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Capasso M, Canal S, Balducci F. Prevalence of neurological diseases associated with cervical pain and/or signs of cervical myelopathy in French bulldogs: a retrospective analysis of 105 cases. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1431358. [PMID: 39021406 PMCID: PMC11252003 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1431358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction French bulldogs can be affected by several neurological diseases, with myelopathies representing the most frequent cause of neurological signs. Studies focusing on the epidemiology of cervical diseases in this breed are lacking. This study aims to describe the prevalence of neurological pathologies responsible for cervical pain and/or signs of cervical myelopathy, assuming that intervertebral disc herniation represents the most common disease; a second aim was to evaluate how often different pathologies coexist in this spinal region in French bulldogs. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of medical records from the database of a single referral center (AniCura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital-Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy) was performed, including French bulldogs presented for neck pain and/or neurological deficits consistent with cervical myelopathy. Clinical and imaging data were reviewed and used as inclusion criteria. Based on the number of MRI-diagnosed diseases, the eligible dogs were divided into three groups. Results One hundred five French bulldogs met the inclusion criteria. The most commonly diagnosed condition was an intervertebral disc herniation (66.9%), followed by C2 idiopathic hypertrophic ganglioneuritis (15.1%), cervical syringomyelia (11.5%), congenital osseous malformations (1.4%), spinal arachnoid diverticula (1.4%), neoplasms (1.4%), steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (0.7%), traumatic vertebral fractures (0.7%), and other (0.7%). For the vast majority of dogs (75/105) a single pathology was diagnosed, with intervertebral disc herniations accounting for 86.7% of cases, involving C3-C4 IVD most commonly. In the remaining 30 dogs, two or three different and concurrent diseases were detected. Among these 30 dogs, intervertebral disc herniations still remained the most diagnosed condition, in combination with C2 idiopathic hypertrophic ganglioneuritis and syringomyelia in 19 and seven cases, respectively. Conclusion The results of this study highlight that different pathologies can affect the cervical spinal cord in French bulldogs, with intervertebral disc herniations representing the most frequent condition, as previously described in the veterinary literature. In almost a third of cases, different pathologies can coexist at the cervical level. However, for cases in which different pathologies are present at the same time, it is not always possible to clearly establish their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Capasso
- Anicura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Espino L, Miño N. Common Neurologic Diseases in Geriatric Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1753. [PMID: 38929372 PMCID: PMC11200570 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in the canine geriatric population means that veterinarians are more often confronted with diseases that are more prevalent in patients in this age group. As in other organ systems, degenerative, neoplastic, and vascular diseases are the most prevalent neurologic disorders in older dogs. A neurological disease in an older dog poses a challenge for the clinician due to the presence of concomitant diseases and age-related changes that make it difficult to interpret the neurological examination. In addition, given the age of the patients, some owners do not allow advanced imaging tests, and it is necessary to establish the most likely presumptive diagnosis to initiate treatment. Although many of these diseases can cause clinical signs that can be very upsetting, some of them can be managed with symptomatic therapy and have a good prognosis, such as idiopathic vestibular syndrome. Moreover, advances in and the greater availability of therapeutic options such as surgery and radiation therapy may increase survival and quality of life in diseases with a more serious prognosis, such as tumours. The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the more frequent diseases affecting the central nervous systems of geriatric dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Espino
- Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria de Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
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3
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Cooper-Khan RS, Frankovich AN, Thompson CA, Thomovsky SA, Lewis MJ. Clinical Findings and Outcome in 30 Dogs with Presumptive or Confirmed Nerve Sheath Tumors. Vet Sci 2024; 11:192. [PMID: 38787164 PMCID: PMC11125868 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve sheath tumors (NSTs) are well-recognized primary nervous system tumors, but there is relatively limited information in dogs including comparison of NSTs in different anatomical locations. This retrospective study describes the clinical features and outcomes in a group of dogs with NSTs affecting the cranial nerves or spinal nerves. Thirty dogs were included, 25 with a presumptive diagnosis and five confirmed by histopathologic analysis. Seven dogs also had cytology of tumor samples, which were supportive of the NST diagnosis in four. Eight dogs had cranial nerve-associated NSTs, with six involving the trigeminal nerve. Twenty-two dogs had spinal nerve-associated NSTs including 13 invading the spinal canal and nine peripheral to the spinal canal, with the majority affecting nerves or nerve roots of the brachial plexus. The prognosis was poor, with dogs being euthanized eventually because of disease progression. Among dogs alive 1 week after diagnosis, the median survival time was 4 months but ranged from 2 weeks to >2 years. While there was a broad overlap between NST locations, survival was generally longer for dogs without spinal canal or intracranial involvement. The results expand available information on NSTs in dogs but should be interpreted with caution given the small number of dogs with a definitive diagnosis. Further investigation is warranted to determine how tumor location, invasiveness, and treatments pursued impact outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Cooper-Khan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.S.C.-K.); (S.A.T.)
| | - Alexandra N. Frankovich
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.N.F.); (C.A.T.)
| | - Craig A. Thompson
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.N.F.); (C.A.T.)
| | - Stephanie A. Thomovsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.S.C.-K.); (S.A.T.)
| | - Melissa J. Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.S.C.-K.); (S.A.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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4
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Kuricova M, Fuchs J, Liptak T, Korim F, Hudakova NS, Bhattarai B, Kerekes Z, Revajova V. Spinal cord haemangiosarcoma in one dog - Case report. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:412-418. [PMID: 38028208 PMCID: PMC10666659 DOI: 10.17221/60/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old intact female Shih Tzu was presented with acute onset of hind leg paralysis. The neurologic examination revealed severe T3-L3 myelopathy. The differential diagnoses included degenerative, anomalous, traumatic, inflammatory, vascular, metabolic, and neoplastic changes. The results of the paraclinical examinations and diagnostic imaging narrowed the list of differential diagnoses and, along with the patient's deteriorating condition, led to the owner's decision to euthanise the dog. The histologic findings of the spinal cord specimens indicated a tumour of the blood vessels formed by the proliferation of endothelial cells, which may present as either capillary or cavernous structures. In this case, the tumour was a capillary-type haemangiosarcoma. The primary site of proliferation could not be determined in this case because no mass formation was noted while performing the necropsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kuricova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jakub Fuchs
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Liptak
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Filip Korim
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Natalia Surin Hudakova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Bisal Bhattarai
- Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology MVA named after K. I. Skryabin, Ulitsa Akademika Skryabina, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zoltan Kerekes
- Zoltan Kerekes, VetScan, Veterinary Imaging Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viera Revajova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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5
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Rissi DR. A review of primary central nervous system neoplasms of cats. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:294-307. [PMID: 36803009 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231155400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are uncommonly diagnosed in cats. The majority of primary feline CNS neoplasms described in the veterinary literature consist of meningioma and glioma occurring mainly in the brain and less often in the spinal cord. Although most neoplasms can be diagnosed based on routine histologic evaluation, less typical tumors need to be further characterized using immunohistochemistry. This review compiles the relevant information about the most common primary CNS neoplasms of cats available in the veterinary literature, aiming to serve as a converging source of information for the topic.
