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Khamdan F, Brailsford C, Dirr MA, Sagut P, Nietert PJ, Elston D. Dermatofibroma Versus Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Nuclear Morphology Study. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:631-634. [PMID: 37625803 PMCID: PMC10463235 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The locally invasive soft-tissue sarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSPs), shares certain histologic features of the much more common and benign dermatofibroma (DF). While immunohistochemical stains, specifically cluster of differentiation 34 and Factor XIIIa, can be used to distinguish the 2 entities using microscopy, these markers are not entirely sensitive nor specific. Three-dimensionally, DFSP nuclei resemble a "puck" or "coin"-like shape. As hematoxylin/eosin-stained slides are prepared, these "puck" nuclei are fixed in an infinite number of orientations depending on their current position in rotation about their axes within the tumor cells. Under histological examination, this random nuclear positioning produces the appearance of 2 predominate morphologies: an ovoid "disk" shape (en face) and a narrow spindled shape (side view), which distribute in a roughly 50:50 ratio throughout the tumor sample slide. Nuclear morphology was analyzed in 324 DFSP and DF samples at high magnification (×400) to determine the presence or absence of a predominant morphology in which nuclei appear to alternate between an ovoid (en face) and spindled (side view) throughout most of the tumor sample. An alternating ovoid-spindled nuclear morphology was the predominant cytology in 98% of DFSP and was not predominant in 100% of DF samples (P < 0.001). This morphology was found to be highly specific (Sp = 1) and sensitive (Sn = 0.98) for DFSP. This unique nuclear morphology may be a more sensitive and specific diagnostic tool in identifying DFSP from DF in comparison with costly immunohistochemical stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Khamdan
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Caroline Brailsford
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - McKenzie A. Dirr
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Pelin Sagut
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Paul J. Nietert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Dirk Elston
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Rujeedawa T, Mowforth O, Kotter M, Davies B. Rapidly Deteriorating Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Following Ventricular Shunt Revision for Hydrocephalus: Case Report. Interact J Med Res 2023; 12:e48222. [PMID: 37639306 PMCID: PMC10495845 DOI: 10.2196/48222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A female patient in her early 40s presented with a several-month history of gait unsteadiness and dragging her left leg. She had a background of congenital hydrocephalus, treated with a ventriculoatrial shunt. On examination, she had increased tone and brisk reflexes in the lower limbs and a positive Hoffmann sign. A computed tomography (CT) scan and shunt series x-rays identified hydrocephalus secondary to a disconnected shunt. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her cervical spine was also performed as part of the workup for her presenting symptoms and demonstrated features compatible with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). The patient subsequently underwent a shunt revision. Following the operation, her walking and hand function deteriorated over a period of several weeks. She consequently underwent an anterior cervical decompression and fusion for DCM, which partially improved her symptoms. The sequence of events suggests that the shunt surgery may have precipitated a worsening of the DCM. Possible explanations include spinal cord injury related to neck extension or hypoperfusion during intubation and general anesthesia or the loss of cerebrospinal fluid cushioning following the reinstitution of effective cerebrospinal fluid shunting. Surgeons should be alert to this possibility and offer prompt surgical intervention for DCM if required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzil Rujeedawa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Mowforth
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Kotter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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McEntee SC, Jackman CM, Weigt DM, Dunn WR, Kashyap V, Kraft R, Louis CK, Branduardi‐Raymont G, Gladstone GR, Gallagher PT. Comparing Jupiter's Equatorial X-Ray Emissions With Solar X-Ray Flux Over 19 Years of the Chandra Mission. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2022; 127:e2022JA030971. [PMID: 37032656 PMCID: PMC10078327 DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a statistical study of Jupiter's disk X-ray emissions using 19 years of Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO) observations. Previous work has suggested that these emissions are consistent with solar X-rays elastically scattered from Jupiter's upper atmosphere. We showcase a new pulse invariant (PI) filtering method that minimizes instrumental effects which may produce unphysical trends in photon counts across the nearly two-decade span of the observations. We compare the CXO results with solar X-ray flux data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites X-ray Sensor for the wavelength band 1-8 Å (long channel), to quantify the correlation between solar activity and Jovian disk counts. We find a statistically significant Pearson's Correlation Coefficient of 0.9, which confirms that emitted Jovian disk X-rays are predominantly governed by solar activity. We also utilize the high spatial resolution of the High Resolution Camera Instrument on-board the CXO to map the disk photons to their positions on Jupiter's surface. Voronoi tessellation diagrams were constructed with the Juno Reference Model through Perijove 9 internal field model overlaid to identify any spatial preference of equatorial photons. After accounting for area and scattering across the curved surface of the planet, we find a preference of Jovian disk emission at 2-3.5 Gauss surface magnetic field strength. This suggests that a portion of the disk X-rays may be linked to processes other than solar scattering: the spatial preference associated with magnetic field strength may imply increased precipitation from the radiation belts, as previously postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. C. McEntee
