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Nery Loiola SH, Stéfano VC, Rosa SL, Proença LR, Dos Santos BM, Soares FA, Saraiva Bresciani KD, Falcão AX, Gomes JF. Staining blindly: an update on coloring techniques for fecal smears in parasitology: a scoping review. Future Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38530362 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dye application for parasite highlighting in the Ova and Parasite exam is a common practice in parasitology diagnosis. Methods: A scoping review investigated how staining solutions interact with parasite structures. After screening 1334 papers, 35 met eligibility criteria. Results: Differentiating background from foreground in the fecal smear under light microscopy is the core of the research on this topic. Refractivity, unevenness of staining, size and temperature were explored to enhance staining protocols. Cryptosporidium spp. and Microsporidia were the main studied species. Conclusion: Studies on diagnostic efficacy outperform those that elucidate the physical-chemical interaction between dyes and parasites. An alternative approach involves technicians using computational tools to reduce subjectivity in fecal smear interpretation, deviating from conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Hudson Nery Loiola
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Vitória Castilho Stéfano
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Stefany Laryssa Rosa
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rodrigues Proença
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Bianca Martins Dos Santos
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto Soares
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
- School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, 793, Clóvis Pestana St., Araçatuba - São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Xavier Falcão
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas - São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas - São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
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Testori T, Scaini R, Deflorian M, Taschieri S, Decker AM, Saleh M, Zuffetti F, Saibene AM, Felisati G, Wallace SS, Francetti L, Wang HL, Del Fabbro M. Mucosal cyst aspiration in conjunction with maxillary sinus elevation: A clinical cohort study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2024. [PMID: 38462798 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with mucosal cysts in the maxillary sinus require special consideration in patients who require implant therapy for the restoration when undergoing implant therapy for the restoration of the posterior maxillary dentition. Treatment strategies for these clinical situations remain controversial in the literature. Thus, this study seeks to describe a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for sinus augmentation in patients with pre-existing maxillary antral cysts. METHODS A total of 15 patients and 18 sinuses were consecutively enrolled in this cohort study and underwent maxillary antral cyst treatment by needle aspiration and simultaneous maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA). During surgical procedures, threeimplants (Zimmer Biomet, Indiana, USA) were positioned in 11 sinuses and two implants (Zimmer Biomet, Indiana, USA) were positioned in 5 sinuses. RESULTS Overall implant success and survival rates were 100% and 97.8%, respectively at 1 year and 5-year follow-ups. Crestal bone resorption averaged 0.3 ± 0.2 mm 5-year post-loading, showing bone stability. Implant survival rate at 5-year follow-up expressed predictability of the technique comparable to historical data when MSA was performed alone. Crestal bone resorption averaged 0.3 ± 0.2 mm 5 years post-loading and shows bone stability utilizing mucosal cyst aspiration with concomitant MSA procedures. Quality of life evaluation at 1-week post-op showed similar results to published historical data. In 81% (13 sinuses), the CBCT examination at 5-year follow-up showed no cyst reformation, in 19% (3 sinuses) cyst reformation was visible, but smaller in size when compared to the pre-op CBCT evaluation, and all the patients were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary sinus mucosal cyst aspiration with concomitant MSA, may be a viable option to treat maxillary sinus cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Testori
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Dental Clinic, Section of Implant Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity Harvard University, School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Riccardo Scaini
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Dental Clinic, Section of Implant Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Deflorian
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Dental Clinic, Section of Implant Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Taschieri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Dental Clinic, Milan, Italy
| | - Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Muhammad Saleh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Francesco Zuffetti
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Dental Clinic, Section of Implant Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Saibene
- Otolaryngology Unit, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Felisati
- Otolaryngology Unit, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen S Wallace
- Department of Periodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luca Francetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Dental Clinic, Milan, Italy
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Pulappadi VP, Manchanda S, Dhamija E, Jana M. Multimodality imaging of diseases of the vagina. Br J Radiol 2024; 97:513-525. [PMID: 38419147 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathologies of the vagina are important causes of symptoms related to the genital tract in women. They can be missed on transabdominal ultrasonography (USG), which is the baseline modality used for evaluation of gynaecological complaints. Transperineal USG and MRI are the imaging modalities of choice for evaluation of the vagina. Diseases of the vagina can be grouped depending upon the age group in which they occur. In children and young adults, congenital anomalies like longitudinal or transverse vaginal septum, imperforate hymen, vaginal aplasia or atresia, and rectovaginal fistula can be seen. Malignant tumours can rarely occur in children, rhabdomyosarcoma being the most common one. Common diseases affecting adults include benign lesions like epidermoid, Gartner duct, and Bartholin cysts, and urogenital fistulas involving the vagina. Endometriosis and other benign tumours of vagina including leiomyoma, fibroepithelial polyp, and angiomyxoma are occasionally seen. Malignant tumours can be primary, the most common one being squamous cell carcinoma, or secondary, due to direct extension from cancers involving the adjacent organs. Characteristic morphological changes occur in the vagina after radiotherapy, which can be identified on imaging. Knowledge about the imaging appearances of these diseases is crucial in guiding appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Prasad Pulappadi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Smita Manchanda
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ekta Dhamija
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Manisha Jana
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Yuan S, Lin Y, Zhao Y, Du M, Dong S, Chen Y, Wei H. Pineal cysts may promote pubertal development in girls with central precocious puberty: a single-center study from China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1323947. [PMID: 38405141 PMCID: PMC10885350 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1323947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pineal cysts have long been considered a benign intracranial variation. However, in our clinical practice, it has been observed that some children with central precocious puberty (CPP) who have pineal cysts experience rapid progression in adolescent development. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of CPP in girls, leading to more diagnoses of CPP among children with pineal cysts. Despite this, there is no consensus regarding whether pineal cysts contribute to CPP as one of its organic factors. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of pineal cysts in children with CPP and explore the potential effects of pineal cysts on puberty development. Methods This single-center study retrospectively analyzed clinical data from girls aged 3 to 10 years who underwent head/pituitary magnetic resonance imaging at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University between 2019 and 2022. The study categorized the detection rates of pineal cysts based on systematic disease classification and compared the rates of cyst detection between girls diagnosed with CPP and those without CPP. Subsequently, CPP-diagnosed girls with pineal cysts were examined. Among CPP-diagnosed girls meeting the study's criteria, those with pineal cysts formed the 'cyst group,' while those without cysts were matched in a 1:1 ratio based on age and body mass index to form the 'non-cyst group.' Comparative analyses were conducted to assess the clinical characteristics between these two groups. CPP-diagnosed girls with cysts were further subdivided into three groups according to cyst size (≤5 mm, 5.1-9.9 mm, and ≥10 mm) to investigate potential differences in clinical characteristics among these subgroups. The study involved an analysis of clinical data from girls diagnosed with CPP and included imaging follow-ups to explore the progression of pineal cysts over time. Results Among the 23,245 girls who underwent head/pituitary magnetic resonance imaging scans, the detection rate of pineal cysts was 3.6% (837/23,245), with most cases being associated with endocrine diseases. The detection rate of pineal cysts in CPP patients was 6.4% (262/4099), which was significantly higher than the 3.0% (575/19,146) in patients without CPP. In comparison to the non-cyst group, the cyst group exhibited statistically significant increases in estradiol levels, peak luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, peak LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratios, uterine body length, and cervix length (P < 0.001). As cyst size increased, there were significant rises in LH peak, peak LH/FSH ratio, uterine body length, and cervical length (P < 0.01). Estradiol levels and left ovarian volume also showed an increasing trend (P < 0.05). Among girls who underwent follow-up imaging, 26.3% (5/19) exhibited an increase in cyst size. Conclusion Pineal cysts are relatively common in children with CPP. They may affect the pubertal development process, with larger cysts correlating to faster pubertal development. Therefore, the authors hypothesize that pineal cysts may trigger CPP in some cases, especially when the cysts are larger than 5 mm in size, as indicated by our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Beijing Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Hospital, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biological Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Beijing Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Hospital, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biological Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Beijing Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Hospital, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biological Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Beijing Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Hospital, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biological Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shijie Dong
- Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Beijing Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Hospital, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Beijing Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Hospital, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biological Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Beijing Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Hospital, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biological Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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Kurnosova OP, Panova OA, Arisov MV. Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats: Age-related predisposition, symptomatic, and asymptomatic cyst shedding. Vet World 2024; 17:379-383. [PMID: 38595671 PMCID: PMC11000481 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.379-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Giardiasis is a protozoal disease that is globally prevalent in dogs and cats. The clinical manifestations vary, but asymptomatic cases have also been reported. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in domestic dogs and cats, characterize the age susceptibility to this disease, and determine the frequency of cases in which cysts are combined with stool changes. Materials and Methods After centrifugation in a zinc sulfate solution (specific gravity = 1.32 g/cm3), feces of dogs (2761) and cats (1579) were examined microscopically. The age of the animals and the presence of coprological stool characteristics such as fecal odor, consistency, presence of mucus, and other pathological impurities were taken into account. Results G. duodenalis infection rates were 18.2% (215/1182) in dogs aged 1-12 months and 3.8% (60/1579) in dogs older than 12 months. The infection rate was 7.8% (48/615) in cats aged 1-12 months and 3.35% (33/994) in cats aged >12 months. The most frequently observed coprological abnormalities in cyst-positive animals were soft and/or mushy stool and pungent odor. In dogs, the frequency of these symptoms was 24.4% (67/275), 27.6% (76/275), and 36.4% (100/275) for soft stools, mushy stools, and pungent fecal odor, and 37.8% (31/82), 25.6% (21/82), and 19.5% (16/82), respectively. No stool changes were found when G. duodenalis cysts were detected in dogs in 24.7% (68/275) of cases and in cats in 24.4% (20/82). Conclusion G. duodenalis cysts are reported more frequently in domestic cats and dogs under 12 months of age than in dogs under 12 months of age. The presence of Giardia cysts is usually accompanied by a strong odor of feces and changes in their consistency. It can be concluded that it is necessary to conduct periodic surveillance for apparently healthy dogs and cats to rule out G. duodenalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P. Kurnosova
