different levels of complex natural feed additive (CA) were added to the buffered rumen fluid using AnkomRF gas production system for 12, 24 and 48 h. All experimental data were analyzed by mixed procedure of SAS. Total gas production increased in the CA groups, with the highest response observed in the 0.06% group at 48 h of incubation (linear, p = 0.02; quadratic, p < 0.01). Regarding rumen fermentation parameters, the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) tended to increase in all the CA groups (p = 0.07). The concentrations of butyrate, iso-butyrate, and iso-valerate significantly increased in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). In the in vivo experiment, 23 Korean-native steers were allocated to two groups: (1) Control and (2) Treatment; control +0.07% CA (DM basis), in a randomized complete-block design and blocked by body weight (ave. body weight = 641.96 kg ± 62.51 kg, p = 0.80) and feed intake (ave. feed intake = 13.96 kg ± 0.74 kg, p = 0.08) lasted for 252 days. Average daily gain decreased in the treatment group (p < 0.01). Backfat thickness significantly decreased in the CA group (p = 0.03), whereas meat color tended to increase (p = 0.07). In conclusion, in the in vitro experiment, the inclusion of complex natural feed additive decreased methane proportion and tended to increase TVFA production, but supplementation to Korean native steers decreased average daily gain and backfat thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun-Su Ju
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Jo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Rae Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gu Lee
- DM Bio Co., Ltd., Jellonam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gómez-Verduzco G, Arce-Menocal J, López-Coello C, Avila-González E, Márquez-Mota CC, Polo J, Rangel L. Feeding spray-dried plasma to broilers early in life improved their intestinal development, immunity and performance irrespective of mycotoxins in feed. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1321351. [PMID: 38283370 PMCID: PMC10812105 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1321351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fungi that produce mycotoxins can grow on certain food products, such as grains and feed, and can cause a variety of health issues if consumed by animals, including chickens. The use of spray-dried plasma (SDP) is one strategy for combating the health problems caused by mycotoxins. Materials and methods In the present study, Ross 308 chickens (n = 960) were divided into four treatment groups. T1 group was given a control diet (corn-soybean meal), T2 group was given a control diet +2% SDP, T3 group was given a control diet +2% SDP + mixture mycotoxins and T4 group was givena control diet + mycotoxin mixture. Results The presence of SDP resulted in weight gain and decreased feed efficiency, whereas mycotoxins resulted in weight loss and increased feed efficiency. SDP increased the thymus' relative weight. The presence of mycotoxins increased the heterophile/lymphocyte ratio. The presence of mycotoxins reduced the production of IL-2 and macrophage inflammatory protein-3 Alpha (MIP-3a), whereas the presence of SDP increased the production of macrophage colony-stimulating Factor (M-CSF). SDP resulted in higher IgA concentrations in the intestinal and tracheal washes than mycotoxin. Finally, adding SDP to broiler diets boosts weight gain, feed efficiency, and immune system development. Discussion Our results provide information supporting that SDP is a promising tool for improving poultry immunity and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gómez-Verduzco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Arce-Menocal
- Departamento de Producción avícola, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Carlos López-Coello
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Avila-González
- Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Producción Avícola CEIEPAv, Tláhuac, Mexico
| | - Claudia C. Márquez-Mota
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Wu H, Wang S, Xie J, Ji F, Peng W, Qian J, Shen Q, Hou G. Effects of Dietary Lycopene on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Meat Quality, Intestine Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:203. [PMID: 38254372 PMCID: PMC10812500 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary lycopene on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, intestine histomorphology, and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens. We randomly divided five hundred and seventy-six one-day-old male broilers into four groups each with six replicates and 24 chickens in each replicate. The control group (CG) was fed the basal diet, and the other groups were given powder lycopene of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg lycopene (LP10, LP20, and LP30, respectively). Compared with the control group, (1) the dietary lycopene increased (p = 0.001) the average daily gain and decreased (p = 0.033) the feed conversion ratio in the experimental groups; (2) the glutathione peroxidase enzyme contents in LP20 were higher (p =< 0.001) in myocardium; (3) the crude protein contents were higher (p = 0.007) in the group treated with 30 mg/kg dietary lycopene; (4) the jejunum villous height was higher (p = 0.040) in LP20; (5) the Unclassified-f-Ruminococcaceae relative abundance was significantly higher (p = 0.043) in LP20. In this study, adding 20 mg/kg dietary lycopene to the broiler chickens' diets improved the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, intestine histomorphology, and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Abna Management (Shangai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fengjie Ji
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Weiqi Peng
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jinyu Qian
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Hainan Xuhuai Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 571127, China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Maigaard M, Weisbjerg MR, Johansen M, Walker N, Ohlsson C, Lund P. Effects of dietary fat, nitrate, and 3-nitrooxypropanol and their combinations on methane emission, feed intake, and milk production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:220-241. [PMID: 37690719 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of individual and combined use of dietary fat, nitrate, and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on dairy cows' enteric methane (CH4) emission and production performance. Twenty-four primiparous and 24 multiparous Danish Holstein cows (111 ± 44.6 d in milk; mean ± standard deviation) were included in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square design with six 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were organized in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement aiming for 2 levels of FAT (30 or 63 g of crude fat/kg of dry matter [DM]; LF or HF, respectively), 2 levels of NITRATE (0 or 10 g of nitrate/kg of DM; UREA or NIT, respectively), and 2 levels of 3-NOP (0 or 80 mg/kg DM; BLANK or NOP, respectively). Treatments were included in ad libitum-fed partial mixed rations in bins that automatically measured feed intake and eating behavior. Additional concentrate was offered as bait in GreenFeed units used for measurement of gas emission. For total DM intake (DMI), a FAT × NITRATE interaction showed that DMI, across parities and levels of 3-NOP, was unaffected by separate fat supplementation, but reduced by nitrate with 4.6% and synergistically decreased (significant 2-way interaction) with 13.0% when fat and nitrate were combined. Additionally, 3-NOP decreased DMI by 13.4% and the combination of 3-NOP with fat and nitrate decreased DMI in an additive way (no significant 3-way interaction). The decreasing effects on DMI were more pronounced in multiparous cows than in primiparous cows. For treatments with largest reductions in DMI, eating behavior was altered toward more frequent, but smaller meals, a slower eating rate and increased attempts to visit unassigned feed bins. Energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield increased by 6.3% with fat supplementation, whereas ECM yield did not differ among diets including nitrate (FAT × NITRATE interaction). Cows supplemented with 3-NOP had 9.0% lower ECM yield than cows fed no 3-NOP. Based on three 2-way interactions including FAT, NITRATE, and 3-NOP, the combined use of the additives resulted in antagonistic effects on CH4 reduction. A 6% to 7% reduction in CH4 yield (CH4/kg of DMI) could be ascribed to the effect of fat, a 12% to 13% reduction could be ascribed to the effect of nitrate and an 18% to 23% reduction could be ascribed to the effect of 3-NOP. Hence, no combinations of additives resulted in CH4 yield-reductions that were greater than what was obtained by separate supplementation of the most potent additive within the combination. The CH4 yield reduction potential of additives was similar between parities. Increased apparent total-tract digestibility of organic matter (OM) in cows fed combinations including nitrate or 3-NOP was a result of a NITRATE × 3-NOP interaction. Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM was also increased by fat supplementation. These increases reflected observed decreases in DMI. In conclusion, combined use of fat, nitrate, and 3-NOP in all combinations did not result in CH4 reductions that were greater than separate supplementation of the most potent additive within the combination (3-NOP > nitrate > fat). Additionally, separate supplementation of some additives and combined use of all additives reduced DMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Maigaard
