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Alsulami MN, Mohamed K, Wakid MH, Abdel-Gaber R, Timsah AG, Al-Megrin WAI, Khan A, Elkholy WA, Abdelaal KAA, Elshabrawy HA, El-Kady AM. Molecular Characterization of Fasciola hepatica in Sheep Based on DNA Sequences of Ribosomal ITS-1. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6661-6671. [PMID: 37849790 PMCID: PMC10578168 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s421206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction World Health Organization (WHO) considers Fascioliasis as a neglected tropical disease that requires global efforts for disease control. Data from the genetic characterization of Fasciola population shed light on the spread of infections among animals which could help in the development of effective parasite control. The aim of the present work was to genetically characterize Fasciola adult worms isolated from sheep in Saudi Arabia by sequence analysis of ITS-1 region. Methods A total of 12,653 slaughtered sheep in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia were examined for the presence of Fasciola spp. adult worms. The ITS-1 region of all parasites was amplified and sequenced. Results Overall, 12 variants DNA sequences were obtained. The variance of isolates ranged from 0.00771 to 0.34405. BLAST search showed that all obtained sequences were Fasciola hepatica and had >99.3% similarity with F. hepatica isolates from Spain and USA (from different hosts other than sheep). Phylogenetic analysis showed that Fasciola isolates were closely related to isolates from different countries. Discussion The current study showed that F. hepatica was the only spp. isolated from sheep in Jeddah. Further studies from different localities in Saudi Arabia are needed to help in the development of disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muslimah N Alsulami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Mohamed
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed H Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf G Timsah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University, New Damietta City, Egypt
| | - Wafa Abdullah I Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Zoology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Walaa A Elkholy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled A A Abdelaal
- EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX, 77304, USA
| | - Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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El-kady AM, S. Hassan A, Mohamed K, Alfaifi MS, Elshazly H, Alamri ZZ, Wakid MH, Gattan HS, Altwaim SA, Al-Megrin WAI, Younis S. Zinc oxide nanoparticles produced by Zingiber officinale ameliorates acute toxoplasmosis-induced pathological and biochemical alterations and reduced parasite burden in mice model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011447. [PMID: 37410712 PMCID: PMC10325114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although, approximately 30% of the world's population is estimated to be infected with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) with serious manifestations in immunocompromised patients and pregnant females, the available treatment options for toxoplasmosis are limited with serious side effects. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify novel potent, well tolerated candidates for treatment of toxoplasmosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized using Zingiber officinale against acute toxoplasmosis in experimentally infected mice. METHODS The ethanolic extract of ginger was used to prepare ZnO NPs. The produced ZnO NPs were characterized in terms of structure and morphology using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV- spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared formula was used in treatment of T. gondii RH virulent strain. Forty animals were divided into four groups, with ten mice per group. The first group was the uninfected, control group. The second group was infected but untreated. The third and the fourth groups received ZnO NPs and Spiramycin orally in a dose of 10 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg/day respectively. The effect of the used formulas on the animals survival rate, parasite burden, liver enzymes -including Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)-, nitric oxide (NO) and Catalase antioxidant enzyme (CAT) activity was measured. Moreover, the effect of treatment on histopathological alterations associated with toxoplasmosis was examined. RESULTS Mice treated with ZnO NPs showed the longest survival time with significant reduction in the parasite load in the livers and peritoneal fluids of the same group. Moreover, ZnO NPs treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the level of liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and NO and a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of CAT enzyme. SEM examination of tachyzoites from the peritoneal fluid showed marked distortion of T. gondii tachyzoites isolated from mice treated with ZnO NPs in comparison to untreated group. T. gondii induced histopathological alterations in the liver and brain were reversed by ZnO NPs treatment with restoration of normal tissue morphology. CONCLUSION The produced formula showed a good therapeutic potential in treatment of murine toxoplasmosis as demonstrated by prolonged survival rate, reduced parasite burden, improved T. gondii associated liver injury and histopathological alterations. Thus, we assume that the protective effect observed in the current research is attributed to the antioxidant capability of NPs. Based on the results obtained from the current work, we suggest greenly produced ZnO NPs as a chemotherapeutic agent with good therapeutic potential and high levels of safety in the treatment of toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. El-kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Abeer S. Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Khalil Mohamed
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael S. Alfaifi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayam Elshazly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-Scientific Departments, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Zaenah Zuhair Alamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed H. Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S. Gattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A. Altwaim
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Abdullah I. Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Younis
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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El-kady AM, Alzahrani AM, Elshazly H, Alshehri EA, Wakid MH, Gattan HS, Al-Megrin WAI, Alfaifi MS, Mohamed K, Alharbi W, Elshabrawy HA, Younis SS. Pancreatic Pathological Changes in Murine Toxoplasmosis and Possible Association with Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010018. [PMID: 36672526 PMCID: PMC9856159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported involvement of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infections in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases, such as polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis, and Crohn's disease. However, data on the association between T. gondii infections and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are still controversial. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the pancreatic pathological changes in mouse models with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis and their association with T1DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups (10 mice each) of male Swiss Albino mice were used. One group of mice was left uninfected, whereas the second and third groups were infected with the acute virulent T. gondii RH strain and the chronic less virulent Me49 T. gondii strain, respectively. T. gondii-induced pancreatic pathological changes were evaluated by histopathological examination of pancreatic tissues. Moreover, the expression of insulin, levels of caspase-3, and the pancreatic infiltration of CD8+ T cells were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Pancreatic tissues of T. gondii-infected animals showed significant pathological alterations and variable degrees of insulitis. Mice with acute toxoplasmosis exhibited marked enlargement and reduced numbers of islets of Langerhans. However, mice with chronic toxoplasmosis showed considerable reduction in size and number of islets of Langerhans. Moreover, insulin staining revealed significant reduction in β cell numbers, whereas caspase-3 staining showed induced apoptosis in islets of Langerhans of acute toxoplasmosis and chronic toxoplasmosis mice compared to uninfected mice. We detected infiltration of CD8+ T cells only in islets of Langerhans of mice with chronic toxoplasmosis. CONCLUSIONS Acute and chronic toxoplasmosis mice displayed marked pancreatic pathological changes with reduced numbers of islets of Langerhans and insulin-producing-β cells. Since damage of β cells of islets of Langerhans is associated with the development of T1DM, our findings may support a link between T. gondii infections and the development of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. El-kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.E.-k.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Amal M. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Arts in Almandaq, Al Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayam Elshazly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-Scientific Departments, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdullah Alshehri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed H. Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S. Gattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Abdullah I. Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael S. Alfaifi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Mohamed
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waheeb Alharbi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A. Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.E.-k.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Salwa S. Younis
- Departments of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
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Eskandr A, Mahmoud K, Kasemy Z, Mohamed K, Elhennawy T. A comparative study between ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block, pectoral nerves block, and erector spinae block for pain management in cancer breast surgeries. A randomized controlled study. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2022; 69:617-624. [PMID: 36347755 DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Achieving adequate perioperative analgesia can be challenging in patients undergoing breast surgeries due to the complex nerve supply of the breast and axilla. The study aims to investigate the efficacy of ESPB in comparison to conventional regional anesthesia techniques (TPVB and PECS). METHODS Eighty female patients who were scheduled for elective MRM, with ASA score I-II, and aged between 18 and 60 years, were included in the study. Patients were randomized into four groups, the TPVB, PECS, ESPB, and the control group. All patients in either block groups received 25 ml bupivacaine 0.25% with ultrasound guidance. The control group received only opioids for perioperative pain management. The patients were observed for 48 h after surgery for the duration of analgesia (primary outcome). RESULTS ESPB has a shorter duration of analgesia than PECS block with no significant statistical difference compared with group TPVB. Morphine consumption is increased in ESPB compared to the PECS group, with an insignificant difference compared to group TPVB. There was an insignificant difference between the groups concerning hemodynamics and complications, with one pneumothorax case reported in the TPVB group. CONCLUSION PECS and ESPB represent a good alternative to TPVB for post-mastectomy analgesia with a superior analgesic effect of PECS block regarding opioid consumption, duration of the analgesia, and VAS score.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eskandr
- Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, ICU and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.