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), 117218, Russia
| | - Olga A. Panova
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), 117218, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Arisov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), 117218, Russia
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Chong J, Wee NK, Tan CH, Low HM, Chew WD, Vu CKF, Lee CH. Pancreatic cysts: can surveillance interval for small low-risk lesions be lengthened? Acta Radiol 2024:2841851231222799. [PMID: 38196245 DOI: 10.1177/02841851231222799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance of pancreatic cysts are necessary due to risk of malignant transformation. However, reported progression rates to advanced neoplasia are variable and the high frequency of surveillance scans may pose a considerable burden on healthcare resources. PURPOSE To validate the effectiveness of the Fukuoka Guidelines surveillance regime and determine if a longer surveillance interval can be established. MATERIAL AND METHODS All magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the pancreas performed at our institution between January 2014 and December 2016 with at least one pancreatic cystic lesion and follow-up MRI or computed tomography (CT) over at least two years were reviewed for size, worrisome feature (WF), and high-risk stigmata (HRS) at diagnosis and follow-up imaging (up to year 6). Reference standards for advanced neoplasia were based on endoscopic ultrasound, fine needle aspiration cytology, or the presence of ≥2 WF or ≥1 HRS on imaging. Comparison of MRI features of progression and outcomes of diagnostic endpoints between lesions <20 mm and ≥20 mm was performed. RESULTS A total of 270 patients were included (201 cysts <20 mm, 69 cysts ≥20 mm). Compared with cysts <20 mm, cysts ≥20 mm were more likely to be associated with WF or HRS (40.6% vs. 12.4%; P ≤0.00001), demonstrate increase in size of ≥5 mm in two years (20.3% vs. 10.9%; P = 0.049), and develop advanced neoplasia (24.6% vs. 0.5%; P <0.00001). CONCLUSION Pancreatic cysts <20 mm have a low risk of developing WF and HRS and surveillance interval may be lengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Chong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Kessa Wee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cher Heng Tan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsien Min Low
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Da Chew
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charles Kien Fong Vu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chau Hung Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Fujisawa H, Ota N, Shiojiri N. Inversin-deficient (inv) mice do not establish a polarized duct system in the liver and pancreas. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023. [PMID: 37921502 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Inversin-deficient (inv) mice have anomalies in liver and pancreatic development in addition to an inverted left-right axis of the body. The present study was undertaken to unveil mechanisms of bile and pancreatic duct development from immunohistochemical analyses of anomalies in inv mice. Intrahepatic bile ducts having proximodistal polarity in size and the height of their epithelia, and ductules were formed in livers of wild-type neonates. By contrast, in inv mice, ductal plates, precursor structures of intrahepatic bile ducts and ductules, persisted without the proximodistal polarity. Their epithelial cells did not acquire planar cell polarity (PCP) in terms of expression of tight junction proteins although they expressed bile duct markers, HNF1β and SOX9. They had an apicobasal polarity from expression of basal laminar components. Enlargement of the hepatic artery and poor connective tissue development, including the abnormal deposition of the extracellular matrices, were also noted in inv mice, suggesting that bile duct development was coupled to that of the hepatic artery and portal vein. In pancreata of inv neonates, neither the main pancreatic duct was formed, nor dilated duct-like structures had the morphological polarity from the connecting point with the common bile duct. Lumina of acini was dilated, and centroacinar cells changed their position in the acini to their neck region. Immunohistochemical analyses of tight junction proteins suggested that epithelial cells of the duct-like structures did not have a PCP. Thus, Invs may be required for the establishment of the PCP of the whole duct system in the liver and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Fujisawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ota
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Shiojiri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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Berlin A, Messinger JD, Balaratnasingam C, Mendis R, Ferrara D, Freund KB, Curcio CA. Imaging Histology Correlations of Intraretinal Fluid in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 37943552 PMCID: PMC10637202 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fluid presence and dynamism is central to the diagnosis and management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. On optical coherence tomography (OCT), some hyporeflective spaces arise through vascular permeability (exudation) and others arise through degeneration (transudation). Herein we determined whether the histological appearance of fluid manifested this heterogeneity. Methods Two eyes of a White woman in her 90s with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treated bilateral type 3 neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration were osmicated, prepared for submicrometer epoxy resin sections, and correlated to eye-tracked spectral domain OCT. Examples of intraretinal tissue fluid were sought among similarly prepared donor eyes with fibrovascular scars, in a web-based age-related macular degeneration histopathology resource. Fluid stain intensity was quantified in reference to Bruch's membrane and the empty glass slide. Results Exudative fluid by OCT was slightly reflective and dynamically responded to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. On histology, this fluid stained moderately, possessed a smooth and homogenous texture, and contained blood cells and fibrin. Nonexudative fluid in degenerative cysts and in outer retinal tubulation was minimally reflective on OCT and did not respond to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. By histology, this fluid stained lightly, possessed a finely granular texture, and contained mainly tissue debris. Quantification supported the qualitative impressions of fluid stain density. Cells containing retinal pigment epithelium organelles localized to both fluid types. Conclusions High-resolution histology of osmicated tissue can distinguish between exudative and nonexudative fluid, some of which is transudative. Translational Relevance OCT and histological features of different fluid types can inform clinical decision-making and assist in the interpretation of newly available automated fluid detection algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Berlin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey D. Messinger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - K. Bailey Freund
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine A. Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Ali S, Dhobale AV, Kalambe MA, Bankar NJ, Hatgaonkar AM. Challenging Diagnosis and Management of an Ovarian Cyst Torsion in a Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e47693. [PMID: 38022205 PMCID: PMC10674073 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian masses are rare in the postmenopausal age group, and ovarian torsion is a gynecological emergency. We present a case report of a 63-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented a massive abdominal mass with pain that gradually increased during the previous 12 months. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis suggested a 16.6 cm × 14 cm × 13 cm originating from the right ovary. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy, and partial omentectomy were performed in an emergency as the patient's symptoms worsened. A massive cyst was visualized from the right ovary, which had undergone a torsion of three turns. Histopathological analysis revealed a serous cystadenoma. The twisted ovarian cyst typically manifests as an acute abdomen, although there are cases where this presentation can cause a significant delay in diagnosis. Therefore, high clinical suspicion is often necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ali
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Anupama V Dhobale
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Minal A Kalambe
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Nandkishor J Bankar
- Microbiology, Jawarhal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Anand M Hatgaonkar
- Radiodiagnosis, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
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Scaffei E, Buchignani B, Pasquariello R, Cristofani P, Canapicchi R, Biagi L, Giordano F, De Marco E, Crow YJ, Battini R. Case report: Clinical and neuroradiological longitudinal follow-up in Leukoencephalopathy with Calcifications and Cysts during treatment with bevacizumab. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1245014. [PMID: 37799282 PMCID: PMC10548379 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1245014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukoencephalopathy with Calcifications and Cysts (LCC) is a rare genetic microangiopathy exclusively affecting the central nervous system caused by biallelic mutations in SNORD118. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often diagnostic due to the highly characteristic triad of leukoencephalopathy, intracranial calcifications, and brain cysts. Age at onset, presentation and disease evolution can all vary, ranging from pauci-symptomatic disease to rapid evolution of signs with loss of motor and cognitive abilities. No specific therapies for LCC are currently licensed. According to the literature, bevacizumab might represent an effective modality to improve the clinical and MRI features of the disease. However, uncertainty remains as to the true efficacy of this approach, when to begin therapy, appropriate dosing, and the consequences of drug withdrawal. According to CARE guidelines, we describe the long-term clinical and neuro-radiological follow-up of a 10-year-old child with LCC. We report disease evolution following repeated cycles of treatment with bevacizumab. Our case report suggests that repeated cycles of bevacizumab might effectively modify disease progression, possibly indicating a time-dependent effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Scaffei
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Bianca Buchignani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Pasquariello
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Cristofani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Biagi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Giordano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela De Marco
- Paediatric Oncology and Haematology Department, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yanick J. Crow
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Craven KA, Luckey-Smith K, Rudy S. Ultrasonography for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Noninfectious Cysts, Foreign Bodies, and Burns in the Critical Care Setting. AACN Adv Crit Care 2023; 34:228-239. [PMID: 37644635 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2023182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
There are multiple opportunities for the use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of skin and soft tissue differentials. Ultrasonography is inexpensive, easily reproducible, and able to provide real-time data in situations where condition changes and progression are common. Not only does bedside ultrasonography provide the clinician an in-depth look beyond epidermal structures into body cavities, it remains a safe, nonionizing radiating, effective, cost-efficient, reliable, and accessible tool for the emergency management of life- and limb-threatening integumentary infections. Unnecessary invasive procedures are minimized, providing improved patient outcomes. Integumentary abnormalities secondary to trauma, surgery, and hospitalization are common among critical care patients. This article provides a brief overview and evidence-based recommendations for the use of ultrasonography in the critical care setting for integumentary system conditions, including common skin and soft tissue differentials, foreign bodies, and burn depth assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A Craven
- Kelli A. Craven is Critical Care Nurse Practitioner Trauma and General Surgery, My Michigan Medical Center Midland, 4000 Wellness Dr, Midland, MI 48670
| | - Kyle Luckey-Smith
- Kyle Luckey-Smith is Flight Nurse, Vanderbilt University Medical Center LifeFlight, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Susanna Rudy
- Susanna Rudy is Instructor, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Emergency Nurse Practitioner, and Critical Care Nurse Practitioner, Nashville, Tennessee
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12
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Jiao S, Niu M, Yang J. Nodular Elastoidosis with Cysts and Acne: A Case Report. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2453-2456. [PMID: 37705613 PMCID: PMC10496920 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s426880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
A 53-year-old male presented to the clinic for "bilateral temporal dark yellow plaques with pruritus for 8 years." The patient had bilateral temporal dark yellow plaques without obvious inducement 8 years ago and did not see doctors at that time. Five years ago, bilateral temporal skin lesions gradually increased and were accompanied by severe itching. On top of them, there were several blackheads and pimples with the size of needle tips up to the size of rice grains. After compression, lipid substances could be excreted and there was a clear odor. The patient sought medical attention at a local hospital, but the diagnosis and medication were unknown, and the symptoms did not improve. In the past month, due to the aggravation of skin lesions and itching that affected sleep, he visited the outpatient clinic of our hospital again. The patient was diagnosed with nodular elastoidosis with cysts and acne and was given 5% peroxybenzoyl gel and 0.1% tretinoin cream for topical use. After 2 weeks, the itching symptoms of the patient were significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Jiao