- School of Cosmic PhysicsDIAS Dunsink ObservatoryDublin Institute for Advanced StudiesDublinIreland
- School of PhysicsTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - C. M. Jackman
- School of Cosmic PhysicsDIAS Dunsink ObservatoryDublin Institute for Advanced StudiesDublinIreland
| | - D. M. Weigt
- School of Cosmic PhysicsDIAS Dunsink ObservatoryDublin Institute for Advanced StudiesDublinIreland
| | - W. R. Dunn
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/BirkbeckLondonUK
| | - V. Kashyap
- Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsSmithsonian Astrophysical ObservatoryCambridgeMAUSA
| | - R. Kraft
- Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsSmithsonian Astrophysical ObservatoryCambridgeMAUSA
| | - C. K. Louis
- School of Cosmic PhysicsDIAS Dunsink ObservatoryDublin Institute for Advanced StudiesDublinIreland
| | - G. Branduardi‐Raymont
- Mullard Space Science LaboratoryDepartment of Space and Climate PhysicsUniversity College LondonDorkingUK
| | - G. R. Gladstone
- Space Science and Engineering DivisionSouthwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - P. T. Gallagher
- School of Cosmic PhysicsDIAS Dunsink ObservatoryDublin Institute for Advanced StudiesDublinIreland
- School of PhysicsTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
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Liu Y, Lin G, Bao G, Guan M, Yang L, Liu Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Liao J, Fang G, Di X, Huang G, Zhou J, Cheng YY, Jin D. Stratified Disk Microrobots with Dynamic Maneuverability and Proton-Activatable Luminescence for in Vivo Imaging. ACS Nano 2021; 15:19924-19937. [PMID: 34714044 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microrobots can expand our abilities to access remote, confined, and enclosed spaces. Their potential applications inside our body are obvious, e.g., to diagnose diseases, deliver medicine, and monitor treatment efficacy. However, critical requirements exist in relation to their operations in gastrointestinal environments, including resistance to strong gastric acid, responsivity to a narrow proton variation window, and locomotion in confined cavities with hierarchical terrains. Here, we report a proton-activatable microrobot to enable real-time, repeated, and site-selective pH sensing and monitoring in physiological relevant environments. This is achieved by stratifying a hydrogel disk to combine a range of functional nanomaterials, including proton-responsive molecular switches, upconversion nanoparticles, and near-infrared (NIR) emitters. By leveraging the 3D magnetic gradient fields and the anisotropic composition, the microrobot can be steered to locomote as a gyrating "Euler's disk", i.e., aslant relative to the surface and along its low-friction outer circumference, exhibiting a high motility of up to 60 body lengths/s. The enhanced magnetomotility can boost the pH-sensing kinetics by 2-fold. The fluorescence of the molecular switch can respond to pH variations with over 600-fold enhancement when the pH decreases from 8 to 1, and the integration of upconversion nanoparticles further allows both the efficient sensitization of NIR light through deep tissue and energy transfer to activate the pH probes. Moreover, the embedded down-shifting NIR emitters provide sufficient contrast for imaging of a single microrobot inside a live mouse. This work suggests great potential in developing multifunctional microrobots to perform generic site-selective tasks in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Gungun Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Guochen Bao
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Ming Guan
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan Qu, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Yang
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan Qu, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Dejiang Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Xun Zhang
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan Qu, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiayan Liao
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Guocheng Fang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Xiangjun Di
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Guan Huang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan Qu, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Andrew Mahr, Meghan Cichon, Sophia Mateo, Cinthya Grajeda, Ibrahim Baggili. Zooming into the pandemic! A forensic analysis of the Zoom Application. Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation 2021; 36. [PMID: 37522032 PMCID: PMC9767471 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsidi.2021.301107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has turned the spotlight on video conferencing applications like never before. In this critical time, applications such as Zoom have experienced a surge in its user base jump over the 300 million daily mark (ZoomBlog, 2020). The increase in use has led malicious actors to exploit the application, and in many cases perform Zoom Bombings. Therefore forensically examining Zoom is inevitable. Our work details the primary disk, network, and memory forensic analysis of the Zoom video conferencing application. Results demonstrate it is possible to find users' critical information in plain text and/or encrypted/encoded, such as chat messages, names, email addresses, passwords, and much more through network captures, forensic imaging of digital devices, and memory forensics. Furthermore we elaborate on interesting anti-forensics techniques employed by the Zoom application when contacts are deleted from the Zoom application's contact list.
