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Schuldenfrei MD, Lam ATH, Outerbridge CA, White SD, Affolter VK. Evaluation of aural masses submitted as inflammatory polyps in 20 dogs (2000-2020). Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:77-86. [PMID: 36163586 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine non-neoplastic aural polypoid masses (APMs) are uncommon, with few published studies. OBJECTIVES The aim of this retrospective study was to characterise the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging and histopathological results for APMs submitted as aural inflammatory polyps (AIPs). ANIMALS Twenty dogs with APMs evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cases were selected by searching computerised medical records from 2000 to 2020, using keywords 'canine', 'aural/otic polyp' and 'aural/otic inflammatory mass'. Histological samples and medical records were reviewed. RESULTS In 14 of 20 dogs, external ear canal masses were characterised by keratinised squamous epithelium with or without adnexa. Tympanic bulla origin was confirmed in four of 20 dogs by the presence of cuboidal to ciliated columnar epithelium, with or without squamous epithelium. The site of origin could not be determined in two dogs. Diagnostic imaging (MRI or CT) confirmed APM presence in 14 of 20 dogs. Otitis media was diagnosed in four of four tympanic bulla APMs and seven of 13 ear canal APMs. In 18 of 20 dogs, debulking, traction avulsion, and total ear canal ablation and bulla osteotomy led to APM resolution in two of eight, four of six and four of four dogs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Type of epithelium was a key feature in determining the APM origin, and interpretation in conjunction with video otoscopy and diagnostic imaging was crucial. Canine APMs more commonly arose from the ear canal. Tympanic bulla APMs and APMs of undetermined origin were comparable to feline AIPs. Regardless of APM origin site, debulking had the greatest likelihood of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin D Schuldenfrei
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Catherine A Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Stephen D White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Verena K Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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2
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McGrath AM, Chen CL, Abrams B, Hixon L, Grimes JA, Viani E, McLoughlin MA, Tremolada G, Lapsley J, Selmic LE. Clinical presentation and outcome in cats with aural squamous cell carcinoma: a review of 25 cases (2010-2021). J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e420-e432. [PMID: 36066435 PMCID: PMC10812305 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221119144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY Ear canal neoplasia is uncommon in cats. Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma is the most frequently reported malignant neoplasm of the feline ear canal, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm diagnosed in the feline middle ear. However, limited information exists on the outcome of cats diagnosed with SCC of the ear canal, middle or inner ear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the outcome of cats diagnosed with SCC affecting these locations. Medical records were reviewed at multiple institutions to identify cats with a definitive diagnosis of SCC. Twenty-five cats were identified. Eleven cats were treated with surgery, eight with medical management, two with coarse fractionated radiation therapy, two with a combination of coarse fractionated radiation therapy and chemotherapy, one with a combination of surgery and coarse fractionated radiation therapy, one cat with systemic chemotherapy and one cat received no treatment following diagnosis. The median survival time of cats treated with surgery was 168 days vs 85 days (P = 0.28) for those treated palliatively with either medical management, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION This case series documented that SCC of the ear canal, middle and/or internal ear is a locally aggressive tumor that carries an overall poor prognosis. The median survival time for cats treated with surgery was longer than that with any other modality, but this difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha M McGrath
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carolyn L Chen
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brittany Abrams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leah Hixon
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emily Viani
- Department of Surgery, Angell Animal Medical Center, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| | - Mary A McLoughlin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Giovanni Tremolada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janis Lapsley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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3
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Zein S, Bertram CA, Kiupel M, Klopfleisch R, Müller K. Auricular cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, subtype mycosis fungoides and otitis externa/media in a domestic rat (
Rattus norvegicus forma domestica
). VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zein
- Small Animal Clinic Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Christof A. Bertram
- Institute of Pathology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Small Animal Clinic Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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4