- Jiao Shicheng Medical Beauty Clinic, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mu Niu
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
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Ishimoto Y, Menezes LF, Zhou F, Yoshida T, Komori T, Qiu J, Young MF, Lu H, Potapova S, Outeda P, Watnick T, Germino GG. A novel ARPKD mouse model with near-complete deletion of the Polycystic Kidney and Hepatic Disease 1 (Pkhd1) genomic locus presents with multiple phenotypes but not renal cysts. Kidney Int 2023; 104:611-616. [PMID: 37419448 PMCID: PMC10529617 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ishimoto
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis F Menezes
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Fang Zhou
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Taishi Komori
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiahe Qiu
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marian F Young
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huiyan Lu
- Mouse Transgenic Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Svetlana Potapova
- Mouse Transgenic Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Outeda
- Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Terry Watnick
- Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory G Germino
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Siddique AR, Motwani MB, Bankar NJ. Assessment of Digital Intraoral Periapical Radiograph for the Detection of Apical Root Resorption in Inflammatory Periapical Pathologies: A Radiovisiography Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e44885. [PMID: 37814761 PMCID: PMC10560382 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resorption often takes the form of external inflammatory root resorption. Apical periodontitis or an apical cyst is the most typical cause of external inflammatory root resorption. Failure of endodontic treatment can occur if severe apical root resorption occurs.This is due to the difficulty of reaching these sites.Apical root resorption is usually discovered during routine radiographs and is usually in its later stages. If the lesion is advanced, extraction is the only viable solution. An accurate diagnosis of incipient root resorption is essential. This research is designed to analyze the effectiveness of digital intraoral periapical radiographs in assessing apical root resorption (ARR) related to periapical pathologies. Material and methods This cross-sectional radiographic observational research was conducted in a dental college and hospital in central India. Radiovisiography (RVG) images of 190 patients' teeth with inflammatory periapical pathologies were evaluated to determine the presence or absence of resorption in the apical area of the root. After the radiographic assessment of the apical root resorption, the extraction of the affected teeth was done under all aseptic conditions. The periapical tissue was sent for histological analysis and the extracted tooth sample was examined for the presence or absence of apical root resorption. Results In comparison to apical periodontitis, the proportion of severe root resorption patients was significantly higher in abscess and periapical granuloma. Using Pearson's Chi-square test, the difference in patient proportions according to the kind of resorption in the three radiological diagnosis groups was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.0058. Conclusion It was concluded that on radiographic examination, digital intraoral periapical radiographs were found to be accurate in determining periapical apical pathologies and apical root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeba R Siddique
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, IND
| | - Mukta B Motwani
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vidya Shikshan Prasarak Mandals Dental College and Research Center, Nagpur, IND
| | - Nandkishor J Bankar
- Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Yanda MK, Ciobanu C, Guggino WB, Cebotaru L. CFTR and PC2, partners in the primary cilia in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C682-C693. [PMID: 37519231 PMCID: PMC10635646 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00197.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Defects in the primary cilium are associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We used a combination of animal models, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy and discovered that CFTR and polycystin 2 (PC2) are both colocalized to the cilium in normal kidneys, with the levels of both being decreased in cystic epithelia. Cilia were longer in CFTR-null mice and in cystic cells in our ADPKD animal models. We examined septin 2, known to play a role in cilia length, to act as a diffusion barrier and to serve as an enhancer of proliferation. We found that septin 2 protein levels were upregulated and colocalized strongly with CFTR in cystic cells. Application of VX-809, the CFTR corrector, restored CFTR and PC2 toward normal in the cilia, decreased the protein levels of septin 2, and drastically reduced septin 2 colocalization with CFTR. Our data suggest that CFTR is present in the cilia and plays a role there, perhaps through its conductance of Cl-. We also postulate that septin 2 is important for localizing CFTR to the apical membrane in cystic epithelia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CFTR is present in the primary cilia together with polycystin 2 (PC2). Ablation of CFTR makes cilia longer suggesting that CFTR plays a role there, perhaps through its conductance of Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Yanda
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Cristian Ciobanu
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - William B Guggino
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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16
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Dhanuthai K, Chantarangsu S, Klanrit P, Chamusri N, Aminishakib P, Khoozestani NK, Morozan A, Tang C, Singh R, Darling M. Cysts of the jaws: A multicentre study. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37642034 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relative frequency, demographic and pathologic profiles of patients diagnosed with cysts of the jaws. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biopsy records of the participating institutions from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed for lesions diagnosed in the cyst category. Demographic data, the location of the cysts and pathologic diagnoses were collected. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistics using IBM SPSS software version 28.0. RESULTS From 148,353 accessioned cases, 25,628 cases (17.28%) were diagnosed in the cyst category. Mean age of the patients ± SD = 42.62 ± 19.36 years. Paediatric patients (aged ≤ 16 years) accounted for 9.63%, while geriatric patients (aged ≥ 65) comprised 14.22% of all the patients. The male-to-female ratio was 1.27:1. The majority of the lesions were encountered in the mandible. The most prevalent cyst was radicular cyst followed by dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst. In the paediatric group, dentigerous cyst was the most prevalent, whereas in the geriatric group, radicular cyst was the most common. CONCLUSIONS In general, the results of this study are in accordance with previous studies. This study provides an invaluable database for clinicians when formulating clinical differential diagnoses as well as for pathologists in rendering the final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipong Dhanuthai
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soranun Chantarangsu
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poramaporn Klanrit
- Department of Oral Biomedical Science-Division of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nutchapon Chamusri
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pouyan Aminishakib
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Kardouni Khoozestani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arina Morozan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celina Tang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Riponjot Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Darling
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Bajaj S, Gandhi D, Nayar D, Serhal A. Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL): Characteristic Lesions with Classic Imaging Findings. J Kidney Cancer VHL 2023; 10:23-31. [PMID: 37555195 PMCID: PMC10404985 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.v10i3.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a multisystem cancer syndrome caused by the inactivation of the VHL tumor suppressor gene and involves various organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS), endocrine system, and the kidneys. Tumors seen in patients with VHL disease can be benign or malignant and are usually multifocal, bilateral, and hypervascular in nature. As most lesions associated with VHL are asymptomatic initially, early diagnosis and the institution of an evidence-based surveillance protocol are of paramount importance. Screening, surveillance, and genetic counseling are key aspects in the management of patients diagnosed with VHL disease and often require a multidisciplinary approach and referral to specialized centers. This article will discuss the characteristic lesions seen with VHL disease, their diagnosis, screening protocols and management strategies, as well as an illustrative case to demonstrate the natural progression of the disease with classic imaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryansh Bajaj
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Darshan Gandhi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Divya Nayar
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ali Serhal
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Sousa P, Correia-de-Oliveira S, Guimarães M, Dias Â, Moreira-Pinto J. Skene's Gland Cyst - Case Report of a 2-Year-Old Girl. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023; 42:685-689. [PMID: 36881016 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2186694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skene's glands are the two largest paraurethral glands and the female homologue to the prostate glands. When their ducts become obstructed, cysts may be formed. This usually occurs in adult women. Most cases reported in pediatrics are neonatal, with a single report in a prepubertal girl. CASE REPORT We present a 25-month-old girl with a 7 mm nontender, solid, oval, pink-orange paraurethral mass, with no change over a five-month period. Histopathology revealed the cyst to be lined with transitional epithelium consistent with a Skene's gland cyst. The child did well with no sequalae. CONCLUSION We describe a Skene's gland cyst found in a prepubertal child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Sousa
- Department of Pediatrics, Senhora da Oliveira Hospital, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ângela Dias
- Department of Pediatrics, Senhora da Oliveira Hospital, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Moreira-Pinto
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Research Centre (CEBIMED), Institute of Investigation, Innovation and Development, Fernando Pessoa Foundation (FP-I3ID), Porto, Portugal
- Pediatric Surgery, Fernando Pessoa Teaching Hospital, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
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Ahmed HA, Almasoudi EA, Hetaimish BM, Samargandi R. Primary Hydatid Cyst of the Thigh: Atypical Location and Perioperative Strategies to Minimize Recurrence After Accidental Cyst Rupture. Cureus 2023; 15:e42915. [PMID: 37664270 PMCID: PMC10474935 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a rare case of hydatid cyst (HC) located in the left thigh, an atypical site for this parasitic infection, which typically affects the liver and lungs. A 22-year-old female presented with a gradually increasing swelling in the anterior aspect of her left thigh over a period of six months. The diagnosis of the thigh HC was established through a combination of imaging techniques, including ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and serological tests. The patient underwent surgical removal of the cyst. We also highlight a management strategy for perioperative accidental rupture of the cyst to minimize the risk of dissemination and reduce the likelihood of recurrence. This report emphasizes the need for a careful multidisciplinary approach to ensure effective diagnosis and successful management of HC, particularly when they occur in atypical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramy Samargandi
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, FRA
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
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20
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Becker C, Adam A, Dommisch H, Stach T, Schaefer AS. In vitro induction of Entamoeba gingivalis cyst-like structures from trophozoites in response to antibiotic treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1201394. [PMID: 37469604 PMCID: PMC10352839 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1201394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Entamoeba gingivalis (E. gingivalis) is an anaerobic protozoan that is strongly associated with inflamed periodontal pockets. It is able to invade the mucosal epithelium of the human host, where it can feed on epithelial cells and elicit a severe innate immune response. Unlike other Entamoeba species, it is considered that E. gingivalis cannot form cysts, because it is a non-infectious protozoan. The lack of encystation capability would make it susceptible to periodontal treatment. However, it is not clear how the human host becomes infected with E. gingivalis trophozoites. We investigated the ability of E. gingivalis to encapsulate in response to an unfavorable environment in vitro. Methods Different strains of E. gingivalis, isolated from inflamed periodontal pocket samples, were cultured for 8 days in the presence or absence of the antimicrobials amoxycillin and metronidazole. To reveal cyst formation, we investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the amoeba by light, fluorescence, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. We also used the fluorescent dye calcofluor white M2R to demonstrate chitin present in the cyst wall. Results We observed exocysts and an intra-cystic space separating the encapsulated trophozoite from the environment. Remarkably, cysts showed a smooth surface, polygonal edges and smaller size compared to free-living trophozoites. In addition, encapsulated trophozoites that detached from the cyst wall had a dense cytoplasma without phagocytic vesicles. The cyst walls consisted of chitin as in other Entamoba species. The encapsulated trophozoids were mononuclear after antibioticinduced encapsulation. Discussion We conclude that E. gingivalis cyst formation has significant implications for dissemination and infection and may explain why established treatment approaches often fail to halt periodontal tissue destruction during periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Becker