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Abstract
Lumbar intervertebral disk protrusion can cause excruciating pain in severe cases, which can be exacerbated by activity such as sitting down and straining at stool. Acute sciatica due to disk rupture will improve within 1 to 3 months. The efficacy of drugs used for the management of sciatica in primary care is unclear. Severe cases can require opioid analgesia, however people taking opioids for pain relief frequently present with opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. The use of transforaminal steroid injections is a controversial issue and repeat steroid injections should be considered in light of the risk-benefit profile of the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Conroy
- Dr. Liam Conroy is Director, Department of Pain Medicine, Mercy University Hospital , Cork , Ireland
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Kim CH, Shin KH, Chung CK, Park SB, Kim JH. Changes in cervical sagittal alignment after single-level posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical diskectomy. Global Spine J 2015; 5:31-8. [PMID: 25648214 PMCID: PMC4303481 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1395423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Design Case series. Objective Posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical diskectomy (PECD) can preserve the disk in patients with a foraminal disk herniation. However, progressive angulation at the operated segment is a concern, especially for patients with cervical lordosis < 10 degrees. The change in cervical lordosis after posterior PECD was analyzed. Methods Medical records were reviewed of 32 consecutive patients (22 men, 10 women; mean age, 49 ± 12 years) who had single-level foraminal soft disk herniation. The operation levels were as follows: C4-5 in 1 patient, C5-6 in 12, C6-7 in 18, and C7-T1 in 1. All patients were discharged the day after the operation, and neck motion was encouraged. All patients were followed for 30 ± 7 months (range, 24 to 46 months), and 21/32 patients (66%) had radiographs taken at 25 ± 11 months (range, 12 to 45 months). Radiologic parameters were assessed, including cervical curvature (C2-7), segmental Cobb's angle (SA), and anterior and posterior disk height (AH and PH, respectively) at the operative level. Results At the last follow-up, 29/32 patients (91%) had no or minimal pain, and 3/32 patients had occasional pain. SA, AH, and PH were not significantly changed. Cervical lordosis < 10 degrees was present in 10/21 patients preoperatively and in 3/21 patients at the last follow-up. For patients with cervical lordosis < 10 degrees, cervical curvature changed from -2.5 ± 8.0 to -11.3 ± 9.3 degrees (p = 0.01). For patients with cervical lordosis ≥ 10 degrees, cervical curvature changed from -17.5 ± 5.8 to -19.9 ± 5.7 degrees (p = 0.24). Conclusions Cervical curvature does not worsen after posterior PECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Heon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shin Hospital, Kyung-Gi, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chun Kee Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea,Address for correspondence Chun Kee Chung, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744South Korea
| | - Sung Bae Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Cooper JJ, Young BD, Griffin JF, Fosgate GT, Levine JM. Comparison between noncontrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for detection and characterization of thoracolumbar myelopathy caused by intervertebral disk herniation in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:182-9. [PMID: 24118546 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are commonly used to evaluate dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy; however, relative diagnostic sensitivities for these two modalities have not been previously reported. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare diagnostic sensitivity and observer agreement for MRI and CT in a group of dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy due to surgically confirmed intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH). All included dogs had magnetic resonance (MR) imaging followed by noncontrast CT using standardized protocols. Three experienced observers interpreted each imaging study independently without knowledge of clinical or surgical findings. The operating surgeon was aware of MR findings but not CT findings at the time surgical findings were recorded. Forty-four dogs met the inclusion criteria. The sensitivity of CT was 88.6% (79.5%-94.2%) and of MR was 98.5% (95% confidence interval, 94.1%-99.7%) for diagnosis of intervertebral disk herniation. Specificity was not calculated, as all dogs had IVDH at surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging was more accurate than CT for identifying the site of intervertebral disk herniation-associated spinal cord compression and differentiating disk extrusion vs. protrusion. Computed tomography was less accurate for lesion localization in per acute cases, as well as for chondrodystrophic, female, older and smaller (<7 kg) dogs. Inter-rater agreement was good for lesion lateralization for both MR and CT (κ = 0.687, 95% CI = 0.552, 0.822, P = 0.002, and κ = 0.692, 95% CI = 0.542, 0.842, P = 0.003). Findings from the current study indicated that MR imaging was more sensitive and accurate than noncontrast CT for diagnosis and characterization of thoracolumbar myelopathy due to IVDH in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn J Cooper
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