| | - K Mahmoud
- Professor of Anesthesia, ICU and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Z Kasemy
- Assistant Professor of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
| | - K Mohamed
- Assistant Fellow of Anesthesia and ICU, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, Port Said, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - T Elhennawy
- Lecturer of Anesthesia, ICU and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
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El-kady AM, Abdel-Rahman IAM, Sayed E, Wakid MH, Alobaid HM, Mohamed K, Alshehri EA, Elshazly H, Al-Megrin WAI, Iqbal F, Elshabrawy HA, Timsah AG. A potential herbal therapeutic for trichinellosis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:970327. [PMID: 36082215 PMCID: PMC9445247 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.970327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTrichinellosis is a helminthic disease caused by Trichinella spiralis via the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat of infected animals. Current estimates indicate that 11 million humans have trichinellosis, worldwide. The effective use of anti-trichinella medications is limited by side effects and resistance which highlight the critical need for safe and effective drugs, particularly those derived from medicinal plants. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of Artemisia annua (A. annua) in treatment of experimentally induced trichinellosis.Materials and methodsTrichinellosis was induced experimentally in male 6–8 weeks BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups, 10 mice each. One group was left uninfected and untreated, whereas three groups were infected with T. spiralis. One infected group of mice was left untreated (negative control) while the remaining two infected groups received either 300 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract of A. annua or 50 mg/kg of albendazole (positive control). All treatments started from the third day post-infection (dpi) for 3 successive days. All animals were sacrificed on the 7th dpi for evaluation of treatment efficacy.ResultsOur findings showed that A. annua treatment reduced the T. spiralis adult-worm count in the intestine of infected animals. Moreover, treatment with A. annua restored the normal intestinal architecture, reduced edema, alleviated inflammation as demonstrated by reduced inflammatory infiltrate and expression of TGF-β in intestinal tissues of A. annua-treated animals compared to infected untreated animals.ConclusionsOur findings show that A. annua extract is effective in treating experimentally induced trichinellosis which highlight the therapeutic potential of A. annua for intestinal trichinellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. El-kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Asmaa M. El-kady
| | | | - Eman Sayed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Majed H. Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussah M. Alobaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Mohamed
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hayam Elshazly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-Scientific Departments, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Wafa Abdullah I. Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Adbulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Furhan Iqbal
- Zoology Division, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hatem A. Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX, United States
- Hatem A. Elshabrawy
| | - Ashraf G. Timsah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta City, Egypt
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El-Kady AM, Aldakheel FM, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Dbas Alharbi R, Al Hamed H, Alsulami M, Alshehri WA, El-Ashram S, Kreys E, Mohamed K, Al-Megrin WAI, Elshabrawy HA. Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for Critical Illness in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6945-6963. [PMID: 36068791 PMCID: PMC9441173 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s374090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A good understanding of the possible risk factors for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) severity could help clinicians in identifying patients who need prioritized treatment to prevent disease progression and adverse outcome. In the present study, we aimed to correlate clinical and laboratory characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients to disease outcome in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods The present study included 199 COVID-19 patients admitted to King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia, from April to December 2020. Patients were followed-up until discharge either for recovery or death. Demographic data, clinical data and laboratory results were retrieved from electronic patient records. Results Critical COVID-19 cases showed higher mean of age and higher prevalence of co-morbid conditions. Fifty-five patients died during the observation period. Risk factors for in hospital death for COVID 19 patients were leukocytosis (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.008–3.548, p = 0.081), lymphocytopenia (OR 2.152, 95% CI 1.079–4.295, p = 0.020), neutrophilia (OR 1.839, 95% CI 0.951–3.55, p = 0.047), thrombocytopenia (OR 2.152, 95% CI 0.852–5.430, p = 0.085), liver injury (OR 2.689, 95% CI 1.373–4.944, p = 0.003), acute kidney injury (OR 1.248, 95% CI 0.631–2.467 p = 0.319), pancreatic injury (OR 1.973, 95% CI 0.939–4.144, p = 0.056) and high D dimer (OR 2.635, 95% CI 0.747–9.287, p = 0.091). Conclusion Clinical and laboratory data of COVID-19 patients may help understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and subsequently improve of the outcome of patients by determination of the associated risk factors and recognition of high risk group who are more liable for complications and in hospital death. The present study put an eye on some parameters (laboratory and clinical) that should be alarming signs that the patient is at high risk bad prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: Asmaa M El-Kady; Hatem A Elshabrawy, Email ;
| | - Fahad M Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Dbas Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Al Hamed
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, 52211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslimah Alsulami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa A Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Eugene Kreys
- Department of Clinical & Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Khalil Mohamed
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Abdullah I Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX, 77304, USA
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El-kady AM, Al-Megrin WAI, Abdel-Rahman IAM, Sayed E, Alshehri EA, Wakid MH, Baakdah FM, Mohamed K, Elshazly H, Alobaid HM, Qahl SH, Elshabrawy HA, Younis SS. Ginger Is a Potential Therapeutic for Chronic Toxoplasmosis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070798. [PMID: 35890042 PMCID: PMC9315699 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an opportunistic parasite that causes serious diseases in humans, particularly immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. To date, there are limited numbers of therapeutics for chronic toxoplasmosis which necessitate the discovery of effective and safe therapeutics. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antitoxoplasmosis potential of ginger extract in mice with experimentally induced chronic toxoplasmosis. Results: Treatment with ginger extract significantly reduced cysts count in the brains of T. gondii-infected mice with a marked alleviation of edema and inflammation, and a reversal of neuronal injury. Moreover, ginger extract treatment reduced inflammation in liver and lungs and protected hepatocytes from infection-induced degeneration. Consistently, apoptosis was significantly mitigated in the brains of ginger extract-treated mice compared to infected untreated animals or spiramycin-treated animals. Methods: Four groups of Swiss albino mice (10 mice each) were used. The first group was not infected, whereas 3 groups were infected with Me49 T. gondii strains. One infected group remained untreated (infected untreated), whereas the other two infected groups were treated with either ginger extract (250 mg/kg) or spiramycin (positive control; 100 mg/kg), respectively. The therapeutic potential of ginger extract was evaluated by calculation of the parasite burden in infected animals, and examination of the infected tissues for reduced pathologic changes. Conclusions: Our results showed for the first time that ginger extract exhibited marked therapeutic effects in mice with chronic T. gondii infection which indicates that it can be used as a safe and effective treatment for chronic toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. El-kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: Correspondence: (A.M.E.-k.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Wafa Abdullah I. Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Eman Sayed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Eman Abdullah Alshehri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.A.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Majed H. Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.W.); (F.M.B.)