- Molecular Genetics of Oral Inflammatory Diseases Group, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aysegül Adam
- Molecular Genetics of Oral Inflammatory Diseases Group, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Molecular Genetics of Oral Inflammatory Diseases Group, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Stach
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne S. Schaefer
- Molecular Genetics of Oral Inflammatory Diseases Group, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Della Corte M, Viggiano D. Wall Tension and Tubular Resistance in Kidney Cystic Conditions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1750. [PMID: 37371845 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive formation of single or multiple cysts accompanies several renal diseases. Specifically, (i) genetic forms, such as adult dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and (ii) acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) are probably the most frequent forms of cystic diseases. Adult dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by multiple kidney cysts and systemic alterations. The genes responsible for the condition are known, and a large amount of literature focuses on the molecular description of the mechanism. The present manuscript shows that a multiscale approach that considers supramolecular physical phenomena captures the characteristics of both ADPKD and acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) from the pathogenetic and therapeutical point of view, potentially suggesting future treatments. We first review the hypothesis of cystogenesis in ADPKD and then focus on ACKD, showing that they share essential pathogenetic features, which can be explained by a localized obstruction of a tubule and/or an alteration of the tubular wall tension. The consequent tubular aneurysms (cysts) follow Laplace's law. Reviewing the public databases, we show that ADPKD genes are widely expressed in various organs, and these proteins interact with the extracellular matrix, thus potentially modifying wall tension. At the kidney and liver level, the authors suggest that altered cell polarity/secretion/proliferation produce tubular regions of high resistance to the urine/bile flow. The increased intratubular pressure upstream increases the difference between the inside (Pi) and the outside (Pe) of the tubules (∆P) and is counterbalanced by lower wall tension by a factor depending on the radius. The latter is a function of tubule length. In adult dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a minimal reduction in the wall tension may lead to a dilatation in the tubular segments along the nephron over the years. The initial increase in the tubule radius would then facilitate the progressive expansion of the cysts. In this regard, tubular cell proliferation may be, at least partially, a consequence of the progressive cysts' expansion. This theory is discussed in view of other diseases with reduced wall tension and with cysts and the therapeutic effects of vaptans, somatostatin, SGLT2 inhibitors, and potentially other therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Nair J, Swamiyappan SS, Bathala RT, Gupta J, Nayar KD, D B. Labrune Syndrome: A Rare Leukodystrophy. Cureus 2023; 15:e39287. [PMID: 37346205 PMCID: PMC10280778 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Labrune syndrome is a rare neurological disorder, with less than 100 reported cases since its identification. This disorder causes progressive cerebral degeneration. This case report describes a 21-year-old male patient who presented with tonic-clonic seizures. Upon examination, he was found to have symmetrical dense calcifications in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalami, and dentate nuclei, as well as in the white matter of both hemispheres, accompanied by cysts. MRI brain revealed confluent areas of T2/FLAIR hyperintensities involving the deep periventricular white matter in both cerebral hemispheres with sparing of subcortical U-fibres and two cysts in the left frontal and right posterior temporal region. No serologic evidence of a parasitic infection was found. Treatment was directed at addressing symptoms, and surgery was not required as the cysts were not causing a mass effect. The condition is the result of an autosomal mutation in the SNORD118 gene, a non-protein encoding gene that mediates rRNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishnu Nair
- Neurosurgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Rav Tej Bathala
- Neurosurgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Jayesh Gupta
- Neurosurgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Kapil D Nayar
- Internal Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Balasubramaniam D
- Neurosurgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
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23
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Park RJ, Unnikrishnan S, Berliner J, Magnussen J, Liu S, Stoodley MA. Cerebellar Tonsillar Descent Mimicking Chiari Malformation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082786. [PMID: 37109124 PMCID: PMC10144607 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiari I malformation has been defined as cerebellar tonsillar descent greater than 5 mm below the foramen magnum. Suboccipital decompression remains the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic patients. Other conditions sometimes have imaging features that mimic Chiari I malformation. These patients are at risk of misdiagnosis and mismanagement, including surgery that may be unnecessary or may even worsen the underlying condition. The aim of this study was to analyse a series of Chiari I malformation mimics and identify differentiating imaging features. The mimics are categorised as post-traumatic cranio-cervical junction arachnoiditis, dural band, spontaneous intracranial hypotension, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and cysts. Better understanding of these conditions will assist with diagnosis and optimal management, including avoiding unnecessary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Unnikrishnan
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Joel Berliner
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - John Magnussen
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Shinuo Liu
- Statewide Neurosurgical Service, Sir Charles Gairdner and Perth Children's Hospitals, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Marcus A Stoodley
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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24
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Yasback A, Ulhaque A, Chandra T. Giant Mesenchymal Hepatic Hamartomas With Adrenal Involvement Precipitating Respiratory Failure: A Myxomatous Mystery in a Three-Month-Old. Cureus 2023; 15:e37476. [PMID: 37187645 PMCID: PMC10176756 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of placental mesenchymal dysplasia and hepatic mesenchymal hamartomas is an extremely rare finding. We present the case of a three-month-old female born at 35 weeks gestation with a history of placental mesenchymal dysplasia who presented with non-bilious, non-bloody emesis, and episodes of respiratory distress due to multiple enlarging abdominal cystic lesions. The patient's presentation was unique due to both liver and adrenal solid and cystic lesions. After extensive imaging and multiple biopsies, expert interpretation of biopsy tissue revealed hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma within the liver and the adrenal gland. To our knowledge, this is one of the few documented cases of unresectable hepatic mesenchymal hamartomas with adrenal involvement successfully undergoing a whole liver transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yasback
- College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Abid Ulhaque
- Radiology, HCA West Florida, Trinity Medical Center, Trinity, USA
| | - Tushar Chandra
- Pediatric Radiology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, USA
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25
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López-Martínez J, Álvarez-Tello FJ, Porchas-Cornejo MA, Nevárez-López CA, Muhlia-Almazán A, Urías-Padilla KV. Multiple reproduction forms in the polyps of the cannonball jellyfish Stomolophus sp. 2: Probable life-cycle reversal. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2023; 339:239-252. [PMID: 36470843 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The jellyfish genera Stomolophus spp. is one of the most abundant in the Pacific Ocean, yet it has not been thoroughly studied. Until recently, research has been developed and directed to its knowledge because of the economic interest in its exploitation. The genus Stomolophus in the Pacific Ocean is composed of five species (S. agaricus, S. chunii, S. collaris, S. fritillaria, and S. meleagris), and Stomolophus sp. 2 has been recently reported in the central part of the Gulf of California. Therefore, this study aimed to describe in vivo the different developmental stages of Stomolophus sp. 2 life cycle. As a result, multiple polyp reproduction forms were described, such as polyp-stolon formation, polydisc strobilation with more than 20 ephyrae formed by each strobila, and polyp formation directly from juvenile ephyra. In the degenerating phase, the polyps turned into cysts induced by stress conditions, such as changes in temperature, oxygen, and food availability. The life cycle of Stomolophus sp. 2 can be distinguished from that of S. meleagris by showing various asexual reproduction mechanisms and polydisc-like strobilation. The formation of polyps directly from the ectoderm of degenerating juvenile medusae suggests the possibility of a reversion cycle. Because of the different life cycles between S. meleagris and S. sp. 2, in addition to their morphological and genetic differences, this study proposes that Stomolophus sp. 2 should be considered a new species and suggests the name Stomolophus yaquilli, in reference to the indigenous community that lives in the species distribution area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adriana Muhlia-Almazán
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentos y Desarrollo, A. C. (CIAD) Unidad Hermosillo, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, Sonora, Mexico
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26
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Sharma N, Dewoolkar S. Unknown Case: Cyst Gone Rogue? J Breast Imaging 2023; 5:230-232. [PMID: 38416939 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
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27
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Bai Z, Ma X, Yan R, Lei W, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Liu S. Metabolomic profiling of early inactive hepatic alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Acta Trop 2023; 242:106875. [PMID: 36940858 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) are severe helminthic zoonoses and leading causes of parasitic liver damage. They pose a high mortality risk due to invisible clinical signs, especially at the early inactive stage. However, the specific metabolic profiles induced by inactive AE and CE lesions remain largely unclear. Therefore, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling to identify the global metabolic variations in AE and CE patient sera to differentiate between the two diseases and reveal the mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis. In addition, specific serum biomarkers of inactive hepatic AE and CE were screened using receiver operating curves, which can contribute to the clinical diagnosis of both diseases, especially in the earlier phase. These differential metabolites are involved in glycine, serine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine metabolism. Further analysis of key metabolic pathways showed that inactive AE lesions strongly alter amino acid metabolism in the host. CE lesions have an altered metabolism of oxidative stress response. These changes suggest these metabolite-associated pathways can serve as biomarkers to distinguish individuals with inactive AE and CE from healthy populations. This study also investigated the differences in serum metabolic profiles in patients with CE and AE. The biomarkers identified belonged to different metabolic pathways, including lipid, carnitine, androgen, and bile acid metabolism. Taken together, by investigating the different phenotypes of CE and AE with metabolomic profiling, serum biomarkers facilitating early diagnosis were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Bai
- Research Center for High-Altitude Medicine, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China 810001
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Hydatid Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China, 810001
| | - Ranran Yan
- Research Center for High-Altitude Medicine, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China 810001
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Hydatid Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China, 810001
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging PET-CT Center, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China, 810001
| | - Yanming Ren
- Research Center for High-Altitude Medicine, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China 810001.
