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Huot F, Claveau S, Bunel A, Warner D, Santschi DE, Gervais R, Paquet ER. Predicting subacute ruminal acidosis from milk mid-infrared estimated fatty acids and machine learning on Canadian commercial dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00984-6. [PMID: 38971559 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Our objective was to validate the possibility of detecting SARA from milk Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy estimated fatty acids (FA) and machine learning. Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common condition in modern commercial dairy herds for which the diagnostic remains challenging due to its symptoms often being subtle, nonexclusive, and not immediately apparent. This observational study aimed at evaluating the possibility of predicting SARA by developing machine learning models to be applied to farm data and to provide an estimated portrait of SARA prevalence in commercial dairy herds. A first data set composed of 488 milk samples of 67 cows (initial DIM = 8.5 ± 6.18; mean ± SD) from 7 commercial dairy farms and their corresponding SARA classification (SARA+ if rumen pH <6.0 for 300 min, else SARA-) was used for the development of machine learning models. Three sets of predictive variables: i) milk major components (MMC), ii) milk FA (MFA), and iii) MMC combined with MFA (MMCFA) were submitted to 3 different algorithms, namely Elastic net (EN), Extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and Partial least squares (PLS), and evaluated using 3 different scenarios of cross-validation. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the resulting 27 models were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Model performance was not significantly affected by the choice of algorithm. Model performance was improved by including fatty acids estimations (MFA and MMCFA as opposed to MMC alone). Based on these results, one model was selected (algorithm: EN; predictive variables: MMCFA; 60.4, 65.4, and 55.3% of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively) and applied to a large data set comprising the first test-day record (milk major components and FA within the first 70 DIM of 211,972 Holstein cows (219,503 samples) collected from 3001 commercial dairy herds. Based on this analysis, the within-herd SARA prevalence of commercial farms was estimated at 6.6 ± 5.29% ranging from 0 to 38.3%. A subsequent linear mixed model was built to investigate the herd-level factors associated to higher within-herd SARA prevalence. Milking system, proportion of primiparous cows, herd size and seasons were all herd-level factors affecting SARA prevalence. Furthermore, milk production was positively, and milk fat yield negatively associated with SARA prevalence. Due to their moderate levels of accuracy, the SARA prediction models developed in our study, using data from continuous pH measurements on commercial farms, are not suitable for diagnostic purpose. However, these models can provide valuable information at the herd level.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Huot
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut intelligence et données, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche en données massives, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - A Bunel
- Agrinova, Alma, QC, G8B 7S8, Canada
| | - D Warner
- Lactanet, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3R4, Canada
| | - D E Santschi
- Lactanet, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3R4, Canada
| | - R Gervais
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - E R Paquet
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut intelligence et données, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche en données massives, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Wu F, Ji P, Yang H, Zhu X, Wu X. Interpretation of the effects of rumen acidosis on the gut microbiota and serum metabolites in calves based on 16S rDNA sequencing and non-target metabolomics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1427763. [PMID: 39006744 PMCID: PMC11239342 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1427763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rumen acidosis is one of the most common diseases in beef cattle. It severely affects the normal development of calves and poses a significant threat to the farming industry. However, the influence of rumen acidosis on the gut microbiota and serum metabolites of calves is currently unclear. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the gut microbiota and serum metabolites in calves after rumen acidosis and analyse the correlation. Methods Eight calves were selected as the rumen acidosis group, and eight health calves were selected as the healthy group. The faecal gut microbiota and serum metabolites of calves were detected respectively using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and non-target metabolomics. The correlation between gut microbiota and serum metabolites was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results Differential analysis of the diversity and composition of gut microbiota between eight male healthy (Health) and eight male rumen acidosis (Disease) calves revealed that rumen acidosis increased the abundance of the gut microbiota in calves. At the phylum level, compared to the Healthy group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the Disease group significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Desulfobacterota significantly increased in the Disease group (P<0.05). At the genus level, compared to the Disease group, the relative abundance of Alloprevotella, Muribaculaceae, Succinivibrio, Prevotella, Agathobacter and Parabacteroides significantly increased in the Healthy group (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7 and Monoglobus significantly decreased in the Healthy group (P<0.05). Differential analysis results showed the Healthy group had 23 genera with higher abundance, while the Disease group had 47 genera with higher abundance. Serum metabolomics results revealed the differential metabolites associated with rumen acidosis, including nicotinamide, niacin, L-glutamic acid and