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi M. Baakdah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.W.); (F.M.B.)
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Mohamed
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hayam Elshazly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences -Scientific Departments, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim 52571, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Hussah M. Alobaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.A.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Safa H. Qahl
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hatem A. Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
- Correspondence: Correspondence: (A.M.E.-k.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Salwa S. Younis
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt;
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Metwally DM, Alajmi R, Alsulami MN, Al-Turaiki IM, Abdel-Gaber R, Alkhuriji AF, Albohiri HH, Mohamed K, Baghdadi HB, El-Khadragy MF, Isaias GT, El-Ashram S. Identification of Theileria spp. in sheep and goats from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using molecular techniques. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12596. [PMID: 34966592 PMCID: PMC8667737 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thileriosis is a tick -born disease caused by hemoprotozoan parasites which has global veterinary and economic implications. Methods Blood samples were collected from 216 sheep and 83 goats from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were analyzed to determine whether the animals were infected with Theileria spp. parasites. The parasites were detected using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the gene of 18S rRNA followed by sequencing. Results According to obtained findings, Theileria spp. were detected in sheep (57.8%, 48/83) and goats (51.9%, 112/216). Phylogenetic analysis to sequence data showed that T. ovis identified in this study were found to be closely connected to an isolate from Turkey, with 84.4–99.8% pairwise identity and 52.35–99.79% coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Metwally
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Reem Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslimah N Alsulami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isra M Al-Turaiki
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afrah F Alkhuriji
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haleema H Albohiri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Mohamed
- Epidemioligy Department, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi B Baghdadi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F El-Khadragy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, University of Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Guillermo T Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.,Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
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Mohamed K, Ali AE, Gafer M, Alsulami M, Albar HT, Abdel-Fattaha M. Evaluation of a Potential Association between Head Lice (Pediculus capitis) Infestation and Anemia among Female Primary School Students in Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i56b33928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to determine if there was an association between head lice infestation and anemia among female primary schools students.
Study Design: Case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia between August 2020 and November 2020.
Methodology: We conducted a case-control study by comparing hemoglobin levels among study subjects with and without head lice infestation. Female students at 6 randomly selected primary schools were examined for the presence of head lice. Hemoglobin levels were obtained from each study subject; both those with and without head lice. Selected characteristics of study subjects were recorded and examined to determine associations between those factors and anemia.
Results: A total of 82 subjects were included in the study; 44 subjects with head lice. The average (± standard deviation) age of subjects was 11 (± 2) (range: 6-11) years. We found a significant (p<0.028) association between the presence of head lice and hemoglobin level, the OR= 2.036 at 95% confidence interval 0.23 to 18.009. The mean of hemoglobin in subjects with lice was 13(±2) while the level in subjects without lice was 14.8(±2). Other factors significantly associated with the level of hemoglobin were being aged 10-11 years (p<0.05) and having a non-working mother (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In our study we found a significant association between head lice and level of hemoglobin among study subjects. Further studies are needed to determine the reason of this association in order to determine the appropriate management and prevention of this problem.
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Vishnu Chandar J, Mutharasu D, Mohamed K, Marsilla KIK, Shanmugan S, Azlan AA. Synergetic effect of micro-hBN and nano-Al2O3 fillers on structural, surface, thermal, and mechanical properties of PLA/hBN/Al 2O 3 hybrid composites: experimental and theoretical investigation. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1861290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Vishnu Chandar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - D. Mutharasu
- Western Digital Corporation, MCoE, PTDI-SSD, Western Digital Corporation, Seberang Perai Selatan, Malaysia
| | - K. Mohamed
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - K. I. K. Marsilla
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - S. Shanmugan
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
| | - A. A. Azlan
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
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MARIEM B, Ikram M, Hela J, Syrine T, Hiba G, Lamia R, Mohamed K, Fethi B. POS-200 SARCOID TUBULO-INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS: A REVIEW OF SIX CASES AT ONE CENTER. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Vishnu Chandar J, Mutharasu D, Mohamed K, Marsilla KIK, Shanmugan S, Azlan AA. High thermal conductivity, UV-stabilized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) hybrid composites for electronic applications: effect of different hybrid fillers on structural, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1888990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Vishnu Chandar
- SchooSl of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - D. Mutharasu
- PTDI-SSD, Western Digital Corporation, MCoE, Seberang Perai Selatan, Malaysia
| | - K. Mohamed
- SchooSl of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - K. I. K. Marsilla
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - S. Shanmugan
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
| | - A. A. Azlan
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
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Mohamed K. Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14:800-811. [PMID: 32903221 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The causative agent of toxoplasmosis is Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii); an intracellular obligate parasite causes abortion in humans and animals. The review aims to clarify the situation of the disease in humans and animals in different parts of the country so that data will be available for any future work regarding the control of the disease. METHODOLOGY All humans and animal research studies published in the last 18 years between 2000 and 2018 in Saudi Arabia were targeted, including prevalence or seroprevalence of T. gondii infection or antibodies. The searched strategy included human or pregnant women or children as well as animals or any particular species. RESULTS The result showed that approximately one-third of the population in Saudi Arabia had IgG seropositivity, and 6.4% had IgM seropositivity. Moreover, the disease was widespread in almost all the regions except AL- Jouf, where no data published. The prevalence of the chronic infection was high in sheep in Riyadh 68%, and the prevalence of acute was found in Najran 19% in sheep, goats, and camels. CONCLUSIONS The current article showed the importance of the disease in Saudi Arabia for both humans and animals. The educational programs should be established to impart people to avoid the infection by the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Mohamed
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm AL Qura University.
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Vishnu Chandar J, Mutharasu D, Mohamed K, Marsilla KIK, Shanmugan S, Azlan AA. Melt compounded polylactic acid-hexagonal boron nitride-aluminum oxide hybrid composites for electronic applications: impact of hybrid fillers on thermophysical, dielectric, optical, and hardness properties. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1793192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Vishnu Chandar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - D. Mutharasu
- MCoE, PTDI-Solid State Drive (SSD), Western Digital Corporation, Sebarang Perai Selatan, Malaysia
| | - K. Mohamed
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - K. I. K. Marsilla
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - S. Shanmugan
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
| | - A. A. Azlan
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
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Ahmedani EI, Elagib AA, Mohamed K, Alghamdi J, Ali A, Lai MY, Lau YL, AlMohammed KH. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification in Blood and Urine Samples from Women in Saudi Arabia. J Clin Diagn Res 2020. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2020/44550.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is the disease which is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which has the ability to infect all warm-blooded animals. Several molecular techniques for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii includes normal and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and gene sequencing. Aim: To apply Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the diagnosis of T. gondii infections in urine and blood samples from female population in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, genomic DNA was extracted from 22 blood and urine samples (11 each), two LAMP assays based on B1 and Surface Antigen 2 (SAG2) genes of T. gondii was performed. Conventional PCR was done for the LAMP product followed by sequencing to confirm the specificity of LAMP method. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used to summarise continuous and categorical variables. Results: From 22 samples, 17 samples were LAMP positive in both urine and blood samples, four were negative in blood and positive in urine samples, and one was positive in blood and negative in urine. Sequencing of PCR product confirm the specificity of the method used. Conclusion: LAMP detection of T. gondii DNA is an appropriate, sensitive and specific method for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis from urine and blood specimens in humans.