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Lopes BA, Ives EJ, José-López R, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Abouzeid J, Freeman P, Redondo JI, Sánchez-Masián D. Cranial thoracic myelopathies (T1-T6 vertebrae): Retrospective evaluation of the signalment, clinical presentation, and, presumptive or final diagnoses in 84 dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:960912. [PMID: 36172605 PMCID: PMC9510707 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.960912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to describe the signalment, clinical presentation and presumptive or final diagnoses of dogs with cranial thoracic spinal cord lesions identified on advanced imaging. Retrospective evaluation of the databases of three veterinary specialty centres, between 2009 and 2021, was performed to identify dogs with a lesion affecting the cranial thoracic vertebral column (T1-T6 vertebrae) as the primary cause for presenting signs of myelopathy and/or spinal pain. Eighty-four dogs were included in the study, with the majority (n = 76) presenting with a progressive history of over 4-weeks' duration. On neurologic examination, most dogs were ambulatory (n = 64), and the most common neuroanatomic localisation was the T3-L3 spinal cord segments (n = 63). Twelve dogs (14%) showed a short-strided thoracic limb gait on clinical examination. The most common diagnosis was neoplasia (n = 33), followed by anomalies (n = 22, including vertebral body malformations in 14 dogs) and degenerative disorders (n = 16, with intervertebral disc protrusion diagnosed in 9 dogs). The most common vertebrae affected were T3 and T5. Most dogs with degenerative conditions showed asymmetric clinical signs, and the majority of dogs with neoplasia showed signs of spinal hyperaesthesia on examination. The findings of this study describe the clinical signs and presumptive or final diagnoses associated with lesions affecting the cranial thoracic spinal cord. When combined with the signalment and clinical history, this information can assist in both the recognition of and problem-based approach to these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A. Lopes
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Hursley, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Bruno A. Lopes
| | - Edward J. Ives
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Hursley, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto José-López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jad Abouzeid
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Freeman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José Ignacio Redondo
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Masián
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Hursley, United Kingdom
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Nam A, Hong SH, Jee HC, Lee WJ, Myung H, Kim DH. Surgical management of a metastatic vertebral tumour originating from a mammary adenocarcinoma in a dog. VET MED-CZECH 2022; 67:644-650. [PMID: 38623307 PMCID: PMC11016301 DOI: 10.17221/140/2021-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old spayed female Toy Poodle presented with acute tetraparesis. A small subcutaneous mass was found in the right trunk region, and the magnetic resonance revealed a compressive spinal cord lesion due to an irregular bone proliferation at the third cervical vertebra. After surgical resection of the vertebral lesion, the neurological symptoms improved, and the patient could walk on her own. The excised vertebral and subcutaneous masses were diagnosed as a mammary adenocarcinoma on the histopathological examination, with Ki-67 and HER-2 immunohistochemistry staining. This case report highlights the importance of defining the primary tumours of metastatic vertebral tumours and the necessity of palliative surgery to improve the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryung Nam
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Konkuk Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Hong
- Helix Animal Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Choul Jee
- Helix Animal Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwook Myung
- Helix Animal Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kouno S, Tanoue H, Shimada M, Hara Y. Aggressive piecemeal excision and cervical bridging fixation for cervical vertebral osteosarcoma in two dogs and two cats. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Kouno
- Division of Veterinary Surgery Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tanoue
- Division of Veterinary Surgery Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University Tokyo Japan
| | - Masakazu Shimada
- Division of Veterinary Surgery Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasushi Hara
- Division of Veterinary Surgery Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University Tokyo Japan
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Sena BV, Horta RS, Senhorello IL, Matiz OR, Canavari IC, Souza LM, Ferreira MG, Sueiro FA, Costa MT, de Nardi AB. Immunolabelling of Acetylated Histones 3 and 4 and Histone Deacetylases 1, 2 and 6 in Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas. J Comp Pathol 2022; 193:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Taroni M, Saban C, Baldinger A, Blondel M, Marchal T, Viguier E, Cachon T, Carozzo C, Moissonnier P. Anatomical features of the canine C2-C3 spinal cord vascular environment. Am J Vet Res 2021; 83:107-113. [PMID: 34890357 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.05.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interarcuate branch (IAB) is a vascular structure, particularly developed in C2-3 intervertebral space, forming a dorsal bridge that connects ventral venous plexi in the vertebral canal. While precisely described in the human, the precise anatomical features of IABs have not been reported in the veterinary literature. The purpose of this study is to describe the features and relations of IABs in the C2-3 vertebral canal. ANIMALS 10 dogs were enrolled; 5 dogs for necropsy and 5 dogs for histology. PROCEDURES The ventral venous plexi in the cervical spine of 5 dogs were injected with latex and underwent vertebral canal dissection for visual assessment of the IAB. Two out of 5 dogs were injected with the addition of barium sulfate and underwent a CT scan. The C2-3 regions of 5 small-breed dogs were harvested for histological examinations. RESULTS IABs arose from the ventral venous plexus at the level of the intervertebral vein; they originated from 2 separate branches located caudally and cranially to the intervertebral foramen, forming a ventrodorsal triangle surrounding the spinal nerve root. No dorsal anastomosis was observed on the CT scan nor at dissection but were observed histologically. A cervical fibrous sheath was observed all around the vertebral canal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE IABs are voluminous venous structures at the C2-3 intervertebral space in dogs and found within a split of the cervical fibrous sheath, which is adherent to the interarcuate ligament and the ligamentum flavum. This anatomical description is paramount when planning an approach to the C2-3 intervertebral space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Taroni
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,Department of Histopathology, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Unite ICE UPSP 2011-03-101, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Charles Saban
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,Department of Histopathology, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Unite ICE UPSP 2011-03-101, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Arnaud Baldinger
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,Department of Histopathology, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Unite ICE UPSP 2011-03-101, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Margaux Blondel
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,Department of Histopathology, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Unite ICE UPSP 2011-03-101, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Thierry Marchal
- Department of Histopathology, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Unite ICE UPSP 2011-03-101, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Eric Viguier