carnosine, were mainly enriched in the nicotinate and nicotinamide pathway and the histidine pathway. Conclusion The occurrence of rumen acidosis can induce changes in the gut microbiota of calves, with a significant increase of the Christensenellaceae_R-7 genus and a significant decrease of Prevotella and Succinivibrio genera. In addition, the occurrence of rumen acidosis can also induce changes in serum metabolites including niacin, niacinamide, L-glutamine, and carnosine, which may serve as the diagnostic biomarkers of rumen acidosis of calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haochi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Zhangye Wanhe Grass Livestock Industry Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Zhangye, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Bomfim LEDLM, Nascimento KDS, Calaça AMDM, Silva LDOM, Arnhold E, Couto VRM, Barreto YM, Mari LJ, Santos MC, Marine G, Chevaux E, Fernandes JJDR. Supplementation with live Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii during the initial 42 days of the feedlot phase in Nellore beef cattle. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae097. [PMID: 39070985 PMCID: PMC11282956 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 supplementation during the initial feeding period on the performance of Nellore bulls in a feedlot system. One hundred ninety-eight Nellore bulls were used in a completely randomized block design, with blocking based on weight within each treatment group: light (331.4 kg; 4 pens), medium (349.7 kg; 4 pens), and heavy (362.5 kg; 3 pens). The treatments included CON-a basal diet, and SCB-basal diet plus a probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079; 1.0 × 1010 CFU/head/d). Experimental diets were administered for the first 42 d (21 d in the step-up phase and 21 d in the finishing diet -870 g concentrate/kg dry matter [DM]). Subsequently, both treatment groups were transitioned to the same basal diet for an additional 76 d, completing 118 d on feed. Linear regression analysis was conducted for dry matter intake (DMI) data. During the initial 42 d, DMI tended to be higher for SCB (P = 0.09); also bulls fed SCB reached the plateau of the curve at 9.17 kg DMI/d earlier (39 d, R2 = 0.97) than those fed CON (43 d; R2 = 0.96) diets. For the first 42 d, the SCB treatment exhibited higher final weight (393.0 vs. 401.4 kg, P = 0.02), total gain (49.3 vs. 53.5 kg, P = 0.02), daily weight gain (1.124 vs. 1.274 kg, P = 0.02), and G:F (0.174 vs. 0.188, P = 0.04). Over the entire 118-d period, SCB-fed bulls had greater final body weight (509.5 vs. 518.0 kg, P = 0.02), total body weight gain (163.7 vs. 170.3 kg, P = 0.01), and average daily gain (1.366 vs. 1.420 kg, P = 0.01). The feed efficiency of SCB-supplemented bulls was 8.05% higher than CON (P = 0.04), and the final carcass weight was 1.69% greater for animals fed SCB (283.8 vs. 288.6 kg, P = 0.04). Total carcass weight gain (110.9 vs. 114.7 kg) and daily carcass weight gain (0.924 vs. 0.956 kg) tended (P = 0.06) to increase by 3.46% in SCB-fed animals compared with those fed CON. Gain yield, carcass conversion, and carcass yield did not differ between treatments. There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract between treatments. However, starch digestibility (92.7% vs. 88%) was greater for the control treatment (P < 0.001). Including live Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii yeast as a probiotic supplement during the initial 42 d in the feedlot enhanced early-stage growth performance in Nellore bulls. Notably, this supplementation carried over carcass gain over the entire feedlot period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alana M de M Calaça
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luan de O M Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Arnhold
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Victor R M Couto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Yasmin M Barreto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lucas J Mari
- Lallemand Brasil Ltda., Aparecida de Goiânia, Brazil
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Wang S, Kong F, Liu J, Xia J, Du W, Li S, Wang W. Comparative Analysis of Rumen Microbiota Composition in Dairy Cows with Simple Indigestion and Healthy Cows. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2673. [PMID: 38004685 PMCID: PMC10672840 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple indigestion in cows leads to substantial economic losses in the dairy industry. Despite ongoing efforts, an effective treatment for this issue remains elusive. Previous studies have emphasized the vital role of rumen microbes in maintaining ruminant health. To deepen our comprehension of the intricate interplay between rumen microbiota and simple indigestion, we undertook a study involving the analysis of rumen fluid from eight cows with simple indigestion and ten healthy cows. Additionally, we collected data pertaining to milk production, rumination behavior, and rumen characteristics. The results showed that cows with simple indigestion displayed significantly lower milk yield, reduced rumination duration, and weakened rumen contraction when contrasted with the healthy cows (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in microbiota α-diversity emerged (p > 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) illuminated substantial variations in rumen microbial structure among the two groups (p < 0.05). Further analysis spotlighted distinctive bacteria in the rumen of the cows with indigestion, including Allisonella, Synergistes, Megasphaera, Clostridium_XIVb, Campylobacter, and Acidaminococcus. In contrast, Coraliomargarita, Syntrophococcus, and Coprococcus are the dominant bacterial genera in the rumen of healthy dairy cows. Importantly, these key bacterial genera also dominated the overarching microbial interaction network. The observation suggests that changes in the abundance of these dominant bacterial genera potentially underlie the principal etiology of cows with simple indigestion. The present findings can provide insights into simple indigestion prevention and treatment in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.W.); (F.K.); (J.L.); (J.X.); (W.D.); (S.L.)