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Martin R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Marianne Johansen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Nicola Walker
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition & Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christer Ohlsson
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition & Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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20
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Gungor E, Altop A, Erener G. Effect of fermented tomato pomace on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13885. [PMID: 38221671 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation is a useful method for the utilization of the agri-industrial residues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tomato pomace (TP) and Aspergillus niger-fermented tomato pomace (FTP) on the growth performance, some carcass traits, antioxidant status, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 140 Ross 308 one-day-old male chicks were allocated to one of four treatment groups consisting of five replicates of seven chicks each. Chicks were fed ad libitum with the corn-soybean based basal diet (control), the basal diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg synthetic antioxidant, 10 g/kg TP or 10 g/kg FTP for 42 days. Dietary TP increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) but did not affect the growth performance. Dietary inclusion of FTP improved the feed conversion ratio and raised serum GPx and SOD. Carcass traits, malondialdehyde level, pH, and color of breast meat and cecal microflora were not affected by dietary treatments. The results of the study showed that TP can be used as a natural antioxidant in broiler diets without a detrimental effect on growth performance. Dietary FTP can be suggested as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants with beneficial effects on growth performance and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gungor
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aydin Altop
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Guray Erener
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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21
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Shin SY, Yoo SB, Song YS, Park N, Kim BG. Effects of a Bentonite Clay Product and a Preservative Blend on Ileal and Fecal Nutrient Digestibility in Pigs Fed Wheat Naturally Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3752. [PMID: 38136790 PMCID: PMC10741219 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to determine the effects of dietary deoxynivalenol (DON) on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients and to evaluate the efficacy of a bentonite (BEN) and a preservative blend (PB) product for alleviating DON effects on the nutrient digestibility of pigs. Twelve crossbred barrows with an initial body weight of 69.4 kg (standard deviation = 3.5) equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted a triplicated 4 × 2 incomplete Latin square design with four dietary treatments and two periods. Dietary treatments were (1) an uncontaminated diet, (2) a contaminated diet (CD) mainly based on contaminated wheat with 1.6 mg/kg DON, (3) CD + 0.25% PB consisting of preservation components as major sources, antioxidants, microorganisms, and amino acids (AA), and (4) CD + 0.25% BEN. The AID and ATTD of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, most minerals, and most AA were not affected by DON contamination. Dietary DON decreased the AID and ATTD of sodium (p < 0.05) but were restored by supplementing the PB product (p < 0.05). The AID of zinc was increased (p < 0.05) by dietary DON, but supplementing BEN decreased zinc digestibility (p < 0.05). The AID of Arg, Ile, Thr, and Asp was decreased (p < 0.05) by BEN addition. In conclusion, dietary DON affected the digestibility of some minerals but not AA in pigs. Supplemental BEN can negatively affect the nutrient digestibility of some minerals and AA in pigs. The addition of a PB product in pig diets can restore digestibility of sodium but not of other nutrients. Based on these observations, feed additives for alleviating DON effects on nutrient digestibility of pigs can be carefully selected by swine diet formulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beob Gyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (S.B.Y.); (Y.S.S.); (N.P.)
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22
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Abo El-Maaty H, Sherif S, Taha AE, Al-Otaibi AM, Othman SI, Allam AA, Mahrose K. Effects of housing systems and feed additive on growth, carcass traits, liver function, oxidative status, thyroid function, and immune parameters of broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103121. [PMID: 37852054 PMCID: PMC10591001 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of rearing Cobb500 broiler chickens under 3 different housing systems (floor litter, floor plastic, and batteries) without or with feed additive (Butinov) on broiler performance, blood parameters and carcass traits were evaluated. Three hundred 1-day-old chicks were distributed in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (6 treatments each of 5 replicates). The results showed that reared broilers on litter or plastic floors had high values (P ≤ 0.01) of bird's weight (BW), weight gain (WG), and feed intake (FI) throughout the entire study period (1-42 d of age) compared with rearing on batteries. Rearing broilers in the different housing systems and with or without feed additives did not affect (P ≥ 0.05) total feed conversion (FCR). Different rearing systems or feed additives did not influence broiler chicks' carcass traits and some serum blood parameters. The plastic floor system significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) blood serum corticosterone compared with litter and batteries. Feed additive (Butinov) decreased the level of T4 (P ≤ 0.05) in blood serum. Plastic floors or batteries significantly increased (P ≤ 0.01) the level of antibody titer against avian influenza virus (HIAV) compared to chicken reared on a litter floor. The results suggested that using housing systems of litter or plastic floors could improve broiler growth performance without adversely affecting carcass traits and blood characteristics compared with rearing in batteries. Also, broiler diets' feed additive (Butinov) and their interaction with rearing systems did not improve broiler growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam Abo El-Maaty
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sara Sherif
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, 22758 Edfina, Egypt.
| | - Aljohara M Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 13225, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah I Othman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt
| | - Khalid Mahrose
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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23
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Durjava M, Dusemund B, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Galobart J, Innocenti ML, Vettori MV, Radovnikovic A. Modification of the terms of authorisation of zinc-l-selenomethionine as a feed additive for all animal species (Zinpro Animal Nutrition (Europe), Inc.). EFSA J 2023; 21:e8459. [PMID: 38099052 PMCID: PMC10719749 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a new preparation of zinc-l-selenomethionine, with selenium content of 4%, as a nutritional feed additive for all animal species. Zinc-l-selenomethionine is already authorised for use in all animal species (3b818). Current authorisation defines the additive as 'Solid preparation of zinc-l-selenomethionine with a selenium content of 1-2 g/kg'. The applicant developed a new preparation of zinc-l-selenomethionine containing a minimum of 40 g Se/kg and seeks to modify the current authorisation. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the newly proposed preparation is considered safe for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel recommends adding, to the currently existing authorisation, a new preparation (40-46 g Se/kg) and not the range proposed by the applicant (1-46 g Se/kg), since no characterisation data on the intermediate preparation range (from 2 to 40 g Se/kg) have been provided. The use of the new preparation (minimum 40 g Se/kg) of zinc-l-selenomethionine in animal nutrition is of no concern for consumer safety. The newly proposed preparation presents a risk by inhalation; it is not irritant to eyes or skin. No conclusion can be reached regarding dermal sensitisation. The previous conclusion by the Panel on the safety for the environment remains unchanged. The Panel concluded that the modification request has no impact on efficacy.