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Abd Rashid R, A. Muda N, Saaid M, I. Abdul Halim M, Mohamed K. Determination of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb in Selected rice Grain Available in Malaysia. IJET 2019; 7:232. [DOI: 10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the levels of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, nickel and lead) in imported and domestically produced rice grains sold in Malaysia market. A total of 10 brands of rice samples was purchased from the local market and analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Good linearity was observed over the range studied with a correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9884-0.9999. The range values of the metals detected in rice grain samples were 0.67-0.8 mg/kg for cadmium, 2.14-7.0 mg/kg for copper, 1.85-2.68 mg/kg for nickel and 0.94-3.28 mg/kg for lead. The mean value of rice obtained were above the permitted level set by the Malaysia Food Act 1983 (Act 281) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/ World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) (2015). The Provisional Tolerance Weekly Intake (PTWI) calculated were also above the prescribed limit except for copper.
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Sanh N, Fadul H, Hussein N, Lyn-Cook BD, Hammons G, Ramos-Cardona XE, Mohamed K, Mohammed SI. Proteomics Profiling of Pancreatic Cancer and Pancreatitis for Biomarkers Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9. [PMID: 31032145 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7013.1000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with an increase in incidence predicted, particularly in African Americans. Pancreatic cancer is considered a silent disease with poor prognosis and a lack of early biomarkers for detection. Proteomics has been applied in many diseases for identifying or discovering biomarkers. It has long been suggested that chronic pancreatitis may be a risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer. This study identified proteins that are altered in expression in pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis compared to normal using proteomic technology. Proteins were extracted from laser captured micro-dissected tissues and separated in 2-DPAGE and imaged. The protein profiles of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis are similar but differed with the protein profile of normal adjacent tissues. Representative proteins, overexpressed in tumor and pancreatitis but not normal tissues, were excised from gels, subjected to in-gel digestion, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Proteins identified included transferrin, ER-60 protein, proapolipoprotein, tropomyosin 1, alpha 1 actin precursor, ACTB protein, and gamma 2 propeptide, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, pancreatic lipase and annexin A1. Several proteins, which were shown in pancreatic cancer, were also observed in pancreatitis samples. Understanding the role of these specific proteins and their mechanistic action will give insights into their involvement in pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sanh
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - H Fadul
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - N Hussein
- Franklin College, IUPUI- Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
| | - B D Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA
| | - G Hammons
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA
| | - X E Ramos-Cardona
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - K Mohamed
- Radiation and Isotopes Center Khartoum (RICK), Sudan
| | - S I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
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Abd El-Megeed M, Mohamed K, Hammad M, Ebeed N, Mohamed S. RESIDUES OF IMIDACLOPRID AND MYCOLBUTANIL IN/ON GRAPE AND SOIL UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS. Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2018; 26:1659-1670. [DOI: 10.21608/ajs.2018.34175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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M. I, Eid A, Mohamed K, Abd-elfattah B. Effect of Replacement of Soybean Meal with Duckweed (Lemna minor) Meal on the Growth Performance and Feed Utilization in Nile Tilapia Fingerlings. Journal of Animal, Poultry & Fish Production 2017; 6:7-12. [DOI: 10.21608/japfp.2017.7415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Mohamed K, Ibrahim A, Abd-Allah N. An optimized search for exoplanets with Kepler data. J Phys : Conf Ser 2017; 869:012074. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/869/1/012074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Mohamed K, Yong LY, Davidson DM. The risk to the cutaneous nerve branches in the anterior (Wagner) and snuff-box approaches to the trapezium: a cadaveric study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2016; 41:859-62. [PMID: 27385347 DOI: 10.1177/1753193416653581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We compared the risk with the subcutaneous nerves with the anterior (Wagner) and snuff-box approaches to the trapezium in cadavers. Branches that crossed tattooed incision markings or lay within 1 cm of the markings were identified on six matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric hands. Their distance from the proximal end of the incision was recorded. For anterior incisions, there were 20 vulnerable branches in total, at a mean distance of 22 mm from the proximal end of the incision. A total of 13 lay in the distal half of the incision. For snuff-box incisions, there were 18 vulnerable branches in total, at a mean distance of 11 mm from the proximal end of the incision, with 17 of them lying in the proximal half of the incision. Neither incision is without risk to nerve braches, but our study suggests a lesser risk of subcutaneous nerve damage with the snuff-box approach and highlights the greater risk in the proximal half of this incision.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Y Yong
- The Hooper Hand Unit, St John's Hospital, West Lothian, UK
| | - D M Davidson
- The Hooper Hand Unit, St John's Hospital, West Lothian, UK
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Mohamed K, Bahathiq A, Degnah N, Basuni S, Mahdi AB, Malki AA, Babalghith A. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jia K, Mohamed K. Evaluating the use of cell phone messaging for community Ebola syndromic surveillance in high risked settings in Southern Sierra Leone. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:797-802. [PMID: 26957967 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most underdeveloped countries do not meet core disease outbreak surveillance because of the lack of human resources, laboratory and infrastructural facilities. The use of cell phone technology for disease outbreak syndromic surveillance is a new phenomenon in Sierra Leone despite its successes in other developing countries like Sri Lanka. In this study we set to evaluate the effectiveness of using cell phone technology for Ebola hemorrhagic fever syndromic surveillance in a high risked community in Sierra Leone. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effectiveness of using cell phone messaging (text and calls) for community Ebola hemorrhagic fever syndromic surveillance in high risked community in southern Sierra Leone. METHOD All cell phone syndromic surveillance data used for this study was reported as cell phone alert messages-texts and voice calls; by the Moyamba District Health Management Team for both Ebola hemorrhagic fever suspect and mortalities. We conducted a longitudinal data analysis of the monthly cumulative confirmed Ebola hemorrhagic fever cases and mortalities collected by both the traditional sentinel and community cell phone syndromic surveillance from August 2014 to October 2014. RESULTS A total of 129 and 49 Ebola hemorrhagic fever suspect and confirmed cases respectively were recorded using the community Ebola syndromic surveillance cell phone alert system by the Moyamba District Health Management Team in October 2014. The average number of Ebola hemorrhagic fever suspects and confirmed cases for October 2014 were 4.16 (Std.dev 3.76) and 1.58 (Std.dev 1.43) respectively. Thirty-four percent (n=76) of the community Ebola syndromic surveillance cell phone alerts that were followed-up within 24 hours reported Ebola hemorrhagic fever suspect cases while 65.92% (n=147) reported mortality. CONCLUSION Our study suggests some form of underreporting by the traditional sentinel Ebola hemorrhagic fever disease surveillance system in Moyamba District southern Sierra Leone for August-September 2014. Cell phone messaging technology can be effectively use as a tool for community epidemic surveillance from peripheral health care facilities to higher levels.