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An Y, Wang H, Zong Z, Gao Z, Shi C, Li S, Khas-Erdene. Effects of adding Sophora alopecuroides to high concentrate diet on rumen fermentation parameters and microbial diversity of sheep. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1200272. [PMID: 37609056 PMCID: PMC10440690 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1200272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of Sophora alopecuroides (SA) on the rumen fermentation and microbial diversity of sheep. Methods A total of 32 healthy Dumont crossbred male lambs weighing 25.73 ± 2.17 kg were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 8 replicates each: a control group (CG) fed a basal diet with a concentrate-to-forage ratio of 7:3 and three experimental groups - the 0.1% group(TG1), 0.3% group (TG2), and 0.5% group (TG3), which were fed the same basal diet but supplemented with increasing doses of SA. Results (1) Increasing the SA dose led to a significant linear increase (p-< 0.05) in acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations in the rumen, as well as a significant quadratic effect (p-< 0.05) on the propionate concentration. In contrast, there was a significant linear decrease (p-< 0.05) in the NH3-N concentration in the rumen. (2) At the level of rumen bacterial phyla, the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the rumen increased, and that of Firmicutes decreased (p = 0.08). At the genus level, the rumen abundances of Ruminococcus and Phocaeicola of sheep in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than in the control group (p-< 0.05), and the abundances of Clostridiales and Candidatus-Hepatincola were significantly increased in the 0.1% and 0.3% groups (p < 0.05). (3) Regarding rumen anaerobic fungi, the differences between the control group and experimental groups at the phylum level and genus level were not significant (p > 0.05), but the relative abundances of Neocallimastigomycota and Piromyces in the 0.1% group were significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion SA addition to a high grain diet could increase the VFA concentration and pH in the sheep rumen, reduce the NH3-N concentration in the rumen and improve rumen fermentation function. Although there was no significant change in rumen bacterial or fungal diversity, SA addition increased the rumen abundances of Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcus, Phocaeicola, Clostridiales, Neocallimastigomycota and Piromyces, decreased the rumen abundance of Firmicutes, and had a positive effect on the rumen microbiota to improve sheep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen An
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zichao Zong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhixiong Gao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Caixia Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shufang Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Khas-Erdene
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Kofler J, Hoefler M, Hartinger T, Castillo-Lopez E, Huber J, Tichy A, Reisinger N, Zebeli Q. Effects of High Concentrate-Induced Subacute Ruminal Acidosis Severity on Claw Health in First-Lactation Holstein Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081418. [PMID: 37106981 PMCID: PMC10135006 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diet-induced subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) severity during transition and the early lactation period on claw health in 24 first-lactation Holstein heifers. All heifers were fed a 30% concentrate (in dry matter) close-up ration three weeks before calving, then switched to a high-concentrate ration (60% dry matter), which was fed until the 70th day in milk (DIM) to induce SARA. Thereafter, all cows were fed the same post-SARA ration with around 36% concentrate in dry matter. Hoof trimming was performed before calving (visit 1), at 70 (visit 2) and at 160 DIM (visit 3). All claw lesions were recorded, and a Cow Claw Score (CCS) was calculated for each cow. Locomotion scores (LCS 1-5) were assessed at two-week intervals. Intraruminal sensors for continuous pH measurements were used to determine SARA (pH below 5.8 for more than 330 min in 24 h). The cluster analysis grouped the cows retrospectively into light (≤11%; n = 9), moderate (>11-<30%; n = 7), and severe (>30%; n = 8) SARA groups, based on the percentage of days individual cows experienced SARA. Statistically significant differences were found between SARA groups light and severe in terms of lameness incidence (p = 0.023), but not for LCS and claw lesion prevalence. Further, the analysis of maximum likelihood estimates revealed that for each day experiencing SARA, the likelihood of becoming lame increased by 2.52% (p = 0.0257). A significant increase in white line lesion prevalence was observed between visits 2 and 3 in the severe SARA group. The mean CCS in severe SARA group cows were higher at each visit compared to cows in the other two groups, but without statistical significance. Overall, this is the first study indicating that first-lactation cows fed a similar high-concentrate diet but with a higher severity of SARA tended to have poorer claw health, albeit with only partial statistical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Kofler
- Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hoefler
- Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hartinger
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ezequias Castillo-Lopez
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Huber