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,Department of Histopathology, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Unite ICE UPSP 2011-03-101, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Thibaut Cachon
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,Department of Histopathology, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Unite ICE UPSP 2011-03-101, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Claude Carozzo
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,Department of Histopathology, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Unite ICE UPSP 2011-03-101, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Pierre Moissonnier
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France.,Department of Histopathology, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Unite ICE UPSP 2011-03-101, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, France
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Krasnow MS, Griffin JF, Levine JM, Mai W, Pancotto TE, Kent M, Harcourt-Brown TR, Carrera-Justiz SC, Gilmour LJ, Masciarelli AE, Jeffery ND. Agreement and differentiation of intradural spinal cord lesions in dogs using magnetic resonance imaging. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 36:171-178. [PMID: 34859507 PMCID: PMC8783334 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging is the method of choice for diagnosing spinal cord neoplasia, but the accuracy of designating the relationship of a neoplasm to the meninges and agreement among observers is unknown. Objectives To determine agreement among observers and accuracy of diagnosis compared with histology when diagnosing lesion location based on relationship to the meninges. Animals Magnetic resonance images from 53 dogs with intradural extramedullary and intramedullary spinal neoplasms and 17 dogs with degenerative myelopathy. Methods Six observers were supplied with 2 sets of 35 images at different time points and asked to designate lesion location. Agreement in each set was analyzed using kappa (κ) statistics. We tabulated total correct allocations and calculated sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for location designation from images compared with known histologic location for lesions confined to 1 location only. Results Agreement in the first set of images was moderate (κ = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43‐0.58) and in the second, substantial (κ = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.79). In the accuracy study, 180 (75%) of the 240 diagnostic calls were correct. Sensitivity and specificity were moderate to high for all compartments, except poor sensitivity was found for intradural extramedullary lesions. Positive likelihood ratios were high for intradural extramedullary lesions and degenerative myelopathy. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Overall accuracy in diagnosis was reasonable, and positive diagnostic calls for intradural extramedullary lesions and negative calls for intramedullary lesions are likely to be helpful. Observers exhibited considerable disagreement in designation of lesions relationship to the meninges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya S Krasnow
- Neurology Department, MedVet Cincinnati, Fairfax, Ohio, USA
| | - John F Griffin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Wilfried Mai
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, Section of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Theresa E Pancotto
- Department of Neurology, Veterinary Specialty Hospital of North County, San Marcos, California, USA
| | - Marc Kent
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Sheila C Carrera-Justiz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey J Gilmour
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda E Masciarelli
- Ethos Veterinary Health, Massachusetts Veterinary Referral Hospital, Woburn, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas D Jeffery
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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12
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Merbl Y, Chen Allen A. What is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 260:404-406. [PMID: 34851857 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.08.0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Samer ES, Forterre F, Rathmann JMK, Stein VM, Precht CM, Guevar J. Accuracy and Safety of Image-Guided Freehand Pin Placement in Canine Cadaveric Vertebrae. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2021; 34:338-345. [PMID: 34298579 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to validate an imaging technique for evaluation of spinal surgery accuracy and to establish accuracy and safety of freehand technique in the thoracolumbar spine of large breed dogs. STUDY DESIGN After thoracolumbar spine computed tomography (CT), 26 drilling corridors were planned then drilled to receive 3.2 mm positive profile pins using a freehand technique. After pin removal, CT was repeated. All entry points, exit points and angles of the preoperative planned trajectories were compared with postoperative ones using an image registration and fusion technique by three observers. Corridor coordinates for entry and exit points were evaluated in three dimensions and angles were measured in one plane. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to establish the imaging technique reliability and descriptive statistics were used to report on the freehand technique accuracy. Safety was evaluated using a vertebral cortical breach grading scheme. RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficient for the entry points, exit points and angle were 0.79, 0.96 and 0.92 respectively. Mean deviations for the entry points, exit points and angle were 3.1 mm, 6.3 mm and 7.6 degrees respectively. Maximum deviations were 6.3 mm, 11.0 mm and 16.4 degrees. Most deviations were lateral and caudal. All corridors were judged as safe. CONCLUSION The imaging technique reliability was good to excellent to study spinal surgery accuracy. Implant deviations should be anticipated when planning stabilization surgery in large breed dogs using the freehand-guided technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Samer
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franck Forterre
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Veronika M Stein
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christina M Precht
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Radiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Guevar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Hanot EM, Cherubini GB, Marçal VC, Caine A. MRI Features of Solitary Vertebral Masses in Dogs: 20 Cases (2010-2019). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2021; 57:189-198. [PMID: 34097039 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to describe the MRI features of cytologically or histologically diagnosed solitary vertebral masses in dogs and identify potential MRI features enabling differentiation between malignant and benign lesions. Patients were divided into malignant and benign groups according to the final diagnosis. Medical records and MRI studies were retrospectively reviewed, and specific imaging features were compared. The malignant group comprised 15 dogs, with 5 dogs included in the benign group. MRI features of the different histopathologic/cytologic types of masses are described. Involvement of the vertebral body, a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted, short tau inversion recovery, T1-weighted, and T1-weighted gradient echo sequences and evidence of cortical destruction were signifi-cantly associated with malignancy (P < .05). Hypointensity on T1-weighted gradient echo sequence was significantly associated with benign masses (P < .05). The presence of bone sclerosis was significantly associated with osteosarcomas compared with other malignant masses (P < .05). Fractures (5 cases) were only seen in the group of malignant masses. This pilot study identifies some MRI features that may help differentiate between malignant and benign solitary vertebral masses. Greater case numbers are needed in future studies.