| | - Shou Liu
- Research Center for High-Altitude Medicine, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China 810001; Department of Public Health, Plateau Medical Research Center, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China, 810001.
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28
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Chun EJ, Chung HC, Kim JK, Kim SS, Kim CW. Therapeutic effect of intralesional 1% sodium tetradecyl sulphate injection for digital mucous cysts. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:282-284. [PMID: 36896913 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Chun
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Ki Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Seok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Woo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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29
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Wong HE, Cullen JM, Vilà-González M, Pittaway R, Desmet VJ, Gillian TD. Patent hepatic ciliated foregut remnant resulting in an umbilicobiliary sinus tract, with gallbladder agenesis, in an 8-wk-old male French Bulldog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:196-200. [PMID: 36600481 PMCID: PMC9999390 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221147317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ciliated foregut remnants or cysts are congenital abnormalities resulting from retention of embryonic ciliated foregut within the liver. These structures are rarely reported in the human medical literature and have not been reported in the veterinary literature previously, to our knowledge. We describe here a case of an 8-wk-old male French Bulldog with a congenital patent hepatic ciliated foregut remnant resulting in an umbilicobiliary sinus tract. The dog also had concurrent gallbladder agenesis. The patient had yellow fluid discharging from the umbilicus, mimicking a patent urachus. Surgical exploration, removal, and histology provided a conclusive diagnosis of a hepatic foregut remnant and therapeutic resolution of the clinical signs. The histologic appearance of a hepatic foregut remnant is classical, namely a duct composed of 4 layers: an inner ciliated epithelial lining, loose connective tissue, smooth muscle, and a fibrous capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Wong
- Hannah E. Wong, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - John M. Cullen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Marta Vilà-González
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Valeer J. Desmet
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tammy D. Gillian
- Oakwood Veterinary Referrals, Willows Veterinary Hospital, Hartford, Northwick, Cheshire, UK
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30
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Alsaygh EF, Abduh WK, Alshahir AA. Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Due to Multiple Intraneural Cysts at Elbow: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e36449. [PMID: 37090347 PMCID: PMC10116433 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cubital tunnel syndrome is a common disorder that affects the upper limb and involves compression of the ulnar nerve. However, this syndrome is rarely caused by multiple intraneural ganglion cysts. Of all intraneural ganglion cysts, only 9% affect the elbow. This study presents a case report of a 73-year-old female patient who manifested pain, numbness, tingling, and paralysis of the medial aspect of her left forearm, fourth, and fifth fingers of the left hand for six months. Intraoperative findings showed multiple intraneural cysts at the left elbow, which were confirmed via histopathology. The cysts were surgically excised, whereas the ulnar nerve was released into the cubital tunnel and anteriorly transposed. Complete sensory and motor recovery were achieved. Although similar cases of intraneural cysts were reported in the literature, this case has the uniqueness of the unusual number and site of intraneural cysts in the ulnar nerve on the background of osteoarthritic changes. Therefore, the aim of reporting this case is to increase awareness of the presence of these cysts when the symptoms are severe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waleed K Abduh
- Department of Surgery, Orthopedic Section, King Fahad Hospital, Almadinah Almunawwarah, SAU
| | - Alwaleed A Alshahir
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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31
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Zheng XN, Wang JL, Elsheikha HM, Wang M, Zhang ZW, Sun LX, Wang XC, Zhu XQ, Li TT. Functional Characterization of 15 Novel Dense Granule Proteins in Toxoplasma gondii Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0307822. [PMID: 36515555 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03078-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of the subcellular localization and function of dense granule proteins (GRAs) is of central importance for the understanding of host-parasite interaction and pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Here, we identified 15 novel GRAs and used C-terminal endogenous gene tagging to determine their localization at the intravacuolar network (IVN), parasitophorous vacuole (PV), or PV membrane (PVM) in the tachyzoites and at the periphery of the bradyzoites-containing cysts. The functions of the 15 gra genes were examined in type I RH strain and 5 of these gra genes were also evaluated in the cyst-forming type II Pru strain. The 15 novel gra genes were successfully disrupted by using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated homologous recombination and the results showed that 13 gra genes were not individually essential for T. gondii replication in vitro or virulence in mice during acute and chronic infection. Intriguingly, deletion of TGME49_266410 and TGME49_315910 in both RH and Pru strains decreased the parasite replication in vitro and attenuated its virulence, and also reduced the cyst-forming ability of the Pru strain in mice during chronic infection. Comparison of the transcriptomic profiles of the 15 gra genes suggests that they may play roles in other life cycle stages and genotypes of T. gondii. Taken together, our findings improve the understanding of T. gondii pathogenesis and demonstrate the involvement of two novel GRAs, TGME49_266410 and TGME49_315910, in the parasite replication and virulence. IMPORTANCE Dense granule proteins (GRAs) play important roles in Toxoplasma gondii pathogenicity. However, the functions of many putative GRAs have not been elucidated. Here, we found that 15 novel GRAs are secreted into intravacuolar network (IVN), parasitophorous vacuole (PV), or PV membrane (PVM) in tachyzoites and are located at the periphery of the bradyzoite-containing cysts. TGME49_266410 and TGME49_315910 were crucial to the growth of RH and Pru strains in vitro. Deletion of TGME49_266410 and TGME49_315910 attenuated the parasite virulence in mice. However, disruption of other 13 gra genes did not have a significant impact on the proliferation and pathogenicity of T. gondii in vitro or in vivo. The marked effects of the two novel GRAs (TGME49_266410 and TGME49_315910) on the in vitro growth and virulence of T. gondii are notable and warrant further elucidation of the temporal and spatial dynamics of translocation of these two novel GRAs and how do they interfere with host cell functions.