- Teaching Farm, VetFarm Kremesberg, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 2563 Pottenstein, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Wang Y, Wang L, Meng M, Huo R, Ma N, Chang G, Shen X. High concentrate diet induced inflammatory response and tight junction disruption in the mammary gland of dairy cows. Microb Pathog 2023; 176:105996. [PMID: 36709006 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of a high concentrate (HC) diet on the inflammatory response and cellular tight junctions (TJs) in the mammary gland of dairy cows. Twelve lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned into low concentrate (LC) and HC groups (n = 6), which were fed with LC diet and HC diet respectively for 3 weeks. The HC diet lead to subacute ruminant acidosis with a rumen pH < 5.6 more than 3 h daily. The HC diet triggered an inflammatory response with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in the lacteal vein, upregulated expression of inflammation-related genes, elevated activity of myeloperoxidase, and inflammatory cells infiltration in the mammary gland. Furthermore, the HC diet induced the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways with enhanced phosphorylation ratios of NF-κB P65, inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), P38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) as well as decreased ratios of DNA methylation and chromatin compaction of genes coding for proinflammatory cytokines, which contributed to the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression. The HC diet also destroyed the integrity of TJ with discontinuous and decreased expression levels of zonula occludens-1, Occludin, Claudin-4 and increased expression level of Claudin-1 in the mammary epithelial cells compared with LC group. Conclusively, the HC diet induced the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications, promoted the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, and finally caused inflammatory response and TJ disruption in the mammary gland of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Lairong Wang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Meijuan Meng
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Ran Huo
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Nana Ma
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Weber J, Becker J, Syring C, Ruiters MW, Locher I, Bayer M, Schüpbach-Regula G, Steiner A. Farm-level risk factors for digital dermatitis in dairy cows in mountainous regions. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1341-1350. [PMID: 36526455 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of risk factors for bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is crucial in current disease control. However, risk factors that might arise especially in mountainous regions are unknown until now, and an adapted BDD control program is consequently missing. The objective of this observational case-control study was to identify farm-level risk factors for BDD in dairy herds in mountainous regions. To investigate predictors for the occurrence of BDD, 100 farms were visited and information about herd characteristics and management practices, potentially relevant explanatory variables for either introduction or establishment of BDD, were gathered by completing a questionnaire with the farmer or herd manager. Within-herd prevalences of BDD assessed during 3 routine claw trimmings with an interval of 6 mo before the survey were used to define cases (BDD within-herd prevalence of ≥26% during each claw trimming) and controls (no BDD cases in each of the 3 routine claw trimmings before the survey). Data were analyzed using 2 separate binomial generalized linear models according to either establishment or introduction of BDD. After prescreening, 15 of 23 explanatory variables were included in the final analysis, which showed 3 variables related to introduction and establishment, each being significantly associated with the occurrence of BDD within a farm. Results of model 1 (i.e., aspects related to BDD introduction) revealed that access to mountain pastures during the summer season (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.12, 0.04-0.35), participation in dairy shows (0.32, 0.11-0.94), and the number of new animals introduced into the farm during the last 2 yr (1.28, 1.12-1.52) were significantly associated with the occurrence of BDD. Model 2 (i.e., aspects related to BDD establishment) showed that cows kept in freestalls were at higher risk for BDD compared with those kept in tiestalls (20.65, 1.59-649.37). Furthermore, number of days between diagnosis and treatment of a BDD lesion (10.31, 3.55-81.21) and the amount of concentrate feeding (median 5 kg) per cow and day (7.72, 2.46-6.47) were positively associated with BDD occurrence. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide a set of risk factors that are associated with BDD status within herds in mountainous regions. These results may help in development of adapted control programs for BDD in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Weber
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jens Becker
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Syring
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Welham Ruiters
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Iwan Locher
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Bayer
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Adrian Steiner
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Abeni F. Effects of extrinsic factors on some rumination patterns: A review. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.1047829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen and its activity, rumination, are the characterizing traits of the suborder Ruminantia, and it is accompanied by related feeding habits and consequent animal behavior. Several extrinsic (not related to the animal itself) factors affect rumination behavior; most are reflected in rumination timing (considering overall daily duration as well as circadian differences in rumination patterns): age, environmental factors, and diet. For these reasons, great efforts have been sustained at the research level for monitoring rumination patterns. Currently, some research outcomes are applied at the farm level; others are still at the experimental level. All of these efforts are finalized mainly for the use of rumination pattern recording as an effective prediction tool for the early detection of health and welfare problems, both in a single head and at the herd level. Moreover, knowledge of the effects of extrinsic factors on rumination physiology represents a great challenge for improving the efficiency of ruminant livestock management, from the diet to the housing system, from parasites to heat stress. The present review deals mainly with the worldwide raised ruminant species.