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15
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Chibuk J, Flory A, Kruglyak KM, Leibman N, Nahama A, Dharajiya N, van den Boom D, Jensen TJ, Friedman JS, Shen MR, Clemente-Vicario F, Chorny I, Tynan JA, Lytle KM, Holtvoigt LE, Murtaza M, Diaz LA, Tsui DWY, Grosu DS. Horizons in Veterinary Precision Oncology: Fundamentals of Cancer Genomics and Applications of Liquid Biopsy for the Detection, Characterization, and Management of Cancer in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:664718. [PMID: 33834049 PMCID: PMC8021921 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.664718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs, in part because many cases are identified at an advanced stage when clinical signs have developed, and prognosis is poor. Increased understanding of cancer as a disease of the genome has led to the introduction of liquid biopsy testing, allowing for detection of genomic alterations in cell-free DNA fragments in blood to facilitate earlier detection, characterization, and management of cancer through non-invasive means. Recent discoveries in the areas of genomics and oncology have provided a deeper understanding of the molecular origins and evolution of cancer, and of the "one health" similarities between humans and dogs that underlie the field of comparative oncology. These discoveries, combined with technological advances in DNA profiling, are shifting the paradigm for cancer diagnosis toward earlier detection with the goal of improving outcomes. Liquid biopsy testing has already revolutionized the way cancer is managed in human medicine - and it is poised to make a similar impact in veterinary medicine. Multiple clinical use cases for liquid biopsy are emerging, including screening, aid in diagnosis, targeted treatment selection, treatment response monitoring, minimal residual disease detection, and recurrence monitoring. This review article highlights key scientific advances in genomics and their relevance for veterinary oncology, with the goal of providing a foundational introduction to this important topic for veterinarians. As these technologies migrate from human medicine into veterinary medicine, improved awareness and understanding will facilitate their rapid adoption, for the benefit of veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicole Leibman
- The Cancer Institute, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Richard Shen
- RS Technology Ventures LLC., Rancho Santa Fe, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Muhammed Murtaza
- Department of Surgery and Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Luis A. Diaz
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Auger M, Hecht S, Springer CM. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Extradural Spinal Neoplasia in 60 Dogs and Seven Cats. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:610490. [PMID: 33490136 PMCID: PMC7817889 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.610490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study describes the MRI features of extradural spinal neoplasia in 60 dogs and seven cats to identify potential distinguishing features between tumor classes and individual tumor types within each class. In dogs, mesenchymal tumors were most common (48%), with undifferentiated sarcomas being the predominant tumor type. Round cell neoplasms were second most common (35%), with lymphoma and multiple myeloma/plasma cell tumor comprising the majority of cases. Only two benign tumors were identified. In cats, lymphoma was most common (5/7), with one case of mesenchymal neoplasia and one case of metastatic carcinoma. Despite some overlap, certain imaging features were able to help prioritize differential diagnoses. The combined features that predicted round cell neoplasia (84%) included the preservation of vertebral shape, homogeneous contrast enhancement, and lesion centering on bone. The combined features that predicted mesenchymal neoplasia (73%) included altered vertebral shape, heterogeneous contrast enhancement, and lesion centering on paraspinal soft tissues. Round cell neoplasms were more likely to have cortical sparing, preservation of overall shape, lesion centering on bone, small soft tissue tumor size, and homogeneous contrast enhancement. Both epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms were more likely to have cortical lysis, a cavitary component to the soft tissue mass and medium to large soft tissue mass size. The findings of this study can aid in prioritizing differential diagnoses in cases of extradural spinal neoplasia in cats and dogs, which can impact case management, but tissue sampling remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Auger
- Animages, Longueuil, QC, Canada.,Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Cary M Springer
- Research Computing Support, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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17
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Grapes NJ, Packer RMA, De Decker S. Clinical reasoning in canine cervical hyperaesthesia: which presenting features are important? Vet Rec 2020; 187:448. [PMID: 32917838 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate whether clinical features from the history, presentation, physical and neurological examination of dogs with cervical hyperaesthesia are statistically predictive of the underlying diagnosis. METHODS Two hundred and ninety-eight dogs presenting with cervical hyperaesthesia between January 2010 and October 2018 were investigated. Only neurologically normal dogs with cervical hyperaesthesia on examination were included, while those with concurrent neurological deficits including gait abnormalities and proprioceptive deficits were excluded. Univariate analysis of clinical variables was performed, and those associated with each diagnosis were retained for multivariable binary logistic regression models. RESULTS Ninety-five per cent of cervical hyperaesthesia presentations were represented by eight conditions that included steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA; n=100), intervertebral disc extrusion (n=78), syringomyelia (SM; n=51), intervertebral disc protrusion (n=30), neoplasia (n=8), cervical spondylomyelopathy (n=7), immune-mediated polyarthritis (n=5) and meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology (n=5). Younger age (P=0.003), pyrexia (P=0.003) and haematology abnormalities (P=0.03) comprising leucocytosis, neutrophilia or monocytosis were associated with a diagnosis of SRMA. CONCLUSIONS Easy-to-recognise clinical features can be used to identify the most likely differential diagnosis in neurologically normal dogs with cervical hyperaesthesia, which may aid the decision making of veterinary surgeons evaluating dogs with this presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas John Grapes
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | | | - Steven De Decker
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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18
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Green M, Pumarola M, Targett M, vanLelyveld S, Lowrie M. Malignant trigeminal nerve Schwannoma diagnosed via biopsy of the infraorbital nerve in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marti Pumarola
- Department of Animal Medicine and SurgeryUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBellaterraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mike Targett
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughUK
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19
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Hans EC, Dudley RM, Watson AT, Chalkley M, Foss KD, Bancroft A, Prescott DM. Long-term outcome following surgical and radiation treatment of vertebral angiomatosis in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:1604-1609. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.12.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Lourinho F, Trevail R, Craig A, Carrera I. Presumptive malignant nerve sheath tumour affecting the cauda equina and caudal nerves of a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Craig
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists LLPRingwoodUK
| | - Ines Carrera
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
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21
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Barker DA, Palus V, Eminaga S, Cherubini GB. Axis dorsal laminotomy in dogs: a retrospective analysis of 10 cases. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Anthony Barker