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Abulseoud OA, Gawad NA, Mohamed K, Vadnie C, Camsari UM, Karpyak V, Frye MA, Choi DS. Sex differences in mania phenotype and ethanol consumption in the lateral hypothalamic kindled rat model. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e534. [PMID: 25803497 PMCID: PMC4354358 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences have been observed in mania phenotypes in humans. However the mechanisms underlying this difference are poorly understood. Activating the lateral hypothalamus is implicated in manic-like behaviors in rodents. Using newly established lateral hypothalamus kindled (LHK) rat mania model, we investigated sex differences of manic-like behaviors and its correlation with voluntary ethanol intake. We stimulated the lateral hypothalamus bilaterally in the male and female Wistar rats over five consecutive days. We recorded and quantified kindling-induced behaviors for each individual animal. We also assessed ethanol consumption using a two-bottle choice ethanol drinking as well as circadian locomotor activity counts daily throughout the experiment. We found notable sex differences in several aspects of manic-like behaviors during kindling. Males exhibited a significantly increased locomotor activity during the light phase, and reduced rest interval. On the other hand, females displayed significantly higher ethanol consumption and more frequent rearing behavior. However, no sex differences were present in the duration of sexual, feeding or grooming behaviors or in dark-phase activity counts. The excessive alcohol intake in LHK female rats is reminiscent of clinically reported sex differences in bipolar patients while the other phenotypic sex differences such as rearing and locomotor activity are less clearly described in clinical studies. Overall, our results lend further evidence for the validity of the LHK rat as a useful model to study brain region-specific molecular changes during mania and its correlation with alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - N A Gawad
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Mohamed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Vadnie
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - U M Camsari
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - V Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D-S Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Elsholkamy M, Elsharkawy R, Mohamed K. Biochemical monitoring of arthrocentesis as a treatment modality for temporomandibular joint internal derangement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.07.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zipf RK, Marchewka W, Mohamed K, Addis J, Karnack F. Tube bundle system: for monitoring of coal mine atmosphere. Min Eng 2013; 65:57-63. [PMID: 26306052 PMCID: PMC4545479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A tube bundle system (TBS) is a mechanical system for continuously drawing gas samples through tubes from multiple monitoring points located in an underground coal mine. The gas samples are drawn via vacuum pump to the surface and are typically analyzed for oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Results of the gas analyses are displayed and recorded for further analysis. Trends in the composition of the mine atmosphere, such as increasing methane or carbon monoxide concentration, can be detected early, permitting rapid intervention that prevents problems, such as a potentially explosive atmosphere behind seals, fire or spontaneous combustion. TBS is a well-developed technology and has been used in coal mines around the world for more than 50 years. Most longwall coal mines in Australia deploy a TBS, usually with 30 to 40 monitoring points as part of their atmospheric monitoring. The primary uses of a TBS are detecting spontaneous combustion and maintaining sealed areas inert. The TBS might also provide mine atmosphere gas composition data after a catastrophe occurs in an underground mine, if the sampling tubes are not damaged. TBSs are not an alternative to statutory gas and ventilation airflow monitoring by electronic sensors or people; rather, they are an option to consider in an overall mine atmosphere monitoring strategy. This paper describes the hardware, software and operation of a TBS and presents one example of typical data from a longwall coal mine.
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Mohamed K, Alkaisi MM. Investigation of a nanofabrication process to achieve high aspect-ratio nanostructures on a quartz substrate. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:015302. [PMID: 23221357 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/1/015302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the development of a nanofabrication process to achieve high aspect-ratio nanostructures on quartz substrates using electron beam lithography (EBL) patterning and fluorinated plasma etching processes. An imaging layer of a poly(methyl methacrylate) bi-layer resist was spun coated on quartz substrate and exposed by an e-beam with the designed patterns of sub-100 nm feature sizes using a Raith-150 EBL patterning tool. Additive pattern transfer was employed by depositing a 40 nm thick Nichrome layer on the resist pattern using a metal evaporator which was later lifted off by soaking in acetone. Nichrome was employed as an etch mask and an Oxford Plasmalab 80Plus reactive ion etcher was used for the etching process. The etching process was carried out in a gas mixture of CHF(3)/Ar with a flow rate ratio of 50/30 sccm, pressure of 20 mTorr, radiofrequency power of 200 W and at room temperature. These etching process parameters were found to achieve a 10 nm min(-1) etch rate and tall vertical side walls profile. An aspect-ratio of 10:1 was achieved on 60 nm feature size structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mohamed
- Nanofabrication and Functional Materials Research Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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Malhotra AO, Padmanabhan TV, Mohamed K, Natarajan S, Elavia U. Load transfer in tilted implants with varying cantilever lengths in an all-on-four situation. Aust Dent J 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mohamed K, Abdullah A, Mohamed A, Ahmed EO. Status of complementary and alternative medicine in the curricula of health colleges in Saudi Arabia. Eur J Integr Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2012.07.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hussain M, John CM, Mohamed K, Zbaeda M, Ng SM, Chanderasekaran S, Didi M, Blair JC. Growth monitoring still has a place in selected populations of children. BMJ Case Rep 2011; 2011:2011/mar24_1/bcr0120102640. [PMID: 22700067 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.01.2010.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1998, a multiprofessional group developed a consensus on growth monitoring in the UK. While routine serial measurements were not recommended in healthy children, it is clear that there is a subset of children at increased risk of growth-modifying disease who may benefit from growth monitoring. This subset includes children with genetic disorders at increased risk of thyroid dysfunction. Symptoms and signs of thyroid dysfunction are non-specific in the early stages of disease and are easily mistaken for features of an underlying genetic disorder. In this article, we report the case of a 2.8-year-old girl with 18q deletion syndrome who was profoundly weak, hypotonic and poorly responsive at diagnosis of Grave's disease. She was tall and her bone age was 2 years advanced, indicating long-standing disease. Growth monitoring of this patient should have enabled earlier diagnosis and avoided a serious and potentially fatal episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hussain
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, West Derby, Liverpool, UK