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Loft KE, Soohoo J, Simon B, Lange CE. Feline cystadenomatosis affecting the ears and skin of 57 cats (2011-2019). J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:351-358. [PMID: 34254846 PMCID: PMC10812241 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211024498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to understand epidemiological factors associated with feline cystadenomatosis, including signalment and papillomavirus PCR status. Cystadenomatosis is an uncommon condition primarily involving the ceruminous and apocrine skin and ear glands. METHODS This was a retrospective case series. Clinical records from 2011 to 2019 from a tertiary referral hospital in Boston, MA, USA were screened for cases, and case data were re-evaluated and analyzed. The total patient pool contained 65,385 individual cats, of which 797 were referred to the dermatology service. Medical records and biopsy specimens were reviewed; the information collected included signalment, clinical signs, physical examination and diagnostic tests, comorbidities and histopathologic findings. PCR was performed on biopsy specimens to test for papillomavirus DNA. RESULTS The cystadenomatosis population consisted of 57 cases (7.1% of total cases referred to the dermatology service) with 105 affected ears. Twenty-seven cases (48 ears) were confirmed via histopathology; four cats (7%) exhibited clinically cystic lesions on the periocular, periorbital and perianal regions; only one cat did not have pinnal lesions. Domestic shorthair cats were most often affected. Relative risk for cystadenomatosis was 2.24 times higher in male cats. In 48 cats (84.2%), ears were bilaterally affected. Seven cats (12.3%) had malignant neoplasia, which included: inflamed adenocarcinoma (n = 5); mast cell tumor (n = 1); or squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1). PCR testing on biopsy specimens from 24 cats revealed feline papillomavirus type 2 DNA in only four cats. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cystadenomatosis was more prevalent in senior non-purebred cats, over-represented in male cats and did not appear to be associated with papillomavirus, feline infectious peritonitis, feline immunodeficiency virus/feline leukemia virus status or other identifiable illnesses. Further studies are needed to investigate the causes of cystadenomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus E Loft
- Dermatology Service, Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Soohoo
- VCA Bay Area Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Hospital San Leandro, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Simon
- Dermatology Service, Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian E Lange
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Metabiota Inc, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
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5
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Derré MG, Snead EC, Beaufrère HH, Aertsens AG. Investigation of a retroesophagoscopic approach to nasopharyngoscopy as an alternative to the conventional retroflexed endoscopic approach for selected indications in feline cadavers and client-owned cats. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:752-759. [PMID: 34432519 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.9.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a retroesophagoscopic approach (ROSA) to nasopharyngoscopy and compare it with the conventional retroflexed endoscopic approach (REA). ANIMALS 36 feline cadavers and 2 client-owned cats with nasopharyngeal disorders. PROCEDURES 36 veterinarians participated in the experimental portion of the study involving feline cadavers. Each veterinarian performed the ROSA and REA to nasopharyngoscopy on a feline cadaver once, attempting to identify and biopsy 2 landmarks (soft palate and choanae) with each approach while time was recorded. Numeric scales were used to measure perceived ease of use and image quality for both techniques. Data were compared between approaches by an independent statistician. The ROSA approach was also used as part of the diagnostic workup for the 2 client-owned cats. RESULTS 35 of the 36 (97%) veterinarians were able to identify and biopsy both landmarks using the ROSA, whereas 21 (58%) veterinarians were able to visualize both landmarks using the REA and 19 (53%) successfully biopsied the landmarks. Image quality for the soft palate was scored higher with the ROSA (median score, 7.5/10) than with the REA (4.5/10). The ROSA was fast and easy to perform. This approach was also successfully performed in the 2 client-owned cats with nasopharyngeal disorders, with no complications reported. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The ROSA was found to be a fast, effective, and easy alternative endoscopic technique for assessment of the nasopharynx in cats. This approach may allow use of various instruments that could be relevant for interventional procedures. However, the ROSA was also invasive and should be considered for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for selected indications only when REA is unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime G Derré
- From Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Elisabeth C Snead
- From Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Hugues H Beaufrère
- From Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Adrien G Aertsens
- From Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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6
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Brame B, Cain C. Chronic Otitis in Cats: Clinical management of primary, predisposing and perpetuating factors. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:433-446. [PMID: 33896249 PMCID: PMC10741284 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211007072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Chronic otitis can be one of the most frustrating diseases to manage for a small animal practitioner. While it occurs less commonly in the cat than the dog, it is no less challenging. The purpose of this review is to discuss the common and uncommon causes of chronic otitis in the cat within the clinical framework used for diagnosis and treatment. The focus is on diseases that affect the ear canal, rather than those restricted to the pinnae. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Otitis is multifactorial, which complicates management. A common clinical mistake is to focus solely on treating the infection present. Only by addressing all factors will a clinician successfully control chronic otitis. For the purposes of this review, the authors have adopted the established model of separating primary, predisposing and perpetuating causes of otitis. Primary factors are those that directly cause otitis (inflammation); predisposing factors are those that put the patient at risk for development of otitis; and perpetuating factors are those that result in ongoing clinical signs of otitis or that prevent clinical resolution. AUDIENCE This review is aimed at veterinarians who treat cats and particularly those with an interest in feline dermatology and otology. EQUIPMENT While many practitioners rely on a hand-held otoscope, a video-otoscope can be very helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic otitis. EVIDENCE BASE This review presents up-to-date information regarding the diagnosis and treatment of chronic otitis in cats, with emphasis on the most recent peer-reviewed literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Brame
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Spruce
Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christine Cain
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Spruce
Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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7
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DeCandia AL, Brenner LJ, King JL, vonHoldt BM. Ear mite infection is associated with altered microbial communities in genetically depauperate Santa Catalina Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae). Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1463-1475. [PMID: 31821650 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The host-associated microbiome is increasingly recognized as a critical player in health and immunity. Recent studies have shown that disruption of commensal microbial communities can contribute to disease pathogenesis and severity. Santa Catalina Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) present a compelling system in which to examine microbial dynamics in wildlife due to their depauperate genomic structure and extremely high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors. Although the precise cause is yet unknown, infection with ear mites (Otodectes cynotis) has been linked to chronic inflammation, which is associated with abnormal cell growth and tumor development. Given the paucity of genomic variation in these foxes, other dimensions of molecular diversity, such as commensal microbes, may be critical to host response and disease pathology. We characterized the host-associated microbiome across six body sites of Santa Catalina Island foxes, and performed differential abundance testing between healthy and mite-infected ear canals. We found that mite infection was significantly associated with reduced microbial diversity and evenness, with the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus pseudintermedius dominating the ear canal community. These results suggest that secondary bacterial infection may contribute to the sustained inflammation associated with tumor development. As the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains remains a concern of the medical, veterinary, and conservation communities, uncovering high relative abundance of S. pseudintermedius provides critical insight into the pathogenesis of this complex system. Through use of culture-independent sequencing techniques, this study contributes to the broader effort of applying a more inclusive understanding of molecular diversity to questions within wildlife disease ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L DeCandia
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Bridgett M vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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8
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Bertram CA, Klopfleisch R, Erickson NA, Lübke-Becker A, Müller K. Leiomyosarcoma of the external ear canal as a cause of otitis externa, media, interna in a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Meziara Wilson T, Machado M, De Sousa DER, Braúna T, Torres Neto R, Laufer-Amorim R, Szabó MPJ, De Castro MB. Immunopathological findings in a cat with auricular chondritis. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67:81-86. [PMID: 30922093 DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
At clinical examination, a 5-year-old male domestic short-haired cat exhibited painful swelling and erythema of the pinnae of both ears. Microscopically, the lesions on both pinnae were composed of diffuse granulomatous chondritis with degeneration and necrosis of the pinnal cartilage. Numerous mast cells were also observed within and surrounding the inflammatory lesion. Immunohistochemistry showed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate characterised by the predominance of macrophages (CD68+, MAC 387+ and Lysozyme+), T lymphocytes (CD3+), some B lymphocytes (CD79α+) and neutrophils. Immunopathological characterisation of the lesion showed a granulomatous inflammation profile and suggests that the morphological changes and immunopathogenesis of auricular chondritis in cats presents a similarity with relapsing polychondritis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mizael Machado
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, 70330-050 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Tainã Braúna
- 2 Small Animal Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Federal District, 70330-050 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- 4 School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matias Pablo Juan Szabó
- 5 Ixodology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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10