- SurgeryDick White ReferralsNewmarketUK
- Paragon Veterinary ReferralsWakefieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Viktor Palus
- Elpa Veterinary ClinicTrencinSlovakia
- NeurologyDick White ReferralsNewmarketUK
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22
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McNaught KA, Morris J, Lazzerini K, Millins C, José‐López R. Spinal extradural T-cell lymphoma with paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia in a dog: clinicopathological features, treatment, and outcome. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:999-1005. [PMID: 29881551 PMCID: PMC5986171 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal lymphoma is a rare manifestation of a common canine hematopoietic neoplasia. Description of treatment, outcome, and MRI features are scarce. The latter can be heterogeneous, stressing the importance of lesion excision and analysis. Clinicians should also be aware of hypereosinophilia as accompanying paraneoplastic syndrome and its potential prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A. McNaught
- Small Animal HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowBearsden RoadGlasgowG61 1QHUK
| | - Joanna Morris
- Small Animal HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowBearsden RoadGlasgowG61 1QHUK
| | - Kali Lazzerini
- Small Animal HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowBearsden RoadGlasgowG61 1QHUK
| | - Caroline Millins
- Division of Pathology, Public Health and Disease InvestigationSchool of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowBearsden RoadGlasgowG61 1QHUK
| | - Roberto José‐López
- Small Animal HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowBearsden RoadGlasgowG61 1QHUK
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23
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Lacassagne K, Hearon K, Berg J, Séguin B, Hoyt L, Byer B, Selmic LE. Canine spinal meningiomas and nerve sheath tumours in 34 dogs (2008-2016): Distribution and long-term outcome based upon histopathology and treatment modality. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:344-351. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Lacassagne
- Department of Surgery; Veterinary Specialty Center of Seattle; Lynnwood Washington
| | - K. Hearon
- Department of Surgery; Metropolitan Veterinary Associates; Valley Forge Pennsylvania
| | - J. Berg
- Department of Neurology; Guardian Veterinary Specialists; Brewster New York
| | - B. Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - L. Hoyt
- Department of Radiology; Blue Pearl; New York New York
| | - B. Byer
- College of Veterinary medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - L. E. Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
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24
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Hammond JJ, deLahunta A, Glass EN, Kent M, Summers BA, Miller AD. Feline spinal cord gliomas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 26:513-520. [PMID: 24821692 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714533118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraparenchymal spinal cord tumors in the cat are rarely reported and often as single case reports. In the current study, the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histologic, and immunohistochemical features of 7 cases of intraparenchymal spinal cord tumors in the cat are described. All cats were domestic breed, ranged from 4 to 12 years of age (median 8 years), and included spayed females (5/7) and neutered males (2/7). The duration of clinical signs ranged from 2 weeks to 3 months. MRI revealed lesions that were hyperintense on T2-weighted images with variable contrast enhancement. All 7 tumors had histologic features consistent with glial origin: 3 were astrocytic (gemistocytic or fibrous), and 2 were oligoastrocytic. Single cases of oligodendroglioma and gliomatosis cerebri were also present in the study. Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity was robust in the tumors that were predominately astrocytic, and the gliomatosis cerebri case had extensive BLA.36 and Iba1 immunoreactivity. Ki-67 immunoreactivity was variable and most abundant in the case of malignant oligoastrocytoma. The majority of peritumoral lymphocytes were CD3 positive. The current study expands upon the known reports of spinal cord neoplasia in the cat, confirms a caudal cervical segment predilection, and includes a report of gliomatosis cerebri in the spinal cord of a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Hammond
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
| | - Alexander deLahunta
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
| | - Eric N Glass
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
| | - Marc Kent
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
| | - Brian A Summers
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT (Hammond).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (deLahunta, Miller).,Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (Glass).,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Kent).,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK (Summers)
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25
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Mayousse V, Desquilbet L, Jeandel A, Blot S. Prevalence of neurological disorders in French bulldog: a retrospective study of 343 cases (2002-2016). BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:212. [PMID: 28676057 PMCID: PMC5497356 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background French Bulldog (FB) has significantly gained in popularity over the last few years, and seems to be frequently affected by various neurological conditions. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the prevalences of neurological diseases in a large population of FB, presented with neurological signs between 2002 and 2016, and for which a definitive diagnosis was established. A secondary objective was to identify epidemiological characteristics regarding specific diseases in this singular breed. Results During the study period, 533 FBs were presented for neurological signs, representing 18.7% of all admitted FBs (N = 2846). In total, 343 FBs with definitive diagnosis were included in this descriptive epidemiological study. Hansen type I intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH) was by far the most common neurological disorder (45.5% of all cases). The IVDH location was cervical in 39.8%, and thoracolumbar in 60.2% of cases. The median ages for cervical and thoracolumbar IVDH were 4.2 and 4 years, respectively. C3-C4 was the most commonly affected disk (57.8% of cervical IDVH) all locations combined. Spinal arachnoid diverticulum (SAD) was detected in 25 FBs, representing the second most common myelopathy (11.3%). A concurrent spinal abnormality was identified in 64.0% of SAD cases. Brain tumours represented 36.8% of encephalopathies, with glioma (confirmed or suspected) being the most common. Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) represented 25.0% of brain disorders, females less than 5.5 years being more likely to be affected. Aside from central nervous system conditions, otitis interna associated with peripheral vestibular signs and bilateral congenital deafness (associated with white coat) were also common. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that FB seems to be prone to several neurological diseases. IVDH is clearly predominant in FB and cervical location seems more represented than in other breeds. FBs affected by IVDH tend to be younger than previously described, either for both cervical and thoracolumbar locations. Thoracic SAD was the second most common myelopathy, with a concurrent spinal anomaly identified in two thirds of the cases. MUO was more likely to affect young to middle-aged females. These findings could be of interest for owners, breeders, practicing veterinarians and insurance companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mayousse
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), Unité de Neurologie, 7 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France. .,Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000, Créteil, France. .,UMR BNMS Neurobiologie, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, 7 avenue du General de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons Alfort, France.