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Neoh CY, Tan AWH, Mohamed K, Sun YJ, Tan SH. Characterization of the inflammatory cell infiltrate in herald patches and fully developed eruptions of pityriasis rosea. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 35:300-4. [PMID: 19663842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a common cutaneous papulosquamous disorder affecting young adults. Previous studies have suggested possibilities of a viral aetiology and the involvement of cell-mediated immunity, but these remain unproven to date. AIM To elucidate the possible pathomechanisms in PR by characterizing the inflammatory cellular infiltrate in herald patches and fully developed PR eruptions. METHODS In total, 12 biopsy specimens from 6 patients diagnosed with PR were examined. For each patient, biopsies were taken from both a herald patch and a secondary patch. Specimens were processed for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining with a large panel of monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Histopathologically, all specimens showed epidermal changes such as parakeratosis, orthokeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia and spongiosis. Less common results included epidermal exocytosis and focal parakeratosis. In all biopsies, the dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes stained positively for monoclonal antibodies specific for T cells. The ratio of the CD4+ (helper) vs. CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells in the dermal infiltrate was increased in most specimens. Increased staining for Langerhans cells was seen within the dermis of lesional skin. There were no marked differences found in histopathology and immunohistochemistry between the herald patch and secondary lesions. Overall, there was a lack of natural killer cell and B-cell activities in PR lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a predominantly T-cell mediated immunity in the development of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Neoh
- Department of Dermatology, National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
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Székely C, Shaharom-Harrison F, Cech G, Mohamed K, Molnár K. Myxozoan pathogens of Malaysian fishes cultured in ponds and net-cages. Dis Aquat Organ 2009; 83:49-57. [PMID: 19301636 DOI: 10.3354/dao01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe new myxosporean species from Malaysian fishes cultured in pond farms and net-cages. Myxobolus omari sp. nov. and M. leptobarbi sp. nov. were found in the muscles of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and Leptobarbus hoevenii, respectively, while plasmodia and spores of Thelohanellus zahrahae sp. nov. and Henneguya daoudi sp. nov. were detected in the gills of Barbonymus gonionotus and Trichogaster trichopterus, respectively. Plasmodia and spores found in these fishes differed from the known myxosporean species in respect of their morphology, tissue tropism and 18S rDNA structure. No major pathological changes were found, but in the future these species might pose a potential threat to more intensified fish culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cs Székely
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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Abdollahi Z, Elmadfa I, Djazayeri A, Sadeghian S, Freisling H, Mazandarani FS, Mohamed K. Folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine status in women of childbearing age: baseline data of folic acid wheat flour fortification in Iran. Ann Nutr Metab 2008; 53:143-50. [PMID: 18997463 DOI: 10.1159/000170890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folic acid fortification implemented mandatorily in many countries has been associated with significant increase in blood folate concentrations and reduction in the prevalence of neural tube defects. However, there are controversial findings on the probability of vitamin B(12) deficiency being masked in the population after folic acid fortification. Baseline data on folate and vitamin B(12) status are necessary before mandatory flour fortification is implemented. OBJECTIVES To assess dietary intake of folate and vitamin B(12) and to determine blood concentrations of folate, vitamin B(12) and homocysteine in women of childbearing age as baseline data regarding folic acid fortification in Iran. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed with 579 healthy women as a representative sample of the Golestan province. Fasting blood samples were taken and dietary (24-hour recall), health and sociodemographic data were collected with an interview. Serum concentrations of folate and vitamin B(12) were measured with radioimmunoassay, and plasma homocysteine concentrations were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. RESULTS Mean serum concentrations of folate and vitamin B(12) were 13.6 nmol/l (95% CI 12.8-14.4) and 194.4 pmol/l (95% CI 183.8-205.0), respectively. Inadequate serum folate levels were present in 14.3% of the women and 22.7% had serum vitamin B(12) levels below normal. Mean plasma homocysteine concentration was 12.6 micromol/l (95% CI 12.1-13.2) and hyperhomocysteinemia was observed in 38.3% of the women. Mean daily intake of folate and vitamin B(12) was 198.3 microg (95% CI 185.4-211.3) and 2.6 microg (95% CI 1.9-3.2), respectively. Folate intake from food was positively correlated with serum folate concentrations (r = 0.084, p < 0.05) and inversely correlated with plasma homocysteine concentrations (r = -0.115, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS An insufficient vitamin B(12) as well as folate status is present in Iranian women of childbearing age. The final evaluation will be carried out 18 months after flour fortification and the results will be compared with baseline data obtained from the present study in order to show the efficacy and safety of folic acid fortification in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Abdollahi
- Family Health Department, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Moore AP, Ade-Hall RA, Smith CT, Rosenbloom L, Walsh H, Mohamed K, Williamson PR. Two-year placebo-controlled trial of botulinum toxin A for leg spasticity in cerebral palsy. Neurology 2008; 71:122-8. [DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000316801.74683.c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Molnár K, Székely C, Mohamed K, Shaharom-Harrison F. Myxozoan pathogens in cultured Malaysian fishes. I. Myxozoan infections of the sutchi catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus in freshwater cage cultures. Dis Aquat Organ 2006; 68:209-18. [PMID: 16610586 DOI: 10.3354/dao068209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cage-cultured sutchi catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878), a favourite food fish in Southeast Asia, proved to be infected by 6 myxozoan species. Three species belonged to the genus Hennegoides (H. berlandi, H. malayensis, and H. pangasii), 1 to Henneguya (H. shariffi) and 2 to Myxobolus (M. baskai, and M. pangasii). Five myxozoans infected the gills and 1 was found on the spleen. Myxozoans infecting the gills were characterised by a specific site selection. H. shariffi sp. n. and H. berlandi sp. n. formed plasmodia in the multi-layered epithelium of the gill filaments. Of the 2 vascular species H. pangasii sp. n. developed in the gill arteries, while M. baskai sp. n. infected the capillary network of the gill lamellae. Plasmodia of H. malayensis sp. n. were found inside the cartilaginous gill rays of the filaments. Large plasmodia of M. pangasii sp. n. were located in a groove of the spleen but they affected only the serosa layer covering the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Molnár
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, 1581 Budapest, Hungary.
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Molnár K, Székely C, Mohamed K, Shaharom-Harrison F. Myxozoan pathogens in cultured Malaysian fishes. II. Myxozoan infections of redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus in freshwater cage cultures. Dis Aquat Organ 2006; 68:219-26. [PMID: 16610587 DOI: 10.3354/dao068219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cage-cultured Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840), a popular food fish in Southeast Asia, proved to be infected by 3 myxozoan species. All the 3 species belonged to the genus Henneguya: 2 were identified as H. mystusia Sarkar, 1985 and H. hemibagri Tchang et Ma, 1993, while the other was described as H. basifilamentalis sp. n. All plasmodia were found in the gills and were characterised by a specific site selection. H. mystusia formed plasmodia in the multi-layered epithelium between the gill lamellae and in the non-lamellar edge of the gill filaments, while H. hemibagri developed in the capillary network of the lamellae. H. basifilamentalis sp. n. had large oval plasmodia located deep among the filaments just above the gill arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Molnár
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, 1581 Budapest, Hungary.