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Kerns AT, Brakel KA, Premanandan C, Saffire A, Moore SA. Extranodal non-B, non-T-cell lymphoma with bilateral tympanic bulla involvement in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2018; 4:2055116918756724. [PMID: 29487747 PMCID: PMC5821296 DOI: 10.1177/2055116918756724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 9-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat with clinical signs suggestive of chronic recurrent otitis media and recent seizures was presented with multifocal nervous system disease, including bilateral central and/or peripheral vestibular, cerebellar and forebrain deficits. Prior to presentation, there was inadequate improvement after 6 weeks of treatment for bilateral middle ear effusion from which a highly susceptible Staphylococcus species was cultured. This was followed by the development of seizures. Results of a complete blood count and serum chemistry were unremarkable, and a previous feline leukemia virus/feline immunodeficiency virus ELISA was negative. The cat was hospitalized overnight and had multiple seizures. The following morning the cat’s mentation worsened, and the cat lost ventilatory drive after induction for anesthesia in preparation for MRI. A brain herniation event was suspected, and the cat was euthanized prior to further diagnostics. On post-mortem examination both tympanic bullae were filled with a soft, tan-colored material. Histologically, this material was composed of neoplastic lymphocytes. In addition, neoplastic lymphocytes were found in the leptomeninges, brain parenchyma, submandibular lymph nodes and pancreas. The neoplastic lymphocytes were negative for both B- and T-lymphocyte immunohistochemical markers and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements failed to amplify target DNA, indicating non-B, non-T-cell lymphoma. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of lymphoma with confirmed bilateral tympanic bulla involvement in the human and veterinary literature. Neoplasia should be considered in cases of middle-ear effusion that do not improve adequately with appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin T Kerns
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey A Brakel
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Premanandan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Sarah A Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Belmudes A, Pressanti C, Barthez PY, Castilla-Castaño E, Fabries L, Cadiergues MC. Computed tomographic findings in 205 dogs with clinical signs compatible with middle ear disease: a retrospective study. Vet Dermatol 2017; 29:45-e20. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Belmudes
- Small Animal Hospital; Dermatology Service; Université de Toulouse; ENVT; 23 chemin des Capelles 31076 Toulouse France
| | - Charline Pressanti
- Small Animal Hospital; Dermatology Service; Université de Toulouse; ENVT; 23 chemin des Capelles 31076 Toulouse France
| | | | - Eloy Castilla-Castaño
- Small Animal Hospital; Dermatology Service; Université de Toulouse; ENVT; 23 chemin des Capelles 31076 Toulouse France
| | - Lionel Fabries
- Centre Scanner Vétérinaire; 45 avenue de Toulouse 31650 Saint Orens France
| | - Marie C. Cadiergues
- UDEAR; Université de Toulouse; INSERM; ENVT; 23 chemin des Capelles 31076 Toulouse France
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12
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Ackermann AL, Lenz JA, May ER, Frank LA. Mycoplasma infection of the middle ear in three cats. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:417-e102. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Ackermann
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Tennessee; 2407 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Jennifer Ann Lenz
- University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center; 1365 Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Elizabeth R. May
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Tennessee; 2407 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Linda A. Frank
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Tennessee; 2407 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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13
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Classen J, Bruehschwein A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Mueller R. Comparison of ultrasound imaging and video otoscopy with cross-sectional imaging for the diagnosis of canine otitis media. Vet J 2016; 217:68-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Moriarty ME, Vickers TW, Clifford DL, Garcelon DK, Gaffney PM, Lee KW, King JL, Duncan CL, Boyce WM. Ear Mite Removal in the Santa Catalina Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis catalinae): Controlling Risk Factors for Cancer Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144271. [PMID: 26641820 PMCID: PMC4671584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ear mites (Otodectes cynotis) and ear canal tumors are highly prevalent among federally endangered Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) living on Santa Catalina Island off the coast of Southern California. Since studies began in the 1990s, nearly all foxes examined were found to be infected with ear mites, and ceruminous gland tumors (carcinomas and adenomas) were detected in approximately half of all foxes ≥ 4 years of age. We hypothesized that reduction of ear mite infection would reduce otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, a risk factor for tumor development. In this study, we conducted a randomized field trial to assess the impact of acaricide treatment on ear mite prevalence and intensity of infection, otitis externa, ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and mite-specific IgG and IgE antibody levels. Treatment was highly effective at eliminating mites and reducing otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and mite-specific IgG antibody levels were significantly lower among uninfected foxes. Ceruminous gland hyperplasia increased in the chronically infected, untreated foxes during the six month study. Our results provide compelling evidence that acaricide treatment is an effective means of reducing ear mites, and that mite removal in turn reduces ear lesions and mite-specific IgG antibody levels in Santa Catalina Island foxes. This study has advanced our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis which results in ceruminous gland tumors, and has helped inform management decisions that impact species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Moriarty