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Jung WS, Kim H, Jeon DM, Mah SJ, Ahn SJ. Magnetic resonance imaging-verified temporomandibular joint disk displacement in relation to sagittal and vertical jaw deformities. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 42:1108-15. [PMID: 23618835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study was designed to analyze the relationships between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disk displacement and skeletal deformities in orthodontic patients. Subjects consisted of 460 adult patients. Before treatment, lateral cephalograms and TMJ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recorded. Subjects were divided into six groups based on TMJ MRI according to increasing severity of TMJ disk displacement, in the following order: bilateral normal TMJs, unilateral disk displacement with reduction (DDR) and contralateral normal, bilateral DDR, unilateral disk displacement without reduction (DDNR) and contralateral normal, unilateral DDR and contralateral DDNR, and bilateral DDNR. Subjects were subdivided sagittally into skeletal Class I, II, and III deformities based on the ANB (point A, nasion, point B) angle and subdivided vertically into hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent deformities based on the facial height ratio. Linear trends between severity of TMJ disk displacement and sagittal or vertical deformities were analyzed by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. The severity of TMJ disk displacement increased as the sagittal skeletal classification changed from skeletal Class III to skeletal Class II and the vertical skeletal classification changed from hypodivergent to hyperdivergent. There were no significant differences in the linear trend of TMJ disk displacement severity between the sexes according to the skeletal deformities. This study suggests that subjects with skeletal Class II and/or hyperdivergent deformities have a high possibility of severe TMJ disk displacement, regardless of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-S Jung
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Southern D, Lutz G, Bracilovic A, West P, Spevak M, Camacho NP, Doty S. Histological and molecular structure characterization of annular collagen after intra diskal electrothermal annuloplasty. HSS J 2006; 2:49-54. [PMID: 18751846 PMCID: PMC2504111 DOI: 10.1007/s11420-005-0126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of pain relief of intradiskal electrothermal annuloplasty (IDET) in the treatment of lumbar diskogenic pain is uncertain. Theories include sealing of annular fissures via collagen denaturation and contraction. Prior studies offer conflicting qualitative data on the ability of IDET to denature collagen. The objective of the present study is to evaluate IDET treatment effect on annular collagen using quantitative data supplied by Fourier-transform infrared imaging spectroscopy. The posterior annulus of disks (n = 3) from an intact human cadaveric spine at room temperature were treated with two different radiothermal catheters using standard intradiskal electrothermal annuloplasty (IDET) heating protocols. Disks were dissected free with catheters in place and fixed in formalin. Channels created by the catheters were marked and catheters were removed. Tissue samples of treated areas adjacent to the channels and internal control areas from the same disk were stained for light microscopy and placed on barium sulfate windows for Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy (FT-IRIS) analysis. Treated areas showed evidence of disruption in the fibrillar organization of annular collagen by light microscopy compared to intact stroma from control areas. Quantitative FT-IRIS analysis compared ratios of wavenumber regions known to be sensitive to collagen denaturation. Mean values for the ratios amide II/1,338 cm(-1) (137.21 +/- 25.84 treated, 76.94 +/- 16.77 control) and 1,640/1,660 cm(-1) (0.98 +/- 0.03 treated, 0.89 +/- 0.03 control) were significantly different between treated and control samples (p < 0.001), indicating a breakdown in collagen integrity. Separate analysis by catheter type suggests that catheter design may impact treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Southern
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Gregory Lutz
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Ana Bracilovic
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Paul West
- Research Division, Mineralized Tissues Section, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
| | - Mila Spevak
- Research Division, Mineralized Tissues Section, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
| | - Nancy Pleshko Camacho
- Research Division, Mineralized Tissues Section, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
| | - Stephen Doty
- Research Division, Microscopy Core Facility, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
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Detamore MS, Orfanos JG, Almarza AJ, French MM, Wong ME, Athanasiou KA. Quantitative analysis and comparative regional investigation of the extracellular matrix of the porcine temporomandibular joint disc. Matrix Biol 2005; 24:45-57. [PMID: 15749001 PMCID: PMC4474406 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2004.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Revised: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the extracellular matrix of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc is crucial to advancing efforts in tissue engineering the disc. However, the current literature is incomplete and often contradictory in its attempts to describe the nature of the TMJ disc matrix. The aim of this study was to identify the variation of key matrix components along the three axes of the porcine disc using ELISAs to quantify these matrix components, immunohistochemistry to identify their regional distribution, and SEM to examine collagen fiber diameter and orientation. The overall GAG content of the TMJ disc (including the dermatan sulfate proteoglycans) was 5.3+/-1.2% of the dry weight. Chondroitin sulfate, which comprised 74% of this total GAG content, was 4.4, 8.2, and 164 times more abundant than dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, keratan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid, respectively. In general, these GAGs were most concentrated in the intermediate zone of the TMJ disc, appearing in dense clusters, and least concentrated in the posterior band. Additionally, chondroitin sulfate was more abundant medially than laterally. Collagen II was discovered in trace amounts, with higher relative amounts in the intermediate zone. Collagen fibers were observed to run primarily in a ring-like fashion around the periphery of the disc and anteroposteriorly through the intermediate zone, with a mean fiber diameter of 18+/-9 mum. Characterization studies of the TMJ disc, including prior biomechanical and cell studies along with the current study of the extracellular matrix, collectively reveal a distinct character of the intermediate zone of the disc compared to its anterior and posterior bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Detamore
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St., Room 4132, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA.
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