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Hamed S, Mohamed K, El-Taher A, Hamed E, Omar H. The sexual and reproductive health in men with generalized epilepsy: a multidisciplinary evaluation. Int J Impot Res 2005; 18:287-95. [PMID: 16254569 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study was specifically aimed to evaluate the sexual and reproductive health in a group of men with generalized epilepsy. In total, 44 men with generalized epilepsy were included in this study, their ages between 18 and 48 years (29.2+/-9.9) and duration of illness between 2 and 35 years (11.2+/-7.4); 34 patients were treated with conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Sexological and psychological interviews together with serum total testosterone, E(2), FSH, LH and prolactin were determined. Hyposexuality was diagnosed in 61.4%. Erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation represented 70.4 and 66.7%, respectively. Variables such as hyposexuality, seizure duration and its poor control on AEDs were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Compared to the normal control group, all patients reported elevated E(2) levels (P<0.001), 10 had FSH (n=4) and LH (n=6) levels exceeding that of the normal range for controls and two had hyperprolactinemia. Although the patients' mean value of total testosterone remained within the normal range, but it was significantly lower in hyposexual men compared to nonhyposexual (P<0.002), only two epileptic patients had markedly reduced level of total testosterone beyond normal control levels. This study strongly supports that: (1) The risk of hyposexuality and reproductive disturbances is high in epileptic patients with GTC convulsions despite the AEDs utilized. The risk for SD is further increased by poor seizure control and the frequently accompanied depressive manifestations. (2) It is possible that elevated E2 could increase the risk of SD by reducing active testosterone through negative feedback and the reduction of active testosterone could increase seizure intractability to antiepileptic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hamed
- Department of Neurology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Absence seizures are brief epileptic seizures which present in childhood and adolescence. They are characterised by sudden loss of awareness and an electroencephalogram (EEG) typically shows generalised spike wave discharges at three cycles per second. Ethosuximide, valproate and lamotrigine are currently used to treat absence seizures. This review aims to determine the best choice of anticonvulsant for a child with typical absence seizures. OBJECTIVES To review the evidence for the effects of ethosuximide, valproate and lamotrigine as treatments for children and adolescents with absence seizures, when compared with placebo or each other. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group's Specialised Register (March 2005), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2005), MEDLINE (1966 to March 2005) and EMBASE (1988 to March 2005). No language restrictions were imposed. In addition, we contacted Sanofi Winthrop, Glaxo Wellcome (now GlaxoSmithKline) and Parke Davis (now Pfizer), manufacturers of sodium valproate, lamotrigine and ethosuximide respectively. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised parallel group monotherapy or add-on trials which include a comparison of any of the following in children or adolescents with absence seizures: ethosuximide; sodium valproate; lamotrigine or placebo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Outcome measures were: (1) proportion of individuals seizure free at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post randomisation; (2) people with a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency; (3) normalisation of EEG and/or negative hyperventilation test and (4) adverse effects. Data were independently extracted by two review authors. Results are presented as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). MAIN RESULTS Five small trials were found, four of them were of poor methodological quality. One trial (29 participants) compared lamotrigine with placebo using a response conditional design. Individuals taking lamotrigine were significantly more likely to be seizure free than participants taking placebo during this short trial. Another trial compared lamotrigine with sodium valproate, the study lacked power to detect the difference in efficacy. Three studies compared ethosuximide, but because of diverse study designs and populations studied, we decided not to pool results in a meta-analysis. None of these studies found a difference between valproate and ethosuximide with respect to seizure control, but confidence intervals were wide and the existence of important differences could not be excluded. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Although ethosuximide, lamotrigine and valproate are commonly used to treat people with absence seizures we have insufficient evidence to inform clinical practice, and the few trials included in this review were of poor methodological quality and did not have sufficient number of participants. More trials of better quality are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Posner
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Department of Child Health, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK NE1 4LP.
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Arnulf I, Mabrouk T, Mohamed K, Konofal E, Derenne JP, Couratier P. Stages 1-2 non-rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder associated with dementia: A new parasomnia? Mov Disord 2005; 20:1223-8. [PMID: 15966004 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55-year-old woman with a progressive dementia and frontal syndrome was hospitalized because she was agitated every night after falling asleep (spoke, laughed, cried, tapped, kicked, walked, and fell down). She slept 5.5 hours during video polysomnography, but the theta rhythm electroencephalograph recording typical of sleep stages 1 to 2 and the spindles and K-complexes typical of sleep stage 2 contrasted with continuous muscular twitching, prominent rapid eye movements, vocalizations, and continuous, complex, purposeful movements typical of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder. This newly described stages 1--2 non-REM sleep behavior disorder suggests that central motor pattern generators were disinhibited during non-REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Arnulf
- Fédération des Pathologies du Sommeil, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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Lashen H, Mohamed K. Reply of the Authors. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Seyam R, Mohamed K, Akhras AA, Rashwan H. A prospective randomized study to optimize the dosage of trimix ingredients and compare its efficacy and safety with prostaglandin E1. Int J Impot Res 2005; 17:346-53. [PMID: 15772683 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intracavernous injection of Trimix (Tx) is indicated for patients unsuitable for prostaglandin E1 (PgE1) injection due to lack of response, pain or cost. We believe that the ideal ratio of ingredient doses in Tx is yet to be found. We postulated that increasing the doses of individual drug components in an orderly manner would convey important data on penile hemodynamic response. Such information is needed to choose an effective and less costly alternative to PgE1 with least side effects. We set out to evaluate the impact of varying the ingredient dosage on response and short-term safety of Tx compared with PgE1. We prospectively randomized 180 consecutive patients with erectile dysfunction into nine equal groups and each group received a different dose of Tx, namely phentolamine (1 mg) plus one dose of PgE1 (2.5, 5 or 10 microg) and one dose of papaverine (5, 10 or 20 mg). Each patient was injected with 20 microg PgE1 and one dose of Tx in two clinic visits 1 week apart. Following injection, duplex ultrasound of cavernous arteries and axial rigidometry were carried out. Patients ranked the quality of erection, estimated overall satisfaction and reported time to detumescence and side effects. Patients' mean age was 50.5+/-11.7 y with underlying organic condition in 91.1%. There were no significant differences between PgE1 and Tx with regard to peak cavernous artery flow, time to erection, patients' satisfaction, average axial rigidity and pain. PgE1 produced higher end diastolic velocity, shorter duration of erection and less priapism. Patients did not show a preference for either drug or any particular dosage. We conclude that even at the smallest dose of ingredients of Tx, there are no significant differences in hemodynamic effects, rigidity, pain and self-satisfaction between the two drugs. However, Tx produces a longer duration of erection and more priapism than PgE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Seyam