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Omidi S, Bouyeh M, Seidavi A. The effect of vitamin C and aspirin supplementation on the performance of turkeys under normal conditions. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3395-3403. [PMID: 36448699 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2152037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin C and aspirin on the growth performance of turkeys under normal conditions. For this purpose, 288 male turkeys, BUT6 strain, were used from 1-day-old to 12 weeks of age in nine treatments with four replications and eight birds per replication, as a 3 × 3 factorial experiment [three levels of vitamin C (V; 0, 250, and 500 mg/kg feed), and three levels of aspirin (A; 0, 75, and 150 mg/kg feed)] in a completely randomized design. Our results demonstrated that supplementing with vitamin C and aspirin had no effect on plasma total protein and albumin levels, but the data revealed significant effects on total cholesterol, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the supplemental groups. Also, the interaction of vitamin C and aspirin significantly increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and abdominal fat pad. The results of this study indicated the beneficial effects of vitamin C and aspirin supplements may be related to changes in plasma lipids and body fat under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Omidi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bouyeh
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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Apdraim G, Sarsembayeva N, Lozowicka B. Effect of vermiculite feed additive on the chemical, mineral, and amino acid compositions of quail meat. Vet World 2023; 16:2431-2439. [PMID: 38328365 PMCID: PMC10844790 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2431-2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Poultry farming plays a significant role in providing the population with high-quality and cheap meat products. The development and success of this industry depend on the proper use of available feed. As a rule, feed additives should compensate for missing elements in livestock diets. This study investigated the effects of vermiculite feed additives on the chemical, amino acid, and mineral compositions of quail meat. Materials and Methods Texas Quail meat breed birds were randomly divided into three groups (35 heads each). Group I served as the control group, in which the birds were fed a standard diet without any supplements. The diet of Group II was supplemented with 3% vermiculite feed additive, whereas Group III received 5% vermiculite. The experiment was conducted over 120 days. Results Quails in the experimental groups contained less moisture, had more ash and protein, and were richer in calories in terms of energy value. In terms of mineral composition, the calcium concentrations were 9.9% and 16.5% higher in the in the Group I and II, respectively. Furthermore, the highest percentages of nonessential and essential amino acids were found in the 5% vermiculite group. In the meat of quails that received 5% vermiculite, cadmium and lead salt levels were 20%-25% lower than those in the control variant. Conclusion The results of our analyses confirmed that meeting the mineral requirements of quails improves animal productivity and meat product quality. Vermiculite as a feed additive improved the chemical, mineral, and amino acid compositions of quail meat when it was added to up to 5% of the feed dry matter. These results will help to improve the feed base of the poultry industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulbanu Apdraim
- Department of Veterinary Sanitary Examination and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurzhan Sarsembayeva
- Department of Veterinary Sanitary Examination and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bozena Lozowicka
- Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Bialystok, Poland
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Yaderets V, Karpova N, Glagoleva E, Shibaeva A, Dzhavakhiya V. Bacillus subtilis RBT-7/32 and Bacillus licheniformis RBT-11/17 as New Promising Strains for Use in Probiotic Feed Additives. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2729. [PMID: 38004741 PMCID: PMC10672880 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal functioning of a gastrointestinal microflora in poultry and livestock is of significant importance, since its imbalance negatively influences an organism's functions. In this study, the UV mutagenesis and selection were used to obtain two Bacillus strains possessing antagonistic activity towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and their potential as a probiotic feed additive was evaluated. Compared to the parental strains, the ability of B. subtilis RBT-7/32 and B. licheniformis RBT-11/17 strains to suppress E. coli increased by 77 and 63%, respectively; the corresponding ability of these strains to suppress S. aureus increased by 80 and 79%, respectively. RBT-11/17 could not utilize microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, whereas cellulolytic activity of RBT-7/32 was doubled compared to the initial strain. The amylolytic activity of new strains was increased by 40%. Cultivation of strains on media containing soybean, pea, and corn meal did not provide any difference in the biomass production compared to the control. The heating of a water suspension of a dried biomass of the strains for 10-20 min at 80 and 100 °C or incubation in water solutions of citric, ascorbic, acetic, and formic acids (pH 3.0) for 3 and 24 h at 40 °C did not provide any negative influence on the spore survivability. Both strains were evaluated for their resistance to a number of veterinary antibiotics. Thus, RBT-7/32 and RBT-11/17 strains have good prospects for use in feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Yaderets
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Industrial Microorganisms, Department of Biotechnology and Technology of Bioorganic Synthesis Products, Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Moscow 125080, Russia; (N.K.); (E.G.); (A.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Vakhtang Dzhavakhiya
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Industrial Microorganisms, Department of Biotechnology and Technology of Bioorganic Synthesis Products, Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Moscow 125080, Russia; (N.K.); (E.G.); (A.S.)
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Du H, Xing Y, Xu Y, Jin X, Yan S, Shi B. Dietary Artemisia Ordosica Polysaccharide Enhances Spleen and Intestinal Immune Response of Broiler Chickens. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1390. [PMID: 37997990 PMCID: PMC10669473 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The spleen and small intestines are the primary immune organs that provide important immunity against various diseases. Artemisia ordosica polysaccharide (AOP) could be used as an immunologic enhancer to boost immunity in response to infection. This study was performed to explore the effects of the dietary supplementation of AOP on the growth performance and spleen and small intestine immune function in broilers. A total of 288 AA broilers (1 day old) were randomly assigned into six dietary groups. Each group included six replicates of eight broilers per cage. The broilers were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0 mg/kg (CON), 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC), 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg AOP for 42 d. The results showed that dietary AOP supplementation affected broiler growth performance, with 750 and 1000 mg/kg of AOP being able to significantly improve broiler BWG, and 750 mg/kg of AOP was able to significantly reduce the FCR. The dietary AOP supplementation increased the levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-4 in the spleen and small intestine in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, we found that AOP can promote the mRNA expression of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling-pathway-related factors (TLR4, MyD88, P38 MAPK, JNK, NF-κB p50, and IL-1β). In addition, the dietary supplementation of 750 mg/kg AOP provides better immunity in the tissue than the CON group but showed no significant difference from the CTC group. Therefore, AOP has an immunoregulatory action and can modulate the immune function of broilers via the TLR4/ NF-ΚB/MAPK signal pathway. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 750 mg/kg AOP may be alternatives to antibiotics for enhancing broilers' health, immunity, and growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Binlin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.D.); (Y.X.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (S.Y.)
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Hasan MT, Kim HJ, Hur SW, Jeong SM, Kim KW, Lee S. Dietary Exogenous α-Amylase Modulates the Nutrient Digestibility, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Growth-Related Gene Expression, and Diet Degradation Rate of Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1390-1401. [PMID: 37463868 PMCID: PMC10619548 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2303.03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to characterize the effects of exogenous α-amylase on the growth, feed utilization, digestibility, plasma α-amylase activity, feed degradation rate, and fecal particle size of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Diet was supplemented with 0 (AA0; control), 100 (AA100), 200 (AA200), or 400 (AA400) mg/kg of α-amylase, respectively. Fish (273.1 ± 2.3 g) were stocked into 12 tanks (25 fish/1,000-L tank) and 3 tanks were randomly selected for each diet group. As a result, α-amylase was found to have no significant effects (p ≥ 0.05) on the growth, feed utilization parameters, and whole-body proximate compositions. α-Amylase-treated fish exhibited only a significant increase in the apparent digestibility coefficient of carbohydrates compared to the controls. In addition, in vitro analyses revealed that α-amylase dose-dependently increased (p < 0.05) the feed degradation rate, while photographs of the intestinal content after 2, 4, and 8 h of feeding demonstrated an improved degradation rate in the α-amylase-treated groups. Plasma α-amylase content was higher in the AA200 and AA400 groups, whereas the control group produced significantly larger-sized fecal particles (90% size class) than these two groups. In the intestine, no changes were observed in the expression levels of the immune-related TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, immunoglobulin-M, HSP-70, lysozyme, and amylase alpha-2A. However, growth-related genes IGF-1, IGF-2, TGF-β3, and growth hormone genes were upregulated in muscle tissues. Collectively, exogenous α-amylase has positive roles in the modulation of the digestibility coefficient, blood α-amylase concentration, growth-related gene expression, and diet degradation for improved digestion in olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tawheed Hasan
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
| | - Hyeon Jong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Mok Jeong
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
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Zhao JM, Li FQY, Li XY, Jiao DR, Liu XD, Lv XY, Zhao JX. Guanidinoacetic Acid Attenuates Adipogenesis through Regulation of miR-133a in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3108. [PMID: 37835715 PMCID: PMC10571753 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is an amino acid derivative, previously described in the skeletal muscle of vertebrates, that serves as an important regulator of cellular bioenergetics and has been widely used as a feed additive. Nevertheless, the effect of GAA on adipose tissue growth remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that dietary GAA negatively affected adipose tissue development in lambs. Lambs were individually fed diets with (0.09%) or without GAA for 70 d ad libitum, and the subcutaneous adipose tissues were sampled for analysis. The results showed that dietary GAA supplementation decreased the girth rib (GR) value (p < 0.01) of lamb carcasses. Both real-time PCR and Western blot analysis suggested that dietary GAA inhibited the expression of adipogenic markers, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ, p < 0.05), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα, p < 0.01) and sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1C, p < 0.01) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In vitro, GAA inhibited sheep stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell proliferation, which was associated with downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, p < 0.05), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK 4, p < 0.05) and cyclin D1 (p < 0.01). GAA suppressed adipogenesis of SVF cells. Furthermore, miRNA sequencing revealed that GAA affected the miRNA expression profile, and real-time PCR analysis confirmed that miR-133a expression in both subcutaneous adipose tissue and SVF cell was downregulated by GAA. Meanwhile, miR-133a promoted adipogenic differentiation of SVF cells by targeting Sirt1. miR-133a mimics alleviated the inhibitory effect of GAA on SVF cells' adipogenic differentiation. In summary, GAA attenuated adipogenesis of sheep SVF cells, which might occur through miR-133a-modulated Sirt1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China (X.-Y.L.); (D.-R.J.)
| | - Fan-Qin-Yu Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China (X.-Y.L.); (D.-R.J.)
| | - Xv-Ying Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China (X.-Y.L.); (D.-R.J.)
| | - Dan-Rong Jiao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China (X.-Y.L.); (D.-R.J.)