| | - Loïc Desquilbet
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), Unité de Biostatistiques et d'Epidémiologie Clinique, 7 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Aurélien Jeandel
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), Unité de Neurologie, 7 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Present adress: Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Buisiness Park, Higham Gobion, Herts, SG5 3HR, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Blot
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), Unité de Neurologie, 7 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000, Créteil, France.,UMR BNMS Neurobiologie, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, 7 avenue du General de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons Alfort, France
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26
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Besalti O, Caliskan M, Can P, Vural SA, Algin O, Ahlat O. Imaging and surgical outcomes of spinal tumors in 18 dogs and one cat. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:225-34. [PMID: 26645333 PMCID: PMC4921671 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, histological appearances and surgical outcomes of 18 dogs and one cat with spinal tumors are presented. Medical records of the cases admitted for spinal disorders were reviewed, and cases of spinal tumors that were diagnosed by MRI and confirmed by histological examination were included in this study. T1 weighted, T2 weighted and contrast enhanced T1 weighted images were taken and interpreted to evaluate the spinal tumors. The tumors were diagnosed as: meningioma (n = 6), ependymoma (n = 1), nerve sheath tumor (n = 4), metastatic spinal tumor (n = 3), osteosarcoma (n = 2), osteoma (n = 1), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 1), and nephroblastoma (n = 1). Thirteen cases underwent surgical operation and the remaining six cases were euthanized at the request of the owners. The neurological status of the surgical cases did not deteriorate, except for one dog that showed ependymoma in the early period after the operation. These results indicate the potential for surgical gross total tumor removal of vertebral tumors to provide better quality of life and surgical collection of histological specimens for definitive diagnosis. For effective case management, dedicated MRI examination is important to accurate evaluation of the spinal tumors, and surgical treatment is useful for extradural and intradural-extramedullary spinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Besalti
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Murat Caliskan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Pinar Can
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Sevil Atalay Vural
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Oktay Algin
- Radiology Department, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ozan Ahlat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
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27
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Masciarelli AE, Griffin JF, Fosgate GT, Hecht S, Mankin JM, Holmes SP, Platt SR, Kent M, Pancotto TE, Chen AV, Levine JM. Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging for the differentiation of inflammatory, neoplastic, and vascular intradural spinal cord diseases in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 58:444-453. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Masciarelli
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; TX 77843
| | - John F. Griffin
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; TX 77843
| | - Geoffrey T. Fosgate
- The Department of Production Animal Studies; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Silke Hecht
- The Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine; Knoxville TN 37996
| | - Joseph M. Mankin
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; TX 77843
| | - Shannon P. Holmes
- The Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging; University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine; Athens GA 30602
| | - Simon R. Platt
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine; Athens GA 30602
| | - Marc Kent
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine; Athens GA 30602
| | - Theresa E. Pancotto
- The Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine; Blacksburg VA 24061
| | - Annie V. Chen
- The Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164
| | - Jonathan M. Levine
- The Department of Production Animal Studies; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
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28
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Abstract
Spinal cord glioma is uncommonly reported in dogs. We describe the clinicopathologic and diagnostic features of 7 cases of canine spinal cord glioma and briefly review the veterinary literature on this topic. The median age at presentation was 7.2 y. Six females and 1 male were affected and 4 dogs were brachycephalic. The clinical course lasted from 3 d to 12 wk, and clinical signs were progressive and associated with multiple suspected neuroanatomic locations in the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging of 6 cases revealed T2-weighted hyperintense lesions with variable contrast enhancement in the spinal cord. All dogs had a presumptive clinical diagnosis of intraparenchymal neoplasia or myelitis based on history, advanced imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Euthanasia was elected in all cases because of poor outcome despite anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive treatment or because of poor prognosis at the time of diagnosis. Tumor location during autopsy ranged from C1 to L6, with no clear predilection for a specific spinal cord segment. The diagnosis was based on histopathology and the immunohistochemistry expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2, 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and Ki-67. Diagnoses consisted of 4 cases of oligodendroglioma, 2 cases of gliomatosis cerebri, and 1 astrocytoma. This case series further defines the clinicopathologic features of canine spinal glioma and highlights the need for comprehensive immunohistochemistry in addition to routine histopathology to confirm the diagnosis of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
| | - Renee Barber
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
| | - Annabelle Burnum
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
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29
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Roynard PFP, Bilderback A, Falzone C, Stefanacci JD, Cherubini GB. Magnetic resonance imaging, treatment and outcome of canine vertebral chondrosarcomas. Six cases. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:610-616. [PMID: 27627693 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging features, treatments and outcomes of canine vertebral chondrosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of medical records of dogs with confirmed vertebral chondrosarcoma and magnetic resonance imaging of the lesions, from four different veterinary referral institutions. RESULTS A total of six dogs were included in this report. In all cases, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lobulated mass involving the dorsal vertebral compartment, markedly hyperintense with few foci of hypointensity on T2-weighted images, iso to hypointense on T1-weighted images with contrast enhancement after gadolinium administration. Intralesional surgical resection was performed in three dogs and medical management in one, two dogs were euthanased and all lesions were submitted for histopathology. Magnetic resonance imaging findings correlated with histological findings of a low tumour grade. Rapid clinical improvement was noted after surgery but two of three dogs had local regrowth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Chondrosarcomas show local aggressiveness and resistance to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and so prognosis depends on feasibility of en bloc resection. Magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful in establishing a presumptive diagnosis and prognosis based on the feasibility of surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F P Roynard
- Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY, 11803, USA. .,Fipapharm, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - A Bilderback
- Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY, 11803, USA
| | - C Falzone
- Clinica Veterinaria Pedrani, 14-36030, Zugliano (VI), Italy
| | - J D Stefanacci
- Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY, 11803, USA
| | - G B Cherubini
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH
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30
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Chaves R, Bazzi T, Copat B, Feranti J, Müller D, Corrêa L, Fighera R, Mazzanti A. Gemistocytic astrocytoma in the spinal cord in a dog: a case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper reports a case of a rare variant of the cervical spinal cord astrocytoma diagnosed in a dog with progressive neurological signs, initially asymmetrical, not ambulatory tetraparesis, segmental reflexes and normal muscle tone in all four limbs and absence of pain upon palpation of the cervical spine. Myelography revealed attenuation of the ventral and dorsal contrast line in the third region of the fifth cervical vertebra. At necropsy intramedullary cylindrical mass that stretched from the third to the sixth cervical vertebra, which replaced all the gray matter of the spinal cord was observed. In the histological study, there was the replacement of the substance by neoplastic cells mantle arranged loosely. The cells were large and slightly rounded. The eosinophilic cytoplasm was well defined, sometimes forming processes interconnecting cells. The nucleus was eccentric, round, oval or kidney-shaped, and the nucleolus was evident. Thus, the microscopic changes observed in the cervical spinal cord were consistent with gemistocytic astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Bazzi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - B. Copat
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Brazil
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31