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - T. Winston Vickers
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California, United States of America
| | - Deana L. Clifford
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, California, United States of America
| | - David K. Garcelon
- Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia M. Gaffney
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Lee
- Greer Laboratory, Lenoir, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julie L. King
- Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California, United States of America
| | - Calvin L. Duncan
- Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California, United States of America
| | - Walter M. Boyce
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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15
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Vickers TW, Clifford DL, Garcelon DK, King JL, Duncan CL, Gaffney PM, Boyce WM. Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143211. [PMID: 26618759 PMCID: PMC4664485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)—48.9% of the dead foxes examined from 2001–2008 had tumors in their ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature (≥ 4 years) foxes captured in 2007–2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although ear mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to ear mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with ear mites, and an innate, over exuberant inflammatory and hyperplastic response of SCA foxes to these mites. Foxes on SCA are now opportunistically treated with acaricides in an attempt to reduce mite infections and the morbidity and mortality associated with this highly prevalent tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Winston Vickers
- Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California, United States of America
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TWV), (WMB)
| | - Deana L. Clifford
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Wildlife Investigations Lab, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, California, United States of America
| | - David K. Garcelon
- Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California, United States of America
| | - Julie L. King
- Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California, United States of America
| | - Calvin L. Duncan
- Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia M. Gaffney
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Walter M. Boyce
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TWV), (WMB)
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16
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Santagostino SF, Mortellaro CM, Buchholz J, Lugli M, Forlani A, Ghisleni G, Roccabianca P. Primary angiocentric/angioinvasive T-cell lymphoma of the tympanic bulla in a feline leukaemia virus-positive cat. JFMS Open Rep 2015; 1:2055116915593966. [PMID: 28491370 PMCID: PMC5362019 DOI: 10.1177/2055116915593966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 5-year-old neutered female feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)-positive domestic shorthair cat with a 5 month history of otitis media was referred for head tilt, stertor and dyspnoea. Computed tomography scan revealed soft tissue opacities inside the right tympanic bulla, with bone remodelling, and concurrent nasopharyngeal and intracranial invasion. Endoscopically guided bioptic samples were collected from the nasopharynx and middle ear. Histology revealed dense sheets of round, large, neoplastic cells, often surrounding or invading vascular walls. Neoplastic cells expressed CD3, FeLV p27 and gp70 antigens. A middle ear angiocentric/angioinvasive T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed. After improvement of clinical conditions following radiation therapy, the cat died unexpectedly. At necropsy, hepatic and splenic spread was detected. Relevance and novel information Primary middle ear tumours are rare and their diagnosis is often delayed as clinical signs mimic more common otological conditions. Multiple bioptic specimens are pivotal for a definitive diagnosis. The young age of the cat, serology and immunohistochemistry revealed a possible transforming role of FeLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Santagostino
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo M Mortellaro
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Lugli
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Forlani
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Ilha MRS, Wisell C. Cholesterol granuloma associated with otitis media in a cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:515-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713488369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old, male neutered Siamese cat was presented with Horner syndrome and right head tilt. A soft tissue mass was observed in the right tympanic cavity, and bulla osteotomy was performed. Tissue samples retrieved from the tympanic cavity were sent for histology, and a middle ear fluid swab was sent for bacterial culture and sensitivity. Histologic diagnosis was of otitis media associated with cholesterol granuloma (CG). Bacterial culture yielded Pasteurella multocida and Leifsonia ( Corynebacterium) aquaticum. Middle ear CG is frequently seen in human beings and is associated with a variety of middle ear diseases including otitis media. Cholesterol granuloma of the middle ear has been experimentally induced in cats. The clinical and pathological findings of a spontaneous case of CG in the tympanic cavity of a cat with otitis media are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R. S. Ilha
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA (Ilha)
- Companion Animal Hospital, Albany, GA (Wisell)
| | - Carie Wisell
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA (Ilha)
- Companion Animal Hospital, Albany, GA (Wisell)
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