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiao-Yang Lv
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun-Xing Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China (X.-Y.L.); (D.-R.J.)
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Durjava M, Dusemund B, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Galobart J, Innocenti ML, Ortuño J, Pizzo F, Tarrés‐Call J, Vettori MV, Radovnikovic A. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of manganese(II)-betaine complex for all animal species (Biochem Zusatzstoffe Handels- und Produktionsges. mbH). EFSA J 2023; 21:e08362. [PMID: 37886611 PMCID: PMC10598629 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of manganese(II)-betaine complex as a nutritional feed additive for all animal species and categories. Based on the tolerance study performed in chickens, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive is safe for chickens for fattening when used up to the maximum proposed level of manganese in feed; this conclusion was extrapolated to all animal species and categories at the corresponding maximum manganese levels in complete feed (100 mg Mn/kg feed for fish and 150 mg Mn/kg feed for all other animal species). The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of additive in animal nutrition does not represent a concern for consumer safety or for the environment. The additive is irritant to the eyes, but not irritant to skin. Owing to the presence of nickel the additive is considered to be a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. The Panel concluded that the additive is efficacious as a nutritional additive for all animal species under the proposed conditions of use.
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Lazzari G, Münger A, Eggerschwiler L, Borda-Molina D, Seifert J, Camarinha-Silva A, Schrade S, Zähner M, Zeyer K, Kreuzer M, Dohme-Meier F. Effects of Acacia mearnsii added to silages differing in nutrient composition and condensed tannins on ruminal and manure-derived methane emissions of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6816-6833. [PMID: 37500448 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of acacia (extract of Acacia mearnsii) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) as condensed tannin (CT)-rich sources on ruminal and manure methane (CH4) emissions in comparison with non-CT silages characterized by different contents of the cell wall and water-soluble carbohydrates. In a 3 × 6 incomplete Latin square design, 30 Holstein cows (63 ± 23 d in milk; mean ± SD; 33.8 ± 7.6 kg of milk per day, body weight 642 ± 81 kg) were provided with ad libitum access to 1 of 6 total mixed rations comprising 790 g of silage and 210 g of concentrate per kilogram of dry matter (DM). The silages were either rich in sainfoin [neutral detergent fiber (NDF): 349 g/kg of DM], perennial ryegrass (NDF: 420 g/kg of DM), or red clover (NDF: 357 g/kg of DM). Each silage was supplemented with 20 g/kg (of total diet DM) of acacia or straw meal. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk composition and ruminal fluid characteristics and microbiota were analyzed. The individual ruminal CH4 production was determined using the GreenFeed system, and CH4 emissions from the manure of cows fed the same diets were measured in a parallel experiment over 30 d at 25°C using a dynamic flux chamber. The CT sources did not reduce CH4 yield or emission intensity. Acacia reduced milk production (from 26.3 to 23.2 kg/d) and DM intake (from 19.7 to 16.7 kg/d) when supplemented with ryegrass, and both CT sources reduced the milk protein content and yield. Acacia supplementation and ryegrass silage reduced the ruminal acetate:propionate ratio. Furthermore, during acacia treatment, the abundance of Methanobrevibacter archaea tended to be lower and that of Thermoplasmata was higher. Acacia reduced the CH4 emissions from manure for the ryegrass group by 17% but not for the sainfoin and clover groups. Feeding sainfoin silage resulted in the lowest manure-derived CH4 emissions (-47% compared with ryegrass). In conclusion, acacia reduced ruminal CH4 production by 10%, but not emission intensity, and the mitigation effect of sainfoin depended on the silage to which it was compared. Because mitigation was partially associated with animal productivity losses, careful evaluation is required before the implementation of tanniferous feeds in farm practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lazzari
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - A Münger
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - L Eggerschwiler
- Research Contracts Animals, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - D Borda-Molina
- Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Seifert
- Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Camarinha-Silva
- Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Schrade
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - M Zähner
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - K Zeyer
- Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - F Dohme-Meier
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland.
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Thorsteinsson M, Weisbjerg MR, Lund P, Bruhn A, Hellwing ALF, Nielsen MO. Effects of dietary inclusion of 3 Nordic brown macroalgae on enteric methane emission and productivity of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6921-6937. [PMID: 37641361 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae are receiving increased attention as antimethanogenic feed additives for cattle, but most in vivo studies are limited to investigating effects of the red macroalgae Asparagopsis spp. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the CH4 mitigating potential of 3 brown macroalgae from the Northern Hemisphere when fed to dairy cows, and to study the effects on feed intake, milk production, feed digestibility, and animal health indicators. The experiment was conducted as a 4 × 4 Latin square design using 4 lactating rumen, duodenal, and ileal cannulated Danish Holstein dairy cows. The cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) without any macroalgae or the same TMR diluted with, on a dry matter basis, either 4% ensiled Saccharina latissima, 4% Ascophyllum nodosum (NOD), or 2% Sargassum muticum (MUT). Each period consisted of 14 d of adaptation, 3 d of digesta and blood sampling, and 4 d of gas exchange measurements using respiration chambers. Milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily. Blood was sampled on d 13 and 16 and analyzed for health status indicators. None of the 3 species affected the CH4 emission. Moreover, milk yield and DMI were also unaffected. Total-tract digestibility of crude protein was significantly lower for NOD compared with other diets, and additionally, the NOD diet also tended to reduce total-tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber compared with MUT. Blood biomarkers did not indicate negative effects of the dietary inclusion of macroalgae on cow health. In conclusion, none of the 3 brown macroalgae reduced CH4 emission and did not affect DMI and milk production of dairy cows, whereas negative effects on the digestibility of nutrients were observed when A. nodosum was added. None of the diets would be allowed to be fed in commercial dairy herds due to high contents of iodine, cadmium, and arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thorsteinsson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU-Viborg, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE-Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO-Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - M R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU-Viborg, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE-Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO-Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - P Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU-Viborg, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE-Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO-Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - A Bruhn
- CBIO-Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A L F Hellwing
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU-Viborg, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M O Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU-Viborg, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE-Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Klobucher KN, Stahl TC, Islam T, Gray AS, Curreri SI, Erickson PS. Supplementing sodium butyrate to limit-fed heifers: Effects on growth, coccidiosis, urinary purine derivatives, and apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6894-6902. [PMID: 37210371 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the growth, apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients, the prevalence of coccidia, and purine derivatives in postweaning heifers when limit-fed a diet supplemented with sodium butyrate (SB). A 12 wk randomized complete block experiment was conducted using 24 Holstein heifers (92.8 d ± 1.9 d of age and initial body weight [BW] of 99.6 ± 15.2 kg [mean ± standard deviation]). Treatments were 100 g soybean meal (control; CON) and 0.75 g of SB/kg of BW + 100 g soybean meal (SB). Diets were formulated to contain 16.4% crude protein, 2.27 Mcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME), and fed at a feed out rate of 2.15% of BW on a dry matter basis. Intakes were recorded daily while growth measurements and BW were recorded weekly. Urine and fecal samples were taken every 2 wk. On d 42 through d 49 an apparent total-tract digestibility phase took place using acid detergent insoluble ash as a marker. Growth measurements were similar among treatments except CON heifers grew longer and tended to be taller at the withers. A trend was observed for CON animals to have lower levels of coccidian oocytes by week. Heifers fed SB had lower blood glucose levels and higher levels of ketones in their blood. Urinary volume was greater for heifers fed SB throughout the 12 wk study. Total purine derivatives were greater in CON heifers. Dry matter, organic matter and acid detergent fiber digestibilities were greater for heifers fed SB compared with CON heifers. Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ash digestibilities tended to be greater in heifers fed SB than in CON heifers. These results suggested no growth benefit of supplementing SB to limit-fed heifers; however, apparent total-tract fiber, ash, and crude protein digestibilities were improved in the SB fed heifers likely due to improved ruminal and intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Klobucher
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - T C Stahl
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - T Islam
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - A S Gray
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - S I Curreri
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - P S Erickson
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824.