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Giantini-Larsen A, Abou-Mrad Z, Goldberg JL, El Ahmadieh TY, Beal K, Young RJ, Rosenblum M, Moss NS. Postradiosurgery cystic degeneration in brain metastases causing delayed and potentially severe sequelae: systematic review and illustrative cases. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2023; 5:CASE22462. [PMID: 36748750 PMCID: PMC10550559 DOI: 10.3171/case22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic postradiation degeneration has previously been described in the literature as a rare but potentially severe complication after central nervous system (CNS) irradiation for vascular malformations. Limited cases have been reported in the setting of brain metastases. OBSERVATIONS Thirty-six total cases, including three reported here, of cystic postradiation degeneration are identified. Of 35 cases with complete clinical information, 34 (97.25%) of 35 were symptomatic from cystic changes at diagnosis. The average time between initial radiation dose and cyst development was 7.61 years (range 2-31 years). Although most patients were initially treated conservatively with medication, including steroids, 32 (88.9%) of 36 ultimately required surgical intervention. The most common interventions were craniotomy for cyst fenestration or resection (25 of 36; 69.4%) and Ommaya placement (8 of 36). After intervention, clinical improvement was seen in 10 (67%) of 15 cases, with persistent or worsening deficit or death seen in 5 (33%) of 15. Cysts were decompressed or obliterated on postoperative imaging in 20 (83.3%) of 24 cases, and recurrence was seen in 4 (16.7%) of 24. LESSONS Cystic degeneration is a rare and delayed sequela after radiation for brain metastases. This entity has the potential to cause significant and permanent neurological deficit if not properly recognized and addressed. Durable control can be achieved with a variety of surgical treatments, including cyst fenestration and Ommaya placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Giantini-Larsen
- Departments of Neurological Surgery
- Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Zaki Abou-Mrad
- Departments of Neurological Surgery
- Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Jacob L. Goldberg
- Departments of Neurological Surgery
- Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Tarek Y. El Ahmadieh
- Departments of Neurological Surgery
- Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Kathryn Beal
- Radiation Oncology
- Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Robert J. Young
- Radiology, and
- Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Marc Rosenblum
- Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nelson S. Moss
- Departments of Neurological Surgery
- Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
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Sohn HJ, Kim JH, Kim K, Park S, Shin HJ. De Novo Transcriptome Profiling of Naegleria fowleri Trophozoites and Cysts via RNA Sequencing. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020174. [PMID: 36839446 PMCID: PMC9959186 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri is a pathogenic free-living amoeba, commonly found around the world in warm, fresh water and soil. N. fowleri trophozoites can infect humans by entering the brain through the nose and causing usually fatal primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Trophozoites can encyst to survive under unfavorable conditions such as cold temperature, starvation, and desiccation. Recent technological advances in genomics and bioinformatics have provided unique opportunities for the identification and pre-validation of pathogen-related and environmental resistance through improved understanding of the biology of pathogenic N. fowleri trophozoites and cysts at a molecular level. However, genomic and transcriptomic data on differential expression genes (DEGs) between trophozoites and cysts of N. fowleri are very limited. Here, we report transcriptome Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for N. fowleri trophozoites and cysts and de novo transcriptome assembly. RNA-seq libraries were generated from RNA extracted from N. fowleri sampled from cysts, and a reference transcriptome was generated through the assembly of trophozoite data. In the database, the assembly procedure resulted in 42,220 contigs with a mean length of 11,254 nucleotides and a C+G content of 37.21%. RNA sequencing showed that 146 genes in cysts of N. fowleri indicated 2-fold upregulation in comparison with trophozoites of N. fowleri, and 163 genes were downregulated; these genes were found to participate in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. The KEGG pathway included metabolic (131 sequences) and genetic information processing (66 sequences), cellular processing (43 sequences), environmental information processing (22 sequences), and organismal system (20 sequences) pathways. On the other hand, an analysis of 11,254 sequences via the Gene Ontology database showed that their annotations contained 1069 biological processes including the cellular process (228 sequences) and metabolic process (214 sequences); 923 cellular components including cells (240 sequences) and cell parts (225 sequences); and 415 molecular functions including catalytic activities (195 sequences) and binding processes (186 sequences). Differential expression levels increased in cysts of N. fowleri compared to trophozoites of N. fowleri, which were mainly categorized as serine/threonine protease, kinase, and lipid metabolism-related proteins. These results may provide new insights into pathogen-related genes or environment-resistant genes in the pathogenesis of N. fowleri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jin Sohn
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Haseler J, Tundo I, Southerden P. Marsupialisation of 12 odontogenic cysts in Boxer dogs: Retrospective case series. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1099128. [PMID: 36733637 PMCID: PMC9887282 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1099128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Marsupialisation of odontogenic cysts is a minimally invasive treatment method used in human dentistry. Marsupialisation decompresses the cyst and promotes remodeling of alveolar bone and shrinkage of the cyst. In this retrospective study we look at the effectiveness of marsupialisation at reducing the size of odontogenic cysts in dogs. The case series consists of six Boxer dogs with 12 odontogenic cysts. Each case underwent a high resolution CT scan prior to treatment and at follow-up. Each CT scan was reviewed, the volume of each cyst calculated using manual segmentation and the reduction in cyst volume calculated. There was a marked reduction in cystic volume of 66.6% over a mean of 138 days. This shows that the use of marsupialisation effective method of reducing cyst volume.
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Abstract
Mesenteric cysts are rare benign abdominal lesions that possess the risk of malignant transformation in 3% of reported cases. Most cysts are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally or during the management of their complications. In the majority of cases, they arise from the mesentery of the small bowel, followed by the mesocolon. We present a case report of a 20-year-old female with an abdominal mesenteric cyst.
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Kim TU, Lee SW, Baek SM, Yim JH, Lee YJ, Son JH, Park SJ, Park JK. Apocrine cystomatosis: From the aspect of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:33-37. [PMID: 38384992 PMCID: PMC10878258 DOI: 10.17221/77/2022-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Apocrine cystomatosis, also called epitrichial sweat gland cystomatosis, is a non-neoplastic condition characterised by multiple dilated cysts of sweat gland origin. Histopathologically, these cysts comprise two layers of cells: an inner layer of glandular epithelial cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells. A case of apocrine cystomatosis was admitted to a local hospital. The microscopic investigation revealed that some enlarged cysts showed the transition of glandular epithelial cells into a spindle, mesenchymal cell-like morphology. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has long been studied as a pathway for embryogenesis, organ development, and carcinogenesis. While various molecular factors, including cytokines and growth factors, are known to induce EMT, mechanical forces have also been proposed to initiate EMT. The present case describes a possible relationship between EMT occurring in a cystic condition and further pathological inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Un Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Woo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Baek
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeok Son
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Schneider N, Blutke A, Matiasek K, Parzefall B. Intracranial Subdural Fluid Accumulation Associated with a Choroid Plexus Carcinoma in a Dog. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010024. [PMID: 36669025 PMCID: PMC9867285 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroid plexus tumors are commonly described as intraventricular mass lesions and account for 7-10% of intracranial, primary tumors in dogs. A 3-year-old Shetland sheepdog was presented with a history of slowly progressive lethargy, vision impairment and cognitive deficits. On magnetic resonance imaging, a subdural fluid accumulation (SFA) overlying and compressing the left parietotemporal lobe as well as multifocal changes consisting of cyst-like lesions, supposed intra-axial brain lesions and mild, multifocal meningeal thickening and generalized contrast enhancement were identified. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed a mononuclear pleocytosis with negative results for infectious agents. The dog was treated with prednisolone followed by burr hole craniotomy with puncture of the SFA, which macroscopically appeared to be CSF-like fluid. After initial improvement, the dog deteriorated despite continuation of prednisolone and cytarabine therapy and was euthanized four weeks after surgery. Histopathology was consistent with a disseminated, neuroinvasive choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) that involved the entire neuroaxis including the meninges of the brain and spinal cord. Immunohistochemical examination showed a strong Kir7.1 and a heterogenous cytokeratin-immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells. In conclusion, a CPC should be considered as a possible cause of a SFA even in the absence of an intraventricular mass lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schneider
- Small Animal Clinic Oberhaching, Bajuwarenring 10, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Parzefall
- Small Animal Clinic Oberhaching, Bajuwarenring 10, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-63893020
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Barrios P, Avella Patino D. Surgical indications for mediastinal cysts-a narrative review. Mediastinum 2022; 6:31. [PMID: 36582980 PMCID: PMC9792824 DOI: 10.21037/med-22-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Whether and when surgical intervention is indicated for mediastinal cysts is a matter of some debate. While most mediastinal cysts are found incidentally, the anatomic location, clinical presentation, and symptoms, as well as the potential for malignancy, are important considerations that inform decisions related to whether to intervene surgically. The objective of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding the criteria for surgical excision of mediastinal cysts and provide a framework for the clinician and surgeon to arrive at a decision regarding the appropriateness of surgical intervention of mediastinal cysts. Methods A review of the published literature in the last 45 years (1977-2022) was conducted through PubMed, MeSh and Google Scholar. We included retrospective reviews, meta-analyses, and case studies published in the English language. A single author identified eligible studies, and those identified were reviewed by the team until consensus was met. Pediatric literature was excluded from this review. Key Content and Findings The current literature predominantly contains case studies, small retrospective studies, and meta-analyses describing mediastinal cysts. In the anterior mediastinum, multiloculated thymic cysts should be resected to rule out thymic malignancy. Intralesional fat, smooth borders, and a more midline location are features suggestive of a benign process, while asymmetric cystic wall thickening has been associated with malignancy. Both esophageal and bronchogenic cysts should be excised, taking into account the risk of complications (up to a 45% risk) of infection, rupture, or compression, as well as the rare risk of associated malignancy. Simple thymic and small pericardial cysts can be observed and followed with serial radiographic tools and should be resected if they increase in size, compress surrounding structures, or lead the patient to develop symptoms. Conclusions Since mediastinal cysts are rare and often asymptomatic, there are no formal guidelines outlining when surgical intervention should be undertaken. Based on our review of the literature, surgical intervention should be pursued if the patient's symptoms correlate with radiographic findings of a mediastinal cyst, there is compression of the surrounding structures, and concern of malignancy is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Barrios
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diego Avella Patino
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA;,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gansevoort RT, Hariri A, Minini P, Ahn C, Chapman AB, Horie S, Knebelmann B, Mrug M, Ong ACM, Pei YPC, Torres VE, Modur V, Antonshchuk I, Perrone RD. Venglustat, a Novel Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor, in Patients at Risk of Rapidly Progressing ADPKD: Primary Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2/3 Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 81:517-527.e1. [PMID: 36535535 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the formation of multiple kidney cysts that leads to growth in total kidney volume (TKV) and progression to kidney failure. Venglustat is a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor that has been shown to inhibit cyst growth and reduce kidney failure in preclinical models of ADPKD. STUDY DESIGN STAGED-PKD was a 2-stage, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 study in adults with ADPKD at risk of rapidly progressive disease, who were selected based on Mayo Clinic imaging classification of ADPKD class 1C, 1D, or 1E and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 30-89.9mL/min/1.73m2. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Enrollment included 236 and 242 patients in stages 1 and 2, respectively. INTERVENTIONS In trial stage 1, the patients were randomized 1:1:1 to venglustat, 8mg; venglustat, 15mg; or placebo. In stage 2, the patients were randomized 1:1 to venglustat, 15mg (highest dose identified as safe and well tolerated in stage 1), or placebo. OUTCOMES Primary end points were rate of change in TKV over 18 months in stage 1 and eGFR slope over 24 months in stage 2. Secondary end points were eGFR slope over 18 months (stage 1), rate of change in TKV (stage 2), and safety/tolerability, pain, and fatigue (stages 1 and 2). RESULTS A prespecified interim futility analysis showed that venglustat treatment had no effect on the annualized rate of change in TKV over 18 months (stage 1) and had a faster rate of decline in eGFR slope over 24 months (stage 2). Due to this lack of efficacy, the study was terminated early. LIMITATIONS The short follow-up period after the end of treatment and limited generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS In patients with rapidly progressing ADPKD, treatment with venglustat at either 8mg or 15mg showed no change in the rate of change in TKV and a faster rate of eGFR decline in STAGED-PKD despite a dose-dependent decrease in plasma glucosylceramide levels. FUNDING This study was funded by Sanofi. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT03523728.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald T Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Hariri
- Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Arlene B Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bertrand Knebelmann
- Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Albert C M Ong
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - York P C Pei
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vijay Modur
- Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ronald D Perrone
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Nikam PB, Salunkhe JD, Marathe KR, Alghuthaymi MA, Abd-Elsalam KA, Patil SV. Rhizobium pusense-Mediated Selenium Nanoparticles-Antibiotics Combinations against Acanthamoeba sp. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122502. [PMID: 36557755 PMCID: PMC9785558 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe ocular infections by Acanthamoeba sp. lead to keratitis, resulting in irreversible vision loss in immune-compromised individuals. When a protozoal infection spreads to neural tissues, it causes granulomatous encephalitis, which can be fatal. Treatment often takes longer due to the transition of amoeba from trophozoites to cyst stages, cyst being the dormant form of Acanthamoeba. A prolonged use of therapeutic agents, such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), results in severe side effects; thus, it is critical to improve the therapeutic efficacy of these widely used antibiotics, possibly by limiting the drug-sensitive protozoal-phase transition to cyst formation. Owing to the biomedical potential of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), we evaluated the synergistic effects of ciprofloxacin and Rhizobium pusense-biogenic SeNPs combination. SeNPs synthesized using Rhizobium pusense isolated from root nodules were characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, FT-IR, SEM with EDX, particle size analysis, and Zeta potential. The combination was observed to reduce the sub-lethal dose of Cipro, which may help reduce its side effects. The selenium and ciprofloxacin (SeNPs-Cipro) combination reduced the LC50 by 33.43%. The anti-protozoal efficacy of SeNPs-Cipro was found to transduce through decreased protozoal-cyst formations and the inhibition of the galactosidase and protease enzymes of trophozoites. Furthermore, high leakage of sugar, proteins, and amino acids during the SeNPs-Cipro treatment was one primary reason for killing the trophozoites. These experimental results may be helpful in the further pre-clinical evaluation of SeNPs-Cipro to combat protozoal infections. Future studies for combinations of SeNPs with other antibiotics need to be conducted to know the potential of SeNPs against antibiotic resistance in Acanthamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya B. Nikam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, India
| | - Jitendra D. Salunkhe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, India
| | - Kiran R. Marathe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, India
| | - Mousa A. Alghuthaymi
- Biology Department, Science and Humanities College, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11971, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
- Correspondence: (K.A.A.-E.); or (S.V.P.); Tel.: +91-0257-2257421–25 (S.V.P.)
| | - Satish V. Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, India
- Correspondence: (K.A.A.-E.); or (S.V.P.); Tel.: +91-0257-2257421–25 (S.V.P.)
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Klena JW, J. Kazmi SA, Frank R. Müllerian Cysts of the Posterior Mediastinum: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2022; 14:e31298. [PMID: 36514604 PMCID: PMC9733906 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysts can be segregated according to their embryonic backgrounds. The cysts that were found in the mediastinum are usually divided into bronchogenic cysts, enteric cysts, esophageal cysts, and nonspecific cysts. We add to the relatively small body of literature that exists on this topic by reporting a case of a Müllerian cyst occurring in the posterior mediastinum of a 60-year-old female, showing diffuse nuclear positivity for estrogen receptor (ER) and PAX-8. We examined and summarized the findings of the unique reported cases in the literature. Lastly, an institutional retrospective review of all posterior mediastinal lesions in the last 38.5 years was performed. This revealed that out of 135 candidates within our own healthcare system, the only case consistent with the diagnosis of a mediastinal Müllerian cyst is the report included herein.
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Biktimirov TR, Martov AG, Biktimirov RG, Baranov AV, Miloserdov IA, Kaputovskiy AA, Khitrikh AM, Amosov NA. [Bilateral laparoscopic nephrectomy for polycystic kidney disease]. Urologiia 2022:71-74. [PMID: 36098595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A clinical case of surgical treatment of a patient with autosomal dominant type of polycystic kidney disease, stage 5 of chronic kidney disease and secondary arterial hypertension is presented in the article. The technique of single-stage bilateral laparoscopic nephrectomy, patented by the authors, is described. The practicability and safety of a simultaneous bilateral procedures was demonstrated, as well as the advantage of laparoscopic access for this type of surgical interventions. The successful and prompt procedure allowed the patient to undergone to allotransplantation of a cadaveric kidney as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Biktimirov
- Federal Clinical Center for HMT, Moscow region, Khimki, md. Novogorsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Andrology of Federal Medical and Biological Center named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA RF, Moscow, Russia
- FGBU FSBI Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- GBUZ Moscow district Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Martov
- Federal Clinical Center for HMT, Moscow region, Khimki, md. Novogorsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Andrology of Federal Medical and Biological Center named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA RF, Moscow, Russia
- FGBU FSBI Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- GBUZ Moscow district Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - R G Biktimirov
- Federal Clinical Center for HMT, Moscow region, Khimki, md. Novogorsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Andrology of Federal Medical and Biological Center named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA RF, Moscow, Russia
- FGBU FSBI Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- GBUZ Moscow district Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Baranov
- Federal Clinical Center for HMT, Moscow region, Khimki, md. Novogorsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Andrology of Federal Medical and Biological Center named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA RF, Moscow, Russia
- FGBU FSBI Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- GBUZ Moscow district Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Miloserdov
- Federal Clinical Center for HMT, Moscow region, Khimki, md. Novogorsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Andrology of Federal Medical and Biological Center named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA RF, Moscow, Russia
- FGBU FSBI Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- GBUZ Moscow district Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kaputovskiy
- Federal Clinical Center for HMT, Moscow region, Khimki, md. Novogorsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Andrology of Federal Medical and Biological Center named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA RF, Moscow, Russia
- FGBU FSBI Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- GBUZ Moscow district Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Khitrikh
- Federal Clinical Center for HMT, Moscow region, Khimki, md. Novogorsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Andrology of Federal Medical and Biological Center named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA RF, Moscow, Russia
- FGBU FSBI Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- GBUZ Moscow district Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Amosov
- Federal Clinical Center for HMT, Moscow region, Khimki, md. Novogorsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Andrology of Federal Medical and Biological Center named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA RF, Moscow, Russia
- FGBU FSBI Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- GBUZ Moscow district Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia
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Lee KI, Namgoong S, You HJ, Jeon TS. Epidemiological characteristics and importance of lobulation of giant epidermal cysts: An 18-year retrospective review of 19 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29978. [PMID: 35945748 PMCID: PMC9351876 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant epidermal cysts, which have a diameter of ≥5 cm, have rarely been reported. Giant epidermal cysts that have multiple lobules are referred to as multilocular giant epidermal cysts. This study aims to establish the epidemiological characteristics and statistically determine the significance of lobulation in giant epidermal cysts. Data on 19 patients who developed giant epidermal cysts between January 2003 and February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of septa and the differences in characteristics were analyzed. Among the 19 patients, 16 (84.2%) were male, and the mean age was 57.7 ± 10.6 years. The mean patient-reported tumor duration was 14.8 ± 12.5 years. Seven (36.8%) patients had multilocular giant epidermal cysts, whereas 12 (63.2%) had unilocular giant epidermal cysts. Compared with unilocular giant epidermal cysts, multilocular giant epidermal cysts had a significantly larger mean diameter (6.0 ± 0.7 vs 8.2 ± 1.8 cm, P = .02) and estimated volume (91.8 ± 43.3 vs 250.0 ± 157.0 mL, P = .02). Giant epidermal cysts have distinctive epidemiologic characteristics with predominance among males, those in their 50s, and a long tumor duration. Multilocular giant epidermal cysts are significantly larger in diameter and volume than unilocular ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Il Lee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sik Namgoong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * Correspondence: Sik Namgoong, MD, PhD, Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
| | - Hi-Jin You
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mangi MD, Zadow S, Lim W. Cystic lesions of the humeral head on magnetic resonance imaging: a pictorial review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:4304-4315. [PMID: 35919060 PMCID: PMC9338365 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystic lesions of the humeral head are commonly encountered on routine shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Differential diagnoses include degenerative lesions, calcific tendinitis with osseous involvement, perianchor cysts, abscesses and less often, tumours. Degenerative lesions, including subcortical and subchondral cysts, are the most commonly encountered. These may be associated with rotator cuff disease and degenerative joint diseases or considered part of ageing depending on the location of the cystic lesions. For instance, cysts of the bare area of the humeral head are considered benign age-related entities, whereas cysts of the greater or lesser tuberosity may herald rotator cuff disease. Infectious lesions, particularly osteomyelitis and intraosseous (Brodie’s) abscesses, are intramedullary in location and should be suspected in the context of clinical features such as fever and radiological features such as the penumbra sign. Perianchor cysts are postoperative lesions associated with the use of suture anchors in surgeries such as rotator cuff tear repairs. They generally self-resolve over 18 to 24 months. On MRI, the distribution, morphology, and signal characteristics can help point towards a specific diagnosis. The patient’s demographic, clinical presentation, and past surgical history can be discriminatory. Knowledge of different cystic lesions in the humeral head and underlying aetiology can be useful in helping the radiologist develop a more thorough search pattern for associated conditions. Determining the underlying cause of cysts can have important implications on management, such as when differentiating perianchor cysts from infection. This pictorial review outlines the differential diagnoses of humeral head cysts on MRI and provides a diagnostic approach for the radiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Danish Mangi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Steven Zadow
- Dr Jones & Partners Medical Imaging, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Medical Imaging, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wanyin Lim
- Dr Jones & Partners Medical Imaging, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Radiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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El-kady AM, Al-Megrin WAI, Abdel-Rahman IAM, Sayed E, Alshehri EA, Wakid MH, Baakdah FM, Mohamed K, Elshazly H, Alobaid HM, Qahl SH, Elshabrawy HA, Younis SS. Ginger Is a Potential Therapeutic for Chronic Toxoplasmosis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070798. [PMID: 35890042 PMCID: PMC9315699 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an opportunistic parasite that causes serious diseases in humans, particularly immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. To date, there are limited numbers of therapeutics for chronic toxoplasmosis which necessitate the discovery of effective and safe therapeutics. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antitoxoplasmosis potential of ginger extract in mice with experimentally induced chronic toxoplasmosis. Results: Treatment with ginger extract significantly reduced cysts count in the brains of T. gondii-infected mice with a marked alleviation of edema and inflammation, and a reversal of neuronal injury. Moreover, ginger extract treatment reduced inflammation in liver and lungs and protected hepatocytes from infection-induced degeneration. Consistently, apoptosis was significantly mitigated in the brains of ginger extract-treated mice compared to infected untreated animals or spiramycin-treated animals. Methods: Four groups of Swiss albino mice (10 mice each) were used. The first group was not infected, whereas 3 groups were infected with Me49 T. gondii strains. One infected group remained untreated (infected untreated), whereas the other two infected groups were treated with either ginger extract (250 mg/kg) or spiramycin (positive control; 100 mg/kg), respectively. The therapeutic potential of ginger extract was evaluated by calculation of the parasite burden in infected animals, and examination of the infected tissues for reduced pathologic changes. Conclusions: Our results showed for the first time that ginger extract exhibited marked therapeutic effects in mice with chronic T. gondii infection which indicates that it can be used as a safe and effective treatment for chronic toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. El-kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: Correspondence: (A.M.E.-k.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Wafa Abdullah I. Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Eman Sayed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Eman Abdullah Alshehri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.A.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Majed H. Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.W.); (F.M.B.)