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Liver Disorders Associated with Metabolic Imbalances in Dairy Cows. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2022; 38:433-446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Morar D, Văduva C, Morar A, Imre M, Tulcan C, Imre K. Paraclinical Changes Occurring in Dairy Cows with Spontaneous Subacute Ruminal Acidosis under Field Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182466. [PMID: 36139324 PMCID: PMC9495101 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the changes in the blood and milk biochemical parameters found in naturally occurring and long-lasting spontaneous subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), with the aim of identifying the patterns of paraclinical changes and providing valuable data for more accurately identifying SARA in cows under field conditions. The study was conducted on a dairy herd with a history of the occurrence of SARA-associated clinical signs. Twelve cows, between 20 and 150 days in milk, were randomly selected and subsequently subjected to venous blood, milk, and ruminal fluid collection. The mean pH value of the ruminal fluid was 5.56 ± 0.32, and 58% (7/12) of the tested cows were SARA positive (ruminal pH ≤ 5.5). The albumin, calcium, and phosphorus serum concentration values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the SARA group than in the group of healthy cows. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) activity were significantly higher in the SARA cows (p < 0.05) than in the group of healthy cows. The mean values of milk fat, milk protein content, and milk fat-to-protein ratio were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the tested cows of the SARA group than in the healthy group of cows. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that long-term SARA triggered by a high-concentrate diet is associated with clinically significant changes in both the blood composition (hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, and increased serum AST and GLDH activity) and the milk composition (decreased fat and protein percentage and milk fat-to-protein ratio). Altogether, the obtained results provide a more reliable pattern of paraclinical changes and useful insights for detecting SARA in dairy cows under field conditions.
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Han G, Gao X, Duan J, Zhang H, Zheng Y, He J, Huo N, Pei C, Li H, Gu S. Effects of yeasts on rumen bacterial flora, abnormal metabolites, and blood gas in sheep with induced subacute ruminal acidosis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Solano-Suárez G, Caixeta LS, Masic A, Manríquez D, Hatamoto-Zervoudakis L, Paudyal S, Velasquez-Munoz A, Velez J, Pinedo PJ. Effect of peripartal administration of mycobacterium cell wall fraction on health and fertility of Holstein cows under organic-certified management. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6360969. [PMID: 34468760 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of peripartal administration of a commercially available nonspecific immune stimulant (mycobacterium cell wall fraction; MCWF [Amplimune, NovaVive Inc., Napanee, ON, Canada]) on the incidence of disease during early lactation and subsequent fertility of dairy cows. A second objective was to characterize the dynamics of circulating white blood cells (WBC) and metabolic markers following treatment administration. Cows in an United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) organic-certified dairy herd were blocked by parity and, based on sequential calving dates, randomly assigned to receive two injections (5 mL s.c.) of either a placebo (saline solution) as a control (CON; n = 71) or MCWF (n = 65) at enrollment (7 d before expected calving) and within 24 h after calving. Blood samples were collected from a subsample of the study population (MCWF = 16; CON = 18) for WBC count at enrollment, at day 2 post enrollment, and at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after calving. Serum fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and Ca concentrations were determined at days 1 and 7 postpartum (MCWF = 21; CON = 21). Main outcome variables included incidence risk of peripartal and early lactation health disorders and pregnancy at first artificial insemination (AI), at 100, and at 150 days in milk (DIM). In addition, the average daily milk yield up to 90 DIM and death and live culling before 305 DIM were compared. Treatment effects were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, time-to-event