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Yu F, Yu X, Liu R, Guo D, Deng Q, Liang B, Liu X, Dong H. Corrigendum: Dregs of Cardamine hupingshanensis as a feed additive to improve the egg quality. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1288837. [PMID: 37841409 PMCID: PMC10569750 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1288837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.915865.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Feike Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchen Liu
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Ou BR, Hsu MH, Haung LY, Lin CJ, Kuo LL, Tsai YT, Chang YC, Lin WY, Huang TC, Wu YC, Yeh JY, Liang YC. Systematic Myostatin Expression Screening Platform for Identification and Evaluation of Myogenesis-Related Phytogenic in Pigs. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1113. [PMID: 37892843 PMCID: PMC10604025 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle growth in livestock impacts meat quantity and quality. Concerns arise because certain feed additives, like beta-agonists, may affect food safety. Skeletal muscle is a specialized tissue consisting of nondividing and multinucleated muscle fibers. Myostatin (MSTN), a protein specific to skeletal muscle, is secreted and functions as a negative regulator of muscle mass by inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. To enhance livestock muscle growth, phytogenic feed additives could be an alternative as they inhibit MSTN activity. The objective of this study was to establish a systematic screening platform using MSTN activity to evaluate phytogenics, providing scientific evidence of their assessment and potency. In this study, we established a screening platform to monitor myostatin promoter activity in rat L8 myoblasts. Extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GUE), an oriental herbal medicine, was identified through this screening platform, and the active fractions of GUE were identified using a process-scale liquid column chromatography system. For in vivo study, GUE as a feed additive was investigated in growth-finishing pigs. The results showed that GUE significantly increased body weight, carcass weight, and lean content in pigs. Microbiota analysis indicated that GUE did not affect the composition of gut microbiota in pigs. In summary, this established rodent myoblast screening platform was used to identify a myogenesis-related phytogenic, GUE, and further demonstrated that the active fractions and compounds inhibited MSTN expression. These findings suggest a novel application for GUE in growth performance enhancement through modulation of MSTN expression. Moreover, this well-established screening platform holds significant potential for identifying and assessing a diverse range of phytogenics that contribute to the process of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Rung Ou
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (B.-R.O.); (L.-Y.H.); (T.-C.H.)
| | - Ming-Hua Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Ling-Ya Haung
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (B.-R.O.); (L.-Y.H.); (T.-C.H.)
| | - Chuan-Ju Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.)
| | - Li-Li Kuo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.)
| | - Yu-Ting Tsai
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (B.-R.O.); (L.-Y.H.); (T.-C.H.)
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.)
| | - Wen-Yuh Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (B.-R.O.); (L.-Y.H.); (T.-C.H.)
| | - Tsung-Chien Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (B.-R.O.); (L.-Y.H.); (T.-C.H.)
| | - Yun-Chu Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (B.-R.O.); (L.-Y.H.); (T.-C.H.)
| | - Jan-Ying Yeh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.)
- College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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Xu Q, Ren M, Wang L, Yamamoto FY, Qi C. Editorial: Aquatic nutrition and intestine immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274213. [PMID: 37781381 PMCID: PMC10540084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyou Xu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fernando Y. Yamamoto
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, United States
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Changle Qi
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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Hosseini S, Brenig B, Winitchakorn S, Kanmanee C, Srinual O, Tapingkae W, Gatphayak K. Genetic assessment of the effect of red yeast ( Sporidiobolus pararoseus) as a feed additive on mycotoxin toxicity in laying hens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1254569. [PMID: 37744913 PMCID: PMC10512063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic fungal species produce hazardous substances known as mycotoxins. Consumption of mycotoxin contaminated feed and food causes a variety of dangerous diseases and can even lead to death of animals and humans, raising global concerns for adverse health effects. To date, several strategies have been developed to counteract with mycotoxin contamination. Red yeast as a novel biological dietary agent is a promising strategy to eliminate mycotoxicity in living organisms. Poultry are most susceptible animals to mycotoxin contamination, as they are fed a mixture of grains and are at higher risk of co-exposure to multiple toxic fungal substances. Therefore, this study investigated the genetic mechanism underlying long-term feeding with red yeast supplementation in interaction with multiple mycotoxins using transcriptome profiling (RNA_Seq) in the liver of laying hens. The results showed a high number of significantly differentially expressed genes in liver of chicken fed with a diet contaminated with mycotoxins, whereas the number of Significantly expressed genes was considerably reduced when the diet was supplemented with red yeast. The expression of genes involved in the phase I (CYP1A1, CYP1A2) and phase II (GSTA2, GSTA3, MGST1) detoxification process was downregulated in animals fed with mycotoxins contaminated diet, indicating suppression of the detoxification mechanisms. However, genes involved in antioxidant defense (GSTO1), apoptosis process (DUSP8), and tumor suppressor (KIAA1324, FBXO47, NME6) were upregulated in mycotoxins-exposed animals, suggesting activation of the antioxidant defense in response to mycotoxicity. Similarly, none of the detoxification genes were upregulated in hens fed with red yeast supplemented diet. However, neither genes involved in antioxidant defense nor tumor suppressor genes were expressed in the animals exposed to the red yeast supplemented feed, suggesting decreases the adsorption of biologically active mycotoxins in the liver of laying hens. We conclude that red yeast can act as a mycotoxin binder to decrease the adsorption of mycotoxins in the liver of laying hens and can be used as an effective strategy in the poultry feed industry to eliminate the adverse effects of mycotoxins for animals and increase food safety for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrbanou Hosseini
- Molecular Biology of Livestock and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Molecular Biology of Livestock and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Chanidapha Kanmanee
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Orranee Srinual
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kesinee Gatphayak
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Branco-Lopes R, Bernal-Córdoba C, Valldecabres A, Winder C, Canozzi ME, Silva-Del-Río N. Characterization of controlled trials on probiotic supplementation to dairy calves: A scoping review. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5388-5401. [PMID: 37331870 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this scoping review was to identify, describe, and characterize the literature on probiotic supplementation in dairy calves. Eligible studies were nonrandomized, quasi-randomized and randomized controlled trials in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that evaluated the effect of probiotic supplementation on growth and health of dairy calves. The search strategies were based on a modification of the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) framework and used synonyms and words related to "dairy calves" (population), "probiotics" (intervention), and "growth and health measurements" (outcomes). No restrictions for publication year or language were applied. Searches were conducted in Biosis, CAB Abstracts, Medline, Scopus, and the Dissertations and Theses Database. In total, the search identified 4,467 records, of which 103 studies (110 controlled trials) met the inclusion criteria. The studies were published between 1980 and 2021 and originated from 28 countries. Trials were randomized (80.0%), nonrandomized (16.4%), and quasi-randomized (3.6%), ranging in sample size from 5 to 1,801 dairy calves (mode = 24; average = 64). Enrolled calves were frequently Holstein (74.5%), males (43.6%), and younger than 15 d at the beginning of probiotic supplementation (71.8%). Often, trials were conducted in research facilities (47.3%). Trials evaluated probiotics with single or multiple species of the same genus: Lactobacillus (26.4%), Saccharomyces (15.4%), Bacillus (10.0%), Enterococcus (3.6%), or multiple species of various genera (31.8%). Eight trials did not report the probiotic species used. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecium were the species most supplemented to calves. The duration of probiotic supplementation ranged from 1 to 462 d (mode = 56; average = 50). In trials with a constant dose, it ranged from 4.0 × 106 to 3.7 × 1011 cfu/calf per day. Most probiotics were administered mixed solely into feed (88.5%; whole milk, milk replacer, starter, or total mixed ration) and less frequently orally as a drench or oral paste (7.9%). Most trials evaluated weight gain (88.2%) as a growth indicator and fecal consistency score (64.5%) as a health indicator. Our scoping review summarizes the breadth of controlled trials evaluating probiotic supplementation in dairy calves. Differences in intervention design (mode of probiotic administration, dose, and duration of probiotic supplementation) and outcomes evaluation (type and methods) justify future efforts toward standardized guidelines in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Branco-Lopes