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Tellegen AR, Willems N, Tryfonidou MA, Meij BP. Pedicle screw-rod fixation: a feasible treatment for dogs with severe degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:299. [PMID: 26642756 PMCID: PMC4672470 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis is a common problem in large breed dogs. For severe degenerative lumbosacral stenosis, conservative treatment is often not effective and surgical intervention remains as the last treatment option. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the middle to long term outcome of treatment of severe degenerative lumbosacral stenosis with pedicle screw-rod fixation with or without evidence of radiological discospondylitis. Results Twelve client-owned dogs with severe degenerative lumbosacral stenosis underwent pedicle screw-rod fixation of the lumbosacral junction. During long term follow-up, dogs were monitored by clinical evaluation, diagnostic imaging, force plate analysis, and by using questionnaires to owners. Clinical evaluation, force plate data, and responses to questionnaires completed by the owners showed resolution (n = 8) or improvement (n = 4) of clinical signs after pedicle screw-rod fixation in 12 dogs. There were no implant failures, however, no interbody vertebral bone fusion of the lumbosacral junction was observed in the follow-up period. Four dogs developed mild recurrent low back pain that could easily be controlled by pain medication and an altered exercise regime. Conclusions Pedicle screw-rod fixation offers a surgical treatment option for large breed dogs with severe degenerative lumbosacral stenosis with or without evidence of radiological discospondylitis in which no other treatment is available. Pedicle screw-rod fixation alone does not result in interbody vertebral bone fusion between L7 and S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Tellegen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicole Willems
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marianna A Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Björn P Meij
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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32
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Binanti D, De Zani D, Fantinato E, Allevi G, Sironi G, Zani DD. Intradural-extramedullary haemangioblastoma with paraspinal extension in a dog. Aust Vet J 2015; 93:460-5. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Binanti
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - D De Zani
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - E Fantinato
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - G Allevi
- Private practitioner; Bergamo Italy
| | - G Sironi
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - DD Zani
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
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33
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Cardy TJA, De Decker S, Kenny PJ, Volk HA. Clinical reasoning in canine spinal disease: what combination of clinical information is useful? Vet Rec 2015. [PMID: 26198211 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Spinal disease in dogs is commonly encountered in veterinary practice. Numerous diseases may cause similar clinical signs and presenting histories. The study objective was to use statistical models to identify combinations of discrete parameters from the patient signalment, history and neurological examination that could suggest the most likely diagnoses with statistical significance. A retrospective study of 500 dogs referred to the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals before June 2012 for the investigation of spinal disease was performed. Details regarding signalment, history, physical and neurological examinations, neuroanatomical localisation and imaging data were obtained. Univariate analyses of variables (breed, age, weight, onset, deterioration, pain, asymmetry, neuroanatomical localisation) were performed, and variables were retained in a multivariate logistic regression model if P<0.05. Leading diagnoses were intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE, n=149), intervertebral disc protrusion (n=149), ischaemic myelopathy (IM, n=48) and neoplasms (n=44). Multivariate logistic regression characterised IM and acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusions as the only peracute onset, non-progressive, non-painful and asymmetrical T3-L3 myelopathies. IVDE was most commonly characterised as acute onset, often deteriorating, painful and largely symmetrical T3-L3 myelopathy. This study suggests that most spinal diseases cause distinctive combinations of presenting clinical parameters (signalment, onset, deterioration, pain, asymmetry, neuroanatomical localisation). Taking particular account of these parameters may aid decision making in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J A Cardy
- Department of Clinical Science & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - S De Decker
- Department of Clinical Science & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - P J Kenny
- Department of Clinical Science & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - H A Volk
- Department of Clinical Science & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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34
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Paek M, Glass E, Kent M, Clifford CA, De Lahunta A. Primary Lumbar Extradural Hemangiosarcoma in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2015; 51:191-6. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 9 yr old castrated male golden retriever weighing 36 kg was presented for evaluation of progressive left pelvic limb paresis and fecal and urinary incontinence. MRI demonstrated an extradural, ovoid mass compressing the lumbar spinal cord. Surgical excision of the mass was performed. Histologically, the mass was consistent with hemangiosarcoma with no involvement of the adjacent vertebrae. The dog underwent a doxorubicin-based chemotherapy protocol with the addition of oral cyclophosphamide. After completion of chemotherapy, the dog was evaluated q 4 mo for restaging. Clinicopathological evidence of primary tumor recurrence or metastatic disease was not detected for 15 mo after initial diagnosis and treatment. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a primary extradural hemangiosarcoma in the lumbar vertebral column in a dog. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Paek
- From the Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ, (M.P., E.G., C.C.); Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (M.K.); and Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.D.)
| | - Eric Glass
- From the Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ, (M.P., E.G., C.C.); Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (M.K.); and Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.D.)
| | | | | | - Alexander De Lahunta
- From the Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ, (M.P., E.G., C.C.); Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (M.K.); and Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.D.)
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35
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Marinho P, Zani C, Jark P, Minto B, Costa M. Partial lateral corpectomy associated with pediculectomy to treat extradural chondroma in a dog: technique description. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-7157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe in detail the surgical technique of partial lateral corpectomy (PLC) associated with pediculectomy to treat an in vitroextradural chondroma. A 12-year old female Cocker Spaniel was seen in the hospital with proprioceptive ataxia of hind limbs associated with extradural compression between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae. The owner opted for euthanasia since the patient's condition changed due to simultaneous illnesses that culminated in a poor prognosis. The patient's body was formally ceded to perform experimental spinal decompression. The technique was effective to completely remove the epidural mass with minimal manipulation of the spinal cord.
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36
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Wrzosek M, Płonek M, Zeira O, Bieżyński J, Kinda W, Guziński M. Congenital bipartite atlas with hypodactyly in a dog: clinical, radiographic and CT findings. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:375-8. [PMID: 24635705 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A three-year-old Border collie was diagnosed with a bipartite atlas and bilateral forelimb hypodactyly. The dog showed signs of acute, non-progressive neck pain, general stiffness and right thoracic limb non-weight-bearing lameness. Computed tomography imaging revealed a bipartite atlas with abaxial vertical bone proliferation, which was the cause of the clinical signs. In addition, bilateral hypodactyly of the second and fifth digits was incidentally found. This report suggests that hypodactyly may be associated with atlas malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wrzosek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, 50-366, Poland
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37
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Sarto CG, Hage MCFNS, Guimarães LD, Giglio RF, Borges APB, Vulcano LC. The role of B-mode ultrasonography in the musculoskeletal anatomical evaluation of the cervical region of the dog spine. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized the normal musculoskeletal anatomy of the cervical segment of the spine of dogs by means of B-mode ultrasonography. The objective was to establish the role of B-mode ultrasonography for the anatomical evaluation of the cervical spine segment in dogs, by comparing the ultrasonographic findings with images by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The ultrasound examination, in transverse and median sagittal sections, allowed to identify a part of the epaxial cervical musculature, the bone surface of the cervical vertebrae and parts of the spinal cord through restricted areas with natural acoustic windows, such as between the atlanto-occipital joint, axis and atlas, and axis and the third cervical vertebra. The images, on transverse and sagittal planes, by low-field magnetic resonance imaging, were superior for the anatomical identification of the structures, due to higher contrast between the different tissues in this modality. Computed tomography showed superiority for bone detailing when compared with ultrasonography. As for magnetic resonance imaging, in addition to the muscles and cervical vertebrae, it is possible to identify the cerebrospinal fluid and differentiate between the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral discs. Although not the scope of this study, with knowledge of the ultrasonographic anatomy of this region, it is believed that some lesions can be identified, yet in a limited manner, when compared with the information obtained mainly with magnetic resonance imaging. The ultrasound examination presented lower morphology diagnostic value compared with the other modalities.