analyses, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). A treatment effect on the incidence risk of some of the health disorders in the study was established. Incidence risk of metritis and clinical mastitis <28 DIM was smaller in MCWF than in CON cows (36.9% vs. 50.7% and 6.3% vs. 19.7%, respectively). On the contrary, the incidence risk of respiratory disease <28 DIM was smaller in CON (0%) than in MCWF (7.7%). Reproductive performance of multiparous cows was affected by MCWF administration: pregnancy at first AI and pregnancy at 100 and 150 DIM were greater in MCWF than in CON (35.6% vs. 19.2%; 51.1% vs. 25.0%; and 64.4% vs. 40.4%, respectively). Overall, median intervals from calving to pregnancy were 90 vs. 121 d in MCWF and CON cows, respectively. No treatment effects on the dynamics of circulating WBC or in postpartum metabolic status were established. No differences for milk yield or for the proportion of cows that survived up to 305 DIM were determined, although cows in MCWF left the herd earlier than cows in CON. In conclusion, incidence risks of metritis and mastitis in early lactation were smaller in cows receiving MCWF, whereas the incidence risk of respiratory disease was smaller in CON. Fertility significantly improved in MCWF compared with CON cows. As this study was performed in an organic-certified dairy, specific health and reproductive management practices may affect the external validity of the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Solano-Suárez
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Luciano S Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | | | - Diego Manríquez
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Luciana Hatamoto-Zervoudakis
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Sushil Paudyal
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ana Velasquez-Munoz
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Juan Velez
- Aurora Organic Farms, Platteville, CO 80651, USA
| | - Pablo J Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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Schmitz-Esser S. The Rumen Epithelial Microbiota: Possible Gatekeepers of the Rumen Epithelium and Its Potential Contributions to Epithelial Barrier Function and Animal Health and Performance. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.11672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants are characterized by their unique mode of digesting cellulose-rich plant material in their forestomach, the rumen, which is densely populated by diverse microorganisms that are crucial for the breakdown of plant material. Among ruminal microbial communities, the microorganisms in the rumen fluid or attached to feed particles have attracted considerable research interest. However, comparatively less is known about the microorganisms attached to the rumen epithelium. Generally, the tissue lining the gastrointestinal tract serves the dual role of absorbing nutrients while preventing the infiltration of unwanted compounds and molecules as well as microorganisms. The rumen epithelium fulfills critical physiological functions for the ruminant host in energy absorption, metabolism, and nutrient transport. Essential host metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, ammonia, urea, and minerals, are exchanged across the rumen wall, thereby exposing the rumen epithelial microbiota to these nutrients. The integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier is central to animal health and productivity. The integrity of the rumen epithelium can be compromised by high ruminal microbial fermentation activity resulting in decreased rumen pH or by stress conditions such as heat stress or feed restriction. It is important to keep in mind that feeding strategies in cattle have changed over the last decades in favor of energy- and nutrient-rich concentrates instead of fiber-rich forages. These dietary shifts support high milk yields and growth rates but raised concerns regarding a possibly compromised rumen function. This paper will provide an overview of the composition of rumen epithelial microbial communities under physiological and disease conditions and will provide insights into the knowledge about the function and in situ activity of rumen epithelial microorganisms and their relevance for animal health and production. Given that an impaired intestinal barrier will negatively affect economically significant phenotypes, a better understanding of rumen wall microbiota is urgently needed.