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - C Bernal-Córdoba
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - A Valldecabres
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
| | - C Winder
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - M E Canozzi
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa Producción de Carne y Lana, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay, 70000
| | - N Silva-Del-Río
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA 93274; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
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Sánchez-Moya A, Balbuena-Pecino S, Vélez EJ, Perelló-Amorós M, García-Meilán I, Fontanillas R, Calduch-Giner JÀ, Pérez-Sánchez J, Fernández-Borràs J, Blasco J, Gutiérrez J. Cysteamine improves growth and the GH/IGF axis in gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata): in vivo and in vitro approaches. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1211470. [PMID: 37547324 PMCID: PMC10400459 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1211470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production sector and nowadays provides more food than extractive fishing. Studies focused on the understanding of how teleost growth is regulated are essential to improve fish production. Cysteamine (CSH) is a novel feed additive that can improve growth through the modulation of the GH/IGF axis; however, the underlying mechanisms and the interaction between tissues are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CSH inclusion in diets at 1.65 g/kg of feed for 9 weeks and 1.65 g/kg or 3.3 g/kg for 9 weeks more, on growth performance and the GH/IGF-1 axis in plasma, liver, stomach, and white muscle in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings (1.8 ± 0.03 g) and juveniles (14.46 ± 0.68 g). Additionally, the effects of CSH stimulation in primary cultured muscle cells for 4 days on cell viability and GH/IGF axis relative gene expression were evaluated. Results showed that CSH-1.65 improved growth performance by 16% and 26.7% after 9 and 18 weeks, respectively, while CSH-3.3 improved 32.3% after 18 weeks compared to control diet (0 g/kg). However, no significant differences were found between both experimental doses. CSH reduced the plasma levels of GH after 18 weeks and increased the IGF-1 ones after 9 and 18 weeks. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of the ghr-1, different igf-1 splice variants, igf-2 and the downregulation of the igf-1ra and b, depending on the tissue and dose. Myocytes stimulated with 200 µM of CSH showed higher cell viability and mRNA levels of ghr1, igf-1b, igf-2 and igf-1rb compared to control (0 µM) in a similar way to white muscle. Overall, CSH improves growth and modulates the GH/IGF-1 axis in vivo and in vitro toward an anabolic status through different synergic ways, revealing CSH as a feasible candidate to be included in fish feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Sánchez-Moya
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Balbuena-Pecino
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio J. Vélez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Perelló-Amorós
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene García-Meilán
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Àlvar Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)), Castellón, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)), Castellón, Spain
| | - Jaume Fernández-Borràs
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Blasco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Trotta RJ, Kreikemeier KK, Foote S, McLeod KR, Harmon DL. Influence of Anti-Coccidial Compounds and Phytogenic Saponin Extracts on In Vitro and In Vivo Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Production of Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2308. [PMID: 37508084 PMCID: PMC10376241 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Four experiments were conducted to evaluate sources of anti-coccidial compounds and phytogenic saponin extracts on in vitro and in vivo ruminal fermentation and CH4 production at multiple inclusion levels. In experiment 1, eight steers were fed either a finishing diet or a finishing diet supplemented with 0.5 mg/kg BW decoquinate (DCQ) and 3.33 mg/kg BW Yucca schidigera extract (YSE), and respiratory gas exchange was measured. In experiment 2, four ruminally-cannulated steers were fed the same treatments as experiment 1, and ruminal fermentation was evaluated. Anti-coccidial sources (experiment 3; monensin, DCQ, amprolium) and saponin sources (experiment 4; YSE, Quillaja saponaria extract) and levels were evaluated for effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation and CH4 production. DCQ + YSE supplementation did not influence (p ≥ 0.24) in vivo respiratory gas consumption/production, in situ DM degradation, or liquid passage kinetics. Ruminal propionate proportion tended to increase (p = 0.09) with DCQ + YSE. Monensin decreased (p ≤ 0.04) in vitro acetate:propionate and CH4 production; saponin supplementation linearly increased (p < 0.01) propionate proportion but did not influence (p ≥ 0.38) in vitro CH4 production. Saponins and non-antibiotic anti-coccidials did not influence in vitro or in vivo CH4 production with finishing diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Trotta
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | | | - Scott Foote
- Hoxie Feedyard, Foote Cattle Co., Hoxie, KS 67740, USA
| | - Kyle R McLeod
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - David L Harmon
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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Basmaeil SM, Suliman GM, Al Garadi MA, Al-Badwi MA, Abdelrahman MM, Al-Harbi FS, El-Waziry AM, Alhidary IA, Swelum AA. Effects of increasing levels of lasalocid supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry, ruminal fermentation profile, in vitro nutrient digestibility, and gas production of growing goats. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1181426. [PMID: 37377948 PMCID: PMC10291122 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1181426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lasalocid is a feed additive widely used in ruminant nutrition and plays a crucial role in improving livestock productivity, digestibility, immunity, and overall wellbeing. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of lasalocid (LAS) supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry, ruminal fermentation profile, in vitro nutrient digestibility, and gas production of growing goats. Methods A total of 60 growing Aardi male goats with an average body weight of ~17.12 kg (3-month-old) were used for an 84-day trial. Animals were randomly divided into four treatment groups with 5 replicates of 3 goats each. All four groups were provided with a basal diet supplemented with lasalocid (LAS) at 0 (without supplementation; LAS0), 10 (LAS10), 20 (LAS20), or 30 (LAS30) ppm LAS/kg dry matter (DM). Feed intake was measured weekly, and goats were weighed every 2 weeks for an evaluation of the performance parameters. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of biochemical variables. In vitro nutrient digestibility and gas production were evaluated. Results and discussion The supplementation of LAS at level 30 ppm/kg DM increased (P < 0.05) the body weight gain and average daily gain without linear or quadratic effect. The serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the LAS20 group than in other groups with linear and quadratic effects, while low-density lipoprotein concentration was significantly lower in the LAS20 group than in LAS0 and LAS30 with a linear effect. Different levels of lasalocid supplementation had no effect on the ruminal fermentation profile, in vitro gas production, and nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, the addition of LAS (20-30 ppm/kg DM) to the goat's diet can improve the growth performance and lipoprotein profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid M. Basmaeil
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin M. Suliman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A. Al Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Badwi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutassim M. Abdelrahman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S. Al-Harbi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Waziry
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Holczknecht O, Innocenti M, Manini P, Vettori MV, Radovnikovic A. Assessment of the feed additive consisting of thaumatin for all animal species for the renewal of its authorisation (ADISSEO France S.A.S.). EFSA J 2023; 21:e08077. [PMID: 37313318 PMCID: PMC10258720 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for the renewal of authorisation of thaumatin as a sensory additive (flavouring compound) for all animal species. The applicant requested a change in the authorising regulation for the minimum content of nitrogen and protein in the specification of the additive. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) confirms that the use of thaumatin under the current authorised conditions of use is safe for the target species, the consumers and the environment. This conclusion can be extended to the newly proposed specification. Due to its proteinaceous nature, the additive is considered to be a respiratory sensitiser. Thaumatin is not irritant to the eyes and the skin. In the absence of data, no conclusion on skin sensitisation could be made. The proposed modification of the specification of the additive is not considered to have an impact on the efficacy of thaumatin.