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Absence seizures are brief epileptic seizures which present in childhood and adolescence. They are characterised by sudden loss of awareness and an electroencephalogram (EEG) typically shows generalised spike wave discharges at three cycles per second. Ethosuximide, valproate and lamotrigine are currently used to treat absence seizures. This review aims to determine the best choice of anticonvulsant for a child with typical absence seizures. OBJECTIVES To review the evidence for the effects of ethosuximide, valproate and lamotrigine as treatments for children and adolescents with absence seizures, when compared with placebo or each other. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group trials register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library issue 1, 2003), MEDLINE (January 1966 to March 2003) and EMBASE (1988 to March 2003). We also contacted Sanofi Winthrop, Glaxo Wellcome (now GlaxoSmithKline) and Parke Davis (now Pfizer), manufacturers of sodium valproate, lamotrigine and ethosuximide respectively. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised parallel group monotherapy or add-on trials which include a comparison of any of the following in children or adolescents with absence seizures: ethosuximide; sodium valproate; lamotrigine or placebo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Outcome measures were: (i) proportion of individuals seizure free at 1, 6 and 18 months post randomisation; (ii) people with a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency; (iii) normalisation of EEG and/or negative hyperventilation test and (iv) adverse effects. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers. Results are presented as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). MAIN RESULTS Four small trials were found, which were of poor methodological quality. One trial (29 participants) compared lamotrigine with placebo using a response conditional design. Individuals taking lamotrigine were significantly more likely to be seizure free than participants taking placebo during this short trial. Three studies compared ethosuximide, but because of diverse study designs and populations studied, we decided not to pool results in a meta-analysis. None of these studies found a difference between valproate and ethosuximide with respect to seizure control, but confidence intervals were wide and the existence of important differences could not be excluded. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Although ethosuximide, lamotrigine and valproate are commonly used to treat people with absence seizures we have insufficient evidence to inform clinical practice, and the few trials included in this review were of poor methodological quality. More trials of better quality are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Posner
- Department of Child Health, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK, NE1 4LP
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Abstract
We describe the development and validation of a scoring system for auditing orthopaedic surgery. It is a minor modification of the POSSUM scoring system widely used in general surgery. The orthopaedic POSSUM system which we have developed gives predictions for mortality and morbidity which correlate well with the observed rates in a sample of 2326 orthopaedic operations over a period of 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Mohamed
- Warrington Hospital, Lovely Lane, Warrington, Cheshire WA5 1QG, UK
| | - G. P. Copeland
- Warrington Hospital, Lovely Lane, Warrington, Cheshire WA5 1QG, UK
| | - D. A. Boot
- Warrington Hospital, Lovely Lane, Warrington, Cheshire WA5 1QG, UK
| | - H. C. Casserley
- Warrington Hospital, Lovely Lane, Warrington, Cheshire WA5 1QG, UK
| | | | - P. G. Sherry
- Warrington Hospital, Lovely Lane, Warrington, Cheshire WA5 1QG, UK
| | - G. J. Stewart
- Warrington Hospital, Lovely Lane, Warrington, Cheshire WA5 1QG, UK
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Mohamed K, Copeland GP, Boot DA, Casserley HC, Shackleford IM, Sherry PG, Stewart GJ. An assessment of the POSSUM system in orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002; 84:735-9. [PMID: 12188495 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.84b5.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development and validation of a scoring system for auditing orthopaedic surgery. It is a minor modification of the POSSUM scoring system widely used in general surgery. The orthopaedic POSSUM system which we have developed gives predictions for mortality and morbidity which correlate well with the observed rates in a sample of 2326 orthopaedic operations over a period of 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mohamed
- Warrington Hospital, Cheshire, England
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45
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Abstract
A 3-year retrospective review was undertaken of the use of topiramate in 51 children aged 3-16 years with partial and generalized epilepsies who attended a tertiary referral epilepsy centre in a large children's hospital. The mean follow-up period was 19 months (range 6-33 months). Twenty-six children (51%) were still receiving topiramate at the time of their last review. Fifteen children (29%) showed a greater than 50% reduction in their seizure frequency and four children (8%) became seizure free, three on topiramate monotherapy. The drug appeared to be most effective in children with moderate learning difficulties with 75% showing an improvement in seizure control compared with 25% of children with normal educational functioning. Topiramate was withdrawn in 25 patients. The reasons for withdrawal included adverse effects in 20, lack of effect in three and worsening of seizures in two patients. Adverse side effects were reported in 57% of the 51 patients. The majority of the side effects were related to behavioural and cognitive difficulties, with less-common side effects including anorexia, weight loss and headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mohamed
- Department of Neurology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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46
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Abstract
A late diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy has implications for both child and family. This repeat audit has shown that the diagnosis continues to be delayed. The failure to recognize that non-motor, and specifically speech and language delay are common features of this disease may detract from the motor difficulties in affected children and contribute to the late diagnosis of this disorder. In the absence of a national newborn screening programme for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, all health care professionals should be made more aware of the condition and have a lower threshold for measuring a creatine phosphokinase level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mohamed
- Regional Paediatric Neuromuscular Clinic, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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47
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Madzime S, William MA, Mohamed K, October T, Adem M, Mudzamiri S, Woelk GB. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among indigent urban pregnant women in Zimbabwe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000; 46:1-4. [PMID: 14674198 DOI: 10.4314/cajm.v46i1.8513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among indigent pregnant women. DESIGN A serological survey study of indigent pregnant women admitted for labour and delivery. SETTING Harare Maternity Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS A random sample of 1,607 women, delivering at the hospital during the study period agreed to participate in the research. Serum samples were available for 1,591 women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to HCV using a second generation agglutination assay and a third generation enzyme immuno-assay (EIA). RESULTS Of the 1,591 women tested 25 (1.6%) were anti-HCV positive (95% confidence interval 1.0% to 2.2%). The frequency of anti-HCV positives was associated with maternal age (p = 0.0202) and maternal syphilis status (p = 0.020). Gravidas aged 25 to 29 years had the highest anti-HCV seroprevalence (3.4%) as compared with gravidas of other age categories (1.0% to 1.5%). Women with serologic evidence of syphilis infection during the index pregnancy had an increased prevalence of anti-HCV as compared with those women without evidence of syphilis infection (7.9% versus 1.4%, p = 0.020). There was some evidence (p = 0.094) that a positive prior history of delivering a stillborn infant was also associated with an increased prevalence of anti-HCV (4.1% vs 1.4%). Other maternal characteristics, including hepatitis B virus carriage status, parity, and whether she had received prenatal care during the index pregnancy were not determinants of maternal anti-HCV status. CONCLUSIONS Overall, hepatitis C antibody was detected in 1.6% of indigent women delivering at Harare Maternity Hospital. This proportion of anti-HCV positive pregnant women is similar to estimates published for North American and European women. Factors positively associated with maternal seropositivity in our population included maternal age (between 25 to 29 years), prior history of delivering a stillborn infant, and seropositivity for syphilis during the index pregnancy. Given the relatively low seroprevalence of HCV and the fact that risk factors for HCV infection remain largely unknown, more studies are needed to identify high risk populations likely to benefit from HCV screening and treatment programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madzime
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School, P O Box A 178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
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El Moez A, Mohamed K, Al-Nadjm A, El-Aziz A, Fouda S. Some azodyes as corrosion inhibitors for iron
in HCl solution. J Chim Phys 1997; 94:1286-1294. [DOI: 10.1051/jcp/1997941286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Mohamed K, Leclercq B, Anwar A, El-Alaily H, Soliman H. A comparative study of metabolisable energy in ducklings and domestic chicks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(84)90063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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50
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Bellamy D, Mohamed K. A comparative study of age involution of the bursa of Fabricius an thymus in birds. Thymus 1982; 4:107-14. [PMID: 7064199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The differential growth patterns of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus of Comet strain chicks were examined up to 60 days of age. It was found that the bursa increased in size, in relation to body weight, during the first 3 wk of life but thereafter underwent involution. The thymic tissue increased in weight throughout the period of investigation, from 3 to 58 days of age; when this total weight was related to the number of thymus glands, it was found that during the first days of life, thymus tissue was increased by the growth of pre-existing thymic glands but that this was followed by a phase when new thymus glands appeared with no increase in the size of the largest glands. Although the growth and involution patterns of the thymus and bursa differed it was found that, for each age group, a linear relationship existed between the bursa and thymus, suggesting that there may be a common control of development in the two organs.
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