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Wang Y, Liu J, Huang J, Chang G, Roy AC, Gao Q, Cheng X, Shen X. Sodium butyrate attenuated iE-DAP induced inflammatory response in the mammary glands of dairy goats fed high-concentrate diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1218-1227. [PMID: 32789879 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term high-concentrate (HC) diet feeding increased bacterial endotoxins, which translocated into the mammary glands of dairy goats and induced inflammatory response. γ-d-Glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), bacterial peptidoglycan component, triggered inflammatory response through activating nucleotide oligomerization domain protein 1 (NOD1) signaling pathway. While dietary supplemented with sodium butyrate (SB) relieved inflammatory response and improved animal health and production. To investigate the effects and the mechanisms of action of SB on the inflammatory response in the mammary glands of dairy goats fed HC diet, 12 Saanen dairy goats were randomly assigned into HC group and SB regulated (BHC) group. RESULTS The results showed that SB supplementation attenuated ruminal pH decrease caused by HC diet in dairy goats resulting in a decrease of proinflammatory cytokines and iE-DAP plasma concentration and the mRNA expression of NOD1 and other inflammation-related genes. The protein levels of NOD1, NF-κB p65 and NF-κB pp65 were decreased by the SB supplementation. The expression of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) was also inhibited by the SB supplementation. Meanwhile, the chromatin compaction ratios and DNA methylation levels of NOD1 and receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) of BHC group were upregulated. CONCLUSION Collectively, the SB supplementation mitigated the inflammatory response in the mammary glands of dairy goats during HC-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by inhibiting the activation of the NOD1/NF-κB signaling pathway through the decrease of the iE-DAP concentration in the rumen fluid and plasma and HDAC3 expression. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling also contributed to the anti-inflammatory effect of SB. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Huang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Animesh Chandra Roy
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qianyun Gao
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Gao Q, Cheng X, Chang G, Roy AC, Shen X. Determination of γ-D-glutamyl- meso-diaminopimelic acid in rumen fluid of dairy cows by pre-column chiral derivatization-HPLC. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 33:1109-1117. [PMID: 33491540 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1870484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
High concentrate (HC) diet feeding leads to the lysis of rumen microbes and the release of hazardous metabolites, which can trigger inflammatory responses, thereby impairing dairy cow health and production. γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), which constitutes the peptidoglycan (PGN) layer of bacteria, is the minimum PGN structure capable of activating inflammatory signaling pathways. This research paper aimed to determine the iE-DAP concentration and investigate the effects of an HC diet on the concentration of iE-DAP in the rumen fluid of dairy cows. However, there are limited studies on the determination of iE-DAP concentration. Hence, we established a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method combined with pre-column chiral derivatization to detect the concentration of iE-DAP in rumen fluid. Moreover, we conducted an animal experiment that included 12 lactating Holstein cows, which were randomly divided into a low-concentrate (LC) group and an HC group. The results showed that the linear range of iE-DAP was 5-500 µg/mL and that the intra- and inter-day RSDs were lower than 7%. Meanwhile, this method was successfully applied to the analysis of iE-DAP in rumen fluid, and the results revealed that long-term feeding with an HC diet elevated the concentration of iE-DAP in rumen fluid of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qianyun Gao
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Animesh Chandra Roy
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Minami NS, Sousa RS, Oliveira FLC, Dias MRB, Cassiano DA, Mori CS, Minervino AHH, Ortolani EL. Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Zebu Cattle: Clinical and Behavioral Aspects. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010021. [PMID: 33374395 PMCID: PMC7824239 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cattle that are fed high levels of concentrates may develop short-term rumen acidity that may occur frequently leading to necrosis of the rumen wall and reduced nutrient absorption, thereby decreasing animal productivity. This condition is known as subacute acidosis. Here, we evaluated an experimental model to induce such a condition in Nelore cattle, a Zebu breed widely used in Brazil, and assessed several clinical and feeding behavioral patterns of affected animals to better understand the disease pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. Subacute acidosis led to a reduction in food consumption and rumination time, and an increase was observed in the time spent in decubitus. Additionally, subacute acidosis caused different degrees of depression that was more pronounced with higher ruminal lactic acid concentrations. Abstract We evaluated the clinical aspects and feeding behavior of cattle with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) caused by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Ten healthy Nelore heifers were subjected to an adjusted SARA induction protocol using citrus pulp (CP). Clinical examinations were performed at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 h intervals after induction, with ruminal fluid, blood, and feces sampling. The animals’ feeding behavior was evaluated on, before, and for 3 days after SARA by observing the animals every 5 min for 24 h. The dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily. The ruminal pH during SARA was always lower than baseline, with an acidotic duration of 547 ± 215 min, a minimum pH of 5.38 ± 0.16, and an average pH of 5.62 ± 0.1. SARA was mainly caused by SCFAs (maximum 118.4 ± 9.3 mmol/L), with the production of l-lactic acids (7.17 mmol/L) and d-lactic acids (0.56 mmol/L) 6 h after the experiment began. The DMI was reduced by 66% and 48% on days 1 and 2, respectively, and returned to normal levels on day 3. SARA caused a reduction in feed intake and rumination time, as well as an increase in the time spent in decubitus on days 1 and 2. These results were influenced by the ruminal pH, ruminal movement, and osmolarity. Furthermore, SARA caused different degrees of depression, which became more pronounced with higher ruminal lactic acid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sato Minami
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Rejane Santos Sousa
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Francisco Leonardo Costa Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Mailson Rennan Borges Dias
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Débora Aparecida Cassiano
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Clara Satsuki Mori
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino
- Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, 68040-255 Santarém, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.H.H.M.); (E.L.O.)
| | - Enrico Lippi Ortolani
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.H.M.); (E.L.O.)