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi M. Baakdah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.W.); (F.M.B.)
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Mohamed
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hayam Elshazly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences -Scientific Departments, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim 52571, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Hussah M. Alobaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.A.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Safa H. Qahl
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hatem A. Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
- Correspondence: Correspondence: (A.M.E.-k.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Salwa S. Younis
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt;
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Shing B, Balen M, Fenical W, Debnath A. Development of a Machine Learning-Based Cysticidal Assay and Identification of an Amebicidal and Cysticidal Marine Microbial Metabolite against Acanthamoeba. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0007722. [PMID: 35467370 PMCID: PMC9241814 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00077-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional cysticidal assays for Acanthamoeba species revolve around treating cysts with compounds and manually observing the culture for evidence of excystation. This method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and low throughput. We adapted and trained a YOLOv3 machine learning, object detection neural network to recognize Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts in microscopy images to develop an automated cysticidal assay. This trained neural network was used to count trophozoites in wells treated with compounds of interest to determine if a compound treatment was cysticidal. We validated this new assay with known cysticidal and noncysticidal compounds. In addition, we undertook a large-scale bioluminescence-based screen of 9,286 structurally unique marine microbial metabolite fractions against the trophozoites of A. castellanii and identified 29 trophocidal hits. These hits were then subjected to this machine learning-based automated cysticidal assay. One marine microbial metabolite fraction was identified as both trophocidal and cysticidal. IMPORTANCE The free-living Acanthamoeba can exist as a trophozoite or cyst and both stages can cause painful blinding keratitis. Infection recurrence occurs in approximately 10% of cases due to the lack of efficient drugs that can kill both trophozoites and cysts. Therefore, the discovery of therapeutics that are effective against both stages is a critical unmet need to avert blindness. Current efforts to identify new anti-Acanthamoeba compounds rely primarily upon assays that target the trophozoite stage of the parasite. We adapted and trained a machine learning, object detection neural network to recognize Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts in microscopy images. Our machine learning-based cysticidal assay improved throughput, demonstrated high specificity, and had an exquisite ability to identify noncysticidal compounds. We combined this cysticidal assay with our bioluminescence-based trophocidal assay to screen about 9,000 structurally unique marine microbial metabolites against A. castellanii. Our screen identified a marine metabolite that was both trophocidal and cysticidal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Shing
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mina Balen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anjan Debnath
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease affecting all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Vaccination strategies aimed at inducing an efficient immune response while preventing transmission have been attempted in the past. While many different approaches can partially protect immunized animals against subsequent infections, full and lasting protection is rarely attained and only with live-attenuated vaccines. In addition, vaccines based on mutant strains that are deficient in forming the chronic phase of the parasite (such as Toxovax™) cannot be extensively used due to their zoonotic potential and the possibility of reversion to virulent phenotypes. An increasing number of studies using emerging genetic-engineering tools have been conducted to design novel vaccines based on recombinant proteins, DNA or delivery systems such as nanoparticles. However, these are usually less efficient due to their antigenic simplicity. In this perspective article we discuss potential target genes and novel strategies to generate live-attenuated long-lasting vaccines based on tissue cysts and oocysts, which are the environmentally resistant chronic forms of Toxoplasma. By selectively disrupting genes important for parasite dissemination, cyst formation and/or sporozoite invasion, alone or in combination, a vaccine based on a live-attenuated strain that elicits a protective immune response while preventing the transmission of Toxoplasma could be created. Finally, further improvements of protocols to generate Toxoplasma sexual stages in vitro might lead to the production of oocysts from such a strain without the need for using mice or cats.
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Siddiqui R, Mungroo MR, Anuar TS, Alharbi AM, Alfahemi H, Elmoselhi AB, Khan NA. Antiamoebic Properties of Laboratory and Clinically Used Drugs against Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia mandrillaris. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 35740156 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia mandrillaris are pathogenic free-living amoebae that infect the central nervous system with over 95% mortality rates. Although several compounds have shown promise in vitro but associated side effects and/or prolonged approval processes for clinical applications have led to limited success. To overcome this, drug repurposing of marketed compounds with known mechanism of action is considered a viable approach that has potential to expedite discovery and application of anti-amoebic compounds. In fact, many of the drugs currently employed in the treatment of N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris, such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, rifampin and miltefosine, are repurposed drugs. Here, we evaluated a range of clinical and laboratory compounds including metformin, quinclorac, indaziflam, inositol, nateglinide, 2,6-DNBT, trans-cinnamic acid, terbuthylazine, acarbose, glimepiride, vildagliptin, cellulase, thaxtomin A, repaglinide and dimethyl peptidase (IV) inhibitor against N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris. Anti-amoebic assays revealed that indaziflam, nateglinide, 2,6-DNBT, terbuthylazine, acarbose and glimepiride exhibited potent amoebicidal properties against both N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris. Notably, all compounds tested showed minimal human (HaCaT) cell cytotoxicity as determined by lactate dehydrogenase release. Prospective research using animal models is warranted to determine the potential of these repurposed compounds, as well as the need for investigating the intranasal route of delivery to treat these devastating infections.
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Moon JY, Kim N, Jeong JY, Kim JS, Heo SJ. Lymphoepithelial cyst in the palatine tonsil: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29246. [PMID: 35608426 PMCID: PMC9276245 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Lymphoepithelial cyst of the oral cavity is very rare. Most intraoral lymphoepithelial cysts are observed in the floor of the mouth and very few cases have been reported of its occurrence in the palatine tonsil. PATIENT CONCERNS A 37-year-old healthy woman with no remarkable medical history visited our department with a complaint of frequent tonsillitis. INTERVENTIONS On endoscopic examination, yellowish mass was observed in the palatine tonsil and removed via an intraoral approach. The mass was completely removed with the left palatine tonsil. DIAGNOSES OUTCOMES Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining confirmed a Lymphoepithelial cyst. LESSONS Lymphepithelial cysts of the palatine tonsils are extremely rare and are easily overlooked because there are few reported cases. Therefore, care must be taken when examining the tonsil mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Namkyun Kim
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung Soo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Heo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Donà F, Eli S, Mapelli M. Insights Into Mechanisms of Oriented Division From Studies in 3D Cellular Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:847801. [PMID: 35356279 PMCID: PMC8959941 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.847801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, epithelial cells are key elements of tissue organization. In developing tissues, cellular proliferation and differentiation are under the tight regulation of morphogenetic programs, that ensure the correct organ formation and functioning. In these processes, mitotic rates and division orientation are crucial in regulating the velocity and the timing of the forming tissue. Division orientation, specified by mitotic spindle placement with respect to epithelial apico-basal polarity, controls not only the partitioning of cellular components but also the positioning of the daughter cells within the tissue, and hence the contacts that daughter cells retain with the surrounding microenvironment. Daughter cells positioning is important to determine signal sensing and fate, and therefore the final function of the developing organ. In this review, we will discuss recent discoveries regarding the mechanistics of planar divisions in mammalian epithelial cells, summarizing technologies and model systems used to study oriented cell divisions in vitro such as three-dimensional cysts of immortalized cells and intestinal organoids. We also highlight how misorientation is corrected in vivo and in vitro, and how it might contribute to the onset of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Donà
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Eli
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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