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McNeil BK, Renaud DL, Steele MA, Keunen AJ, DeVries TJ. Effects of Echinacea purpurea supplementation on markers of immunity, health, intake, and growth of dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00299-0. [PMID: 37268577 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea (EP) is an herb that has demonstrated immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects with the potential to improve immunity, health, and performance in animals. The objective of this study was to investigate how supplementing calves with EP affects their blood immunity marker profile, health, intake, and growth. Male Holstein calves (n = 240), sourced from local dairy farms or auction, arrived at a rearing facility between 5 and 14 d of age and were kept in individual pens in 1 of 3 rooms (80/room) for 56 d, and then put into groups for the remaining 21 d of the trial. Calves received milk replacer (MR) 2× per day for 56 d (total = 36 kg of MR) and had ab libitum water and starter access. Within room, calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) control (n = 80), (2) 3g of dried (powder) EP extract per day split over 2 milk feedings from experiment d 14-28 (n = 80), and (3) 3 g of dried (powder) EP extract per day split over 2 milk feedings from experiment d 1-56 (E56; n = 80). The powdered EP treatments were mixed into the liquid MR. On d 1, 14, 28, and 57 rectal temperatures and blood were collected from a subset of calves (n = 117; 39 calves/treatment), and blood serum was assessed for serum total protein (d 1), haptoglobin, white blood cells, and cytokines. Failed transfer of passive immunity was defined as serum total protein <5.2 g/dL. Calves were health scored 2× per day, receiving fecal and respiratory scores until d 28 and 77, respectively. Calves were weighed on arrival and then weekly until d 77. Milk replacer and feed refusals were recorded. Supplementation of EP was associated with lower haptoglobin levels, segmented neutrophil counts, segmented neutrophil per lymphocyte ratio, respiratory scores in auction derived calves, and higher lymphocyte counts and d 28 rectal temperature. Of calves with heavier arrival body weight, E56 calves had greater postweaning weekly body weight. There was no detected effect of EP supplementation on total white blood cells, band neutrophil, monocyte, and basophil counts, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, fecal scores, risk of receiving diarrhea and respiratory treatment, risk of bovine respiratory disease (calves were deemed at risk for bovine respiratory disease if they had at least 1 respiratory score ≥5), risk of mortality, MR and feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. Overall, EP supplementation to dairy calves was associated with immunomodulation and reduced inflammation, evidenced through blood markers, although only few minor health and growth improvements were observed. Benefits were observed particularly when fed across the whole milk feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K McNeil
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A J Keunen
- Mapleview Agri Ltd., Palmerston, ON, N0G 2P0, Canada
| | - T J DeVries
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Prasad S, Streit B, Gruber C, Gonaus C. Enzymatic degradation of ochratoxin A in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets. J Anim Sci 2023:7176388. [PMID: 37220904 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal feeds are often contaminated with ochratoxin A (OTA), a potent natural mycotoxin hazardous to animal and human health that accumulates in blood and tissues. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the in vivo application of an enzyme (OTA amidohydrolase; OAH) that degrades OTA into the non-toxic molecules phenylalanine and ochratoxin α (OTα) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs. Piglets were fed six experimental diets over 14 days, varying in OTA contamination level (50 or 500 μg/kg; OTA50 and OTA500) and presence of OAH; a negative control diet (no OTA added) and a diet containing OTα at 318 µg/kg. The absorption of OTA and OTα into the systemic circulation (plasma and dried blood spots, DBS), their accumulation in kidney, liver, and muscle tissues and in the digesta content of the GIT, and excretion through feces and urine were assessed. At the end of the trial, accumulation of OTA in blood was significantly higher in OTA groups (OTA50 and OTA500) in comparison to enzyme groups (OAH50 and OAH500, respectively). The supplementation of OAH explicitly reduced the absorption of OTA (P < 0.005) into plasma by 54% and 59% (from 40.53 ± 3.53 to 18.66 ± 2.28 ng/mL in piglets fed the 50 μg OTA/kg diets and from 413.50 ± 71.88 to 168.35 ± 41.02 ng/mL in piglets fed the 500 μg OTA/kg diets, respectively) and in DBS by 50% and 53% (from 22.79 ± 2.63 to 10.67 ± 1.93 ng/mL in piglets fed the 50 μg OTA/kg diets and from 232.85 ± 35.16 to 105.71 ± 24.18 ng/mL in piglets fed the 500 μg OTA/kg diets, respectively). The OTA concentrations in plasma were positively associated with the OTA levels detected in all tissues analyzed; adding OAH reduced OTA levels in the kidney, liver, and muscle (P < 0.005) by 52%, 67%, and 59%, respectively. The analysis of GIT digesta content showed that OAH supplementation led to OTA degradation in the proximal GIT where natural hydrolysis is inefficient. Overall, the data of present in-vivo study demonstrate that supplementation of swine feeds with OAH successfully reduced OTA levels in blood (plasma and DBS) as well as in kidney, liver, and muscle tissues. Therefore, an approach to use enzyme as feed additive might be most promising to mitigate the harmful effects of OTA on the productivity and welfare of pigs and at the same time improving the safety of pig-derived food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreenath Prasad
- BIOMIN Research Center, DSM Animal Nutrition & Health, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Barbara Streit
- BIOMIN Research Center, DSM Animal Nutrition & Health, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Christina Gruber
- BIOMIN Research Center, DSM Animal Nutrition & Health, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Christoph Gonaus
- BIOMIN Research Center, DSM Animal Nutrition & Health, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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Dittoe DK, Johnson CN, Byrd JA, Ricke SC, Piva A, Grilli E, Swaggerty CL. Impact of a Blend of Microencapsulated Organic Acids and Botanicals on the Microbiome of Commercial Broiler Breeders under Clinical Necrotic Enteritis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101627. [PMID: 37238057 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, the supplementation of a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and botanicals improved the health and performance of broiler breeders under non-challenged conditions. This study aimed to determine if the microencapsulated blend impacted dysbiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler breeders. Day-of-hatch chicks were assigned to non-challenge and challenge groups, provided a basal diet supplemented with 0 or 500 g/MT of the blend, and subjected to a laboratory model for NE. On d 20-21, jejunum/ileum content were collected for microbiome sequencing (n = 10; V4 region of 16S rRNA gene). The experiment was repeated (n = 3), and data were analyzed in QIIME2 and R. Alpha and beta diversity, core microbiome, and compositional differences were determined (significance at p ≤ 0.05; Q ≤ 0.05). There was no difference between richness and evenness of those fed diets containing 0 and 500 g/MT microencapsulated blend, but differences were seen between the non-challenged and challenged groups. Beta diversity of the 0 and 500 g/MT non-challenged groups differed, but no differences existed between the NE-challenged groups. The core microbiome of those fed 500 g/MT similarly consisted of Lactobacillus and Clostridiaceae. Furthermore, challenged birds fed diets containing 500 g/MT had a higher abundance of significantly different phyla, namely, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota, than the 0 g/MT challenged group. Dietary supplementation of a microencapsulated blend shifted the microbiome by supporting beneficial and core taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K Dittoe
- Animal Science Department, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Casey N Johnson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - James A Byrd
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 1933 Observatory Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andrea Piva
- DIMEVET, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro S.p.A., Via Porro 2, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- DIMEVET, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro Inc., 17 East Monroe St. Suite 179, Chicago, IL 60603, USA
| | - Christina L Swaggerty