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Li W, Gelsinger S, Edwards A, Riehle C, Koch D. Changes in meta-transcriptome of rumen epimural microbial community and liver transcriptome in young calves with feed induced acidosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18967. [PMID: 31831817 PMCID: PMC6908691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The common management practices of dairy calves leads to increased starch concentration in feed, which subsequently may cause rumen acidosis while on milk and during weaning. Until recently, few attempts were undertaken to understand the health risks of prolonged ruminal acidosis in post weaning calves. Resultantly, the molecular changes in the digestive tracts in post-weaning calves with ruminal acidosis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the liver transcriptome changes along with its correlation with the rumen microbial rRNA expression changes in young calves using our model of feed induced ruminal acidosis. In this model, new born calves were fed a highly processed, starch-rich diet starting from one week of age through 16 weeks. A total of eight calves were involved in this study. Four of them were fed the acidosis-inducing diet (Treated) and the rest of the four were fed a standard starter diet (Control). Liver and rumen epithelial tissues were collected at necropsy at 17 weeks of age. Transcriptome analyses were carried out in the liver tissues and rRNA meta-transcriptome analysis were done using the rumen epithelial tissues. The correlation analysis was performed by comparing the liver mRNA expression with the rumen epithelial rRNA abundance at genus level. Calves with induced ruminal acidosis had significantly lower ruminal pH in comparison to the control group, in addition to significantly less weight-gain over the course of the experiment. In liver tissues, a total of 428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold-change, FC ≥ 1.5; adjusted P ≤ 0.1) were identified in treated group in comparison to control. Biological pathways enriched by these DEGs included cellular component organization, indicating the impact of ruminal acidosis on liver development in young calves. Specifically, the up-regulated genes were enriched in acute phase response (P < 0.01), pyruvate metabolic process (P < 0.01) and proton-acceptors (P ≪ 0.001), indicating the liver's response to feed induced acidosis at the transcriptome level. Twelve transferase activity related genes had significant correlation with rumen microbial rRNA expression changes. Among these genes, two up-regulated genes were reported with involvement in lipid metabolism in the liver, implying the direct effect of feed-induced acidosis on both the rumen microbial community and liver metabolism. Our study provides insight into the physiological remodeling in the liver resultant from the prolonged acidosis in post weaning calves, which may facilitate future RNA-seq based diagnosis and precision management of rumen acidosis in dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- The Cell Wall Utilization and Biology Laboratory, US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA ARS, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Sonia Gelsinger
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrea Edwards
- The Cell Wall Utilization and Biology Laboratory, US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA ARS, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christina Riehle
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Daniel Koch
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Stumpff F. A look at the smelly side of physiology: transport of short chain fatty acids. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:571-598. [PMID: 29305650 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fermentative organs such as the caecum, the colon, and the rumen have evolved to produce and absorb energy rich short chain fatty acids (SCFA) from otherwise indigestible substrates. Classical models postulate diffusional uptake of the undissociated acid (HSCFA). However, in net terms, a major part of SCFA absorption occurs with uptake of Na+ and resembles classical, coupled electroneutral NaCl transport. Considerable evidence suggests that the anion transporting proteins expressed by epithelia of fermentative organs are poorly selective and that their main function may be to transport acetate-, propionate-, butyrate- and HCO3- as the physiologically relevant anions. Apical uptake of SCFA thus involves non-saturable diffusion of the undissociated acid (HSCFA), SCFA-/HCO3- exchange via DRA (SLC26A3) and/or SCFA--H+ symport (MCT1, SLC16A1). All mechanisms lead to cytosolic acidification with stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange via NHE (SLC9A2/3). Basolaterally, Na+ leaves via the Na+/K+-ATPase with recirculation of K+. Na+ efflux drives the transport of SCFA- anions through volume-regulated anion channels, such as maxi-anion channels (possibly SLCO2A1), LRRC8, anoctamins, or uncoupled exchangers. When luminal buffering is inadequate, basolateral efflux will increasingly involve SCFA-/ HCO3- exchange (AE1/2, SCL4A1/2), or efflux of SCFA- with H+ (MCT1/4, SLC16A1/3). Furthermore, protons can be basolaterally removed by NHE1 (SCL9A1) or NBCe1 (SLC4A4). The purpose of these transport proteins is to maximize the amount of SCFA transported from the tightly buffered ingesta while minimizing acid transport through the epithelium. As known from the rumen for many decades, a disturbance of these processes is likely to cause severe colonic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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