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38
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Cooper JJ, Young BD, Griffin JF, Fosgate GT, Levine JM. Comparison between noncontrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for detection and characterization of thoracolumbar myelopathy caused by intervertebral disk herniation in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:182-9. [PMID: 24118546 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are commonly used to evaluate dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy; however, relative diagnostic sensitivities for these two modalities have not been previously reported. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare diagnostic sensitivity and observer agreement for MRI and CT in a group of dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy due to surgically confirmed intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH). All included dogs had magnetic resonance (MR) imaging followed by noncontrast CT using standardized protocols. Three experienced observers interpreted each imaging study independently without knowledge of clinical or surgical findings. The operating surgeon was aware of MR findings but not CT findings at the time surgical findings were recorded. Forty-four dogs met the inclusion criteria. The sensitivity of CT was 88.6% (79.5%-94.2%) and of MR was 98.5% (95% confidence interval, 94.1%-99.7%) for diagnosis of intervertebral disk herniation. Specificity was not calculated, as all dogs had IVDH at surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging was more accurate than CT for identifying the site of intervertebral disk herniation-associated spinal cord compression and differentiating disk extrusion vs. protrusion. Computed tomography was less accurate for lesion localization in per acute cases, as well as for chondrodystrophic, female, older and smaller (<7 kg) dogs. Inter-rater agreement was good for lesion lateralization for both MR and CT (κ = 0.687, 95% CI = 0.552, 0.822, P = 0.002, and κ = 0.692, 95% CI = 0.542, 0.842, P = 0.003). Findings from the current study indicated that MR imaging was more sensitive and accurate than noncontrast CT for diagnosis and characterization of thoracolumbar myelopathy due to IVDH in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn J Cooper
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
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39
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Pancotto T, Rossmeisl J, Zimmerman K, Robertson J, Werre S. Intramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasia in 53 Dogs (1990-2010): Distribution, Clinicopathologic Characteristics, and Clinical Behavior. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1500-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T.E. Pancotto
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Blacksburg VA
| | - J.H. Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Blacksburg VA
| | - K. Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology ; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Blacksburg VA
| | - J.L. Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology ; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Blacksburg VA
| | - S.R. Werre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology ; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Blacksburg VA
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40
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de la Fuente C, Pumarola M, Añor S. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-SPINAL EPIDURAL HEMANGIOSARCOMA IN A DOG. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:424-7. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Clinical Science; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Clinical Science; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Sònia Añor
- Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
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41
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Oliveira M, De La Fuente C, Pumarola M, Añor S. Imaging diagnosis: cranial cervical intraspinal schwannoma in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:300-4. [PMID: 23738896 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old, intact female Golden Retriever was presented with acute tetraplegia. Neurologic examination was consistent with a C1-C5 myelopathy. On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging a well-defined, extradural mass was detected within the spinal canal at the level of C1-C2. The mass was isointense to normal spinal cord gray matter on T1-weighted (T1W) images, hyperintense on T2-weighted (T2W), and gradient-echo (GE) images, and enhanced homogeneously after intravenous contrast administration. MR imaging features were mainly consistent with a meningioma. Surgical treatment was refused by the owners, and the dog was euthanized. Postmortem examination demonstrated that the intraspinal mass was a schwannoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oliveira
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Martins B, Torres B, Rodriguez A, Gamba C, Cassali G, Lavalle G, Martins G, Melo E. Clinical and pathological aspects of multicentric hemangiosarcoma in a Pinscher dog. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352013000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old female Pinscher dog was presented with a history of lameness and pain in hind limbs for one week which acutely progressed to non-ambulatory paraparesis. The dog had been apathetic and anorexic during the six days prior to presentation. The neurological findings were compatible with upper motor neuron signs to the left hind limb due to a spinal cord compressive mass on the twelfth thoracic vertebral body. On the other hand, signs of lower motor neurons to the right hind limb were due to a mass with a pathological fracture in the right proximal femur, compressing the sciatic nerve. A histopathological analysis of all organs revealedthe proliferation of endothelial cells showingin filtrative growth and organization into vascular structures with a solid pattern. In addition, immunohistochemycal analysis revealed low proliferation index and citoplasmatic positivity for CD-31, confirming the vascular nature of the neoplasm. Clinical, histopathological and immunophenotipical findings were consistent with hemangiosarcoma.
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43
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Mieres M, Gómez MA, Lillo C, Rojas MA, Moroni M, Muñoz P, Acosta-Jamett G, Wiegand R. Clinical, imaging, and pathologic characteristics of Gurltia paralysans myelopathy in domestic cats from Chile. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 54:237-44. [PMID: 23464605 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gurltia paralysans is a rare metastrongylid nematode of domestic cats that is found mainly in the veins of the spinal cord subarachnoid space and parenchyma. Endemic regions for G. paralysans mainly include Chile and Argentina. The ante mortem diagnosis of gurltiosis is difficult and based primarily on neurological signs, epidemiological factors, and the exclusion of other causes of feline myelopathies. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe clinical, imaging, and pathologic characteristics in nine domestic cats naturally infected with G. paralysans. Imaging tests included radiography, myelography, computed tomographic myelography (myelo-CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neurological signs included paraparesis, paraplegia, pelvic limb ataxia and proprioceptive deficits, pelvic limb tremors, lumbosacral hyperesthesia, and tail trembling or atony. Complete blood count findings included a decrease in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration value in eight cats. Eosinophilia in peripheral blood was observed in three cats, and thrombocytopenia was observed in three cats. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mononuclear pleocytosis in five cases. Myelo-CT showed diffuse enlargement of the spinal cord at the midthoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions in all cats. Magnetic resonance image findings in the thoracic and lumbar region demonstrated multiple small nodular areas of T2 hyperintensity in the periphery of the spinal cord parenchyma. Localized intraparenchymal areas of increased T2 intensity were also observed in the thoracolumbar spinal cord and lumbosacral conus medullaris. In conclusion, G. paralysans should be considered as a differential diagnosis for domestic cats in endemic regions that have this combination of clinical and imaging characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Mieres
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia Chile.
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