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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Yoo Y, Lee J, Cho J, Yoon Y. Antimicrobial properties of Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains for control of Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains, diarrhoea cause in weaning pigs. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:191-199. [PMID: 37982025 PMCID: PMC10581512 DOI: 10.17221/112/2022-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to use lactic acid bacteria isolated from piglet faeces to develop probiotics, allowing for the effective control of Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the faeces of suckling piglets and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, then examined for haemolysis; gelatinase activity; and resistance to acid, bile, and pancreatin. The antimicrobial activity of selected lactic acid bacteria isolates was examined for 8 E. coli and 7 Salmonella strains. One-hundred and sixty-four lactic acid bacteria isolates were identified from 118 piglet faecal samples, and 13 lactic acid bacteria isolates were selected from analyses of haemolysis; gelatinase activity; and resistance to acid, bile, and pancreatin. Of the selected 13 lactic acid bacteria isolates, Limosilactobacillus reuteri PF20-3 and PF30-3 strains had the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli and Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjeong Yoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jinho Cho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bugoni M, Takiya CS, Grigoletto NTS, Vittorazzi Júnior PC, Nunes AT, Chesini RG, da Silva GG, Durman T, Pettigrew JE, Rennó FP. Feeding amylolytic and proteolytic exogenous enzymes: Effects on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and performance in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3192-3202. [PMID: 36907755 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous enzymes are added to diets to improve nutrient utilization and feed efficiency. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary exogenous enzyme products with amylolytic (Amaize, Alltech) and proteolytic (Vegpro, Alltech) activity on performance, excretion of purine derivatives, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. A total of 24 Holstein cows, 4 of which were ruminally cannulated (161 ± 88 d in milk, 681 ± 96 body weight, and 35.2 ± 5.2 kg/d of milk yield), were blocked by milk yield, days in milk, and body weight, and then distributed in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Experimental periods lasted 21 d, of which the first 14 d were allowed for treatment adaptation and the last 7 d were used for data collection. Treatments were as follows: (1) control (CON) with no feed additives, (2) amylolytic enzyme product added at 0.5 g/kg diet dry matter (DM; AML), (3) amylolytic enzyme product at 0.5 g/kg of diet DM and proteolytic enzyme product at 0.2 g/kg of diet DM (low level; APL), and (4) amylolytic enzyme products added at 0.5 g/kg diet DM and proteolytic enzyme product at 0.4 g/kg of diet DM (high level; APH). Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute Inc.). Differences between treatments were analyzed by orthogonal contrasts: CON versus all enzyme groups (ENZ); AML versus APL+APH; and APL versus APH. Dry matter intake was not affected by treatments. Sorting index for feed particles with size <4 mm was lower for ENZ group than for CON. Total-tract apparent digestibility of DM and nutrients (organic matter, starch, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, and ether extract) were similar between CON and ENZ. Starch digestibility was greater in cows fed APL and APH treatments (86.3%) compared with those in the AML group (83.6%). Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was greater in APH cows compared with those in the APL group (58.1 and 55.2%, respectively). Ruminal pH and NH3-N concentration were not affected by treatments. Molar percentage of propionate tended to be greater in cows fed ENZ treatments than in those fed CON. Molar percentage of propionate was greater in cows fed AML than those fed the blends of amylase and protease (19.2 and 18.5%, respectively). Purine derivative excretions in urine and milk were similar in cows fed ENZ and CON. Uric acid excretion tended to be greater in cows consuming APL and APH than in those in the AML group. Serum urea N concentration tended to be greater in cows fed ENZ than in those fed CON. Milk yield was greater in cows fed ENZ treatments compared with CON (32.0, 33.1, 33.1, and 33.3 kg/d for CON, AML, APL, and APH, respectively). Fat-corrected milk and lactose yields were higher when feeding ENZ. Feed efficiency tended to be greater in cows fed ENZ than in those fed CON. Feeding ENZ benefited cows' performance, whereas the effects on nutrient digestibility were more pronounced when the combination of amylase and protease was fed at the highest dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Bugoni
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Caio S Takiya
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Nathalia T S Grigoletto
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alanne T Nunes
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Chesini
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G da Silva
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco P Rennó
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil.
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Peng R, Zhang W, Wang Y, Deng Y, Wang B, Gao J, Li Z, Wang L, Fu X, Xu J, Han H, Tian Y, Yao Q. Genetic engineering of complex feed enzymes into barley seed for direct utilization in animal feedstuff. Plant Biotechnol J 2023; 21:560-573. [PMID: 36448454 PMCID: PMC9946151 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Currently, feed enzymes are primarily obtained through fermentation of fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Although the manufacturing technology for feed enzymes has evolved rapidly, the activities of these enzymes decline during the granulating process and the cost of application has increased over time. An alternative approach is the use of genetically modified plants containing complex feed enzymes for direct utilization in animal feedstuff. We co-expressed three commonly used feed enzymes (phytase, β-glucanase, and xylanase) in barley seeds using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method and generated a new barley germplasm. The results showed that these enzymes were stable and had no effect on the development of the seeds. Supplementation of the basal diet of laying hens with only 8% of enzyme-containing seeds decreased the quantities of indigestible carbohydrates, improved the availability of phosphorus, and reduced the impact of animal production on the environment to an extent similar to directly adding exogenous enzymes to the feed. Feeding enzyme-containing seeds to layers significantly increased the strength of the eggshell and the weight of the eggs by 10.0%-11.3% and 5.6%-7.7% respectively. The intestinal microbiota obtained from layers fed with enzyme-containing seeds was altered compared to controls and was dominated by Alispes and Rikenella. Therefore, the transgenic barley seeds produced in this study can be used as an ideal feedstuff for use in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri‐He Peng
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Wen‐Hui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Yong‐Dong Deng
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐Jie Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Zhen‐Jun Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Yan Fu
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Hong‐Juan Han
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Yong‐Sheng Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Quan‐Hong Yao
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
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Abstract
Background: The overall prevalence of diabetes in the world has risen substantially in the past several decades, so have complications and mortalities associated with it. Aim: Prevention strategies for diabetes thus become an urgent public health need for reducing the burden of diabetes. Methods: Ractopamine, a β1/2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been approved for use in finishing swine, cattle, and turkey in countries where meat exporting brings tremendous economic benefits. This leanness enhancer is recently found to be a full agonist at trace amine-associated receptor 1 also. A thorough literature review was performed to assess possible effects of ractopamine on glucose metabolism. Results: Activating β-adrenoceptor could lead to glucose-lowering effects independent of insulin while activation on trace amine-associated receptor 1 induces an incretin-like signaling on insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. Conclusion: Accordingly, it is hypothesized that long-term consuming meat containing ractopamine might lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S Fan
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taitung Hospital, Taitung County, Taiwan
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50
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Sureshbabu A, Smirnova E, Karthikeyan A, Moniruzzaman M, Kalaiselvi S, Nam K, Goff GL, Min T. The impact of curcumin on livestock and poultry animal's performance and management of insect pests. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1048067. [PMID: 36816192 PMCID: PMC9936197 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1048067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based natural products are alternative to antibiotics that can be employed as growth promoters in livestock and poultry production and attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for insect pest management. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol compound from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma spp.) and has been suggested to have a number of therapeutic benefits in the treatment of human diseases. It is also credited for its nutritional and pesticide properties improving livestock and poultry production performances and controlling insect pests. Recent studies reported that curcumin is an excellent feed additive contributing to poultry and livestock animal growth and disease resistance. Also, they detailed the curcumin's growth-inhibiting and insecticidal activity for reducing agricultural insect pests and insect vector-borne human diseases. This review aims to highlight the role of curcumin in increasing the growth and development of poultry and livestock animals and in controlling insect pests. We also discuss the challenges and knowledge gaps concerning curcumin use and commercialization as a feed additive and insect repellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sureshbabu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Elena Smirnova
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Adhimoolam Karthikeyan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Senthil Kalaiselvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiwoong Nam
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Gaelle Le Goff
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Taesun Min ✉
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